2309:
194:
2928:
2260:
4085:
3639:
4407:
3955:
2241:
2279:
3687:
region, the sultanate was subdued and a majority of kotas dismantled or destroyed. kotas were not only used by the
Muslims as defense against Spaniards and other foreigners, renegades and rebels also built fortifications in defiance of other chiefs in the area. During the American occupation, rebels built strongholds and the datus, rajahs, or sultans often built and reinforced their kotas in a desperate bid to maintain rule over their subjects and their land. Many of these forts were also destroyed by American expeditions, as a result, very very few kotas still stand to this day.
2297:
4684:
3259:
3330:
3742:
3909:
2806:
10744:
7935:
2703:
3157:
4197:
2870:
2613:
5914:
4492:
4247:
3026:
2459:
69:
2913:. Casemate walls could surround an entire settlement, but most only protected part of it. The three different types included freestanding casemate walls, then integrated ones where the inner wall was part of the outer buildings of the settlement, and finally filled casemate walls, where the rooms between the walls were filled with soil right away, allowing for a quick, but nevertheless stable construction of particularly high walls.
4307:
3102:. Even a small town—for instance, Kotada Bhadli, exhibiting sophisticated fortification-like bastions—shows that nearly all major and minor towns of the Indus Valley Civilization were fortified. Forts also appeared in urban cities of the Gangetic valley during the second urbanisation period between 600 and 200 BC, and as many as 15 fortification sites have been identified by archaeologists throughout the Gangetic valley, such as
10755:
4122:
2893:, having the meaning of a double wall protecting a city or fortress, with transverse walls separating the space between the walls into chambers. These could be used as such, for storage or residential purposes, or could be filled with soil and rocks during siege in order to raise the resistance of the outer wall against battering rams. Originally thought to have been introduced to the region by the
2905:. Casemate walls became a common type of fortification in the Southern Levant between the Middle Bronze Age (MB) and Iron Age II, being more numerous during the Iron Age and peaking in Iron Age II (10th–6th century BC). However, the construction of casemate walls had begun to be replaced by sturdier solid walls by the
3634:
on hills and elevated areas to protect themselves during times of war. These fortifications were likened to
European castles because of their purpose. Usually, the only entrance to the castles would be via a rope ladder that would only be lowered for the villagers and could be kept away when invaders
2576:
There is also an intermediate branch known as semi-permanent fortification. This is employed when in the course of a campaign it becomes desirable to protect some locality with the best imitation of permanent defences that can be made in a short time, ample resources and skilled civilian labour being
4510:
In addition, since in theory the defensive line only had to hold out long enough for mobile reserves to reinforce it, terrain that did not permit rapid advance could be held more weakly because the enemy's advance into it would be slower, giving the defenders more time to reinforce that point in the
4445:
The strength of the defensive line in an area varied according to how rapidly an attacking force could progress in the terrain that was being defended—both the terrain the defensive line was built on and the ground behind it that an attacker might hope to break out into. This was both for reasons of
3677:
to protect their communities. Usually, many of the occupants of these kotas are entire families rather than just warriors. Lords often had their own kotas to assert their right to rule, it served not only as a military installation but as a palace for the local Lord. It is said that at the height of
4242:
by a gently sloping open area so as to eliminate possible cover for enemy forces, while the fort itself provided a minimal target for enemy fire. The entrypoint became a sunken gatehouse in the inner face of the ditch, reached by a curving ramp that gave access to the gate via a rolling bridge that
3879:
to block
British advances. Some of these fortifications were over a hundred yards long, with heavy parallel tree trunks. They were impervious to destruction by artillery fire. Behind these stockades, numerous Ashanti soldiers were mobilized to check enemy movement. While formidable in construction,
4297:
Traditional fortification however continued to be applied by
European armies engaged in warfare in colonies established in Africa against lightly armed attackers from amongst the indigenous population. A relatively small number of defenders in a fort impervious to primitive weaponry could hold out
4289:
The new forts abandoned the principle of the bastion, which had also been made obsolete by advances in arms. The outline was a much-simplified polygon, surrounded by a ditch. These forts, built in masonry and shaped stone, were designed to shelter their garrison against bombardment. One organizing
2677:
to protect against invaders from neighbouring territories, as well as circle-shaped mud brick walls around their cities. Many of the fortifications of the ancient world were built with mud brick, often leaving them no more than mounds of dirt for today's archaeologists. A massive prehistoric stone
4598:
stores closer to the aircraft. At Bien Hoa South
Vietnam on the morning of 16 May 1965, as aircraft were being re-fuelled and armed, a chain reaction explosion destroyed 13 aircraft, killed 34 personnel, and injured over 100; this, along with damage and losses of aircraft to enemy attack (by both
4285:
Gone were citadels surrounding towns: forts were to be moved to the outside of the cities some 12 km to keep the enemy at a distance so their artillery could not bombard the city center. From now on a ring of forts were to be built at a spacing that would allow them to effectively cover the
2519:
Many United States Army installations are known as forts, although they are not always fortified. During the pioneering era of North
America, many outposts on the frontiers, even non-military outposts, were referred to generically as forts. Larger military installations may be called fortresses;
4610:
Aircrew and ground personnel will need protection during enemy attacks and fortifications range from culvert section "duck and cover" shelters to permanent air-raid shelters. Soft locations with high personnel densities such as accommodation and messing facilities can have limited protection by
3880:
many of these strongpoints failed because
Ashanti guns, gunpowder and bullets were poor, and provided little sustained killing power in defense. Time and time again British troops overcame or bypassed the stockades by mounting old-fashioned bayonet charges, after laying down some covering fire.
3854:
for example had several sites surrounded by the full range of earthworks and ramparts seen elsewhere, and sited on ground. This improved defensive potential—such as hills and ridges. Yoruba fortifications were often protected with a double wall of trenches and ramparts, and in the Congo forests
3686:
with kotas and other fortifications to block the
Spanish advance into the region. These kotas were usually made of stone and bamboo or other light materials and surrounded by trench networks. As a result, some of these kotas were burned easily or destroyed. With further Spanish campaigns in the
4385:
The second weakness of permanent fortification was its very permanency. Because of this, it was often easier to go around a fortification and, with the rise of mobile warfare in the beginning of World War II, this became a viable offensive choice. When a defensive line was too extensive to be
2650:
starting from 4700 BC had a diameter of about 300 feet (91 m), was home to 350 people living in two-storey houses, and was encircled by a fortified wall. The huge walls around the settlement, which were built very tall and with stone blocks which are 6 feet (1.8 m) high and 4.5 feet
4361:
The ever-escalating power, speed, and reach of artillery and airpower meant that almost any target that could be located could be destroyed if sufficient force were massed against it. As such, the more resources a defender devoted to reinforcing a fortification, the more combat power that
4703:
However, there are some modern fortifications that are referred to as forts. These are typically small semi-permanent fortifications. In urban combat, they are built by upgrading existing structures such as houses or public buildings. In field warfare they are often log, sandbag or
3282:, Sri Lanka was occupied by several major colonial empires that from time to time became the dominant power in the Indian Ocean. The colonists built several western-style forts, mostly in and around the coast of the island. The first to build colonial forts in Sri Lanka were the
3306:
during the two world wars. Most of these were abandoned by the military but retained civil administrative officers, while others retained military garrisons, which were more administrative than operational. Some were reoccupied by military units with the escalation of the
4622:
Fuel is volatile and has to comply with rules for storage which provide protection against accidents. Fuel in underground bulk fuel installations is well protected though valves and controls are vulnerable to enemy action. Above-ground tanks can be susceptible to attack.
4699:
Forts in modern
American usage often refer to space set aside by governments for a permanent military facility; these often do not have any actual fortifications, and can have specializations (military barracks, administration, medical facilities, or intelligence).
4096:
The evolution of this new style of fortification can be seen in transitional forts such as
Sarzanello in North West Italy which was built between 1492 and 1502. Sarzanello consists of both crenellated walls with towers typical of the medieval period but also has a
2737:
did not have walls for a long time, choosing to rely on their militaries for defence instead. Initially, these fortifications were simple constructions of wood and earth, which were later replaced by mixed constructions of stones piled on top of each other without
4386:
entirely bypassed, massive offensive might could be massed against one part of the line allowing a breakthrough, after which the rest of the line could be bypassed. Such was the fate of the many defensive lines built before and during World War II, such as the
4046:
2361:
or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as a border guard rather than a real strongpoint to watch and maintain the border.
4468:
Thus the defensive line could be relatively thin because the bulk of the fighting power of the defenders was not concentrated in the line itself but rather in the mobile reserves. A notable exception to this rule was seen in the defensive lines at the
4430:
If sufficient power were massed against one point to penetrate it, the forces based there could be withdrawn and the line could be re-established relatively quickly. Instead of a supposedly impenetrable defensive line, such fortifications emphasized
2561:—and often known as fieldworks or earthworks, are extemporized by troops in the field, perhaps assisted by such local labour and tools as may be procurable and with materials that do not require much preparation, such as soil, brushwood, and light
4739:, and other such facilities. Those are covered in other articles, as most prisons and concentration camps are not primarily military forts (although forts, camps, and garrison towns have been used as prisons and/or concentration camps; such as
4895:
2432:
did not fare well against the effects of high explosives, and the intricate arrangements of bastions, flanking batteries and the carefully constructed lines of fire for the defending cannon could be rapidly disrupted by explosive shells.
4192:
did not fare well against the effects of high explosives and the intricate arrangements of bastions, flanking batteries and the carefully constructed lines of fire for the defending cannon could be rapidly disrupted by explosive shells.
4227:
style of fortification. The ditch became deep and vertically sided, cut directly into the native rock or soil, laid out as a series of straight lines creating the central fortified area that gives this style of fortification its name.
4615:, T Barriers or Splinter Protection Units (SPUs). Older fortification may prove useful such as the old 'Yugo' pyramid shelters built in the 1980s which were used by US personnel on 8 Jan 2020 when Iran fired 11 ballistic missiles at
4593:
Munition storage follows safety rules which use fortifications (bunkers and bunds) to provide protection against accident and chain reactions (sympathetic detonations). Weapons for rearming aircraft can be stored in small fortified
3993:. These cities are easy to recognise due to their regular layout and large market spaces. The fortifications of these settlements were continuously improved to reflect the current level of military development. During the
4117:
Fortifications also extended in depth, with protected batteries for defensive cannonry, to allow them to engage attacking cannons to keep them at a distance and prevent them from bearing directly on the vulnerable walls.
4109:
in 1522 so that Rhodes is the only European walled town that still shows the transition between the classical medieval fortification and the modern ones. A manual about the construction of fortification was published by
2552:
Fortification is usually divided into two branches: permanent fortification and field fortification. Permanent fortifications are erected at leisure, with all the resources that a state can supply of constructive and
2851:. It reached its largest extent during the late La Tène period (late 2nd century BC), when it had a size of 380 hectares. At that time, 5,000 to 10,000 people lived within its 7.2 km long walls. The oppidum of
4349:
are still able to provide some protection in modern wars. Many historical fortifications were demolished during the modern age, but a considerable number survive as popular tourist destinations and prominent local
2844:(German: Oppidum von Manching) was a large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day Manching (near Ingolstadt), Bavaria (Germany). The settlement was founded in the 3rd century BC and existed until
3839:(present day Sudan) was encompassed by fortified walls surrounded by a ditch. Archaeology has revealed various Bronze Age bastions and foundations constructed of stone together with either baked or unfired brick.
3474:. The historic city was home to centuries-old churches, schools, convents, government buildings and residences, the best collection of Spanish colonial architecture before much of it was destroyed by the bombs of
4426:
which dominated World War I, these defences were more temporary in nature. This was an advantage because since it was less extensive it formed a less obvious target for enemy force to be directed against.
3077:
were clustered behind massive stone flood dykes and defensive walls, for neighbouring communities bickered constantly about the control of prime agricultural land. The fortification varies by site. While
3887:
field fortifications were characterized by trenches and low earthen embankments. Such strongpoints ironically, sometimes held up much better against European cannon than taller, more imposing structures.
2801:
wall approximately 4 metres tall, probably topped by a roofed walkway, thus reaching a total height of 6 metres. The wall was clad with lime plaster, regularly renewed. Towers protruded outwards from it.
3859:
and paths, along with the main works, often bristled with rows of sharpened stakes. Inner defenses were laid out to blunt an enemy penetration with a maze of defensive walls allowing for entrapment and
4571:
by ground forces, stand-off attacks (mortars and rockets), air attacks, or ballistic missiles. Key targets—aircraft, munitions, fuel, and vital technical personnel—can be protected by fortifications.
3789:
derailed the negotiations, and broke up the confederacy against him. The well-organized defenders, the sinking of confederate morale, and poor weather conditions caused the siege to end in a fiasco.
2421:
that would absorb and disperse the energy of cannon fire. Walls exposed to direct cannon fire were very vulnerable, so the walls were sunk into ditches fronted by earth slopes to improve protection.
4290:
feature of the new system involved the construction of two defensive curtains: an outer line of forts, backed by an inner ring or line at critical points of terrain or junctions (see, for example,
8376:
5541:
2623:
Defensive fences for protecting humans and domestic animals against predators was used long before the appearance of writing and began "perhaps with primitive man blocking the entrances of his
4465:
behind the defensive line. If a major offensive was launched against a point in the line, mobile reinforcements would be sent to reinforce that part of the line that was in danger of failing.
4530:) became major defenses and offensive weapons (leading to an expansion of the use of airports and airstrips as fortifications). Mobile defenses could be had underwater, too, in the form of
4488:
that tanks could move over quickly made possible rapid advances into the defenders' rear areas that were very dangerous to the defenders. Thus such terrain had to be defended at all costs.
7329:
3850:. The walls may have been constructed between the thirteenth and mid-fifteenth century CE or, during the first millennium CE. Strong citadels were also built other in areas of Africa.
2642:
in western Siberia has been described by archaeologists as one of the oldest known fortified settlements, as well as the northernmost Stone Age fort. In Bulgaria, near the town of
5040:
2369:. Fortification is usually divided into two branches: permanent fortification and field fortification. There is also an intermediate branch known as semi-permanent fortification.
5926:
4647:
Just as in colonial periods, comparatively obsolete fortifications are still used for low-intensity conflicts. Such fortifications range in size from small patrol bases or
3951:. From the 12th century, hundreds of settlements of all sizes were founded all across Europe, which very often obtained the right of fortification soon afterward.
