Yoga - Knowledge

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social obligations and the performance of public and domestic rituals. Indeed, there has been some debate as to whether asceticism and its ideas of retributive action, reincarnation and spiritual liberation, might not have originated outside the orthodox vedic sphere, or even outside Aryan culture: that a divergent historical origin might account for the apparent contradiction within 'Hinduism' between the world affirmation of the householder and the world negation of the renouncer. However, this dichotomization is too simplistic, for continuities can undoubtedly be found between renunciation and vedic Brahmanism, while elements from non-Brahmanical, Sramana traditions also played an important part in the formation of the renunciate ideal. Indeed there are continuities between vedic Brahmanism and Buddhism, and it has been argued that the Buddha sought to return to the ideals of a vedic society which he saw as being eroded in his own day."

5876: 21297: 4997: 11886:, p. 2: "In its earliest definition, in Pundarīka's eleventh-century Vimalaprabhā commentary on the Kālacakratantra, hathayoga is said to bring about the "unchanging moment" (aksaraksana) "through the practice of nāda by forcefully making the breath enter the central channel and through restraining the bindu of the bodhicitta in the vajra of the lotus of wisdom". While the means employed are not specified, the ends, in particular restraining bindu, semen, and making the breath enter the central channel, are similar to those mentioned in the earliest descriptions of the practices of hathayoga, to which I now turn." 6928: 7040: 4661: 20264: 3521: 70: 5694: 13632: 6278: 5867: 4912:, to meet them. Initially denied an audience, he was later invited because he was sent by a "king curious of wisdom and philosophy". Onesicritus and Calanus learn that the yogis consider life's best doctrines to "rid the spirit of not only pain, but also pleasure", that "man trains the body for toil in order that his opinions may be strengthened", that "there is no shame in life on frugal fare", and that "the best place to inhabit is one with scantiest equipment or outfit". According to 52: 6112: 6540: 22249: 3646: 7631:

the earliest redaction we can have some knowledge of, and that — for a critical history — it can serve, at the very most, only as a source for the Buddhism of this period. But we also know that even this is problematic ... In fact, it is not until the time of the commentaries of Buddhaghosa, Dhammapala, and others — that is to say, the fifth to sixth centuries CE — that we can know anything definite about the actual contents of canon."

6985:, and through a process of listening to (and meditating on) teachings. Qualities such as discrimination, renunciation, tranquility, temperance, dispassion, endurance, faith, attention, and a longing for knowledge and freedom are also desirable. Yoga in Advaita is a "meditative exercise of withdrawal from the particular and identification with the universal, leading to contemplation of oneself as the most universal, namely, Consciousness". 5209: 15486: 4509:... individuals who were active outside the trend of Vedic mythological creativity and the Brahminic religious orthodoxy and therefore little evidence of their existence, practices and achievements has survived. And such evidence as is available in the Vedas themselves is scanty and indirect. Nevertheless the indirect evidence is strong enough not to allow any doubt about the existence of spiritually highly advanced wanderers. 7408: 4236:, yoga has two meanings. The first meaning is yoga "as a general term to be translated as "disciplined meditation" that focuses on any of the many levels of ordinary awareness." In the second meaning yoga is "that specific system of thought (sāstra) that has for its focus the analysis, understanding and cultivation of those altered states of awareness that lead one to the experience of spiritual liberation." 7394: 3429: 5032:"seeks to appropriate yoga from the renunciate milieu in which it originated, teaching that it is compatible with worldly activity carried out according to one's caste and life stage; it is only the fruits of one's actions that are to be renounced." In addition to a chapter (chapter six) dedicated to traditional yoga practice (including meditation), it introduces three significant types of yoga: 6186: 7772:– general term for a multitude of religious practices, often quite different in method, but all having the same goal: to bring the consciousness of the practitioner to a state in which he can come to an experience of 'awakening,' 'liberation,' 'enlightenment.'" Kamalashila (2003) further allows that some Buddhist meditations are "of a more preparatory nature" (p. 4). 116: 4135:

senses, as in haṭha-yoga, or control of the breath (prāṇāyāma) and through it the mind, as in Patañjali's rājayoga. At its most neutral, yoga is therefore simply a technique, or set of techniques, including what is usually termed ‘meditation’, for attaining whatever soteriological or soteriological-cum-physiological transformation a particular tradition specifies."

