285:
1995:
2083:(Anno. 2009). Makimuku has also revealed wooden tools such as masks and a shield fragment. A large amount of pollen that would have been used to dye clothes was also found at the site of Makimuku. Clay pots and vases were also found at the site of Makimuku similar to ones found in other prefectures of Japan. Another site at Makimuku supporting the theory that Yamatai once existed there is, the possible burial site of Queen
2047:. The northern Kyushu theory doubts the description of distance and the central Kinki theory the direction. This has been a continuing debate over the past 200 years, involving not only professional historians, archeologists and ethnologists, but also many amateurs, and thousands of books and papers have been published. (1996:188)
1607:
mean "evil; depraved" and "horse", reflecting the contempt
Chinese felt for a barbarian country, and it is most unlikely that Chen Shou would have used a sacred word after these two characters. It is equally unlikely that a copyist could have confused the characters, because in their old form they do
501:
The Wa dwell on mountainous islands southeast of Han in the middle of the ocean, forming more than one hundred communities. From the time of the overthrow of
Chaoxian by Emperor Wu (B.C. 140-87), nearly thirty of these communities have held intercourse with the Han court by envoys or scribes. Each
470:
We confer upon you, therefore, the title 'Queen of Wa
Friendly to Wei', together with the decoration of the gold seal with purple ribbon. ...As a special gift, we bestow upon you three pieces of blue brocade with interwoven characters, five pieces of tapestry with delicate floral designs, fifty
835:
Next they gave birth to Great-Yamato-the-Luxuriant-Island-of-the-Dragon-Fly, another name for which is
Heavenly-August-Sky-Luxuriant-Dragon-Fly-Lord-Youth. The name of "Land-of-the-Eight-Great-Islands" therefore originated in these eight islands having been born first. (tr. Chamberlain
907:
Now when the time of birth arrived, first of all the island of Ahaji was reckoned as the placenta, and their minds took no pleasure in it. Therefore it received the name of Ahaji no Shima. Next there was produced the island of Oho-yamato no Toyo-aki-tsu-shima. (tr. Aston 1924
2042:
The question of whether the
Yamatai Kingdom was located in northern Kyushu or central Kinki prompted the greatest debate over the ancient history of Japan. This debate originated from a puzzling account of the itinerary from Korea to Yamatai in
438:. Here there are about fifty thousand households. Then going toward the south, one arrives at the country of Yamadai, where a Queen holds her court. takes ten days by water and one month by land. Among the officials there are the
1812:, which inevitably seems to be a transcription of some early linguistic form allied with the word Yamato. The phonology of this identification raises problems which after generations of study have yet to be settled. The final
2071:
historian
Takehiko Yoshida, interpret Yoshinogari as evidence for the Kyūshū Theory, many others support the Kinki Theory based on Yoshinogari clay vessels and the early development of Kofun (Saeki 2006).
2176:. Series: Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. 53 Ed. VanNess Simmons, Richard & Van Auken, Newell Ann. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. p. 255, 286
939:
spellings, but rather a logographic style of spelling, based on the pronunciation of the kanji using the native
Japanese vocabulary of the same meaning. For instance, the name
1011:. According to the legends, Himiko lived in a palace with 1,000 female handmaidens and one male servant who would feed her. This palace was most likely located at the site of
471:
lengths of white silk, eight taels of gold, two swords five feet long, one hundred bronze mirrors, and fifty catties each of jade and of red beads. (tr. Tsunoda 1951:14-15)
422:) meaning "platform; terrace." This history describes ancient Wa based upon detailed reports of 3rd-century Chinese envoys who traveled throughout the
1537:
258:). Generations of Japanese historians, linguists, and archeologists have debated where Yamatai was located and whether it was related to the later
2455:
2018:. Generations of historians have debated "the Yamatai controversy" and have hypothesized numerous localities, some of which are fanciful like
2909:
2510:
Pulleyblank, EG. 1991. "Lexicon of
Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin". UBC Press.
2324:
1665:
1957), and Middle
Chinese (William H. Baxter 1992). Note that Karlgren's "Archaic" is equivalent with "Middle" Chinese, and his "yod"
1231:
1, tr. Wilhelm 1967:371: "each thing receives its true nature and destiny and comes into permanent accord with the Great
Harmony.")