4231:
Wide enough to be an impassable barrier for attacking troops, but narrow enough to be a difficult target for enemy shellfire, the ditch was swept by fire from defensive
4101:
like angular gun platform screening one of the curtain walls which is protected from flanking fire from the towers of the main part of the fort. Another example is the
8361:
4074:
that would absorb and disperse the energy of cannon fire. Walls exposed to direct cannon fire were very vulnerable, so were sunk into ditches fronted by earth slopes.
3947:
saw the creation of some towns built around castles. These cities were only rarely protected by simple stone walls and more usually by a combination of both walls and
4675:
or even simple mud can provide protection against small arms and anti-tank weapons—although such fortifications are still vulnerable to mortar and artillery fire.
4667:. Much like in the 18th and 19th century, because the enemy is not a powerful military force with the heavy weaponry required to destroy fortifications, walls of
10550:
4449:
This was possible because while offensive tactics were focused on mobility, so were defensive tactics. The dug-in defences consisted primarily of infantry and
3134:
brick fortification occurs in one of the stupa mounds of Lauria Nandangarh, which is 1.6 km in perimeter and oval in plan and encloses a habitation area.
5843:
5511:
4522:
capable of reaching much of the way around the world were developed, so speed became an essential characteristic of the strongest militaries and defenses.
4633:
fortifications. Prefabricated positions can be made from concrete culvert sections. The British Yarnold Bunker is made from sections of a concrete pipe.
5537:
4723:. The reason for this is that static above-ground forts cannot survive modern direct or indirect fire weapons larger than mortars, RPGs and small arms.
3453:
2520:
smaller ones were once known as fortalices. The word fortification can refer to the practice of improving an area's defense with defensive works. City
5470:
4216:
Worse, the large open ditches surrounding forts of this type were an integral part of the defensive scheme, as was the covered way at the edge of the
3278:
date back thousands of years, with many being built by Sri Lankan kings. These include several walled cities. With the outset of colonial rule in the
4711:
Such forts are typically only used in low-level conflicts, such as counterinsurgency conflicts or very low-level conventional conflicts, such as the
4442:, these defences were usually relatively thin and spread along the length of a line. The defence was usually not equally strong throughout, however.
8713:
4989:
4081:
of the fortification to allow defensive cannonry interlocking fields of fire to cover all approaches to the lower and thus more vulnerable walls.
2686:. Named the "Great Wall of Brodgar" it was 4 metres (13 ft) thick and 4 metres tall. The wall had some symbolic or ritualistic function. The
8903:
4515:
in Germany during the closing stages of World War II is an excellent example of how difficult terrain could be used to the defenders' advantage.
4556:
along borders are arguably another type of fortification, although a passive kind, providing a buffer between potentially hostile militaries.
9617:
9148:
4402:; it was designed to force the Germans to invade other countries (Belgium or Switzerland) to go around it, and was successful in that sense.
2365:
The art of setting out a military camp or constructing a fortification traditionally has been called "castrametation" since the time of the
4526:
were developed, so missiles could be fired from the middle of a country and hit cities and targets in another country, and airplanes (and
5711:
Ogundiran, Akinwumi (June 2005). "Four Millennia of Cultural History in Nigeria (ca. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1900): Archaeological Perspectives".
5619:
3711:: Literally translates to "stone fort" the first known stone fortification in the country, its ruins exist as the "Kutawato Cave Complex"
2922:
5935:
5036:
4362:
fortification justified being devoted to destroying it, if the fortification's destruction was demanded by an attacker's strategy. From
10622:
8414:
5304:
4875:. Wade, Dale A., "THE USE OF FENCES FOR PREDATOR DAMAGE CONTROL" (1982). Proceedings of the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (1982). 47
3662:
built forts made of stone walls that averaged several meters in width and about two to three times the width in height around 2000 BC.
3781:) useless, locking the two sides in a stalemate. Hoping to make several attacks at once, the confederates persuaded the Medina-allied
8908:
4894:
Piezonka, Henny; Chairkina, Natalya; Dubovtseva, Ekaterina; Kosinskaya, Lyubov; Meadows, John; Schreiber, Tanja (December 1, 2023).
4337:
in most situations. In the 1930s and 1940s, some fortifications were built with designs taking into consideration the new threat of
2308:
10559:
10237:
8371:
6042:
4503:
1137:
17:
5014:
3973:. Construction beginning in 1612, these were the first stone fortifications, with the first coastal artillery batteries, built by
8366:
5113:
4435:, so that as defenders were forced to pull back or were overrun, the lines of defenders behind them could take over the defence.
1569:
2587:
are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a
9593:
7972:
7145:
3962:
3244:, the Indian treatise on military strategy describes six major types of forts differentiated by their major modes of defenses.
5773:
The Ashanti campaign of 1900, (1908) By Sir Cecil Hamilton Armitage, Arthur Forbes Montanaro, (1901) Sands and Co. pp. 130–131
5066:
5874:
5658:
5613:
5586:
5437:
5405:
4964:
4896:"The world's oldest-known promontory fort: Amnya and the acceleration of hunter-gatherer diversity in Siberia 8000 years ago"
4274:
and machine rooms deep under the surface. The guns, however, were often mounted in open emplacements and protected only by a
3846:
are described as the world's second longest man-made structure, as well as the most extensive earthwork in the world, by the
2373:
are fortifications which are regarded as being distinct from the generic fort or fortress in that they are a residence of a
2324:
have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the
133:
8545:
5795:
4712:
4695:, Dominican Republic is recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.
4535:
3527:
5131:
105:
10697:
9192:
9143:
7739:
7434:
5163:
2581:
and in other Roman territories where camps were set up with the intention of staying for some time, but not permanently.
2570:
1925:
193:
4550:
have been used as hidden defences in modern warfare, often remaining long after the wars that produced them have ended.
10509:
9123:
9118:
8867:
8523:
4519:
2651:(1.4 m) thick, make it one of the earliest walled settlements in Europe but it is younger than the walled town of
2120:
1898:
508:
4590:
which will protect from many types of attack. Larger aircraft types tend to be based outside the operational theatre.
2346:
7554:
7339:
5357:
5288:
5096:
4092:, 1728. The development of bastion forts resulted from the increased use of cannons and firearms in the 14th century.
2506:
1574:
152:
112:
4538:. Some bunkers in the mid to late 20th century came to be buried deep inside mountains and prominent rocks, such as
2488:
10719:
5823:. Rhodes: Ministry of Culture – Works supervision committee for the monuments of the medieval town of Rhodes. 2001.
5305:"Agressive Architecture: Fortifications of the Indus Valley in the Mature Harappan phase | Student Repository"
4329:
fortifications were common during the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, the advances in modern warfare since
3966:
3721:. When it was occupied by the Spaniards in the 1870s they converted the kota into the world's smallest walled city.
1652:
5835:
5515:
4021:
used to build smaller fortifications but in greater numbers, and only rarely fortified entire settlements such as
2927:
10794:
9639:
8535:
8216:
7764:
6005:
5494:
4418:, bombs designed to penetrate hardened targets buried underground, led to a decline in the use of fortifications.
3736:
3623:
1997:
1635:
1422:
242:
4927:
4731:
Fortifications designed to keep the inhabitants of a facility in rather than attacker out can also be found, in
4291:
3073:
floodplain. Many of these settlements had fortifications and planned streets. The stone and mud brick houses of
9558:
9003:
8456:
8407:
5987:
5683:
3749:, 627. Muslim defenders repelled the Confederates using Medina's natural fortifications and makeshift trenches.
3595:
2946:
fortified their cities with massive, mortar-bound stone walls. The most famous of these are the largely extant
2484:
2480:
2263:
1761:
119:
90:
86:
9187:
10784:
8986:
5971:
Osadolor, Osarhieme Benson, "The Military System of Benin Kingdom 1440–1897", (UD), Hamburg University: 2001
4744:
3985:
The founding of urban centres was an important means of territorial expansion and many cities, especially in
3478:. Of all the buildings within the 67-acre city, only one building, the San Agustin Church, survived the war.
2244:
2178:
1625:
5452:
Luengo, Pedro. Intramuros: Arquitectura en Manila, 1739–1762. Madrid: Fundacion Universitaria Española, 2012
4629:
Permanent (concrete) guard fortifications are safer, stronger, last longer and are more cost-effective than
4438:
Because the mobile offensives practised by both sides usually focused on avoiding the strongest points of a
4017:(Croatia), which proved to be futile against attacks but still stand to this day. Unlike the Venetians, the
10731:
10441:
9697:
9298:
9249:
8671:
8540:
8381:
6987:
6525:
6035:
5462:
4512:
3851:
3420:
2259:
2115:
814:
574:
4603:
and stand-off attacks), led to the construction of revetments and shelters to protect aircraft throughout
3069:
sites exhibit evidence of fortifications. By about 3500 BC, hundreds of small farming villages dotted the
2441:
fortifications were common during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The advances in modern warfare since
101:
10541:
10446:
10219:
10121:
9588:
9438:
9008:
8877:
8725:
7324:
6405:
4626:
Ground support equipment will need to be protected by fortifications to be usable after an enemy attack.
3564:
3436:
2125:
1312:
1109:
980:
518:
57:
4985:
4639:
Dispersal and camouflage of assets can supplement fortifications against some forms of airfield attack.
10789:
10652:
10627:
9080:
8991:
8962:
8126:
8000:
7965:
6920:
4006:
3577:
3416:
3341:. The Great Wall was a series of fortifications built across the historical northern borders of China.
3267:
2558:
2301:
1589:
42:
5239:
2897:, this has been disproved by the discovery of examples predating their arrival, the earliest being at
10292:
9800:
9677:
9138:
9128:
9106:
8974:
8920:
8778:
8735:
8400:
8206:
8086:
7369:
4583:
4543:
4495:
3303:
3066:
3016:
2527:
The art of setting out a military camp or constructing a fortification traditionally has been called
2325:
1699:
1207:
551:
425:
259:
53:
6994:
5972:
4318:, the buildings were placed at a distance from each other, making it difficult to find from the air.
4047:
Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar
3638:
3298:. Most of the colonial forts were garrisoned up until the early 20th century. The coastal forts had
10575:
10466:
10421:
10181:
10064:
9455:
9428:
9408:
9290:
9182:
9170:
9165:
7866:
6944:
4406:
4212:
ditches and counter scarps made to be very deep, vertically sided, and cut directly into the rocks.
4111:
4102:
4068:
3679:
3583:
3515:
3491:
3324:
2469:
2415:
2150:
2017:
1564:
1257:
1070:
918:
2595:
and commands a specific defensive territory. An example of this is the massive medieval castle of
10779:
10712:
10398:
8882:
8651:
8557:
8136:
7913:
7688:
7394:
7389:
7309:
7106:
7053:
7023:
6780:
6710:
6654:
6231:
6028:
5574:
5564:
5321:
Barba, Federica (2004). "The Fortified Cities of the Ganges Plain in the First Millennium B.C.".
4720:
4071:
2473:
2418:
2103:
2085:
1841:
1400:
1322:
1267:
1147:
860:
523:
402:
79:
5234:
4084:
10687:
10069:
9922:
9605:
9553:
9540:
9423:
9374:
9347:
9155:
8950:
8795:
8641:
8496:
8226:
7938:
7754:
7344:
7241:
7126:
6310:
4648:
4506:. Cheyenne Mountain is an example of a mid-20th century fortification built deep in a mountain.
4026:
3954:
3897:
3786:
3020:
3012:
2993:
2566:
2554:
1970:
1945:
1667:
1579:
1452:
1327:
923:
900:
326:
225:
5603:
3384:(221–207 BC), although its present form was mostly an engineering feat and remodelling of the
10593:
10204:
10171:
10079:
9912:
9707:
9460:
9335:
8898:
8661:
8050:
7958:
7891:
7729:
7511:
7264:
7001:
6824:
6153:
5578:
5568:
5429:
4342:
4311:
4282:
had seen them put out of action by rubble as their own casemates were collapsed around them.
4064:
3958:
3948:
3903:
3856:
3589:
3533:
3287:
2975:
2411:
2282:
1559:
1492:
1445:
1094:
1057:
1020:
938:
890:
774:
584:
377:
281:
49:
5397:
5189:
4808:
10584:
10302:
10029:
9965:
9917:
9857:
9785:
9315:
9040:
8820:
8466:
8030:
8025:
7876:
7404:
7030:
6829:
6795:
6195:
6077:
5807:
5491:
4600:
4575:
4271:
4030:
4018:
3758:
3746:
3404:
3308:
2936:
2278:
1950:
1852:
1709:
1704:
1522:
1487:
1222:
1037:
895:
831:
685:
655:
232:
126:
5281:
The Encyclopedia of World History: ancient, medieval, and modern, chronologically arranged
4235:
set in the ditch as well as firing positions cut into the outer face of the ditch itself.
2729:, where a bastion built in around 1500 BC was found. Exceptions were few—notably, ancient
2240:
8:
10759:
10194:
10151:
10046:
9832:
9822:
9770:
9672:
9662:
9612:
9583:
8957:
8578:
8573:
8461:
8191:
7693:
7429:
6785:
6163:
5208:
4900:
4736:
4568:
4473:
during World War II, where German forces deliberately attacked the strongest part of the
4254:, German fortifications built in 1893. By the 19th century, tunnels were used to connect
3459:
3412:
3408:
3400:
3377:
3334:
3184:
3046:
2910:
2841:
2296:
2271:
2267:
2252:
1801:
1786:
1662:
1549:
1527:
1502:
1462:
1372:
1182:
1082:
1032:
799:
789:
754:
546:
536:
286:
210:
4278:; both in order to keep a lower profile and also because experience with guns in closed
4238:
The profile of the fort became very low indeed, surrounded outside the ditch covered by
2391:
were the main antecedents of castles in Europe, which emerged in the 9th century in the
10461:
10277:
10189:
10156:
10022:
9997:
9897:
9882:
9867:
9827:
9795:
9667:
9518:
9477:
9266:
8708:
8501:
8153:
8035:
7815:
7424:
7399:
7384:
7379:
7229:
7209:
7006:
6567:
6434:
6178:
5728:
5330:
5167:
5010:
4849:
4611:
placing prefabricated concrete walls or barriers around them, examples of barriers are
4587:
4553:
4411:
4161:
3998:
3940:
3694:
3372:(481–221 BC), mass conversion to stone architecture did not begin in earnest until the
3253:
2549:. In some texts, this latter term also applies to the art of building a fortification.