5455:(the perfection of that process)". "Yoga (union) implies duality (as in joining of two things or principles); the result of yoga is the nondual state ... as the union of the lower self and higher Self. The nondual state is characterized by the absence of individuality; it can be described as eternal peace, pure love, Self-realization, or liberation." 7924:, p. 67): "Many westerners see yoga as a variation on the modern concern for health and fitness and a means of overcoming the stresses and strains of modern day living. Most of what passes for yoga in this context, however, bears little relation to traditional practices, institutionalised as they were within established traditions or lienages ( 7248:' belief that salvation came not through faith but through mystical inner knowledge. The letter also says, "one can see if and how might be enriched by meditation methods developed in other religions and cultures" but maintains the idea that "there must be some fit between the nature of prayer and Christian beliefs about ultimate reality." Some 4087:"Yogic experts state that yoga is the oneness of the individual Self (jiva) with the atman. Others understand it to be the ascertainment of Siva and the Self as non-different. The scholars of the Agamas say that it is a Knowledge which is of the nature of Siva's Power. Other scholars say it is the knowledge of the primordial Self." (25.1–3b) 6523:. Like yoga and Sankhya, Jainism believes in a number of individual selves bound by their individual karma. Only through the reduction of karmic influences and the exhaustion of collected karma can one become purified and released. Early Jain yoga seems to have been divided into several types, including meditation, abandonment of the body ( 5598:, each individual discovers the blissful, liberating sense of himself or herself as part of oneness with everything, everyone and the Universal Self. They both hold that the free conscience is transcendent, liberated and self-aware. Advaita Vedanta also encourages the use of Patanjali's yoga practices and the 7868:"... here is the cultivation of meditative and contemplative techniques aimed at producing what might, for the lack of a suitable technical term in English, be referred to as 'altered states of consciousness'. In the technical vocabulary of Indian religious texts such states come to be termed 'meditations' ( 3699:) "to attach, join, harness, yoke". According to Jones and Ryan, "The word yoga is derived from the root yuj, “to yoke,” probably because the early practice concentrated on restraining or “yoking in” the senses. Later the name was also seen as a metaphor for “linking” or “yoking to” God or the divine." 7630:

On the dates of the Pali canon, Gregory Schopen writes, "We know, and have known for some time, that the Pali canon as we have it — and it is generally conceded to be our oldest source — cannot be taken back further than the last quarter of the first century BCE, the date of the Alu-vihara redaction,

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Wynne states that "The Nasadiyasukta, one of the earliest and most important cosmogonic tracts in the early Brahminic literature, contains evidence suggesting it was closely related to a tradition of early Brahminic contemplation. A close reading of this text suggests that it was closely related to a

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Gavin Flood: "These renouncer traditions offered a new vision of the human condition which became incorporated, to some degree, into the worldview of the Brahman householder. The ideology of asceticism and renunciation seems, at first, discontinuous with the brahmanical ideology of the affirmation of

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is a contested term, but may be considered a school whose practices appeared in nearly-complete form in Buddhist and Hindu texts by about the 10th century CE. Tantric yoga developed complex visualizations, which included meditation on the body as a microcosm of the cosmos. It included mantras, breath

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There is no consensus on yoga's chronology or origins other than its development in ancient India. There are two broad theories explaining the origins of yoga. The linear model holds that yoga has Vedic origins (as reflected in Vedic texts), and influenced Buddhism. This model is mainly supported by

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Due to it's complicated historical development, and the broad array of definitions and usage in Indian religions, scholars have warned that yoga is hard, if not impossible, to define exactly. David Gordon White notes that "'Yoga' has a wider range of meanings than nearly any other word in the entire