1645:
pronunciations differ considerably from the original 3rd-7th century transcriptions from a transitional period between Archaic or
590:
and close to Dan'er. (倭國在百濟・新羅東南、水陸三千里、於大海之中、依山島而居。... 都於邪靡堆、則魏志所謂邪馬臺者也。古云、去樂浪郡境及帶方郡並一萬二千里、在會稽之東、與儋耳相近。) (81, tr. Tsunoda 1951:28)
2359:"Wednesday Campanella has released the music video for "Himiko," in which Utaha becomes a weather caster and predicts heavy rain"
502:
community has its king, whose office is hereditary. The King of Great Wa resides in the country of Yamadai. (tr. Tsunoda 1951:1)
2919:
2282:
654:
in Japanese, for their phonetic values. This usage is first seen in the 400s or 500s to spell out Japanese names, as on the
2344:
2584:
2527:
2249:
2213:
1595:
was one of their most sacred words, implying a religious-political sanctuary or the emperor's palace. The characters
596:
2556:
Makimuku: were the huge buildings, neatly lined up, a palace? A discovery enlivens debate over the country Yamatai'
2914:
2924:
1816:
of the Middle Chinese form seems to be a transcription of some early form not otherwise recorded for the final
605:
531:
513:
482:
320:
2067:, which was thought to be a possible candidate for the location of Yamatai. While some scholars, most notably
2102:
331:
213:
747:加 character (hiragana from the cursive form of the kanji, and katakana from a simplification of the kanji).
1638:
1670:
1222:
1157:, the name given to "Japan" by Chinese writers using a character meaning "docile, submissive". During the
878:
781:
696:
545:
419:
395:
383:
362:
352:
226:
218:
2172:
Schuessler, Axel (2014). "Phonological Notes on Hàn Period Transcriptions of Foreign Names and Words" in
2100:
Yamatai, depicted as an isolated island somewhere in the Pacific, is the setting of the 2013 video game
995:. The other officials of the country were also ranked under the queen, with the highest position called
1808:
account of the Wo people is chiefly concerned with a kingdom which it calls Yeh-ma-t'ai, Middle Chinese
1608:
not look nearly as similar as in their modern printed form. Yamadai was Fan Yeh's creation. (1994:249)
1107:
2022:(Farris 1998:245). General consensus centers around two likely locations of Yamatai, either northern
1975:
840:
Chamberlain (1919:27) notes this poetic name "Island of the Dragon-fly" is associated with legendary
430:
Going south by water for twenty days, one comes to the country of Toma, where the official is called
399:
2358:
1161:(538-710) when Japanese place names were standardized into two-character compounds, the spelling of
190:
1022:
After Queen Himiko died, an unknown king became ruler of the country for a short period, and then
1796:
describes the phonological gap between these Middle Chinese reconstructions and the Old Japanese
1542:
1317:
707:. Irregularities within this awkward system led Japanese scribes to develop phonetically regular
284:
2873:
2717:
562:
Wa is situated in the middle of the great ocean southeast of Baekje and Silla, three thousand
2904:
2741:
2736:
2577:
988:
477:
297:
1903:, like those of many Japanese words, remains uncertain. While scholars generally agree that
796:
2376:
2174:
Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text
2149:
1658:
423:
8:
2762:
1666:
234:
2424:
Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues in the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan
2412:
935:, "Myriad Leaves Collection") transcribes various pieces of text using not the phonetic
2548:
Ambassadors from the Islands of Immortals: China-Japan Relations in the Han-Tang Period
2107:
2019:
1999:
1562:
1063:
681:
655:
583:
454:. There are probably more than seventy thousands households. (115, tr. Tsunoda 1951:9)
2878:
2437:
2059:
remains uncertain. In 1989, archeologists discovered a giant Yayoi-era complex at the
2523:
2497:
2288:
2278:
2255:
2245:
2219:
2209:
1793:
1662:
1274:
1208:
925:
648:. The first texts actually in the Japanese language used Chinese characters, called
639:
587:
579:
301:
2148:
and the Yamatai Kingdom are the subjects of the song "Himiko" by Japanese EDM group
462:
also records that in 238 CE, Queen Himiko sent an envoy to the court of Wei emperor
2899:
2851:
2613:
2570:
2137:
2115:
2068:
2060:
2015:
1693:
566:
away by water and land. The people dwell on mountainous islands. ...The capital is
208:
2485:
Brocade by Night: 'Kokin Wakashū' and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry
664:
2712:
2697:
2681:
2390:
2088:
2064:
2027:
1835:
1016:
762:, "Records of Ancient Matters") is the oldest extant book written in Japan. The "
659:
259:
51:
2555:
2702:
2135:
Yamtaikoku is the setting of the 2020/22 limited time event of the mobile game
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1913:
1650:
1642:
1218:
1012:
946:
874:
777:
700:
600:, completed 643-659 CE, contains a similar record, but transliterates the name
541:
2893:
2844:
2807:
2777:
2292:
2080:
1070:
diacritics distinguish two vocalic types within the proposed eight vowels of
841:
61:
2259:
2223:
2767:
2650:
2562:
2541:, translated by Tsunoda, Ryusaku, South Pasadena, CA: PD & Ione Perkins
1569:, was writing about earlier events based on written sources. Hong says the
1384:
1158:
1134:
1075:
1045:
1023:
968:
882:
785:
407:
198:
119:
2051:
The location of ancient Yamatai-koku and its relation with the subsequent
296:
The oldest accounts of Yamatai are found in the official Chinese dynastic
2797:
2660:
2539:
Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories: Later Han Through Ming Dynasties
2076:
2023:
1646:
1262:
1071:
853:
708:
634:
508:
309:
821:
2868:
2822:
2792:
2623:
2128:
1967:
1153:
386:) transcription in later texts and dismiss this initial spelling using
194:
2405:
2244:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
2014:
The location of Yamatai-koku is one of the most contentious topics in
1511:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1469:
1461:
1447:
1435:
1378:
1367:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1311:
1296:
1177:
958:
734:
722:
690:
413:
403:
389:
2817:
2812:
2707:
2643:
2628:
2618:
1896:
1554:
1067:
804:
2035:
1674:(which some browsers cannot display) is replaced with the customary
1624:
histories use at least 10 Chinese characters to transcribe Japanese
1516:"pile; heap". Concerning the transcriptional difference between the
522:), finished in 636 CE, records changing the capital's name from the
2772:
2665:
2638:
2633:
2598:
2377:"Remains of what appears to be Queen Himiko's palace found in Nara"
2007:
1994:
1675:
1561:, was writing about recent history based on personal observations;
740:
728:
673:
71:
2507:
Philippi, Donald L. (tr.) 1968. Kojiki. University of Tokyo Press.
2305:
Bentley, John (2008). "The Search for the Language of Yamatai" in
715:
were graphic simplifications of Chinese characters. For instance,
241:
for "country", describing the place as the domain of Priest-Queen
2787:
2782:
920:"Island of Bountiful Harvests" or "Island of Bountiful Autumn").
815:
809:
763:
463:
305:
2091:. Himiko was the ruler of Yamatai from c. 180 C.E.- c. 248 C.E.
912:
The translator Aston notes a literal meaning for the epithet of
831:, "Eight Great Islands") of Japan, the last of which was Yamato:
2827:
2802:
2655:
2329:
2208:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. pp. 14–16.
2145:
2123:
2084:
2056:
1654:
1504:
1441:
1398:
The early Chinese histories above give three transcriptions of
1250:
1227:
1172:
992:
752:
644:
628:
242:
96:
2391:
Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697
2345:"Super Ancient Shinsengumi History GUDAGUDA Yamataikoku 2022"
2052:
2031:
1239:
1147:
669:
650:
662:. This gradually formalized over the 600s and 700s into the
574:. The old records say that it is altogether twelve thousand
1026:
reigned before Yamatai disappears from historical records.
712:
1657:) with differing reconstructions of Early Middle Chinese (
604:
using a different character with a similar pronunciation (
2464:
Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia
2079:
suggests that Yamatai-koku was located near Makimuku in
2448:] (in French), Publications orientalistes de France
2431:
The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1, Ancient Japan
2113:
Yamatai appears as historic setting 1990's video game,
1486:"faithful, committed", which is also financial form of
1234:
The early Japanese texts above give three spellings of
1653:. The table below contrasts Modern pronunciations (in
1458:"evil; depraved". The second syllable is written with
1019:. She ruled for most of the known history of Yamatai.
668:
system, a rebus-like transcription that uses specific
491:) says the Wa kings lived in the country of Yamatai (
2239:
1858:). Tōdō Akiyasu reconstructs two pronunciations for
1452:, an interrogative sentence-final particle, and for
2446:
History of Japan – from origins to the end of Meiji
1847:represents a pre-Old Japanese form of Old Japanese
1432:). The first syllable is consistently written with
916:
of "rich harvest's" (or "rich autumn's") "island" (
899:. In this version of the Eight Great Islands myth,
2442:Histoire du Japon – des origines à la fin de Meiji
2277:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 6–11.