2392:
2222:, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from
2135:
1990:
1910:
1831:
1776:
1751:
1672:
1618:
1584:
1515:
1432:
1342:
1247:
1192:
1077:
1042:
995:
870:
841:
794:
732:
707:
541:
335:
254:
31:
4567:
offer a fixed "target rich" environment for even relatively small enemy forces, using
4152:
is an excellent example. There are also extensive fortifications from this era in the
3190:
A large majority of forts in India are in North India. The most notable forts are the
2793:. The fortifications were continuously being expanded and improved. Around 600 BC, in
10692:
10602:
10282:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10229:
10161:
10131:
10111:
9760:
9702:
9525:
9386:
9278:
9254:
9244:
9199:
8915:
8872:
8815:
8740:
8506:
8315:
8262:
7871:
7830:
7805:
7678:
7359:
7199:
7046:
6632:
6510:
6188:
6131:
5983:
5870:
5732:
5679:
5654:
5609:
5582:
5433:
5401:
5353:
5284:
5092:
4841:
4564:
4531:
3944:
3793:
3766:
3718:
3503:
3396:
3320:
3299:
3283:
3127:
2981:
2725:, some settlements also began to be fortified. The most notable surviving example is
2687:
2396:
2171:
2080:
2027:
1930:
1920:
1915:
1885:
1868:
1863:
1836:
1781:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1377:
1367:
1362:
1337:
1307:
1197:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1047:
1000:
970:
809:
602:
579:
513:
10411:
2140:
10532:
10500:
10436:
10416:
10262:
10214:
10116:
10101:
10056:
10012:
10007:
9980:
9842:
9812:
9780:
9750:
9740:
9498:
9433:
9285:
9227:
9101:
9055:
9045:
8925:
8857:
8837:
8530:
8451:
8446:
8221:
8143:
8071:
7845:
7820:
7749:
7673:
7274:
7269:
7204:
6755:
6559:
6138:
5720:
5062:
4956:
4909:
4660:
4527:
4432:
4379:
3884:
3821:
3797:
3796:
in January 630, Muhammad ordered his followers to attack enemies who fled from the
3546:
3391:
In addition to the Great Wall, a number of Chinese cities also employed the use of
3364:–1050 BC); the capital at ancient Ao had enormous walls built in this fashion (see
3219:
2989:
2955:
2759:
2747:
2739:
2333:
2145:
2110:
2042:
1935:
1873:
1766:
1694:
1687:
1544:
1477:
1427:
1417:
1292:
1212:
1172:
1157:
1119:
1104:
975:
960:
913:
821:
779:
722:
717:
675:
498:
475:
367:
291:
220:
203:
4683:
3462:
several forts and outposts were built throughout the archipelago. Most notable is
3098:
has a quadrangular fortified layout. Evidence also suggested of fortifications in
2726:
2707:
10707:
10702:
10373:
10368:
10287:
10267:
10096:
10017:
10002:
9948:
9907:
9775:
9513:
9445:
9239:
8755:
8693:
8683:
8656:
8621:
8335:
8091:
8055:
8045:
7734:
7586:
7559:
7499:
7469:
7354:
7319:
7299:
7284:
6839:
6834:
6802:
6563:
6505:
6493:
6475:
6342:
6323:
6249:
6226:
6009:
5799:
5498:
5421:
4748:
4688:
4636:
Guard towers provide an increased field of view but a lower level of protection.
4616:
4470:
4185:
4153:
3994:
3698:
3467:
3295:
3211:
3038:
2962:, together with partial remains elsewhere. These are mostly city gates, like the
2902:
2679:
2425:
1955:
1940:
1858:
1814:
1756:
1412:
1407:
1297:
1287:
1202:
1177:
1114:
955:
885:
875:
727:
712:
635:
607:
397:
392:
372:
215:
5792:
4188:
in the 19th century led to yet another stage in the evolution of fortification.
4001:
raised great walls around cities, and the finest examples, among others, are in
3773:, which together with Medina's natural fortifications, rendered the confederate
10799:
10682:
10657:
10523:
10451:
10348:
10307:
10297:
10272:
10209:
10166:
10034:
9975:
9970:
9943:
9872:
9847:
9790:
9646:
9546:
9305:
9113:
8847:
8666:
8616:
8282:
8211:
8040:
8015:
7903:
7898:
7564:
7549:
7484:
7474:
7349:
7334:
7234:
7224:
7189:
7063:
6856:
6553:
6520:
6484:
6300:
6158:
6122:
5139:
4760:
4740:
4612:
4458:
4439:
4423:
4387:
4371:
4338:
4315:
4263:
4251:
4224:
4209:
4149:
4034:
3986:
3876:
3868:
3843:
3770:
3607:
3601:
3521:
3432:
3424:
3392:
3369:
3291:
3258:
3235:
3227:
3160:
3008:
2959:
2947:
2932:
2906:
2886:
2824:
2778:
2743:
2722:
2635:
2521:
2329:
2321:
2130:
1878:
1302:
1262:
1240:
1227:
1217:
1187:
1099:
1052:
855:
846:
737:
690:
670:
660:
630:
597:
485:
442:
407:
382:
249:
182:
35:
5724:
10773:
10662:
10431:
10141:
10106:
9992:
9985:
9953:
9902:
9877:
9852:
9634:
9600:
9506:
9369:
9342:
9323:
9035:
8842:
8678:
8518:
8491:
8345:
8247:
8201:
8181:
8005:
7908:
7861:
7769:
7759:
7713:
7683:
7668:
7637:
7618:
7479:
7419:
7374:
7289:
7248:
7058:
6691:
6686:
6419:
6382:
6367:
6318:
6263:
6242:
5939:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 679–725.
5930:
5920:
4845:
4692:
4604:
4579:
4450:
4415:
4395:
4367:
4217:
4205:
4201:
4157:
3778:
3708:
3659:
3643:
3619:
3354:
3350:
3131:
3107:
2797:, Germany, forts were constructed with a limestone foundation supported by a
2790:
2670:
2557:
skill, and are built of enduring materials. Field fortifications—for example
2355:
1977:
1965:
1821:
1741:
1657:
1640:
1497:
1352:
1332:
1010:
1005:
985:
965:
880:
851:
826:
702:
680:
640:
480:
387:
345:
340:
237:
5968:. Potomac Books Inc. (an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press), 2013.
3883:
Defensive works were of importance in the tropical African Kingdoms. In the
2428:
in the 19th century led to another stage in the evolution of fortification.
10748:
10491:
10363:
10338:
10041:
9960:
9535:
9403:
9393:
9354:
9330:
9075:
8800:
8698:
8277:
8231:
8165:
7981:
7886:
7744:
7708:
7663:
7647:
7575:
7528:
7504:
7494:
7489:
7304:
7121:
6982:
6949:
6814:
6750:
6725:
6637:
6611:
6579:
6573:
6515:
6454:
6424:
6272:
4656:
4523:
4485:
4474:
4399:
4363:
4220:. The ditch was extremely vulnerable to bombardment with explosive shells.
4129:
4089:
4060:
4051:
Medieval-style fortifications were largely made obsolete by the arrival of
3809:
3782:
3741:
3628:
The Ivatan people of the northern islands of Batanes built their so-called
3475:
3385:
3373:
3346:
3329:
3279:
3241:
3231:
3207:
3119:
3099:
2985:
2971:
2943:
2546:
2534:
2407:
2402:
Medieval-style fortifications were largely made obsolete by the arrival of
2366:
2248:
2215:
2164:
2090:
2070:
2065:
1960:
1905:
1539:
1534:
1357:
1272:
1015:
749:
650:
447:
331:
4913:
4422:
Instead field fortification rose to dominate defensive action. Unlike the
10667:
10343:
10126:
9932:
9862:
9563:
9310:
9030:
8825:
8768:
8703:
8688:
8611:
8186:
8121:
7785:
7642:
7611:
7593:
7581:
7523:
7518:
7459:
7454:
7414:
7314:
7279:
7175:
7078:
6849:
6819:
6809:
6715:
6604:
6221:
6168:
5676:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
5231:
5197:
4664:
4391:
4330:
4232:
4169:
4165:
4125:
3990:
3908:
3471:
3381:
3338:
3172:
3146:
3111:
3065:). "Fort" is the word used in India for all old fortifications. Numerous
3042:
2963:
2674:
2666:
2616:
2596:
2578:
2442:
2075:
1826:
1791:
1630:
1317:
1282:
990:
933:
836:
620:
321:
316:
6412:
5966:
The Rocky Road to the Great War: The Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914
5793:"Sarzana and Sarzanello – Transitional Design and Renaissance Designers"
5334:
4853:
4834:"The Defence of Places: Fortifications as Architecture [part 1]"
4833:
4022:
2805:
48:"Fort", "Fortress", and "Stronghold" redirect here. For other uses, see
10383:
10199:
9624:
9065:
8940:
8935:
8340:
8267:
8096:
8081:
7810:
7630:
7602:
7533:
7409:
7364:
7294:
7214:
7111:
7016:
6956:
6915:
6893:
6844:
6790:
6740:
6735:
6720:
6679:
6627:
6585:
6530:
6372:
6288:
4298:
against high odds, the only constraint being the supply of ammunition.
4267:
4255:
3714:
3666:
3651:
3552:
3539:
3509:
3485:
3463:
3156:
3087:
3058:
2909:, probably due the development of more effective battering rams by the
2898:
2767:
2719:
2711:
2702:
2647:
2639:
2542:
2032:
2002:
1724:
1088:
10677:
7790:
6335:
4868:
2673:. The Ancient Egyptians also built fortresses on the frontiers of the
10353:
10326:
9817:
9755:
9472:
9261:
9175:
9160:
8998:
8832:
8790:
8601:
8324:
8320:
8287:
8272:
8252:
8148:
8101:
8010:
7219:
7150:
6977:
6972:
6905:
6546:
6459:
6389:
6347:
6173:
6143:
6104:
6070:
5890:
4935:
4893:
4547:
4539:
4414:
2,000 lb (910 kg) bomb hits the ground. The development of
4375:
4239:
4196:
4189:
4141:
4014:
4010:
3978:
3928:
3913:
3861:
3497:
3275:
3223:
3215:
3199:
3195:
3164:
3079:
3030:
2890:
2869:
2794:
2755:
2628:
2612:
2429:
2388:
2358:
2341:
2022:
1846:
1796:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1596:
1387:
1382:
1347:
784:
470:
437:
306:
4491:
4246:
3368:
for more info). Although stone walls were built in China during the
3025:
2458:
68:
10672:
10333:
9887:
9735:
9273:
9050:
8981:
8773:
8626:
8584:
8441:
8423:
8392:
8257:
7703:
7698:
7623:
7464:
7182:
7157:
7140:
7070:
7011:
6939:
6932:
6775:
6663:
6537:
6357:
6352:
6328:
6256:
6236:
6216:
6183:
5376:
4351:
4334:
4326:
4306:
4279:
4173:
4133:
4078:
3917:
3872:
3754:
3683:
3263:
3191:
3135:
3091:
3074:
3054:
2894:
2864:
2852:
2833:
2810:
2798:
2683:
2643:
2592:
2438:
2378:
2351:
2289:
2286:
2212:
2037:
2012:
1645:
1277:
1252:
865:
420:
362:
274:
8377:
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
5919:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
5821:
Medieval Town of Rhodes – Restoration Works (1985–2000) – Part One
5747:
5463:"15 Most Intense Archaeological Discoveries in Philippine History"
5394:
Indian Castles 1206–1526: The Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
2445:
have made large-scale fortifications obsolete in most situations.
10084:
10074:
9892:
9837:
9530:
9493:
9416:
9398:
9381:
9364:
9015:
8969:
8810:
8783:
8636:
8631:
8606:
8476:
8111:
8020:
7835:
7800:
7795:
7133:
7116:
7101:
7085:
7037:
6965:
6910:
6900:
6868:
6770:
6745:
6730:
6500:
6444:
6362:
6209:
6202:
6148:
6020:
5636:
The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira
4732:
4716:
4672:
4652:
4630:
4481:
4462:
4374:
were capable of destroying entire cities and producing dangerous
4275:
4145:
4098:
4002:
3974:
3970:
3774:
3757:'s era in Arabia, many tribes made use of fortifications. In the
3647:
3570:
3558:
3428:
3180:
3150:
3115:
3103:
3083:
2996:
2818:
2814:
2786:
2771:
2751:
2691:
2588:
2374:
2337:
2313:
2047:
2007:
1771:
1605:
1601:
943:
928:
804:
465:
460:
430:
349:
311:
10388:
10317:
10136:
10091:
9745:
9730:
9222:
8862:
8745:
8486:
8481:
8330:
8310:
8196:
8131:
8106:
7995:
7950:
7840:
7194:
6760:
6698:
6642:
6620:
6597:
6590:
6466:
6449:
6281:
6113:
6095:
6065:
5037:"The Ness of Brodgar Excavations – The 'Great Wall of Brodgar'"
4705:
4668:
4499:
4346:
4056:
4052:
3989:, were founded precisely for this purpose during the period of
3936:
3932:
3924:
3813:
3762:
3702:
3630:
3123:
3095:
2874:
2763:
2730:
2652:
2584:
2562:
2529:
2403:
2384:
2370:
1554:
950:
767:
503:
4121:
2789:, whose walls seem partially influenced by those built in the
2524:
are fortifications but are not necessarily called fortresses.
2270:'s colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO
10647:
10146:
9687:
9682:
9020:
8945:
8292:
8160:
8116:
8076:
7881:
7825:
7569:
7094:
6925:
6765:
6086:
5891:"Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value"
4322:
4040:
3836:
3832:
3817:
3365:
3070:
3062:
3050:
2967:
2782:
2662:
2569:). An example of field fortification was the construction of
2538:
2434:
2223:
1025:
561:
556:
5426:
The Cult of Draupadī: Mythologies: From Gingee to Kurukserta
5114:"Die Heuneburg an der oberen Donau: Die Siedlungsstrukturen"
4446:
the strategic value of the ground, and its defensive value.
3311:; Jaffna fort, for example, came under siege several times.
9133:
8596:
8591:
6863:
6705:
6672:
6647:
6439:
6429:
6398:
6377:
5034:
4454:
3875:
at key points. This was employed in later wars against the
3203:
2951:
2734:
2658:
2624:
2541:
to a fortification and of destroying it is commonly called
2350:
was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military
301:
296:
8362:
International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
5428:. Vol. 1. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. p.