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Richard King (1999): "Yoga in the more traditional sense of the term has been practised trhoughout South Asia and beyond and involves a multitude of techniques leading to spiritual and ethical purification. Hindu and Buddhist traditions alike place a great deal of emphasis upon the practice of yoga

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The Fatwas of Religious Council in Islamic affairs on Yoga. After carefully studied various reports and factual data, the Council unanimously agreed that this ancient India religious teachings, which involves physical and mental exercises, are Hinduism in nature known as wahdat al-wujud philosophy

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Werner writes, "The word Yoga appears here for the first time in its fully technical meaning, namely as a systematic training, and it already received a more or less clear formulation in some other middle Upanishads....Further process of the systematization of Yoga as a path to the ultimate mystic

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increased function at the six month mark, and modestly decreased pain after 3–4 months. The decrease in pain was found to be similar to other exercise programs designed for low-back pain, but the decrease is not large enough to be deemed clinically significant. Theories of the mechanism underlying

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writes that to Patanjali, "Yoga essentially consists of meditative practices culminating in attaining a state of consciousness free from all modes of active or discursive thought, and of eventually attaining a state where consciousness is unaware of any object external to itself, that is, is only

8126:, p. 15) "While many scholars prefer to locate hatha-yoga's formative years somewhere between the ninth and tenth centuries CE, coinciding with the estimated flourishing of the great siddhas Matsyendra and Goraksa, other researchers and practitioners of yoga look much farther back in time." 4357:

Thomas McEvilley favors a composite model in which a pre-Aryan yoga prototype existed in the pre-Vedic period and was refined during the Vedic period. According to Gavin D. Flood, the Upanishads differ fundamentally from the Vedic ritual tradition and indicate non-Vedic influences. However, the

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W. J. Johnson (2009): "A generic term for a wide variety of religious practices At its broadest, however, ‘yoga’ simply refers to a particular method or discipline for transforming the individual A narrower reading makes the practice contingent on, or derived from, control of the body and the

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The earliest extant systematic account of yoga and a bridge from the earlier Vedic uses of the term is found in the Hindu Katha Upanisad (Ku), a scripture dating from about the third century BCE ... t describes the hierarchy of mind-body constituents—the senses, mind, intellect, etc.—that

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is a yoga system which predated the Buddhist school. Since Jain sources are later than Buddhist ones, however, it is difficult to distinguish between the early Jain school and elements derived from other schools. Most of the other contemporary yoga systems alluded to in the Upanishads and some

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practices. The 2003 document was published as a 90-page handbook detailing the Vatican's position. The Vatican warned that concentration on the physical aspects of meditation "can degenerate into a cult of the body" and that equating bodily states with mysticism "could also lead to psychic

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A classic definition of yoga comes from Patanjali Yoga Sutras 1.2 and 1.3, which define yoga as "the stilling of the movements of the mind," and the recognition of Purusha, the witness-consciousness, as different from Prakriti, mind and matter. According to Larson, in the context of the

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to illustrate its ideas. Teaching seven stages of yoga practice, it was a major reference for medieval Advaita Vedanta yoga scholars and one of the most popular texts on Hindu yoga before the 12th century. Another text which teaches yoga from an Advaita point of view is the

6247:, also influenced the Western public's view of yoga. Esoteric views at the end of the 19th century encouraged the reception of Vedanta and yoga, with their correspondence between the spiritual and the physical. The reception of yoga and Vedanta entwined with the (primarily 3867:"When the five senses, along with the mind, remain still and the intellect is not active, that is known as the highest state. They consider yoga to be firm restraint of the senses. Then one becomes un-distracted for yoga is the arising and the passing away" (6.10–11) 7653:

manuscript was likely finalized sometime between the 2nd century BCE and the start of the common era. Wezler has proposed that the Yoga related text may have been inserted into this Sutra later, among other things; however, Bronkhorst finds much to disagree on with

