31:
564:
422:
247:
93:
399:. Tabaristan was subsequently made a regular province of the caliphate, ruled from Amul by an Arab governor, although the local dynasties of the Bavandids, Qarinvandids, the Zarmihrids and Baduspanids, formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control the mountainous interior as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government. These rulers were largely if not completely autonomous.
535:). The Bavandids and Qarinvandids disallowed any Muslim to get buried in Tabaristan, and the soldiers of Sharwin I had killed the caliphal deputy of the region, who was the nephew of the governor Khalifa ibn Sa'id. In 805, Wandad Hurmuzd's brother Vindaspagan killed a Muslim tax collector who had been sent to inspect his villages.
542:
to address an issue with the governor of
Khurasan, summoned the two rulers. There they both guaranteed their loyalty to the caliph, promising him to pay the land tax. On the request of Wandad Hurmuzd, Harun al-Rashid replaced the governor of Tabaristan. However, the new governor was instructed to
635:
For a certain period, the
Caspian shore of Iran served as a center for ancient Iranian national consciousness. In 783, during a rebellion in Tabaristan, the locals gave up their Arab husbands to the rebels. Dynasties such as the Bavandids and Ziyarids continued to commemorate their pre-Islamic
511:
considers it exaggerated, and suggests that the massacres only took place in the highlands and segments of the lowlands that the rebels where able to penetrate. The rebels were initially successful, defeating the Muslim forces and their leaders. This alarmed al-Mahdi, who in 783/4 sent his son
519:
The following year, a force of 40,000 soldiers under Sa'id al-Harashi finally defeated the rebels. Wandad
Hurmuzd was wounded and captured, but he was soon pardoned and allowed to return to his lands. Following this, relations between the Muslim governors and local rulers of Tabaristan became
631:
made use of
Pahlavi legends as late as the early 11th-century. Hunting, which had already been widely popular under the Sasanians, was particularly popular amongst the Iranians. Khurshid had parks filled with wild boars, hares, wolves and leopards, which he used as a hunting ground.
618:
in the 9th and 10th centuries. Christian tribes also inhabited
Tabaristan, and fought the Arabs around 660, but were defeated after heavy resistance and either killed or enslaved if they did not convert to Islam. The tradition of using
506:
in 781, they mounted a threatening anti-Muslim rebellion with the
Masmughan of Miyanrud two years later. According to local accounts, the rebels massacred all the Muslim inhabitants of Tabaristan in one day. The modern historian
380:) may have temporarily lost control of Tabaristan to the Arabs, as indicated by his lack of coinage. However, this may also mean the Dabuyids lacked funds to circulate throughout their realm. The last Dabuyid ruler
206:
in its stead. Under the
Sasanians, Tabaristan enjoyed considerable autonomy. They most likely left most of the affairs to the locals. The mint signature of "AM" is generally presumed to be an abbreviation for the
317:). Being unable to suppress the revolt, Yazdegerd III instead acknowledged Gil Gavbara as the ruler of the regions, presumably to deter him from creating an independent realm. Gil Gavbara was given the titles of
440:
Under the caliphate, Amul became the leading town of
Tabaristan, being the primary manufacturer of the silk fabrics that the region was famous for. Throughout history, many prominent figures with the
516:
with "a huge army and equipment such as no one previously had been equipped, to Gurgan to direct the war against Wandad
Hurmuzd and Sharwin, the two lords of Tabaristan."