703:and adopted into Japanese with the pronunciation
2891:
2168:
2166:
1966:"place". Bentley (2008) reconstructs underlying
991:, Yamatai was originally ruled by the shamaness
2456:Paekche of Korea and the Origin of Yamato Japan
1585:("platform") 56 times, without confusing them.
2478:Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai
2075:The recent archeological discovery of a large
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1911:
1376:
1365:
1346:
1335:
1324:
1309:
1294:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1185:Following the ca. 757 graphic substitution of
1175:
1166:
1039:
956:
944:
930:
858:
826:
757:
732:
720:
695:, which means "to add", and was pronounced as
688:
553:
264:
247:
176:
31:
2578:
2325:"A Feminist Reviews Tomb Raider's Lara Croft"
2163:
1859:
1842:
1825:
1738:
1709:
1629:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1580:
1574:
1548:
1527:
1517:
1509:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1212:
1110:), which merged into the five modern vowels (
868:
844:, whose honorific name includes "Yamato", as
771:
609:
535:
517:
492:
486:
411:
387:
377:
356:
346:
336:
324:
2592:
2375:
2585:
2571:
2322:
237:pronunciations) followed by the character
2189:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 298, 299
2187:Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese
2110:. Queen Himiko is a key part of the plot.
1383:"track; trace". As noted further above,
2536:
2394:. 2 vols. Charles E Tuttle reprint 1972.
1993:
283:
2502:Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction
2272:
1978:the transcription 邪馬臺's pronunciation *
1830:as a transcription of pre-Old Japanese
1474:"rub; friction". The third syllable of
2892:
2436:
2406:The Kojiki, Records of Ancient Matters
2203:
1612:He additionally cites Furuta that the
638:, were mainly written in a variant of
626:The first Japanese books, such as the
2566:
2513:
2473:. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities.
2199:
2197:
2195:
2141:, prominently featuring Queen Himiko.
2094:
2038:. Imamura describes the controversy.
1007:, and the lowest-ranking position of
971:pronunciation rules caused the sound
863:, "Chronicles of Japan") transcribes
586:prefectures, and is situated east of
355:), written instead with the spelling
2910:Former countries in Japanese history
2537:Goodrich, Carrington C, ed. (1951),
2404:Chamberlain, Basil Hall, tr. 1919.
2323:Pinchefsky, Carol (March 12, 2013).
2235:
2233:
1918:"mountains", they disagree whether -
1440:"a place name", which was used as a
2399:A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology
1998:Map illustrating the path from the
766:" section phonetically transcribes
687:using (among others) the character
13:
2553:Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rett, 2010.
2266:
2240:Delmer M. Brown, ed. (1988–1999).
2192:
406:'one') as a miscopy, or perhaps a
369:in modern Japanese pronunciation.
14:
2936:
2230:
1494:, "one", and more commonly using
1058:, which has been associated with
1029:
903:is born second instead of eighth:
621:
597:History of the Northern Dynasties
2476:Kidder, Jonathan Edward. 2007.
2408:. Charles E Tuttle reprint 1981.
2307:Japanese Language and Literature
1353:"fly; gallop". In contrast, the
987:According to the Chinese record
743:, both of which derive from the
526:recorded in the Book of Wei, to
279:
2483:McCullough, Helen Craig. 1985.
2426:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
1478:is written in one variant with
967:, "footprint; track; trace").
552:(Japanese logographic spelling
2550:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2522:] (in Japanese), Iwanami,
2494:. University of Chicago Press.
2480:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2466:. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
2351:
2337:
2316:
2299:
2242:The Cambridge history of Japan
2204:Sansom, George Bailey (1958).
2179:
1824:While most scholars interpret
610:
570:, known in the Wei history as
536:
518:
487:
341:), first mentions the country
325:
238:
230:
222:
193:name of an ancient country in
1:
2920:Tributaries of Imperial China
2433:. Cambridge University Press.
2422:Farris, William Wayne. 1998.
2156:
2126:are the main villains in the
1207:("great harmony"), using the
982:
332:Records of the Three Kingdoms
300:for the 1st- and 2nd-century
214:Records of the Three Kingdoms
43:c. 1st century–c. 3rd century
2487:. Stanford University Press.