4986:"Organization of neolithic settlements:house construction"
4484:
that was being defended was of primary importance because
9725:
9717:
8427:
6015:
6000:
4357:
The downfall of permanent fortifications had two causes:
2304:, Malta, which were built in the 16th and 17th centuries.
2219:
174:
5011:"Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Tourism | Sesklo"
4957:"Europe's oldest prehistoric town unearthed in Bulgaria"
4791:
4789:
4787:
4270:
and firing points in the ditch to the fort proper, with
5957:
Murray, Nicholas. "The Development of Fortifications",
5194:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction
4063:
evolved into much lower structures with greater use of
2410:
evolved into much lower structures with greater use of
5396:(second ed.). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p.
4262:
Much of the fort moved underground. Deep passages and
3761:, the largely outnumbered defenders of Medina, mainly
3470:
city of Manila located along the southern bank of the
3435:. The Forbidden City made up the inner portion of the
3286:; these forts were captured and later expanded by the
3171:
India currently has over 180 forts, with the state of
2855:
is another example of a Gaulish fortified settlement.
4784:
4772:
2577:
available. An example of this is the construction of
2399:
saw the creation of some towns built around castles.
5758:
5595:
4715:, which saw the use of log forts for use by forward
3175:
alone having over 70 forts, which are also known as
5627:
5347:
5279:Stearns, Peter N.; Langer, William Leonard (2001).
5086:
3510:
Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza
93:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5391:
3682:'s power, they blanketed the areas around Western
3454:Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines
3447:
3431:were established in the early 15th century by the
2901:(Taanach) where such a wall has been dated to the
2406:in the 14th century. Fortifications in the age of
5776:
5605:The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet
5350:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
5089:Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
4208:. Built in 1878, Delimara was built as a typical
2832:were large fortified settlements used during the
10771:
2858:
2328:were the first small cities to be fortified. In
6292:
4869:"THE USE OF FENCES FOR PREDATOR DAMAGE CONTROL"
4378:. This led to the creation of civilian nuclear
3665:The Muslim Filipinos of the south built strong
3086:is fortified using baked bricks; sites such as
2710:, Malta. Borġ in-Nadur is a notable example of
2247:, Puerto Rico. The fortress and walled city of
6854:
6800:
6618:
6464:
5492:Ancient and Pre-Spanish Era of the Philippines
4928:"Bulgaria claims to find Europe's oldest town"
2822:, showing the construction technique known as
8408:
7966:
7509:
7239:
7068:
7044:
6661:
6652:
6609:
6333:
6129:
6120:
6036:
5348:Fletcher, Banister; Cruickshank, Dan (1996).
5278:
5230:
5087:Fletcher, Banister; Cruickshank, Dan (1996).
3730:
2172:
7628:
7609:
7600:
7591:
7180:
7155:
7131:
7092:
7083:
7035:
7021:
6992:
6963:
6954:
6930:
6891:
6696:
6677:
6595:
6544:
6535:
6491:
6482:
6473:
6410:
6396:
6387:
6270:
6247:
5961:, Gordon Martel (ed.). WileyBlackwell, 2011.
5752:African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction
5748:"Two thousand years of West African history"
5706:
5704:
5674:Gates, Henry Louis; Appiah, Anthony (1999).
4223:In response, military engineers evolved the
3963:fortifications of the Castle Harbour Islands
3785:to attack the city from the south. However,
2381:and command a specific defensive territory.
2300:Early 20th-century aerial photograph of the
6279:
6261:
6207:
6193:
6111:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
5813:
5673:
5601:
5420:
5387:
5385:
5379:word for "inaccessible place", hence "fort"
5164:"The Casemate Wall System of Khirbat Safra"
4370:were used against fortifications. By 1950,
4314:, built in the 1930s. Due to the threat of
4258:and firing points in the ditch to the fort.
3800:and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif.
2923:Roman military frontiers and fortifications
2785:built large fortified settlements known as
2766:built two parallel stone walls, called the
2646:a walled fortified settlement today called
2487:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2232:
2226:
2218:designed for the defense of territories in
8415:
8401:
7973:
7959:
6043:
6029:
5745:
5739:
5653:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 83.
5132:"Erforschung und Geschichte der Heuneburg"
4301:
4041:Development after introduction of firearms
3939:, which emerged in the 9th century in the
2770:, that reached their fortified seaport at
2754:(famous for the huge stone blocks of its '
2690:deployed large labour forces to build new
2545:or siege warfare and is formally known as
2179:
2165:
5710:
5701:
5556:
5060:
4477:defences, seeking to crush them utterly.
4345:in Malta. Despite this, only underground
3745:Map of the defences available during the
2634:From very early history to modern times,
2507:Learn how and when to remove this message
2340:(known for the huge stone blocks of its '
2320:From very early history to modern times,
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
10238:List of military strategies and concepts
8372:Mason Contractors Association of America
5608:, Darussalam Publications, p. 481,
5382:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
4682:
4504:North American Aerospace Defense Command
4490:
4405:
4305:
4245:
4195:
4120:
4083:
3953:
3907:
3740:
3637:
3328:
3257:
3155:
3024:
2926:
2868:
2804:
2701:
2611:
2307:
2295:
2277:
2258:
2239:
1138:List of military strategies and concepts
8367:Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
5924:
5648:
5235:"Syro-Palestinian art and architecture"
4795:
4778:
4754:
4243:could be withdrawn into the gatehouse.
3912:Medieval defensive walls and towers in
3613:
2638:have been a necessity for many cities.
14:
10772:
5864:
5833:
5602:Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005),
5283:. Houghton Mifflin Books. p. 17.
3294:occupied these Dutch forts during the
3029:Defensive wall of the ancient city of
3002:
2746:, large stone walls had been built in
2678:wall surrounded the ancient temple of
2332:, large stone walls had been built in
8396:
7954:
6024:
5846:from the original on 15 November 2015
5485:
5320:
5146:
5111:
4831:
4726:
4642:
4559:
4536:submarine launched ballistic missiles
4333:have made large-scale fortifications
4144:with tier upon tier of hornworks and
3725:
3082:has stone-built fortification walls,
2669:) is one of the world's oldest known
41:For the locality in New Zealand, see
10754:
8422:
5895:UNESCO World Heritage Centre website
5563:
5544:from the original on 16 October 2014
5352:. Architectural Press. p. 100.
4077:This placed a heavy emphasis on the
3528:Fuerte dela Concepcion y del Triunfo
2697:
2485:adding citations to reliable sources
2452:
2312:Aerial photograph of Fort Vossegat,
91:adding citations to reliable sources
62:
10698:Idealism in international relations
7435:Weapons Storage and Security System
5834:Mifsud, Simon (14 September 2012).
5678:. Basic Civitas Books. p. 97.
5182:
5091:. Architectural Press. p. 20.
4866:
4520:intercontinental ballistic missiles
3701:in Luzon, later became the City of
24:
6050:
5746:MacEachern, Scott (January 2005).
5624:Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
5473:from the original on 15 March 2015
5224:
3916:, Poland, made of field stone and
3891:
3481:Partial listing of Spanish forts:
3037:A number of forts dating from the
25:
10811:
5994:
5162:Emswiler, Elizabeth Anne (2020).
5035:The Ness of Brodgar Excavations.
4398:. This was not the case with the
3094:fortifications with bastions and
2999:(AD 76–138) in AD 122.
10753:
10743:
10742:
7980:
7934:
7933:
5925:Jackson, Louis Charles (1911). "
5912:
5633:
4873:University of Nebraska - Lincoln
4713:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
4461:would be concentrated in mobile
3803:
3395:to defend their cities. Notable
2988:across the width of what is now
2706:Remains of a fortified village,
2457:
192:
67:
8217:Non-explosive demolition agents
6012: (archived 5 December 2018)
5944:
5883:
5858:
5827:
5785:
5767:
5692:
5667:
5649:Bianchi, Robert Steven (2004).
5642:
5622:from the original on 2016-04-19
5570:Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman
5530:
5504:
5455:
5446:
5414:
5366:
5341:
5314:
5297:
5272:
5263:
5254:
5215:
5124:
5105:
5080:
5069:from the original on 2013-05-01
5054:
5043:from the original on 2013-04-28
5028:
5017:from the original on 2013-01-02
5003:
4992:from the original on 2013-07-22
4967:from the original on 2013-06-11
4809:"Field fortification | warfare"
4179:
4059:. Fortifications in the age of
3737:List of expeditions of Muhammad
3642:An American flag raised at the
3624:Architecture of the Philippines
3448:Spanish colonial fortifications
3149:has defensive walls and square
2916:
2694:, temples and defensive walls.
2448:
2354:, and is the equivalent of the
78:needs additional citations for
27:Military defensive construction
5982:, 1500–1800, Routledge: 1999,
5501:. Accessed September 04, 2008.
5250:– via Britannica Online.
4978:
4949:
4920:
4887:
4860:
4825:
4801:
3848:Guinness Book of Records, 1974
3717:: The capital and seat of the
3654:, a walled city within Manila.
3596:Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental
3442:
2885:is used in the archaeology of
2750:, such as the ancient site of
2619:tomb brick showing gate towers
2573:by George Washington in 1754.
2336:, such as the ancient site of
2264:Castillo San Felipe de Barajas
13:
1:
7330:British "hedgehog" road block
5905:
4745:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
4574:Aircraft can be protected by
3931:were the main antecedents of
3358:
3139:
2859:Bronze and Iron Age Near East
2845:
2607:
2245:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
8382:Worshipful Company of Masons
5927:Fortification and Siegecraft
4934:. 2012-11-01. Archived from
4513:Battle of the Hurtgen Forest
3646:, 1898. Fort Santiago was a
3530:, Ozamiz, Misamis Occidental
3421:walled villages of Hong Kong
3247:
3145:) in present-day south-east
2873:An ancient casemate wall at
7:
10220:Operational manoeuvre group
7740:Cities with defensive walls
7325:Defensive fighting position
7240:
7045:
6855:
6801:
6662:
6653:
6619:
6610:
6465:
5867:History of the Maginot Line
5713:Journal of World Prehistory
5638:. Vol. 4. p. 142.
5392:Nossov, Konstantin (2012).
5138:(in German). Archived from
3871:was to create powerful log
3565:Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro
3437:Beijing city fortifications
3345:Large tempered earth (i.e.
1636:Military–industrial complex
1110:Operational manoeuvre group
58:Stronghold (disambiguation)
10:
10816:
10653:Peace and conflict studies
10542:Infantry fighting vehicles
9081:Front; Russian land forces
5980:Warfare in Atlantic Africa
5810:), No. 37, 2009, pp. 50–78
4758:
4584:hardened aircraft shelters
4142:star shaped fortifications
4044:
4007:Rocca di Manerba del Garda
3901:
3895:
3807:
3777:(consisting of horses and
3734:
3731:During Muhammad's lifetime
3617:
3578:Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur
3534:Fuerza de San Antonio Abad
3451:
3423:. The famous walls of the
3399:include the city walls of
3318:
3268:Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura
3251:
3045:are found in the mainland
3006:
2920:
2862:
2602:
2302:fortifications of Valletta
2292:was first built in 600 BC.
47:
43:Fortification, New Zealand
40:
29:
10740:
10708:International cooperation
10640:
10615:
10482:
10475:
10397:
10316:
10228:
10180:
10055:
9931:
9716:
9678:Combat information center
9655:
9576:
9486:
9215:
9208:
9139:Infantry fighting vehicle
9089:
8921:Unified combatant command
8891:
8754:
8566:
8434:
8354:
8303:
8240:
8207:Lewis (lifting appliance)
8174:
8064:
7988:
7924:
7854:
7778:
7722:
7656:
7542:
7447:
7370:Hardened aircraft shelter
7345:Entry control point (ECP)
7257:
7168:
6884:
6877:
6309:
6058:
5954:, Charles Scribner, 1975.
5725:10.1007/s10963-006-9003-y
5651:Daily Life of the Nubians
5269:Emswiler (2020), pp. 4–5.
5221:Emswiler (2020), pp. 7–9.
4963:. Bbc.co.uk. 2012-10-31.
4544:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
4496:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
3867:A military tactic of the
3826:
3594:Laguindingan Watchtower,
3380:had been built since the
3304:Ceylon Garrison Artillery
3067:Indus Valley Civilization
3017:List of forts in Pakistan
2326:Indus Valley Civilization
1700:Loss-of-strength gradient
552:Combat information center
54:Fortress (disambiguation)
10623:Lists of wars by country
10065:List of military tactics
9183:Self-propelled artillery
9071:Special units by nation:
8514:Protocols and structure:
7867:Continuity of government
5840:MilitaryArchitecture.com
5065:. Ancient-wisdom.co.uk.
4765:
4678:
4546:. On the ground itself,
4286:intervals between them.
4160:, the fortifications of
4112:Giovanni Battista Zanchi
4103:fortifications of Rhodes
3588:Guinsiliban Watchtower,
3584:Bacolod, Lanao del Norte
3492:Cuartel de Santo Domingo
3325:List of castles in China
3314:
3179:, many of them built by
2931:An interior view of the
2655:in Greece from 6800 BC.
2627:for security from large
2018:Military science fiction
1503:Technology and equipment
919:List of military tactics
30:Not to be confused with
18:History of fortification
10720:International relations
10713:Crimes against humanity
9360:Other infantry weapons:
9076:Battle Fleet; U.S. Navy
8647:Functional specialties:
7689:Motte-and-bailey castle
7395:Missile launch facility
7390:Main line of resistance
6085:
5959:The Encyclopedia of War
5936:Encyclopædia Britannica
5575:Oxford University Press
5240:Encyclopædia Britannica
5136:Celtic Museum Heuneburg
5013:. Odysseus.culture.gr.
4813:Encyclopedia Britannica
4649:forward operating bases
4511:line. For example, the
4302:20th and 21st centuries
4292:Séré de Rivières system
3650:that was a part of the
3576:Fuerte de Alfonso XII,
3506:, Cagayancillo, Palawan
2809:Reconstructed walls of
2086:Wartime sexual violence
1842:Full-spectrum dominance
1653:Supply-chain management
10795:Military installations
10688:Conscientious objector
8796:Special reconnaissance
8536:Awards and decorations
7765:Military installations
7629:
7610:
7601:
7592:
7510:
7181:
7156:
7132:
7122:Scarp and Counterscarp
7093:
7084:
7069:
7036:
7022:
6993:
6964:
6955:
6931:
6892:
6697:
6678:
6596:
6545:
6536:
6492:
6483:
6474:
6411:
6397:
6388:
6334:
6293:
6280:
6271:
6262:
6248:
6208:
6194:
6130:
6121:
6112:
6103:
6094:
6076:
5260:Emswiler (2020), p. 4.