1403:
1733:
1708:
1421:
1301:
1714:
Iran in the Early
Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055
547:
as hostages as proof of their loyalty. After Harun al-Rashid's death in 809, they were returned to Tabaristan. Shahriyar (now known as
346:, which would rule the region until the 1590s. Rule in the mountains of Tabaristan was maintained by two Dabuyid vassal kingdoms, the
543:
confine the power of the local rulers to the highlands. Wandad Hurmuzd's son Qarin, as well Sharwin I's son Shahriyar, were taken to
1804:
1738:
1314:
1543:
586:
of Astarabad and Persian of Gurgan". The eastern limit of the language was a bit further than present-day, reaching as far as
1824:
1759:
1747:
1722:
1698:
1650:
1626:
1575:
1215:
1088:
1662:
1175:
1809:
1590:
1684:
1612:
1561:
1201:
1272:
17:
191:) after being guaranteed to keep his kingdom. His line would continue ruling Padishkhwargar until the second reign of
1524:
1480:
1392:
1369:
1248:
1124:
1052:
465:
331:", possibly indicating Dabuyid rule in eastern Iran. Gil Gavbara maintained the independence of his realm during the
1165:
1069:
30:
578:. The geographical distribution of the language almost remains the same till this day. To the west it extended to
1446:"Tabaristān During the 'Abbāsid Period: The Overlapping Coinage of the Governors and Other Officials (144-178H)"
574:, the local language of Tabaristan, is first attested in the works of early Muslim geographers, who refer it as
627:
and monumental purposes, and possibly for chancery as well, endured longer in the Caspian region. The Bavandid
502:) destroyed his constructions. Although Wandad Hurmuzd and Sharwin I had reassured their pledge to the caliph
211:, the main city of the region. The first known Sasanian monarch to have minted coins with the signature was
1819:
296:), conquered all of Daylam and Gilan and planned on extending his conquests to Tabaristan. Its governor,
1642:
Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
396:
1814:
1415:
1361:
1295:
1240:
1116:
491:) in order to increase Abbasid influence there. After he left the region, however, the Bavandid ruler
1671:
1599:
1552:
1192:
472:
Abu al-Khaṣīb Marzuq was the first Abbasid governor of Tabaristan, who constructed a great mosque in
614:
Islam was first properly established in Tabaristan (as well as Gilan and Daylam) with the advent of
1508:
594:. This was due to the long-lasting independent and semi-independent local kingdoms, ruled by the
59:
555:(a grandson of Wandad Hurmuzd) with the help of the latter's uncle Vinda-Umid ibn Vindaspagan.
524:
from the governor Jarid ibn Yazid. Tensions arose once again at the end of the reign of caliph
381:
1347:
1226:
598:. The oldest known work in Tabari, which has only survived in the Persian translation, is the
563:
1636:
1516:
1258:
366:
332:
1712:
1640:
1502:
1262:
1102:
571:
70:
8:
1799:
1498:
1309:
1080:
The Dābūyid Ispahbads and Early 'Abbāsid Governors of Tabaristān: History and Numismatics
421:
355:
251:
109:
391:) managed to safeguard his realm against the Umayyads, but after its replacement by the
1603:
1486:
1236:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods
1196:
1154:
1058:
653:
442:
416:
343:
35:
342:(a district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan) in 665, thus forming the
1776:
1768:
1743:
1718:
1694:
1646:
1622:
1585:
1571:
1534:
1520:
1490:
1476:
1388:
1365:
1331:
1323:
1268:
1244:
1211:
1120:
1106:
1084:
1048:
520:
friendly for a period. Wandad Hurmuzd bought considerable amounts of land outside of
477:
433:
412:
408:
392:
1607:
1380:
1468:
1343:
1184:
1146:
615:
508:
455:
425:
339:
328:
165:
50:
1764:
1319:
1355:
1351:
1234:
1230:
1180:
1110:
1078:
620:
551:), after succeeding his father sometime before 817, expelled the Qarinvand ruler
525:
266:
134:
1283:
1679:
1667:
1595:
1556:
1548:
1538:
1188:
1098:
1040:
481:
161:
112:, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th-century onwards.
87:
1472:
1357:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
38:. The borders represent the traditional geographical boundaries of each region
1793:
1780:
1675:
1335:
1150:
1134:
307:
246:
169:
1062:
600:
590:. The writing tradition of the language is approximately as old as that of
370:
347:
297:
1103:"The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)"
608:
591:
548:
270:
101:
1158:
521:
473:
365:) successfully contained a large-scale invasion by the Umayyad general
181:
138:
1112:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods
1452:. Lancaster and London: Classical Numismatic Group. pp. 101–126.
539:
492:
450:
351:
149:
1459:
1445:
1431:
1227:"Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy"
692:
1137:(2004). "Māzandarān: Language and People (The State of Research)".
641:
624:
579:
503:
323:
212:
1512:
544:
513:
192:
130:
480:, had attempted to build towns and befriend the Qarinvand ruler
716:
637:
552:
429:
286:
157:
126:
1450:
Iranian Numismatic Studies. A Volume in Honor of Stephen Album
984:
982:
980:
784:
782:
1387:. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 747–753.