2388:Aston, William G, tr. 1924.
1958:"city; capital", or perhaps
1639:historical Chinese phonology
867:with the Chinese characters
578:distant from the borders of
7:
2413:Mirrors to Japanese History
2006:, and its distances in the
1989:
1907:signifies Japan's numerous
1444:graphic-loan character for
1387:pronunciation rules caused
807:creation myth that the god
466:, who responded favorably:
217:first recorded the name as
10:
2941:
2490:Miller, Roy Andrew. 1967.
2469:Karlgren, Bernhard. 1957.
2429:Hall, John Whitney. 1988.
2369:
2273:Huffman, James L. (2010).
2206:A history of Japan to 1334
1661:1991), "Archaic" Chinese (
1536:, Hong (1994:248-9) cites
1141:were first used in Japan,
784:and used to represent the
764:Birth of the Eight Islands
274:
2861:
2836:
2752:
2726:
2690:
2674:
2606:
2411:Edwards, Walter. 1998. "
2397:Baxter, William H. 1992.
2185:Schuessler, Axel (2009).
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1912:
1860:
1843:
1834:, Miyake (2003:41) cites
1826:
1739:
1710:
1630:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1549:
1528:
1518:
1510:
1502:"platform; terrace" (cf.
1496:
1488:
1480:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1446:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1377:
1366:
1347:
1336:
1325:
1310:
1295:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1187:
1176:
1167:
1040:
957:
945:
931:
869:
859:
827:
772:
758:
733:
721:
689:
554:
493:
412:
388:
378:
357:
347:
337:
265:
248:
177:
161:
151:
141:
137:
129:
125:
112:
102:
89:
85:
77:
67:
57:
47:
42:
32:
21:
2515:
2514:Saeki, Arikiyo (2006),
1820:of Yamato. (1967:17-18)
1565:, author of the ca. 432
1557:, author of the ca. 297
943:is sometimes spelled as
376:commentators accept the
329:), which is part of the
91:• c. 180–c. 248 AD
16:Ancient country in Japan
2753:Sites mentioned in the
2471:Grammata Serica Recensa
2462:Imamura. Keiji. 1996.
2459:. Kudara International.
1685:Chinese pronunciations
1589:During the Wei period,
1318:sentence-final particle
1108:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
442:and, next in rank, the
233:) (using reconstructed
2915:States of the Wajinden
2718:Furuichi Kofun Cluster
2275:Japan in world history
2122:Yamatai and its queen
2089:Hashihaka burial mound
2049:
2011:
1838:that Late Old Chinese
1822:
1610:
910:
846:Kamu-yamato Iware-biko
838:
672:to represent Japanese
592:
504:
473:
456:
398:) meaning "one" (the
308:, and the 6th-century
293:
153:• Disestablished
2925:Former confederations
2742:Yamatai Kyushu Theory
2737:Yamatai Honshu Theory
2546:Wang Zhenping. 2005.
2492:The Japanese Language
2453:Hong, Wontack. 1994.
2040:
1997:
1802:
1701:Early Middle Chinese
1587:
1579:("one") 86 times and
1197:("docile"), the name
1145:was written with the
989:Twenty-Four Histories
905:
833:
560:
499:
478:Book of the Later Han
468:
428:
345:, usually spelled as
298:Twenty-Four Histories
287:
58:Common languages
2401:. Mouton de Gruyter.
2313:, p. 11 of pp. 1-43.
2150:Wednesday Campanella
2108:2018 film adaptation
1659:Edwin G. Pulleyblank
1634:is not one of them.
975:to contract to just
797:Man'yōgana#chartable
680:spells the Japanese
434:and his lieutenant,
424:Japanese archipelago
400:anti-fraud character
2763:Black tooth country
2504:. Routledge Curzon.