4988:. Greek-thesaurus.gr.
4696:
4507:
4419:
4319:
4259:
4213:
4137:
4093:
3982:
3921:
3898:Medieval fortification
3750:
3655:
3504:Fuerza de Cagayancillo
3349:) walls were built in
3342:
3271:
3230:also in Rajasthan and
3168:
3034:
3021:List of forts in Nepal
3013:List of forts in India
2939:
2878:
2837:
2715:
2620:
2579:Roman forts in England
2533:since the time of the
2317:
2305:
2293:
2275:
2256:
2233:
2227:
1998:Awards and decorations
1971:Peace through strength
1946:Low-intensity conflict
1580:Conscientious objector
1453:Area of responsibility
9708:Torpedo Data Computer
9698:Ship gun fire-control
7534:Floating water castle
7265:Admiralty scaffolding
6558:Fortified buildings (
6006:Military Architecture
5978:Thornton, John Kelly
5865:Halter, Marc (2011).
5512:"The Battle of Bayan"
5063:"The Ness of Brodgar"
4914:10.15184/aqy.2023.164
4686:
4494:
4409:
4309:
4249:
4199:
4176:being fine examples.
4132:from 18th century in
4124:
4087:
3957:
3911:
3904:Austrian walled towns
3808:Further information:
3744:
3680:Maguindanao Sultanate
3641:
3590:Guinsiliban, Camiguin
3573:, Zamboanga del Norte
3563:Fuerza de Bongabong,
3332:
3261:
3159:
3153:of sun dried bricks.
3028:
2992:following a visit by
2930:
2872:
2808:
2705:
2615:
2311:
2299:
2281:
2262:
2243:
585:Torpedo data computer
575:Ship gun fire-control
50:Fort (disambiguation)
10785:Engineering barrages
10569:Specific modern wars
10517:Vehicles and weapons
10442:Military occupations
9041:Carrier strike group
8031:Massive precut stone
8026:Post-tensioned stone
7877:Subterranean warfare
6830:Viking ring fortress
6001:Fortress Study Group
5808:Fortress Study Group
5538:"The Kutawato Caves"
5118:isentosamballerer.de
5112:Focke, Arne (2006).
4832:Hirst, Paul (1997).
4755:Field fortifications
4518:After World War II,
4055:on the 14th century
3991:Eastern Colonisation
3967:St. George's Harbour
3864:on opposing forces.
3787:Muhammad's diplomacy
3759:Battle of the Trench
3747:Battle of the Trench
3697:: an outpost of the
3614:Local fortifications
3545:Fuerza de Santiago,
3516:Fuerza de San Felipe
3494:, Santa Rosa, Laguna
3409:Old City of Shanghai
3309:Sri Lankan Civil War
2937:Porta San Sebastiano
2760:classical era Greece
2481:improve this section
2116:Military occupations
1951:Military engineering
1853:Unrestricted Warfare
1710:Force multiplication
603:Military manoeuvrers
87:improve this article
10732:Peace organizations
10195:Operations research
9673:Director (military)
9663:Fire-control system
8574:Command and control
8227:Stonemason's hammer
8192:Ceramic tile cutter
7694:Quadrangular castle
7430:Weapon storage area
6786:Quadrangular castle
5952:Pre-Colonial Africa
5782:Thornton, pp. 22–39
5698:Osadolor, pp. 6–294
5209:The Free Dictionary
4737:concentration camps
4708:type construction.
4617:Ayn al-Asad Airbase
4588:underground hangars
4569:hit-and-run tactics
4554:Demilitarized zones
4310:Gun emplacement in
4088:Table of a typical
3961:'s 1624 map of the
3831:The entire city of
3709:Kuta Wato/Kota Bato
3582:Fuerza de Bacolod,
3557:Fuerza de Masbate,
3522:Fuerza de San Pedro
3378:Great Wall of China
3335:Great Wall of China
3047:Indian subcontinent
3003:Indian subcontinent
2911:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2842:Oppidum of Manching
2565:, or sandbags (see
2272:World Heritage Site
2253:World Heritage Site
1802:Penal military unit
1787:Rules of engagement
1463:Command and control
1083:Operations research
547:Director (military)
537:Fire-control system
287:Command and control
168:Part of a series on
10190:Military operation
10157:Tactical objective
9668:Fire-control radar
9584:Military equipment
9526:Anti-ship missiles
8878:Electronic-warfare
8741:Military maneuvers
8726:Combat occupations
8502:Commanding officer
8462:Occupational roles
7425:Underground hangar
7210:Fire control tower
7007:Gunpowder magazine
6435:Butter-churn tower
5964:Murray, Nicholas.
5798:2011-07-26 at the
5497:2015-12-10 at the
5170:. pp. 1, 3–15
5168:Andrews University
4908:(396): 1381–1401.
4727:Prisons and others
4697:
4643:Counter-insurgency
4565:Military airfields
4560:Military airfields
4534:capable of firing
4532:nuclear submarines
4508:
4498:is an underground
4420:
4320:
4266:now connected the
4260:
4214:
4162:Berwick-upon-Tweed
4138:
4094:
3983:
3941:Carolingian Empire
3922:
3751:
3726:Pre-Islamic Arabia
3656:
3600:Kutang San Diego,
3569:Cotta de Dapitan,
3397:Chinese city walls
3376:(618–907 AD). The
3343:
3272:
3254:Forts in Sri Lanka
3169:
3035:
3033:, Gujarat 2600 BCE
2940:
2879:
2838:
2774:a few miles away.
2716:
2621:
2393:Carolingian Empire
2344:' walls). A Greek
2318:
2306:
2294:
2276:
2257:
1911:Counter-insurgency
1832:Command of the sea
1777:Jewish laws on war
1752:Geneva Conventions
1288:Divide and conquer
1078:Military operation
1043:Tactical objective
542:Fire-control radar
519:Electronic-warfare
32:Food fortification
10790:Military strategy
10767:
10766:
10693:Anti-war movement
10636:
10635:
10628:Conflicts by time
10253:Counter-offensive
10243:Military campaign
10162:Target saturation
10112:Counterinsurgency
9761:International law
9703:Gun data computer
9572:
9571:
8909:Armies by country
8873:Close air support
8838:Aircraft carriers
8507:Executive officer
8390:
8389:
8316:Hardstone carving
8263:Polygonal masonry
8087:Decorative stones
7948:
7947:
7872:Military urbanism
7806:Fortified gateway
7679:Concentric castle
7443:
7442:
7360:Fire support base
7200:Coastal artillery
7075:(Spanish America)
6669:
6511:Concentric castle
5876:978-2-9523092-5-7
5869:. Moselle River.
5660:978-0-313-32501-4
5615:978-9960-899-55-8
5588:978-0-19-881078-0
5439:978-81-208-1000-6
5407:978-1-78096-985-5
5232:Lloyd, Seton H.F.
5039:. Orkneyjar.com.
4528:aircraft carriers
4380:air raid shelters
3999:Venetian Republic
3945:Early Middle Ages
3719:Sultanate of Sulu
3542:, Pikit, Cotabato
3321:Chinese city wall
3300:coastal artillery
3183:, founder of the
3128:Lauria Nandangarh
2984:was built by the
2698:Bronze Age Europe
2517:
2516:
2509:
2397:Early Middle Ages
2189:
2188:
2081:Horses in warfare
2028:Anti-war movement
1931:Gunboat diplomacy
1921:Disaster response
1869:Philosophy of war
1864:Principles of war
1837:Deterrence theory
1782:Right of conquest
1705:Lanchester's laws
1473:Principles of war
1163:Counter-offensive
1143:Military campaign
1048:Target saturation
971:Counterinsurgency
580:Gun data computer
514:Close air support
476:Aircraft carriers
163:
162:
155:
137:
16:(Redirected from
10807:
10757:
10756:
10746:
10745:
10723:
10606:
10597:
10588:
10579:
10563:
10554:
10545:
10536:
10527:
10513:
10504:
10495:
10480:
10479:
10422:Military tactics
10263:Defence in depth
10117:Defeat in detail
9813:Armoured warfare
9751:Military science
9541:Close-in weapons
9213:
9212:
9124:Wheeled vehicles
9119:Tracked vehicles
8916:Chain of command
8579:Defense ministry
8417:
8410:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8222:Plug and feather
8072:Artificial stone
7975:
7968:
7961:
7952:
7951:
7937:
7936:
7930:
7821:National redoubt
7750:Fortified estate
7674:Circular rampart
7634:
7615:
7606:
7597:
7515:
7275:Anti-tank trench
7270:Air raid shelter
7245:
7205:Disappearing gun
7186:
7161:
7137:
7098:
7089:
7074:
7050:
7041:
7027:
6998:
6969:
6960:
6936:
6897:
6882:
6881:
6860:
6840:Bailey (or ward)
6806:
6711:Motte-and-bailey
6702:
6683:
6667:
6659:
6658:
6624:
6615:
6601:
6550:
6541:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6416:
6402:
6393:
6339:
6296:
6285:
6276:
6267:
6253:
6213:
6199:
6139:Circular rampart
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6022:
6021:
5940:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5899:
5898:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5817:
5811:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5774:
5771:
5765:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5708:
5699:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5565:Watt, William M.
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5534:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5514:. Archived from
5508:
5502:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5422:Hiltebeitel, Alf
5418:
5412:
5411:
5389:
5380:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5329:(1/4): 223–250.
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5159:
5144:
5143:
5142:on 24 June 2007.
5128:
5122:
5121:
5109:
5103:
5102:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4982:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:on April 2, 2020
4924:
4918:
4917:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4782:
4776:
4433:defence in depth
4186:explosive shells
4164:and the harbour
4009:(Lombardy), and
3885:Kingdom of Kongo
3822:Qalat (fortress)
3798:Battle of Hunayn
3769:Muhammad, dug a
3551:Fuerza de Jolo,
3547:Romblon, Romblon
3512:, Zamboanga City
3388:(1368–1644 AD).
3363:
3360:
3220:Ranthambhor Fort
3144:
3141:
2990:northern England
2956:Theodosian Walls
2850:
2847:
2748:Mycenaean Greece
2512:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2461:
2453:
2426:explosive shells
2334:Mycenaean Greece
2236:
2230:
2181:
2174:
2167:
1936:Humanitarian aid
1874:Security dilemma
1695:Power projection
1478:Economy of force
1458:Chain of command
1173:Defence in depth
1158:Commerce raiding
976:Defeat in detail
292:Defense ministry
196:
187:
186:
177:
165:
164:
158:
151:
147:
144:
138:
136:
95:
71:
63:
21:
10815:
10814:
10810:
10809:
10808:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10763:
10736:
10717:
10703:Humanitarianism
10632:
10611:
10600:
10591:
10582:
10576:Napoleonic Wars
10573:
10557:
10551:Modern warships
10548:
10539:
10530:
10521:
10507:
10498:
10489:
10476:Other namespace
10471:
10393:
10312:
10224:
10176:
10142:Rapid dominance
10051:
9927:
9712:
9651:
9568:
9514:Naval artillery
9494:Guided missiles
9482:
9204:
9085:
8887:
8750:
8746:Combat training
8694:Security forces
8684:Military police
8622:Airborne forces
8562:
8430:
8421:
8391:
8386:
8350:
8299:
8236:
8170:
8092:Dimension stone
8060:
7984:
7979:
7949:
7944:
7928:
7920:
7850:
7774:
7718:
7652:
7587:Imperial castle
7560:Coercion castle
7555:Coastal defence
7538:
7500:Promontory fort
7470:Hillside castle
7439:
7355:Fallout shelter
7320:Concertina wire
7300:Border security
7253:
7164:
6873:
6506:Coercion castle
6494:Cheval de frise
6476:Chemin de ronde
6324:Albarrana tower
6305:
6250:Schwedenschanze
6227:Promontory fort
6054:
6049:
6010:Wayback Machine
5997:
5947:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5863:
5859:
5849:
5847:
5836:"Fort Campbell"
5832:
5828:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5800:Wayback Machine
5790:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5768:
5764:July, pp. 11–39
5763:
5759:
5744:
5740:
5709:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5686:
5672:
5668:
5661:
5647:
5643:
5634:Muir, William.
5632:
5628:
5616:
5600:
5596:
5589:
5561:
5557:
5547:
5545:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5521:
5519:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5499:Wayback Machine
5490:
5486:
5476:
5474:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5419:
5415:
5408:
5390:
5383:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5346:
5342:
5319:
5315:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5202:
5200:
5190:"Casemate wall"
5188:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5171:
5160:
5147:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5085:
5081:
5072:
5070:
5061:Alex Whitaker.
5059:
5055:
5046:
5044:
5033:
5029:
5020:
5018:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4970:
4968:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4941:
4939:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4892:
4888:
4878:
4876:
4867:A. Wade, Dale.
4865:
4861:
4830:
4826:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4794:
4785:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4751:for example).
4749:Tower of London
4729:
4681:
4645:
4613:Jersey Barriers
4562:
4471:Battle of Kursk
4459:tank destroyers
4372:nuclear weapons
4304:
4264:tunnel networks
4250:The tunnels of
4184:The arrival of
4182:
4140:The result was
4049:
4043:
3995:Renaissance era
3906:
3900:
3894:
3892:Medieval Europe
3829:
3824:
3806:
3767:Islamic prophet
3739:
3733:
3728:
3699:Bruneian Empire
3690:Notable kotas:
3626:
3618:Main articles:
3616:
3606:Baluarte Luna,
3540:Fuerza de Pikit
3500:, Cuyo, Palawan
3456:
3450:
3445:
3393:defensive walls
3361:
3327:
3317:
3296:Napoleonic wars
3256:
3250:
3212:Mehrangarh Fort
3142:
3130:. The earliest
3039:Later Stone Age
3023:
3007:Main articles:
3005:
2925:
2919:
2903:16th century BC
2867:
2861:
2849: 50–30 BC
2848:
2714:fortifications.