830:
587:
335:, which had resulted in the collapse of the Sasanian Empire.
223:
203:
153:
893:
202:), who removed the dynasty from power and appointed his son
92:
977:
953:
941:
842:
779:
567:
Silver gilt dish produced in Tabaristan, 7th or 8th-century
208:
175:
105:
745:
743:
728:
81:
1288:
Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VII, online edition, Fasc. 4
905:
929:
917:
881:
871:
869:
854:
740:
636:
background, with traditional Iranian festivals such as
1533:
1408:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, online edition, Fasc. 5
965:
794:
698:
1018:
1006:
994:
704:
680:
64:
866:
818:
806:
395:, he was finally defeated in 760 by Abbasid general
301:
281:
173:
755:
1758:
1661:
1589:
1542:
1458:
1430:
1313:
1174:
670:
668:
453:(died 923), the author of the Qur'anic commentary
164:kingdom of king Gushnasp, who is mentioned in the
767:
108:. It corresponded to the present-day province of
1791:
1047:. Princeton University Press. pp. 230–242.
611:in the late 10th-century or early 11th-century.
1076:
899:
836:
665:
582:; on the other side the inhabitants spoke the "
1281:
1257:
988:
722:
1635:
1504:The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran Vol. 9
1043:(2015). "Chapter XV. Gīlān And Māzandarān".
734:
338:His son Baduspan I was granted control over
1282:Felix, Wolfgang; Madelung, Wilferd (1995).
100:), was a mountainous region located on the
1685:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1613:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1562:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1420:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1308:
1300:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1202:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
800:
1264:The Rise of Islam: The Idea of Iran Vol 4
1584:
1497:
1401:
1378:
1342:
1097:
1039:
959:
947:
935:
923:
887:
848:
788:
562:
538:Harun al-Rashid, who was at the city of
420:
245:
29:
1739:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
1693:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 68–70.
1224:
1133:
971:
710:
686:
14:
1792:
1756:
1707:
1659:
1460:"Sasanian Coins from Amul, Tabaristan"
1385:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7
1348:"The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran"
1024:
1012:
1000:
860:
773:
1456:
1443:
1432:"The Dabuyid Ispahbads of Tabaristan"
1428:
1172:
911:
875:
824:
812:
761:
749:
436:'s governorship of Tabaristan, 770/71
168:. He submitted to the first Sasanian
1731:
699:Minorsky, Bosworth & Vasmer 1991
674:
74:
1742:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
644:continuing to exist in Tabaristan.
129:, who had been deported there from
54:
24:
120:
25:
1836:
466:History of the Prophets and Kings
402:
1767:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
1322:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
369:. Farrukhan's son and successor
91:
34:Map of northern Iran during the
1448:. In Faghfoury, Mostafa (ed.).
1437:The American Numismatic Society
1045:An Historical Geography of Iran
530:
497:
486:
386:
375:
360:
312:
291:
280:), who was a great-grandson of
275:
256:
241:
228:
217:
197:
186:
143:
125:Tabaristan was named after the
1805:History of Mazandaran province
1775:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1736:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1330:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
321:(shah of Padishkhwargar) and "
236:
13:
1:
1410:. New York. pp. 541–544.
1290:. New York. pp. 342–347.
1225:Brunner, Christopher (1983).
659:
459:and the historical chronicle
1825:Historical geography of Iran
1083:. Royal Numismatic Society.
449:were from the city, such as
354:. In 716, the Dabuyid ruler
231: 630–630, 631–632
200: 488–496, 498–531
82:
7:
1465:Ancient Iranian Numismatics
1457:Malek, Hodge Mehdi (2020).
1444:Malek, Hodge Mehdi (2017).
1429:Malek, Hodge Mehdi (1995).
647:
461:Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk
65:
10:
1841:
1810:Historical regions of Iran
1402:Madelung, Wilfred (1993).
1362:Cambridge University Press
1241:Cambridge University Press
1117:Cambridge University Press
1033:
604:, written by the Bavandid
558:
406:
115:
1541:& Vasmer, R. (1991).
1473:10.1163/9789004460720_009
1381:"ĀL-E BĀVAND (BAVANDIDS)"
1261:; Stewart, Sarah (2009).