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According to Edward Fitzpatrick Crangle, Hindu researchers have favoured a linear theory which attempts "to interpret the origin and early development of Indian contemplative practices as a sequential growth from an Aryan genesis"; traditional Hinduism regards the

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According to Samuel, Tantra is a contested concept. Tantra yoga may be described as practices in 9th to 10th century Buddhist and Hindu (Saiva, Shakti) texts which included yogic practices with elaborate deity visualizations using geometric arrays and drawings

9912: 3837:, and this Universe in its manifold forms, or because they join themselves (to him), therefore this (process of meditation) is called Yoga (joining). The oneness of breath, mind, and senses, and then the surrendering of all conceptions, that is called Yoga" 6395:

by 1984. The goal of haṭha yoga (spiritual liberation through energy) was largely replaced by the goals of fitness and relaxation, and many of its more esoteric components were reduced or removed. The term "hatha yoga" also refers to gentle yoga, often for

7128:) its focus. The laya-yogin seeks to transcend all memory traces and sensory experiences by dissolving the microcosm, the mind, in the transcendental Self-Consciousness." Laya yoga has a number of techniques which include listening to the "inner sound" ( 3852:"Pleasure and suffering arise as a result of the drawing together of the sense organs, the mind and objects. When that does not happen because the mind is in the self, there is no pleasure or suffering for one who is embodied. That is yoga" (5.2.15–16) 4282:

The earliest yoga-practices may have appeared in the Jain tradition at ca. 900 BCE.Speculations about yoga are documented in the early Upanishads of the first half of the first millennium BCE, with expositions also appearing in Jain and Buddhist texts

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aim." Likewise, Bodhi (1999) writes: "To arrive at the experiential realization of the truths it is necessary to take up the practice of meditation.... At the climax of such contemplation the mental eye … shifts its focus to the unconditioned state,

4818:(probably composed between the fifth and third centuries BCE), where it is defined as steady control of the senses which – with cessation of mental activity – leads to a supreme state. The Katha Upanishad integrates the 4222:

According to White, the last principle relates to legendary goals of yoga practice; it differs from yoga's practical goals in South Asian thought and practice since the beginning of the Common Era in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain philosophical schools.

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Philipp Maas (2013), A Concise Historiography of Classical Yoga Philosophy, in Periodization and Historiography of Indian Philosophy (Editor: Eli Franco), Sammlung de Nobili, Institut für Südasien-, Tibet- und Buddhismuskunde der Universität Wien,

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his dichotomization is too simplistic, for continuities can undoubtedly be found between renunciation and vedic Brahmanism, while elements from non-Brahmanical, Sramana traditions also played an important part in the formation of the renunciate

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movement, particularly in South Asia, adopted Indian yoga postures and breath control. Muhammad Ghawth, a 16th-century Shattari Sufi and translator of yoga text, was criticized for his interest in yoga and persecuted for his Sufi beliefs.

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Eliade writes of Gorakshanath on page 303: "...he accomplished a new synthesis among certain Shaivist traditions (Pashupata), tantrism, and the doctrines (unfortunately, so imperfectly known) of the siddhas – that is, of the perfect

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This understanding of yoga as union with the divine is also informed by the medieaval synthesis of Advaita Vedanta and yoga, with the Advaita Vedanta-tradition explicitly incorporating elements from the yogic tradition and texts like the

5255:. Yoga and samkhya have some differences; yoga accepted the concept of a personal god, and Samkhya was a rational, non-theistic system of Hindu philosophy. Patanjali's system is sometimes called "Seshvara Samkhya", distinguishing it from 7603:

VIII.15, page 488: (He who engages in self study),—and having withdrawn all his sense-organs into the Self,—never causing pain to any living beings, except in places specially ordained,—one who behaves thus throughout life reaches the