2700:
2680:Ness of Brodgar
2610:
2605:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2478:
2462:
2451:
2424:The arrival of
2322:defensive walls
2231:("strong") and
2195:(also called a
2185:
2156:
2155:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2061:
2053:
2052:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1956:Multilateralism
1941:Law enforcement
1901:
1891:
1890:
1859:Just war theory
1817:
1807:
1806:
1757:Geneva Protocol
1727:
1717:
1716:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1621:
1611:
1610:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1323:Network-centric
1243:
1233:
1232:
1135:
1125:
1124:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1011:Rapid dominance
916:
906:
905:
861:Electromagnetic
770:
760:
759:
746:
699:
647:
623:
613:
612:
608:Combat training
589:
566:
532:Combat systems:
528:
490:
486:Auxiliary ships
452:
412:
354:
277:
267:
266:
206:
180:
179:
178:
173:
159:
148:
142:
139:
102:"Fortification"
96:
94:
84:
72:
61:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10813:
10803:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10780:Fortifications
10765:
10764:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10683:Global studies
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10658:Peace movement
10655:
10650:
10644:
10642:
10638:
10637:
10634:
10633:
10631:
10630:
10625:
10619:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10608:
10607:
10598:
10589:
10580:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10555:
10546:
10537:
10528:
10514:
10505:
10496:
10486:
10484:
10477:
10473:
10472:
10470:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10457:Related lists:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10427:History lists:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10407:Military lists
10403:
10401:
10395:
10394:
10392:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10374:Defense policy
10371:
10369:Defense budget
10366:
10361:
10359:Public policy:
10356:
10351:
10349:United Nations
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10322:
10320:
10314:
10313:
10311:
10310:
10308:Scorched earth
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10234:
10232:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10210:Deep operation
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10186:
10184:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10072:
10067:
10061:
10059:
10053:
10052:
10050:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10038:
10037:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9958:
9957:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9937:
9935:
9929:
9928:
9926:
9925:
9923:Unconventional
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9873:Disinformation
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9798:
9788:
9783:
9781:Post-classical
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9722:
9720:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9659:
9657:
9656:Combat systems
9653:
9652:
9650:
9649:
9647:Field hospital
9644:
9643:
9642:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9621:
9620:
9610:
9609:
9608:
9598:
9597:
9596:
9591:
9580:
9578:
9574:
9573:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9522:
9521:
9511:
9503:
9502:
9501:
9490:
9488:
9484:
9483:
9481:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9464:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9424:Shoulder-fired
9413:
9412:
9411:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9390:
9389:
9379:
9378:
9377:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9351:
9350:
9340:
9339:
9338:
9328:
9324:Service rifles
9320:
9319:
9318:
9308:
9303:
9295:
9294:
9293:
9283:
9282:
9281:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9237:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9219:
9217:
9210:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9196:
9195:
9190:
9180:
9179:
9178:
9173:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9152:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9110:
9109:
9099:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9006:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8989:
8979:
8978:
8977:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8955:
8954:
8953:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8912:
8911:
8906:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8885:
8883:Reconnaissance
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8848:Auxiliary ship
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8787:
8786:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8752:
8751:
8749:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8736:Basic training
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8717:
8716:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8675:
8674:
8667:Reconnaissance
8664:
8659:
8654:
8652:Communications
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8617:Special forces
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8581:
8576:
8570:
8568:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8533:
8528:
8527:
8526:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8431:
8420:
8419:
8412:
8405:
8397:
8388:
8387:
8385:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8318:
8313:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8171:
8169:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8146:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8016:Letter cutting
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7978:
7977:
7970:
7963:
7955:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7906:
7904:Trench warfare
7901:
7899:Tunnel warfare
7896:
7895:
7894:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7858:
7856:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7755:Fortifications
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7726:
7724:
7720:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7607:
7598:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7572:
7567:
7565:Counter-castle
7562:
7557:
7552:
7550:Border barrier
7546:
7544:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7485:Lowland castle
7482:
7477:
7475:Hilltop castle
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7350:Electric fence
7347:
7342:
7340:Dragon's teeth
7337:
7335:Czech hedgehog
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7249:Wire obstacles
7246:
7237:
7235:Polygonal fort
7232:
7227:
7225:Martello tower
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7190:Border outpost
7187:
7178:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7090:
7081:
7076:
7066:
7064:Polygonal fort
7061:
7056:
7051:
7042:
7033:
7028:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6961:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6675:
6670:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6602:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6576:
6571:
6556:
6554:Flanking tower
6551:
6542:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6521:Counter-castle
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6489:
6480:
6471:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6408:
6403:
6394:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6311:Post-classical
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6301:Vitrified fort
6298:
6286:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6254:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6205:
6200:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6159:Defensive wall
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6109:
6100:
6091:
6082:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6052:Fortifications
6048:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6013:
6003:
5996:
5995:External links
5993:
5992:
5991:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5931:Chisholm, Hugh
5907:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5882:
5875:
5857:
5826:
5812:
5784:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5738:
5719:(2): 133–168.
5700:
5691:
5684:
5666:
5659:
5641:
5626:
5614:
5594:
5587:
5555:
5529:
5503:
5484:
5454:
5445:
5438:
5413:
5406:
5381:
5365:
5358:
5340:
5313:
5296:
5289:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5223:
5214:
5181:
5145:
5123:
5104:
5097:
5079:
5053:
5027:
5002:
4977:
4948:
4919:
4886:
4859:
4824:
4800:
4798:, p. 680.
4783:
4781:, p. 679.
4770:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4761:Trench warfare
4759:Main article:
4756:
4753:
4741:Theresienstadt
4728:
4725:
4689:Ozama Fortress
4680:
4677:
4644:
4641:
4580:hesco barriers
4561:
4558:
4451:anti-tank guns
4440:defensive line
4424:trench warfare
4416:bunker busters
4404:
4403:
4388:Siegfried Line
4383:
4368:bunker busters
4339:aerial warfare
4316:aerial warfare
4303:
4300:
4252:Fort de Mutzig
4210:polygonal fort
4200:The ditch and
4181:
4178:
4156:states and in
4150:Fort Bourtange
4042:
4039:
3987:eastern Europe
3896:Main article:
3893:
3890:
3844:walls of Benin
3828:
3825:
3805:
3802:
3794:Siege of Ta'if
3735:Main article:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3706:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3608:Luna, La Union
3604:
3602:Gumaca, Quezon
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3498:Fuerza de Cuyo
3495:
3489:
3452:Main article:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3433:Yongle Emperor
3425:Forbidden City
3370:Warring States
3316:
3313:
3302:manned by the
3266:built by King
3252:Main article:
3249:
3246:
3236:Madhya Pradesh
3228:Jaisalmer Fort
3185:Maratha Empire
3161:Jaisalmer Fort
3143: 2500 BC
3132:Mauryan period
3009:Forts in India
3004:
3001:
2982:Hadrian's Wall
2960:Constantinople
2948:Aurelian Walls
2933:Aurelian walls
2921:Main article:
2918:
2915:
2907:9th century BC
2889:and the wider
2860:
2857:
2825:murus gallicus
2779:Central Europe
2762:, the city of
2744:ancient Greece
2699:
2696:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2571:Fort Necessity
2530:castrametation
2515:
2514:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2330:ancient Greece
2316:, Netherlands.
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Military terms
2118:
2113:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1879:Tripwire force
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1401:Administrative
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:New generation
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1303:Fleet in being
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1241:Grand strategy
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:Scorched earth
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Deep operation
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
947:
946:
941:
936:
926:
917:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:Unconventional
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
849:
847:Disinformation
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
818:
817:
812:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
766:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
752:
745:
744:
743:
742:
741:
740:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
698:
697:
696:
695:
694:
693:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
646:
645:
644:
643:
638:
633:
624:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
598:Basic training
595:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
527:
526:
524:Reconnaissance
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
451:
450:
445:
443:Special forces
440:
435:
434:
433:
423:
418:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
353:
352:
343:
338:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
278:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
247:
246:
245:
240:
230:
229:
228:
221:Post-classical
218:
213:
207:
202:
201:
198:
197:
189:
188:
170:
169:
161:
160:
75:
73:
66:
36:Fortified wine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10812:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10786:
10783:
10781:
10778:
10777:
10775:
10762:
10761:
10751:
10750:
10739:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10721:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10663:Peace process
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10639:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10614:
10604:
10599:
10595:
10590:
10586:
10581:
10577:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10561:
10556:
10552:
10547:
10543:
10538:
10534:
10529:
10525:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10515:
10511:
10506:
10502:
10497:
10493:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10481:
10478:
10474:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10400:
10396:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10328:
10324:
10323:
10321:
10319:
10315:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10235:
10233:
10231:
10227:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10205:Expeditionary
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10183:
10179:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10107:Counterattack
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10062:
10060:
10058:
10054:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10036:
10033:
10032:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9995:
9994:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9963:
9962:
9959:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9934:
9930:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9913:Psychological
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9853:Combined arms
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9793:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9654:
9648:
9645:
9641:
9638:
9637:
9636:
9635:Military base
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9619:
9616:
9615:
9614:
9611:
9607:
9604:
9603:
9602:
9599:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9548:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9536:Depth charges
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9520:
9517:
9516:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9492:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9448:
9447:
9444:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9414:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9388:
9385:
9384:
9383:
9380:
9376:
9373:
9372:
9371:
9370:Anti-tank gun
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9343:Assault rifle
9341:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9332:
9331:Battle rifles
9329:
9327:
9325:
9321:
9317:
9314:
9313:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9300:
9299:Infantry guns
9296:
9292:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9275:
9272:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9242:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9224:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9214:
9211:
9207:
9201:
9198:
9194:
9193:Anti-aircraft
9191:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9184:
9181:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9131:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8997:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8984:
8983:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8956:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8926:General staff
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8890:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8843:Landing craft
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8492:Enlisted rank
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8418:
8413:
8411:
8406:
8404:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8355:Organizations
8353:
8347:
8346:Machicolation
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8202:Diamond blade
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8182:Angle grinder
8180:
8179:
8177:
8173:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8063:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7971:
7969:
7964:
7962:
7957:
7956:
7953:
7941:
7940:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7909:Urban warfare
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7862:Civil defense
7860:
7859:
7857:
7853:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7730:Bastion forts
7728:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7715:
7714:Z-plan castle
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7684:L-plan castle
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7669:Bridge castle
7667:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7638:Refuge castle
7636:
7633:
7632:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7619:Military base
7617:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7582:Hunting lodge
7580:
7578:
7577:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7495:Moated castle
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7480:Island castle
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:By topography
7446:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7420:Submarine pen
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:Hesco bastion
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Blast shelter
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7256:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7059:Place-of-arms
7057:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6695:
6693:
6692:Machicolation
6690:
6688:
6687:L-plan castle
6685:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6420:Bridge castle
6418:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6386:
6384:
6383:Bent entrance
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6368:Battery tower
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Advanced work
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6290:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6244:
6243:Refuge castle
6241:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6034:
6032:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5950:July, Robert
5949:
5948:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5921:public domain
5910:
5909:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5878:
5872:
5868:
5861:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5830:
5822:
5816:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5753:
5749:
5742:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5707:
5705:
5695:
5687:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5662:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5637:
5630:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5598:
5590:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5559:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5518:on 2015-12-30
5517:
5513:
5507:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5488:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5449:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5409:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5386:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5361:
5359:0-7506-2267-9
5355:
5351:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5323:East and West
5317:
5306:
5300:
5292:
5290:0-395-65237-5
5286:
5282:
5275:
5266:
5257:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5227:
5218:
5210:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5169:
5165:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5119:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5098:0-7506-2267-9
5094:
5090:
5083:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5016:
5012:
5006:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4923:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4890:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4840:(33): 13–26.
4839:
4835:
4828:
4814:
4810:
4804:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4707:
4701:
4694:
4693:Santo Domingo
4690:
4685:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4605:South Vietnam
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4524:Missile silos
4521:
4516:
4514:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4401:
4397:
4396:Atlantic Wall
4393:
4389:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4343:Fort Campbell
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4313:
4312:Fort Campbell
4308:
4299:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4219:
4218:counter scarp
4211:
4207:
4206:Fort Delimara
4203:
4202:counter scarp
4198:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:Islamic world
3801:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3720:
3716:
3715:Kota Sug/Jolo
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3695:Kota Selurong
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:Fort Santiago
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3620:Ivatan people
3609:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3518:, Cavite City
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3455:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3355:Shang dynasty
3352:
3351:ancient China
3348:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3269:
3265:
3262:Rock fort of
3260:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:Mahasthangarh
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:Roman Emperor
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:casemate wall
2876:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:Mediterranean
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2758:' walls). In
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:Borġ in-Nadur
2724:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2708:Borġ in-Nadur
2704:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2671:walled cities
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:Roman legions
2532:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2511:
2508:
2500:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2466:This section
2464:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:Roman legions
2363:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2285:in 1935. The
2284:
2283:Maiden Castle
2280:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2251:are a UNESCO
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:("to make").