989:Curtis & Stewart 2009
723:Felix & Madelung 1995
152:, the region, along with
27:Historical region of Iran
1173:Blois, F. C. de (2000).
1151:10.1163/1573384043076045
1077:Malek, Hodge M. (2004).
300:, requested the aid of (
148:). At the advent of the
1757:Yavari, Neguin (2020).
1621:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1570:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1509:University of Cambridge
1210:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1139:Iran & the Caucasus
476:. The second governor,
302:
282:
222:), whilst the last was
174:
1773:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1637:Pourshariati, Parvaneh
1328:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1259:Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh
568:
437:
262:
189: 224–242 AD
146: 176–171 BC
39:
1517:Bloomsbury Publishing
1379:Madelung, W. (1984).
1166:registration required
1070:registration required
566:
424:
407:Further information:
367:Yazid ibn al-Muhallab
333:Arab invasion of Iran
249:
33:
1732:Webb, Peter (2018).
1364:. pp. 198–249.
1310:Ghereghlou, Kioumars
1243:. pp. 747–778.
900:Malek, Hodge M. 2004
837:Malek, Hodge M. 2004
397:Abu al-Khaṣīb Marzuq
1660:Rekaya, M. (1986).
962:, pp. 747–753.
950:, pp. 202–204.
914:, pp. 105–107.
851:, pp. 200–201.
791:, pp. 541–544.
752:, pp. 101–102.
725:, pp. 342–347.
356:Farrukhan the Great
252:Farrukhan the Great
1820:Historical regions
1763:. In Fleet, Kate;
1318:. In Fleet, Kate;
1119:. pp. 1–201.
1107:Boyle, John Andrew
654:Mazanderani people
569:
451:Muhammad ibn Jarir
438:
417:Anarchy at Samarra
344:Baduspanid dynasty
263:
160:, was part of the
104:coast of northern
86:, ultimately from
40:
36:Iranian Intermezzo
18:History of Tapuria
1815:Caspian Sea basin
1749:978-0-19-866277-8
1724:978-90-04-28209-4
1717:. Leiden: Brill.
1700:978-90-04-07819-2
1652:978-1-84511-645-3
1628:978-90-04-09834-3
1577:978-90-04-08112-3
1499:Melville, Charles
1416:cite encyclopedia
1296:cite encyclopedia
1217:978-90-04-11211-7
1090:978-0-901405-83-8
863:, pp. 68–70.
735:Pourshariati 2008
478:Khalid ibn Barmak
434:Khalid ibn Barmak
413:Abbasid Caliphate
409:Umayyad Caliphate
393:Abbasid Caliphate
265:In the 640s, the
80:
63:
16:(Redirected from
1832:
1784:
1762:
1753:
1728:
1704:
1665:
1656:
1632:
1604:Heinrichs, W. P.
1593:
1581:
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1462:
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1434:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1398:
1375:
1352:Frye, Richard N.
1339:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1291:
1278:
1254:
1231:Yarshater, Ehsan
1221:
1197:Heinrichs, W. P.
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1130:
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1028:
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696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
534:
532:
509:Wilferd Madelung
501:
499:
490:
488:
456:Tafsir al-Tabari
390:
388:
379:
377:
364:
362:
319:Padashwārgarshāh
316:
314:
305:
295:
294: 496–498/9
293:
285:
279:
277:
260:
258:
232:
230:
221:
219:
201:
199:
190:
188:
179:
166:Letter of Tansar
147:
145:
95:
85:
79:romanized:
78:
76:
68:
58:
56:
21:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1790:
1789:
1769:Rowson, Everett
1750:
1725:
1709:Spuler, Bertold
1701:
1668:Bosworth, C. E.
1653:
1645:. I.B. Tauris.
1629:
1596:Bosworth, C. E.
1578:
1549:Bosworth, C. E.
1539:Bosworth, C. E.
1527:
1483:
1413:
1412:
1395:
1372:
1324:Rowson, Everett
1293:
1292:
1275:
1267:. I.B. Tauris.
1251:
1218:
1189:Bosworth, C. E.
1163:
1127:
1099:Bosworth, C. E.
1091:
1067:
1055:
1041:Barthold, V. V.