1888:– and reads 邪馬臺 as
1686:
1667:palatal approximant
606:traditional Chinese
532:traditional Chinese
514:traditional Chinese
483:traditional Chinese
321:traditional Chinese
302:Eastern Han dynasty
235:Eastern Han Chinese
143:• Established
114:• c. 248–? AD
2733:Yamatai locations
2498:Miyake, Marc Hideo
2095:In popular culture
2034:region of central
2012:
2000:Daifeng commandery
1704:"Archaic" Chinese
1684:
1316:(an interrogative
1286:use Sino-Japanese
914:Toyo-aki-tsu-shima
819:gave birth to the
656:Eta Funayama Sword
304:, the 3rd-century
294:
2887:
2886:
2520:Yamataikoku ronsō
2284:978-0-19-536808-6
1794:Roy Andrew Miller
1791:
1790:
1663:Bernhard Karlgren
1342:"rise; mount" or
1209:Classical Chinese
1191:("peaceful") for
640:Classical Chinese
548:; interpreted as
184:(c. 1st century –
165:
164:
104:• c. 248 AD
2932:
2852:Legend of Himiko
2614:Five kings of Wa
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2542:
2532:
2449:
2438:Hérail, Francine
2384:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2201:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2138:Fate/Grand Order
2116:Legend of Himiko
2069:Seijo University
2061:Yoshinogari site
2016:Japanese history
1965:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1934:"track; trace",
1933:
1932:
1917:
1916:
1863:
1862:
1846:
1845:
1840:ʑ(h)a maaʳq dhəə
1829:
1828:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1712:
1694:Mandarin Chinese
1687:
1683:
1672:
1633:
1632:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1531:
1530:
1522:spelling in the
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1329:
1315:
1314:
1300:
1299:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1182:("big; great").
1181:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1044:) descends from
1043:
1042:
1034:Modern Japanese
962:
961:
955:, "mountain") +
950:
949:
934:
933:
880:
873:, pronounced in
872:
871:
862:
861:
830:
829:
813:and the goddess
783:
776:, pronounced in
775:
774:
761:
760:
738:
737:
726:
725:
698:
694:
693:
676:. For instance,
617:
616:
557:
556:
547:
539:
538:
521:
520:
496:
495:
490:
489:
421:
417:
416:
397:
393:
392:
385:
381:
380:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:
340:
339:
328:
327:
270:
268:
267:
257:
253:
251:
250:
240:
232:
228:
224:
220:
206:
203:
197:during the late
188:
185:
182:
180:
179:
37:
35:
34:
19:
18:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2857:
2832:
2748:
2722:
2713:Inariyama Kofun
2698:Hashihaka Kofun
2686:
2682:Civil War of Wa
2670:
2602:
2591:
2530:
2517:
2381:The Japan Times
2372:
2367:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2321:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2285:
2271:
2267:
2252:
2238:
2231:
2216:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2097:
2065:Saga Prefecture
2028:Yamato Province
1992:
1852:
1836:Alexander Vovin
1698:Middle Chinese
1649:and Ancient or
1540:
1538:Furuta Takehiko
1391:to contract to
1372:"mountain" and
1217:(pronounced in
1165:was changed to
1137:(250-538) when
1056:
1032:
1017:Nara prefecture
985:
923:The c. 600-759
897:
890:
793:
660:Inariyama Sword
624:
475:The ca. 432 CE
282:
277:
262:
255:
245:
204:
202:(c. 1,000 BCE –
201:
187:c. 3rd century)
186:
183:
174:
154:
144:
115:
105:
92:
38:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:Makimuku ruins
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2551:
2544:
2534:
2528:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2451:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2383:, Nov 11, 2009
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2350:
2336:
2315:
2298:
2283:
2265:
2250:
2229:
2214:
2191:
2178:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2133:
2120:
2111:
2096:
2093:
1991:
1988:
1942:"gate; door",
1850:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1651:Middle Chinese
1643:Modern Chinese
1357:uses Japanese
1219:Middle Chinese
1054:
1031:
1030:Pronunciations
1028:
999:, followed by
984:
981:
895:
888:
875:Middle Chinese
791:
778:Middle Chinese
701:Middle Chinese
623:
622:Japanese texts
620:
542:Middle Chinese
410:avoidance, of
317:Records of Wèi
315:The c. 297 CE
281:
278:
276:
273:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:c. 3rd century
155:
152:
149:
148:
147:c. 1st century
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2937:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Geumgwan Gaya
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2529:4-00-430990-5
2525:
2521:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:0-521-22352-0
2247:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2215:0-8047-0522-4
2211:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2132:anime series.
2131:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:Sakurai, Nara
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1853:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1586:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:was correct.