2235:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2193:fortification
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:Warrior caste
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:Show of force
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:Peacebuilding
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:Air supremacy
1820:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Islamic rules
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Court-martial
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:Arms industry
1639:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Broken-backed
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Expeditionary
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Counterattack
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
909:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:Psychological
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:Combined arms
825:
823:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
769:
764:
763:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
700:
692:
689:
688:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Fortification
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
648:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
625:
622:
617:
616:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
482:
481:Landing craft
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
432:
429:
428:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
347:
346:Standing army
344:
342:
339:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
271:
270:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
244:
241:
239:
238:pike and shot
236:
235:
234:
231:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
205:
200:
199:
195:
191:
190:
184:
176:
172:
171:
167:
166:
157:
154:
146:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
107:
104: –
103:
99:
98:Find sources:
92:
88:
82:
81:
76:This article
74:
70:
65:
64:
59:
55:
51:
44:
37:
33:
19:
10758:
10747:
10726:
10722:}}
10718:{{
10605:}}
10601:{{
10596:}}
10594:World War II
10592:{{
10587:}}
10583:{{
10578:}}
10574:{{
10568:
10562:}}
10558:{{
10553:}}
10549:{{
10544:}}
10540:{{
10535:}}
10531:{{
10526:}}
10522:{{
10516:
10512:}}
10508:{{
10503:}}
10499:{{
10494:}}
10490:{{
10456:
10426:
10406:
10378:
10364:Conscription
10358:
10339:Peace treaty
10325:
10030:Subterranean
9918:Radiological
9858:Conventional
9807:
9786:Early modern
9765:
9692:
9629:
9545:
9505:
9467:
9450:
9415:
9404:Combat knife
9394:Flamethrower
9359:
9355:Sniper rifle
9322:
9311:Machine guns
9297:
9234:
9096:
9070:
9060:
9025:
8930:
8899:Organization
8852:
8806:Naval units:
8805:
8801:Signal corps
8763:
8731:Development:
8730:
8720:
8699:Border guard
8662:Intelligence
8646:
8585:Armed Forces
8583:
8552:
8513:
8471:
8278:Tuckpointing
8232:Straightedge
8166:Stone veneer
7982:Stonemasonry
7932:
7887:Siege engine
7855:Other topics
7779:Related word
7745:Defense line
7709:Tower castle
7664:Bastion fort
7648:Urban castle
7576:Ganerbenburg
7574:
7529:Water castle
7505:Ridge castle
7490:Marsh castle
7305:Bomb shelter
7285:Belgian gate
7258:20th century
7169:19th century
7107:Retrenchment
7079:Punji sticks
6988:Entrenchment
6983:Device Forts
6950:Counterguard
6885:Early modern
6815:Tower castle
6751:Powder tower
6726:Outer bailey
6638:Inner bailey
6612:Gulyay-gorod
6580:Ganerbenburg
6578:
6574:Fujian tulou
6516:Corner tower
6455:Chamber gate
6425:Bridge tower
6273:Trou de loup
6051:
5979:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5945:Bibliography
5934:
5894:
5885:
5866:
5860:
5848:. Retrieved
5839:
5829:
5820:
5815:
5803:
5791:Harris, J.,
5787:
5778:
5769:
5760:
5751:
5741:
5716:
5712:
5694:
5675:
5669:
5650:
5644:
5635:
5629:
5604:
5597:
5569:
5558:
5546:. Retrieved
5532:
5520:. Retrieved
5516:the original
5506:
5487:
5475:. Retrieved
5466:
5457:
5448:
5425:
5416:
5393:
5372:
5368:
5349:
5343:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5299:
5280:
5274:
5265:
5256:
5244:. Retrieved
5238:
5226:
5217:
5207:– via
5201:. Retrieved
5193:
5184:
5172:. Retrieved
5140:the original
5135:
5126:
5120:(in German).
5117:
5107:
5088:
5082:
5071:. Retrieved
5056:
5045:. Retrieved
5030:
5019:. Retrieved
5005:
4994:. Retrieved
4980:
4969:. Retrieved
4960:
4951:
4940:. Retrieved
4936:the original
4931:
4922:
4905:
4899:
4889:
4879:19 September
4877:. Retrieved
4872:
4862:
4837:
4827:
4816:. Retrieved
4812:
4803:
4796:Jackson 1911
4779:Jackson 1911
4774:
4730:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4657:Camp Bastion
4646:
4638:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4609:
4601:infiltration
4595:
4592:
4573:
4563:
4552:
4517:
4509:
4486:open terrain
4479:
4467:
4453:. Defending
4448:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4400:Maginot Line
4364:World War II
4356:
4321:
4296:
4294:in France).
4288:
4284:
4261:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4215:
4183:
4180:19th century
4139:
4130:sea fortress
4116:
4106:
4095:
4090:bastion fort
4076:
4061:black powder
4050:
4013:(Italy), or
3984:
3923:
3882:
3866:
3847:
3841:
3830:
3810:Caravanserai
3791:
3783:Banu Qurayza
3752:
3689:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3657:
3629:
3627:
3480:
3476:World War II
3457:
3390:
3386:Ming dynasty
3374:Tang dynasty
3347:rammed earth
3344:
3280:Indian Ocean
3273:
3242:Arthashastra
3240:
3232:Gwalior Fort
3208:Chittor Fort
3189:
3176:
3170:
3120:Ahichchhatra
3100:Mohenjo-daro
3049:(modern day
3036:
2986:Roman Empire
2980:
2972:Newport Arch
2941:
2917:Ancient Rome
2882:
2880:
2839:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2776:
2733:and ancient
2717:
2657:
2633:
2622:
2583:
2575:
2551:
2547:poliorcetics
2528:
2526:
2518:
2503:
2497:January 2013
2494:
2479:Please help
2467:
2449:Nomenclature
2423:
2408:black powder
2401:
2383:
2364:
2345:
2319:
2266:, Colombia.
2249:Old San Juan
2216:construction
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2091:Fifth column
2071:War resister
2066:Women in war
1961:Peacekeeping
1906:Arms control
1851:
1540:Mobilization
1535:Conscription
1493:Intelligence
1446:Organization
1087:
1016:Encirclement
896:Radiological
832:Conventional
686:Subterranean
665:
593:Development:
592:
569:
531:
493:
456:Naval units:
455:
448:Signal corps
415:
378:Intelligence
358:Specialties:
357:
282:Organization
233:Early modern
149:
143:January 2013
140:
130:
123:
116:
109:
97:
85:Please help
80:verification
77:
10727:Categories:
10668:Disarmament
10585:World War I
10344:Cooperation
10258:Culminating
10182:Operational
10127:Envelopment
10047:Information
9966:Cold-region
9933:Battlespace
9791:Late modern
9771:Prehistoric
9693:Historical:
9630:Facilities:
9156:Armored car
9031:Naval fleet
8769:Combat arms
8764:Land units:
8721:Categories:
8704:Coast guard
8689:Gendarmerie
8612:Space force
8553:Categories:
8467:Recruitment
8187:Bush hammer
8122:Lime mortar
8001:Rustication
7786:Castle town
7643:Toll castle
7612:Lustschloss
7594:Kaiserpfalz
7524:Spur castle
7519:Rock castle
7460:Hill castle
7455:Cave castle
7415:Spider hole
7315:Bremer wall
7280:Barbed tape
7176:Barbed wire
6850:Witch tower
6820:Tower house
6810:Toll castle
6796:Shield wall
6716:Murder hole
6605:Guard tower
6222:Pincer gate
6169:Faussebraye
5754:. Academia.
5198:McGraw-Hill
4665:Afghanistan
4661:Leatherneck
4651:up to huge
4392:Stalin Line
4331:World War I
4268:blockhouses
4256:blockhouses
4233:blockhouses
4170:Suomenlinna
4166:archipelago
4148:, of which
4126:Suomenlinna
4105:which were
4057:battlefield
3925:Roman forts
3792:During the
3472:Pasig River
3460:Spanish Era
3458:During the
3443:Philippines
3382:Qin dynasty
3362: 1600
3339:Jinshanling
3173:Maharashtra
3147:Afghanistan
3112:Pataliputra
3043:British Raj
2964:Porta Nigra
2682:3200 BC in
2675:Nile Valley
2667:Mesopotamia
2661:in ancient
2617:Han dynasty
2597:Carcassonne
2559:breastworks
2443:World War I
2385:Roman forts
2076:War studies
1899:Non-warfare
1827:Appeasement
1792:Martial law
1631:War economy
1570:Transgender
1523:Recruitment
1283:Containment
1168:Culminating
1148:Anti-access
1071:Operational
991:Envelopment
934:Air assault
815:Air cavalry
775:Air defence
755:Information
656:Cold-region
621:Battlespace
570:Historical:
416:Land units:
322:Space force
317:Coast guard
250:Late modern
211:Prehistoric
10774:Categories
10616:Categories
10462:War crimes
10447:Operations
10384:Government
10200:Blitzkrieg
10172:Withdrawal
10023:Underwater
9998:Amphibious
9940:Aerospace
9883:Electronic
9833:Camouflage
9828:Biological
9801:fourth-gen
9796:industrial
9625:Body armor
9613:Camouflage
9594:By country
9439:By country
9250:By country
9235:Artillery:
9149:By country
9066:Combat box
9036:Task force
9004:By country
8987:By country
8941:Field army
8936:Army group
8904:By country
8853:Air units:
8833:Submarines
8714:By country
8541:By country
8457:Technology
8341:Stone wall
8268:Repointing
8241:Techniques
8097:Fieldstone
8082:Cast stone
8036:Monumental
7811:Gatekeeper
7631:Ordensburg
7603:Landesburg
7410:Sentry gun
7365:Flak tower
7295:Blast wall
7215:Gun turret
7112:Sally port
7017:Kotta mara
6957:Couvreface
6921:Breastwork
6916:Blockhouse
6894:Abwurfdach
6845:Watchtower
6835:Wall tower
6791:Shell keep
6741:Portcullis
6736:Peel tower
6721:Neck ditch
6680:Landesburg
6628:Half tower
6586:Gate tower
6531:Drawbridge
6373:Battlement
6289:Wagon fort
6132:Chengqiang
5988:1857283937
5906:References
5685:0195170555
5577:. p.
5467:FilipiKnow
5174:22 October
5073:2013-05-04
5047:2013-05-04
5021:2013-05-04
4996:2013-05-04
4971:2013-05-04
4942:2013-05-04
4818:2021-01-23
4576:revetments
4548:minefields
4394:, and the
4341:, such as
4190:Star forts
4045:See also:
4005:(Cyprus),
3959:John Smith
3929:hill forts
3902:See also:
3855:concealed
3852:Yorubaland
3667:fortresses
3652:Intramuros
3553:Jolo, Sulu
3486:Intramuros
3466:, the old
3464:Intramuros
3353:since the
3319:See also:
3284:Portuguese
3088:Kalibangan
3059:Bangladesh
2863:See also:
2768:Long Walls
2720:Bronze Age
2712:Bronze Age
2648:Solnitsata
2640:Amnya Fort
2629:carnivores
2608:Early uses
2555:mechanical
2543:siegecraft
2430:Star forts
2389:hill forts
2209:stronghold
2136:War crimes
2126:Operations
2033:Foot drill
2003:Battle cry
1916:deterrence
1575:Harassment
1550:Specialism
1373:Technology
1368:Succession
1313:Liberation
1248:Asymmetric
1183:Empty fort
1089:Blitzkrieg
1058:Withdrawal
1021:Investment
800:Camouflage
795:Biological
733:Underwater
708:Amphibious
627:Aerospace
494:Air units:
471:Submarines
260:fourth-gen
255:industrial
243:napoleonic
113:newspapers
10483:Templates
10354:Mediation
10334:Alliances
10327:Diplomacy
10303:Offensive
10283:Defensive
10278:Deception
10248:Attrition
10132:Guerrilla
10080:Airbridge
9898:Loitering
9818:Artillery
9756:Diplomacy
9577:Equipment
9531:Torpedoes
9473:Land mine
9429:Anti-tank
9262:Field gun
9240:Artillery
9176:Gun truck
9161:Scout car
8999:Battalion
8892:Structure
8791:Artillery
8709:Logistics
8657:Engineers
8602:Air force
8336:Sculpture
8325:Footstone
8321:Headstone
8288:Brickwork
8273:Scabbling
8253:Flushwork
8149:Sandstone
8127:Limestone
8102:Flagstone
8065:Materials
8046:Sculpture
8011:Dry stone
7914:Guerrilla
7657:By design
7405:Revetment
7220:Land mine
7151:Star fort
6978:Crownwork
6973:Covertway
6906:Barricade
6547:Embrasure
6460:Chartaque
6390:Bergfried
6348:Arrowslit
6174:Gatehouse
6144:City gate
6105:Castellum
6071:Acropolis
5733:144422848
4901:Antiquity
4846:0261-6823
4721:companies
4619:in Iraq.
4540:Gibraltar
4376:radiation
4352:landmarks
4280:casemates
4272:magazines
4240:caponiers
4225:polygonal
4136:, Finland
4114:in 1554.
4015:Dubrovnik
4011:Palmanova
3979:New World
3914:Szprotawa
3873:stockades
3862:crossfire
3635:arrived.
3276:Sri Lanka
3274:Forts in
3248:Sri Lanka
3224:Amer Fort
3216:Rajasthan
3196:Old Delhi
3165:Rajasthan
3104:Kaushambi
3080:Dholavira
3031:Dholavira
2891:Near East
2881:The term
2795:Heuneburg
2756:cyclopean
2688:Assyrians
2537:. Laying
2468:does not
2359:castellum
2347:phrourion
2342:cyclopean
2268:Cartagena
2023:War novel
1926:Grey-zone
1886:War games
1847:Overmatch
1797:War crime
1747:Desertion
1737:Ceasefire
1732:Armistice
1619:Logistics
1597:Mercenary
1585:Volunteer
1516:Personnel
1488:Engineers
1433:Sociology
1388:World war
1383:Total war
1363:Strategic
1353:Religious
1338:Political
1333:Perpetual
1308:Irregular
1223:Offensive
1198:Defensive
1193:Deception
1153:Attrition
1001:Guerrilla
996:Formation
939:Airbridge
871:Loitering
785:Artillery
438:Artillery
373:Engineers
336:Irregular
307:Air force
10749:Category
10673:Pacifism
10603:Cold War
10560:Aircraft
10379:Related:
10230:Strategy
10215:Maneuver
10152:Swarming
9981:Mountain
9949:Airborne
9888:Infantry
9843:Chemical
9808:By type:
9736:Strategy
9559:Missiles
9487:Sea/Air:
9456:Infantry
9417:Missiles
9274:Howitzer
9090:Vehicles
9056:Squadron
9051:Flotilla
9046:Division
8982:Regiment
8958:Division
8858:Fighters
8821:Littoral
8811:Warships
8774:Infantry
8756:Branches
8642:Reserves
8627:Commando
8531:Uniforms
8442:Military
8435:Concepts
8424:Military
8304:Products
8258:Knapping
8051:Slipform
7939:Category
7929:See also
7816:Loophole
7704:Ringwork
7699:Ringfort
7624:Obstacle
7465:Hillfort
7385:Loophole
7183:Barbette
7158:Tenaille
7141:Sea fort
7071:Presidio
7031:Magazine
7012:Hornwork
6945:Cavalier
6940:Casemate
6933:Caponier
6776:Ringwork
6664:Detinets
6633:Hoarding
6538:Enceinte
6413:Bretèche
6358:Bartizan
6353:Barbican
6329:Alcazaba
6257:Stockade
6237:Ringfort
6217:Palisade
6189:Landwehr
6184:Hillfort
5850:15 March
5844:Archived
5796:Archived
5620:archived
5567:(1974).
5548:17 March
5542:Archived
5522:17 March
5495:Archived
5477:17 March
5471:Archived
5424:(1991).