4336:: " does not derive from Brahman-Aryan sources, but reflects the cosmology and anthropology of a much older pre-Aryan upper class of northeastern India – being rooted in the same subsoil of archaic metaphysical speculation as Yoga, 4787:, the Kesin and meditating ascetics, but the meditation practices are not called "yoga" in these texts. The earliest known discussions of yoga in Buddhist literature, as understood in a modern context, are from the later Buddhist 6170:

O Yogi, Nanak tells nothing but the truth. You must discipline your mind. The devotee must meditate on the Word Divine. It is His grace which brings about the union. He understands, he also sees. Good deeds help one merge into

10747:, "From a historical perspective, the Brahmasutras are best understood as a group of sutras composed by multiple authors over the course of hundreds of years, most likely composed in its current form between 400 and 450 BCE." 4178:

A meditative means of discovering dysfunctional perception and cognition, as well as overcoming it to release any suffering, find inner peace, and salvation. Illustration of this principle is found in Hindu texts such as the

7332:, a Malaysian women's-rights group, expressed disappointment and said that yoga was a form of exercise. Malaysia's prime minister clarified that yoga as exercise is permissible, but the chanting of religious mantras is not. 5581:

are the two largest surviving schools of Hindu traditions. Although they share many principles, concepts, and the belief in Self, they differ in degree, style, and methods; yoga accepts three means to obtain knowledge, and

4267:, "discerning the real from the unreal," liberating insight into true reality. Buswell & Lopez state that "in Buddhism, a generic term for soteriological training or contemplative practice, including tantric practice." 7593:– Part 1, Oxford University Press: (He who engages in) self study, concentrates all his senses on the Self, never giving pain to any creature, except at the tîrthas, he who behaves thus all his life, reaches the world of 7552:

tradition of early Brahminic contemplation. The poem may have been composed by contemplatives, but even if not, an argument can be made that it marks the beginning of the contemplative/meditative trend in Indian thought."

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While yoga is often conflated with the "classical yoga" of Patanjali's yoga sutras, Karen O'Brien-Kop notes that "classical yoga" is informed by, and includes, Buddhist yoga. Regarding Buddhist yoga, James Buswell in his

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Barbara Stoler Miller, "Yoga: Discipline of Freedom: the Yoga Sutra Attributed to Patanjali; a Translation of the Text, with Commentary, Introduction, and Glossary of Keywords." University of California Press, 1996, p.

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began to emerge. The Middle Ages saw the development of a number of yoga satellite traditions. It and other aspects of Indian philosophy came to the attention of the educated Western public during the mid-19th century.

11874:, p. 2: "The earliest references to hathayoga are scattered mentions in Buddhist canonical works and their exegesis dating from the eighth century onwards, in which it is the soteriological method of last resort." 3982:) of the three beginning with correct knowledge, since conjunction with liberation....In common usage this yoga also contact with the causes of these , due to the common usage of the cause for the effect." (2, 4). 7272:. Although Al-Biruni's translation preserved many core themes of Patañjali's yoga philosophy, some sutras and commentaries were restated for consistency with monotheistic Islamic theology. Al-Biruni's version of the 6205:, the first Hindu teacher to advocate and disseminate elements of yoga to a Western audience, toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s. His reception built on the interest of intellectuals who included the 6137:

with posture and breathing exercises. It marks the development of asanas into the full-body postures in current popular use and, with its modern variations, is the style presently associated with the word "yoga".

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are also influenced by the Sramana traditions of Buddhism and Jainism, and may be a further Brahmanical attempt to adopt yoga from those traditions. Larson noted a number of parallels in ancient samkhya, yoga and

4843:(another late-first-millennium BCE text) describe a procedure in which the body is upright, the breath is restrained and the mind is meditatively focused, preferably in a cave or a place that is simple and quiet. 4227:

disagrees with the inclusion of supernatural accomplishments, and suggests that such fringe practices are far removed from the mainstream Yoga's goal as meditation-driven means to liberation in Indian religions.