1544:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1320:in Chinese),
1319:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:, as used in
1220:
1210:
1200:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:, adding the
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:. The latter
1061:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
938:
928:
927:
921:
919:
915:
909:
904:
902:
898:
891:
884:
876:
866:
856:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:Emperor Jimmu
837:
832:
824:
823:
818:
817:
812:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
779:
769:
765:
755:
754:
748:
746:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
692:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
661:
657:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
637:
636:
631:
630:
619:
614:
607:
603:
599:
598:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
559:
551:
543:
533:
529:
525:
515:
511:
510:
503:
498:
484:
480:
479:
472:
467:
465:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
415:
409:
405:
401:
391:
375:
370:
368:
344:
334:
333:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
291:
286:
280:Chinese texts
272:
261:
244:
236:
216:
215:
210:
200:
196:
192:
191:Sino-Japanese
173:
169:
160:
156:
150:
146:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
117:
111:
107:
101:
98:
94:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
63:
62:Proto-Japonic
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
41:
28:
20:
2905:Yayoi period
2850:
2843:
2768:Chikushikoku
2754:
2597:
2593:
2554:
2547:
2538:
2519:
2501:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2353:
2339:
2328:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2274:
2268:
2241:
2205:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2136:
2127:
2114:
2101:
2074:
2055:-era Yamato
2050:
2044:
2041:
2013:
2003:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1970:'s endonym *
1923:
1919:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:< Middle
1865:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1810:i̯a-ma-t'ḁ̂i
1809:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1678:
1669:
1636:
1625:
1622:Xin Tang Shu
1621:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1588:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1533:
1523:
1503:
1475:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1385:Old Japanese
1373:
1362:
1361:readings of
1358:
1354:
1343:
1332:
1331:"hemp", and
1321:
1306:
1302:
1291:
1290:readings of
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1201:was spelled
1198:
1184:
1162:
1159:Asuka period
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:Kofun period
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:Old Japanese
1059:
1052:
1048:
1046:Old Japanese
1035:
1033:
1021:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:Queen Himiko
986:
976:
972:
969:Old Japanese
964:
952:
940:
936:
924:
922:
917:
913:
911:
906:
900:
893:
886:
883:Old Japanese
864:
852:
850:
845:
839:
834:
820:
814:
808:
803:records the
800:
789:
786:Old Japanese
767:
751:
749:
744:
716:
704:
684:
677:
663:
649:
643:
633:
627:
625:
612:
601:
595:
593:
575:
571:
567:
563:
561:
549:
546:/jiamuɑtuʌi/
527:
523:
507:
505:
500:
476:
474:
469:
459:
457:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
408:naming taboo
402:variant for
384:/*ja-ma-də̂/
373:
371:
366:
363:/*ja-ma-ʔit/
353:/*ja-ma-də̂/
342:
330:
316:
314:
295:
289:
288:Text of the
227:/*ja-ma-ʔit/
219:/*ja-ma-də̂/
212:
199:Yayoi period
172:Yamatai-koku
171:
167:
166:
108:Unknown king
27:Yamatai-koku
26:
2798:Matsurokoku
2661:Kukochihiko
2103:Tomb Raider
2077:stilt house
1690:Characters
1647:Old Chinese
1618:Hou Han Shu
1571:San Guo Zhi
1567:Hou Han Shu
1541: [
1534:Hou Han Shu
1466:"horse" or
1420:Hou Han Shu
1301:"night" or
1284:Nihon Shoki
1263:Nihon Shoki
1211:expression
1133:During the
1072:Nara period
879:/jiamˠadəŋ/
854:Nihon Shoki
782:/jiamˠatəŋ/
750:The c. 712
719:is written
709:syllabaries
635:Nihon Shoki
509:Book of Sui
450:, then the
446:; then the
310:Sui dynasty
306:Wei kingdom
205:c. 300 CE).
2894:Categories
2879:Sea People
2823:Tsukaikoku
2808:Shin'okoku
2793:Kununokuni
2417:Archeology
2157:References
2129:Steel Jeeg
1976:underlying
1972:yama-tǝ(ɨ)
1926:signifies
1872:< Old *
1761:jamuâtuḁ̂i
1732:jama:t'ḁ̂i
1727:jiamaɨ'dəj
1074:(710-794)
1024:Queen Toyo
983:Government
937:man'yōgana
795:(see also
745:Man'yōgana
711:. The new
678:man'yōgana
665:Man'yōgana
195:Wa (Japan)
78:King/Queen
68:Government
2818:Toumakoku
2813:Shujukoku
2708:Ukikunden
2293:323161049
1980:ja-maˀ-dǝ
1897:etymology
1756:jiamatwəj
1555:Chen Shou
1355:Man'yōshū
1275:Man'yōshū
1068:subscript
1005:mimagushi
926:Man'yōshū
805:Shintoist
448:mimagushi
292:(ca. 297)
256:c. 248 CE
2862:See also
2773:Fumikoku
2755:Wajinden
2727:Theories
2666:Himikoko
2599:Wajinden
2596:and the
2500:. 2003.