5377:Sanskrit
5335:29757611
5067:Archived
5041:Archived
5015:Archived
4990:Archived
4965:Archived
4961:BBC News
4932:NBC News
4854:29544045
4838:AA Files
4747:and the
4717:platoons
4655:such as
4653:airbases
4542:and the
4502:used by
4463:brigades
4335:obsolete
4327:concrete
4174:Helsinki
4146:bastions
4134:Helsinki
4079:geometry
4072:ramparts
4023:PoÄŤitelj
4019:Ottomans
3918:bog iron
3755:Muhammad
3684:Mindanao
3536:, Manila
3488:, Manila
3419:and the
3401:Hangzhou
3264:Sigiriya
3200:Red Fort
3192:Red Fort
3151:bastions
3136:Mundigak
3092:mudbrick
3090:exhibit
3075:Kot Diji
3055:Pakistan
2954:and the
2895:Hittites
2865:Casemate
2853:Bibracte
2834:Iron Age
2811:Bibracte
2799:mudbrick
2684:Scotland
2644:Provadia
2439:concrete
2419:ramparts
2352:garrison
2290:hillfort
2287:Iron Age
2213:military
2205:fastness
2201:fortress
2038:War song
2013:War film
1646:Materiel
1565:Children
1545:Training
1483:Medicine
1468:Doctrine
1423:Training
1358:Resource
1343:Princely
1293:Economic
1278:Conquest
1273:Colonial
1268:Cold war
1253:Blockade
1133:Strategy
1105:Maneuver
866:Infantry
822:Chemical
676:Mountain
636:Airborne
499:Fighters
466:Warships
421:Infantry
363:Rifleman
327:Reserves
275:Military
10760:Commons
10678:DĂ©tente
10641:Related
10533:Weapons
10501:Weapons
10467:Writers
10437:Battles
10417:Weapons
10122:Foxhole
10097:Cavalry
10085:Airdrop
10075:Airlift
10057:Tactics
10018:Surface
9908:Nuclear
9893:Lawfare
9838:Cavalry
9823:Barrage
9776:Ancient
9766:By era:
9741:Tactics
9718:Warfare
9399:Bayonet
9382:Grenade
9365:Bazooka
9306:Pistols
9255:Battery
9223:Weapons
9209:Weapons
9097:Ground:
9016:Platoon
9009:By type
8992:By type
8975:By type
8970:Brigade
8868:Command
8863:Bombers
8816:Surface
8784:Cavalry
8679:Medical
8637:Militia
8632:Frogman
8607:Marines
8546:Highest
8497:Officer
8477:Soldier
8452:History
8447:Service
8248:Flaming
8112:Granite
8056:Snecked
8021:Masonry
8006:Carving
7846:Vedette
7836:Schloss
7801:Festung
7796:Dungeon
7791:Château
7735:Castles
7543:By role
7400:Pillbox
7230:Outpost
7146:Station
7134:Schanze
7117:Sandbag
7102:Redoubt
7086:Ravelin
7054:Palanka
7038:Orillon
7024:Lunette
6966:Coupure
6911:Bastion
6901:Arsenal
6869:Zwinger
6781:Roundel
6771:Ricetto
6746:Postern
6731:Outwork
6655:Kremlin
6526:Curtain
6501:Citadel
6485:Chemise
6445:Caltrop
6363:Bastion
6336:Alcázar
6232:Rampart
6210:Oppidum
6203:Nuraghe
6149:Crannog
6123:Castros
6059:Ancient
6016:ICOFORT
6008:at the
5933:(ed.).
5923::
5375:is the
5246:16 July
5203:16 July
4733:prisons
4673:sandbag
4631:sandbag
4596:expense
4482:terrain
4354:today.
4347:bunkers
4276:parapet
4158:Britain
4099:ravelin
4065:ditches
4053:cannons
4027:Vratnik
4003:Nicosia
3977:in the
3975:England
3971:Bermuda
3949:ditches
3933:castles
3877:British
3869:Ashanti
3857:ditches
3775:cavalry
3765:led by
3763:Muslims
3753:During
3669:called
3660:Igorots
3648:citadel
3571:Dapitan
3559:Masbate
3429:Beijing
3405:Nanjing
3292:British
3181:Shivaji
3167:, India
3116:Mathura
3084:Harrapa
3041:to the
2997:Hadrian
2976:Lincoln
2899:Ti'inik
2819:oppidum
2815:Gaulish
2772:Piraeus
2752:Mycenae
2692:palaces
2603:History
2589:monarch
2585:Castles
2489:removed
2474:sources
2412:ditches
2404:cannons
2375:monarch
2371:Castles
2338:Mycenae
2314:Utrecht
2220:warfare
2211:) is a
2151:Writers
2146:Weapons
2111:Battles
2060:Related
2048:Wargame
2043:Uniform
1991:Culture
1772:Perfidy
1767:Justice
1688:Science
1673:Outpost
1626:History
1606:Warrior
1602:Soldier
1590:foreign
1528:counter
1428:Service
1378:Theater
1318:Limited
1298:Endemic
1213:Nuclear
981:Foxhole
956:Cavalry
944:Airdrop
929:Airlift
914:Tactics
886:Nuclear
876:Missile
805:Cavalry
790:Barrage
768:Weapons
728:Surface
509:Command
504:Bombers
461:Frogman
431:Cavalry
388:Medical
350:Militia
332:Regular
312:Marines
226:castles
216:Ancient
204:History
183:outline
127:scholar
10752:
10452:Sieges
10389:Nation
10318:Policy
10273:Mosaic
10268:Fabian
10167:Trench
10137:Morale
10102:Charge
10092:Battle
10070:Aerial
10035:Tunnel
9976:Jungle
9971:Desert
9868:Denial
9746:Combat
9731:Battle
9601:Helmet
9547:Aerial
9478:Shells
9468:Other:
9451:Lists:
9446:Mortar
9286:Rocket
9114:Combat
9102:Ground
9026:Naval:
8826:Patrol
8567:Forces
8487:Airman
8482:Sailor
8472:Roles:
8331:Mosaic
8311:Castle
8283:Veneer
8212:Trowel
8197:Chisel
8144:Mortar
8132:Marble
8107:Gabion
8041:Rubble
7996:Ashlar
7841:Trench
7831:Picket
7242:Sangar
7195:Bunker
7127:Sconce
7047:Ostrog
6995:Flèche
6878:Modern
6857:Yagura
6825:Turret
6761:Reduit
6699:Merlon
6643:Kasbah
6621:Gusuku
6598:Glacis
6591:Gabion
6560:church
6467:Chashi
6450:Castle
6294:Laager
6282:Vallum
6239:(Rath)
6114:Castra
6096:Burgus
6066:Abatis
5986:
5929:". In
5917:
5873:
5731:
5682:
5657:
5612:
5585:
5436:
5404:
5356:
5333:
5287:
5095:
4852:
4844:
4706:gabion
4669:gabion
4500:bunker
4475:Soviet
4412:GBU-24
4390:, the
4154:Nordic
4107:frozen
4035:Bosnia
4029:, and
3997:, the
3943:. The
3937:Europe
3827:Africa
3820:, and
3814:Kasbah
3779:camels
3771:trench
3703:Manila
3631:idjang
3524:, Cebu
3468:walled
3413:Suzhou
3407:, the
3290:. The
3218:, the
3206:, the
3198:, the
3126:, and
3124:Rajgir
3096:Lothal
3019:, and
2944:Romans
2887:Israel
2875:Masada
2830:Oppida
2787:oppida
2781:, the
2764:Athens
2740:mortar
2731:Sparta
2653:Sesklo
2567:sangar
2563:timber
2395:. The
2234:facere
2228:fortis
2131:Sieges
1815:Theory
1555:Morale
1413:Policy
1408:Branch
1188:Mosaic
1178:Fabian
1120:Covert
1053:Trench
1038:Screen
961:Charge
951:Battle
924:Aerial
842:Denial
810:Horses
738:Seabed
691:Tunnel
671:Jungle
661:Desert
631:Aerial
398:Diving
393:Police
129:
122:
115:
108:
100:
56:, and
10800:Forts
10648:Peace
10524:Tanks
10510:Ranks
10399:Lists
10298:Naval
10288:Depth
10147:Siege
10042:Cyber
10013:Green
10008:Brown
9986:Urban
9954:Space
9903:Music
9878:Drone
9863:Cyber
9848:Class
9688:Radar
9683:Sonar
9640:Lists
9589:Lists
9564:Bombs
9507:Naval
9461:Heavy
9166:Truck
9144:Lists
9129:Armor
9021:Squad
8946:Corps
8931:Land:
8779:Armor
8558:Ranks
8519:Ranks
8293:Wythe
8175:Tools
8161:Slate
8137:Types
8117:Grout
8077:Brick
7989:Types
7882:Siege
7826:Palas
7770:Walls
7760:Forts
7723:Lists
7570:Fence
7512:Rocca
7380:Kabal
7095:Redan
7002:Gorge
6926:Canal
6803:Shiro
6766:Ribat
6756:Qalat
6568:Dzong
6564:house
6264:Sudis
6196:Limes
6154:Ditch
6087:Broch
6078:Agger
5729:S2CID
5373:Durga
5331:JSTOR
5308:(PDF)
4850:JSTOR
4766:Notes
4679:Forts
4455:tanks
4325:-and-
4323:Steel
4069:earth
4031:Jajce
3837:Nubia
3833:Kerma
3818:Ribat
3675:moong
3417:Xi'an
3366:siege
3337:near
3315:China
3288:Dutch
3071:Indus
3063:Nepal
3051:India
2968:Trier
2935:near
2783:Celts
2742:. In
2723:Malta
2663:Sumer
2636:walls
2625:caves
2593:noble
2539:siege
2522:walls
2437:-and-
2435:Steel
2416:earth
2379:noble
2356:Roman
2224:Latin
2207:, or
2104:Lists
1560:Women
1498:Ranks
1418:Staff
1348:Proxy
1263:Class
1218:Naval
1203:Depth
1033:Swarm
1026:Siege
1006:Naval
986:Drone
881:Music
856:Robot
852:Drone
837:Cyber
780:Armor
750:Cyber
723:Green
718:Brown
681:Urban
641:Space
562:Radar
557:Sonar
426:Armor
408:Pilot
403:Comms
383:Recon
368:Staff
341:Ranks
134:JSTOR
120:books
10432:Wars
10412:Wars
10293:Goal
10003:Blue
9961:Land
9618:List
9606:List
9554:Guns
9519:List
9499:List
9434:List
9409:List
9387:List
9375:List
9348:List
9336:List
9316:List
9291:List
9279:List
9267:List
9245:List
9228:List
9216:Land
9200:Rail
9188:List
9171:List
9134:Tank
9107:List
9061:Air:
8963:List
8951:List
8672:List
8597:Navy
8592:Army
8524:List
8426:and
8154:List
7892:list
7310:Buoy
6864:Yett
6706:Moat
6673:Ksar
6648:Keep
6440:Caer
6430:Burh
6406:Boom
6399:Berm
6378:Bawn
6343:Amba
6179:Gord
5984:ISBN
5973:copy
5871:ISBN
5852:2015
5804:Fort
5680:ISBN
5655:ISBN
5610:ISBN
5583:ISBN
5550:2015
5524:2015
5479:2015
5434:ISBN
5402:ISBN
5354:ISBN
5285:ISBN
5248:2022
5205:2022
5176:2021
5093:ISBN
4881:2024
4842:ISSN
4719:and
4687:The
4586:and
4480:The
4457:and
4128:, a
4067:and
3965:and
3927:and
3842:The
3678:the
3671:kota
3658:The
3622:and
3333:The
3323:and
3226:and
3210:and
3204:Agra
3177:durg
3061:and
2952:Rome
2942:The
2840:The
2813:, a
2735:Rome
2659:Uruk
2472:any
2470:cite
2414:and
2387:and
2197:fort
2141:Wars
1658:Base
1208:Goal
1115:Raid
713:Blue
651:Land
302:Navy
297:Army
106:news
10492:War
9993:Sea
9944:Air
9726:War
8428:war
6164:Dun
5721:doi
4910:doi
4691:in
4663:in
4204:of
4172:at
4168:of
4033:in
3969:in
3935:in
3835:in
3673:or
3427:in
3234:in
3214:in
3202:at
3194:at
2978:.
2974:in
2970:or
2966:in
2958:of
2950:of
2777:In
2718:In
2631:".
2591:or
2483:by
2377:or
1725:Law
1668:FOB
1663:MOB
703:Sea
175:War
89:by
34:or
10776::
7931::
6566:,
6562:,
5893:.
5842:.
5838:.
5802:,
5750:.
5727:.
5717:19
5715:.
5703:^
5618:,
5581:.
5579:96
5573:.
5540:.
5469:.
5465:.
5432:.
5430:62
5400:.
5384:^
5327:54
5325:.
5237:.
5196:.
5192:.
5166:.
5148:^
5134:.
5116:.
4959:.
4930:.
4906:97
4904:.
4898:.
4871:.
4848:.
4836:.
4811:.
4786:^
4743:,
4735:,
4671:,
4607:.
4582:,
4578:,
4410:A
4366:,
4037:.
4025:,
3816:,
3812:,
3439:.
3415:,
3411:,
3403:,
3359:c.
3238:.
3222:,
3187:.
3163:,
3140:c.
3122:,
3118:,
3114:,
3110:,
3106:,
3057:,
3053:,
3015:,
3011:,
2846:c.
2828:.
2599:.
2203:,
2199:,
2191:A
1604:/
854:/
348:/
334:/
52:,
10329::
9549::
9509::
9419::
9326::
9301::
8587::
8416:e
8409:t
8402:v
8327:)
8323:(
7974:e
7967:t
7960:v
6668:)
6660:(
6570:)
6297:)
6291:(
6044:e
6037:t
6030:v
5990:.
5975:.
5897:.
5879:.
5854:.
5806:(
5735:.
5723::
5688:.
5663:.
5591:.
5562:*
5552:.
5526:.
5481:.
5442:.
5410:.
5398:8
5362:.
5337:.
5310:.
5293:.
5211:.
5178:.
5101:.
5076:.
5050:.
5024:.
4999:.
4974:.
4945:.
4916:.
4912::
4883:.
4856:.
4821:.
4659:/
4382:.
3981:.
3920:.
3705:.
3357:(
3270:.
3138:(
2877:.
2836:.
2665:(
2510:)
2504:(
2499:)
2495:(
2491:.
2477:.
2274:.
2255:.
2180:e
2173:t
2166:v
185:)
181:(
156:)
150:(
145:)
141:(
131:·
124:·
117:·
110:·
83:.
60:.
45:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.