1036:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1007:
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987:
978:
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966:
958:
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946:
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922:
918:
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906:
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886:
882:
874:
867:
859:
855:
847:
843:
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
807:
801:Ghereghlou 2018
799:
795:
787:
780:
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768:
760:
756:
748:
741:
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729:
721:
717:
709:
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662:
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561:
529:
526:Harun al-Rashid
496:
485:
419:
405:
385:
374:
359:
311:
290:
274:
255:
244:
239:
227:
216:
196:
185:
142:
123:
121:Pre-Islamic era
118:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1786:
1785:
1765:Krämer, Gudrun
1754:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1705:
1699:
1672:van Donzel, E.
1657:
1651:
1633:
1627:
1600:van Donzel, E.
1582:
1576:
1553:van Donzel, E.
1531:
1525:
1495:
1481:
1454:
1441:
1426:
1399:
1393:
1376:
1370:
1340:
1320:Krämer, Gudrun
1306:
1279:
1274:978-1845116910
1273:
1255:
1249:
1222:
1216:
1193:van Donzel, E.
1181:Bearman, P. J.
1170:
1145:(2): 289–328.
1135:Borjian, Habib
1131:
1125:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1053:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1027:, p. 223.
1017:
1015:, p. 509.
1005:
1003:, p. 201.
993:
976:
974:, p. 291.
964:
952:
940:
938:, p. 202.
928:
926:, p. 200.
916:
904:
892:
890:, p. 239.
880:
878:, p. 106.
865:
853:
841:
829:
827:, p. 105.
817:
815:, p. 104.
805:
793:
778:
766:
764:, p. 162.
754:
739:
737:, p. 288.
727:
715:
713:, p. 765.
703:
701:, p. 935.
691:
689:, p. 766.
679:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
649:
646:
621:Pahlavi script
560:
557:
533: 786–809
500: 772–817
489: 765–809
482:Wandad Hurmuzd
432:minted during
426:Sasanian-style
404:
403:Caliphate rule
401:
389: 740–760
378: 720–740
363: 712–728
315: 632–651
278: 642–660
259: 712–728
243:
240:
238:
235:
220: 420–438
162:Padishkhwargar
122:
119:
117:
114:
88:Middle Persian
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1837:
1826:
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1482:9789004460720
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1396:
1394:90-04-08114-3
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1371:0-521-20093-8
1367:
1363:
1360:. Cambridge:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1315:"Bādūsbānids"
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1265:
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1256:
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1250:0-521-24693-8
1246:
1242:
1239:. Cambridge:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Bianquis, Th.
1182:
1177:
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1167:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:0-521-06936-X
1122:
1118:
1115:. Cambridge:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1060:
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1054:9781400853229
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
991:, p. 32.
990:
985:
983:
981:
973:
968:
961:
960:Madelung 1984
956:
949:
948:Madelung 1975
944:
937:
936:Madelung 1975
932:
925:
924:Madelung 1975
920:
913:
908:
901:
896:
889:
888:Barthold 2015
884:
877:
872:
870:
862:
857:
850:
849:Madelung 1975
845:
839:, p. 14.
838:
833:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
790:
789:Madelung 1993
785:
783:
775:
770:
763:
758:
751:
746:
744:
736:
731:
724:
719:
712:
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683:
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671:
669:
664:
655:
652:
651:
645:
643:
639:
633:
630:
626:
622:
617:
616:Zaydi Shi'ism
612:
610:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
556:
554:
550:
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541:
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309:
308:Yazdegerd III
304:
299:
288:
284:
272:
268:
253:
248:
234:
225:
214:
210:
205:
194:
183:
178:
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171:
170:King of Kings
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
140:
136:
132:
128:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
89:
84:
72:
67:
61:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
1787:
1772:
1737:
1734:"Tabarestan"
1713:
1690:
1683:
1641:
1618:
1617:Volume VIII:
1611:
1586:Minorsky, V.
1567:
1560:
1544:"Māzandarān"
1535:Minorsky, V.
1503:
1464:
1449:
1436:
1407:
1384:
1356:
1344:Madelung, W.
1327:
1287:
1284:"Deylamites"
1263:
1235:
1207:
1200:
1142:
1138:
1111:
1079:
1044:
1020:
1008:
996:
972:Borjian 2004
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
907:
902:, p. 5.