2440:(1986),
2260:17483588
2224:36820223
2106:and its
2008:Wajinden
1990:Location
1950:"door",
1806:Wei chih
1751:yæmatwoj
1526:and the
1389:yama ato
1359:kun'yomi
1013:Makimuku
973:yama ato
894:ya ma do
887:ya ma to
851:The 720
836:1919:23)
822:Ōyashima
790:ya ma to
741:katakana
729:hiragana
674:phonemes
436:miminari
367:Yamaichi
72:Monarchy
2900:Yamatai
2788:Itokoku
2783:Ikikoku
2594:Yamatai
2370:Sources
2087:at the
2045:Wei-shu
2030:in the
2020:Okinawa
2004:Yamatai
1832:yamatai
1786:d'âiɣuâ
1746:yémóduī
1722:yæmædoj
1717:yémǎtái
1614:Wei Zhi
1559:Wei Zhi
1532:in the
1524:Wei Zhi
1508:臺灣) or
1476:Yamatai
1430:Sui Shu
1422:), and
1410:Wei Zhi
1400:Yamatai
1288:on'yomi
1278:). The
1266:), and
1223:/dɑɦuɑ/
1060:Yamatai
1003:, then
1001:mimasho
881:and in
816:Izanami
810:Izanagi
799:). The
658:or the
642:called
602:Yamadai
584:Daifang
572:Yamatai
568:Yamadai
528:Yamadai
524:Yamatai
464:Cao Rui
460:Wei Zhi
444:mimasho
374:Wei Zhi
343:Yamatai
290:Wei Zhi
275:History
209:Chinese
189:is the
168:Yamatai
130:History
48:Capital
23:Yamatai
2845:Himiko
2828:Wakoku
2803:Nakoku
2675:Events
2656:Himiko
2607:People
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2516:邪馬台国論争
2330:Forbes
2291:
2281:
2258:
2248:
2222:
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2146:Himiko
2144:Queen
2124:Himiko
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1922:< -
1901:Yamato
1884:< *
1856:yamatə
1849:yamato
1798:Yamatö
1781:dajɣwa
1776:dajhwa
1655:Pinyin
1641:, the
1628:, but
1620:, and
1563:Fan Ye
1505:Taiwan
1442:jiajie
1393:yamato
1280:Kojiki
1251:Kojiki
1236:Yamato
1228:Yijing
1199:Yamato
1173:prefix
1163:Yamato
1151:倭 for
1143:Yamatö
1126:, and
1106:, see
1102:, and
1064:umlaut
1053:Yamato
1049:Yamatö
1036:Yamato
1009:nakato
977:yamato
941:Yamato
901:Yamato
865:Yamato
801:Kojiki
788:morae
768:Yamato
753:Kojiki
645:kanbun
629:Kojiki
588:Kuaiji
580:Lelang
550:Yamato
452:nakato
365:), or
260:Yamato
254:(died
243:Himiko
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118:Queen
97:Himiko
95:Queen
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52:Yamato
2874:Wajin
2837:Media
2691:Sites
2518:[
2444:[
2419:51.3.
2053:Kofun
2032:Kinki
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1890:Yamai
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1139:kanji
1098:, ë,
997:ikima
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670:kanji
651:kanji
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211:text
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2644:Dei?
2624:Chin
2524:ISBN
2311:42.1
2289:OCLC
2279:ISBN
2256:OCLC
2246:ISBN
2220:OCLC
2210:ISBN
1984:-dǝɨ
1909:yama
1895:The
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1876:and
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1282:and
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860:日本書紀
731:and
713:kana
699:in
682:mora
594:The
582:and
506:The
494:邪馬臺國
458:The
432:mimi
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2629:Sai
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2063:in
2026:or
2002:to
1974:as
1899:of
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1870:dǝi
1866:dai
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1827:邪馬臺
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1711:邪馬臺
1676:IPA
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1519:邪馬壹
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1415:邪馬臺
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1861:䑓
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