895:
883:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
769:
757:
730:
718:
711:Brunner 1983
706:
694:
687:Brunner 1983
682:
634:
628:
613:
605:
601:Marzban-nama
599:
595:
583:
575:
570:
537:
518:
471:
464:
460:
454:
446:
441:
439:
428:silver half-
371:Dadhburzmihr
348:Qarinvandids
337:
322:
318:
298:Adhar Valash
264:
242:Dabuyid rule
124:
98:Tapur(i)stān
97:
46:
42:
41:
1680:Pellat, Ch.
1608:Lecomte, G.
1557:Pellat, Ch.
1467:: 157–191.
1063:j.ctt7zvv3z
1025:Spuler 2014
1013:Spuler 2014
1001:Spuler 2014
861:Rekaya 1986
774:Yavari 2020
609:al-Marzuban
592:New Persian
572:Mazandarani
549:Shahriyar I
271:Gil Gavbara
237:Islamic era
71:Mazanderani
1800:Tabaristan
1794:Categories
1760:"Dābūyids"
1663:"Khurshīd"
1566:Volume VI:
1439:: 105–160.
1404:"Dabuyids"
912:Malek 2017
876:Malek 2017
825:Malek 2017
813:Malek 2017
762:Malek 2020
750:Malek 2017
660:References
303:shahanshah
283:shahanshah
182:Ardashir I
176:shahanshah
139:Phraates I
110:Mazandaran
83:Tabarestun
66:Ṭabarestān
47:Tabarestan
43:Tabaristan
1781:1873-9830
1689:Volume V:
1676:Lewis, B.
1491:241393278
1336:1873-9830
1206:Volume X:
675:Webb 2018
629:ispahbads
596:ispahbads
493:Sharwin I
447:al-Tabari
352:Bavandids
150:Sasanians
127:Tapurians
60:romanized
1771:(eds.).
1711:(2014).
1691:Khe–Mahi
1682:(eds.).
1639:(2008).
1610:(eds.).
1588:(1995).
1568:Mahk–Mid
1559:(eds.).
1501:(2020).
1346:(1975).
1326:(eds.).
1312:(2018).
1199:(eds.).
1176:"Tansar"
1101:(1968).
648:See also
642:Mehregan
625:lapidary
606:ispahbad
580:Tammisha
504:al-Mahdi
382:Khurshid
329:Khorasan
324:Ispahbad
250:Coin of
213:Bahram V
135:Parthian
1619:Ned–Sam
1591:"Rūyān"
1513:English
1354:(ed.).
1233:(ed.).
1159:4030997
1109:(ed.).
1034:Sources
559:Culture
545:Baghdad
269:prince
267:Dabuyid
193:Kavad I
133:by the
131:Parthia
116:History
102:Caspian
75:تبرستون
62::
55:طبرستان
51:Persian
1779:
1746:
1721:
1697:
1678:&
1649:
1625:
1606:&
1574:
1555:&
1523:
1489:
1479:
1391:
1368:
1334:
1271:
1247:
1214:
1195:&
1157:
1123:
1087:
1061:
1051:
638:Nowruz
584:lotara
576:Tabari
553:Mazyar
430:dirham
415:, and
287:Jamasp
158:Daylam
1666:. In
1594:. In
1547:. In
1487:S2CID
1350:. In
1229:. In
1179:. In
1155:JSTOR
1105:. In
1059:JSTOR
588:Malat
443:nisba
340:Ruyan
224:Boran
204:Kawus
154:Gilan
137:king
69:, or
1777:ISSN
1744:ISBN
1719:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1422:link
1389:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1332:ISSN
1302:link
1269:ISBN
1245:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1049:ISBN
640:and
623:for
522:Sari
514:Musa
474:Sari
350:and
209:Amul
156:and
106:Iran
1469:doi
1208:T–U
1147:doi
540:Ray
469:).
327:of
233:).
45:or
1796::
1687:.
1674:;
1670:;
1602:;
1598:;
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1551:;
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1511:,
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1631:.
1615:.
1580:.
1529:.
1493:.
1471::
1424:)
1397:.
1374:.
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1277:.
1253:.
1220:.
1168:)
1164:(
1161:.
1149::
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