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which may be related to hathayogic techniques such as mahāmudrā, mahābandha, mahāvedha, mūlabandha, and vajrāsana in which pressure is put on the perineum with the heel, in order to force upwards the breath or

14048: 3770:(concentration). Larson notes that in the Vyāsa Bhāsy the term "samadhi" refers to "all levels of mental life (sārvabhauma), that is, "all possible states of awareness, whether ordinary or extraordinary." 4727:

contains three passages in which the Buddha describes pressing the tongue against the palate to control hunger or the mind, depending on the passage. There is no mention of the tongue inserted into the

13797:(oneness of existence; the realization of identity between the Self in man, Atman; and the Divine, BRAHMAN: 'Brahman is all, and Atman is Brahman'). It is prohibited (haram) for Muslims to practice it. 13383: 4707:

Werner writes, "The Buddha was the founder of his system, even though, admittedly, he made use of some of the experiences he had previously gained under various Yoga teachers of his time." He notes:

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A path to omniscience and enlightened consciousness enabling one to comprehend the impermanent (illusive, delusive) and permanent (true, transcendent) reality. Examples of this are found in Hinduism

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arises from "the subtlest meditative stage, called absorption in mind and heart" which "involves enheightened experiences" through which seer "explores the mysterious psychic and cosmic forces...".

4531:), mystical experience, and the engagement with a reality far greater than our psychological identity or the ego." Jacobsen wrote in 2018, "Bodily postures are closely related to the tradition of ( 12218: 7936:), structured according to hierarchical and initiatory stages of development and bound up with an ascetic lifestyle and world-view very different from the concerns of the modern western urbanite." 6289:, sometimes accompanied by breathing exercises and usually ending with a period of relaxation or meditation. It is often known simply as "yoga", despite older Hindu traditions (some dating to the 10130:, pp. 20–21, "The Buddha himself is said to have tried both pressing his tongue to the back of his mouth, in a manner similar to that of the hathayogic khecarīmudrā, and ukkutikappadhāna, a 4450:, the only texts preserved from the early Vedic period and codified between c. 1200 and 900 BCE, contain references to yogic practices primarily related to ascetics outside, or on the fringes of 13694: 6977:(yoga of knowledge), which aims at realizing the identity of one's atman (individual consciousness) with Brahman (the Absolute consciousness). The most influential thinker of this school is 13979: 5172:

eras (c. 200 BCE – 500 CE), and systems of yoga began to emerge; a number of texts from these traditions discussed and compiled yoga methods and practices. Key works of the era include the

4105:"The union of apana and prana, one's own rajas and semen, the sun and moon, the individual Self and the supreme Self, and in the same way the union of all dualities, is called yoga. " (89) 10217: 7882:); the attainment of such states of consciousness was generally regarded as bringing the practitioner to deeper knowledge and experience of the nature of the world." (Gethin, 1998, p. 10.) 5138:

school of Hinduism, also discusses yoga. Estimated as completed in its surviving form between 450 BCE and 200 CE, its sutras assert that yoga is a means to attain "subtlety of body". The

4527:), breath control practiced in conjunction with the recitation of sacred hymns during the ritual, the notion of self-sacrifice, impeccably accurate recitation of sacred words (prefiguring 4194:

The raising and expansion of consciousness from oneself to being coextensive with everyone and everything. These are discussed in sources such as in Hinduism Vedic literature and its epic

6162:, a Hindu community which practiced yoga. Guru Nanak rejected the austerities, rites and rituals associated with hatha yoga, advocating sahaja yoga or nama yoga instead. According to the 13147:"T.K.V. Desikachar's English translation of a 700-year-old text introduces Westerners to one of the earliest hatha yoga manuals (Review of Yogayajnavalkya Samhita by T.K.V. Desikachar)" 6403:

Yoga has developed into a worldwide, multi-billion-dollar business involving classes, teacher certification, clothing, books, videos, equipment, and holidays. The ancient, cross-legged

4830:. Yoga is viewed as a process of interiorization, or ascent of consciousness. The upanishad is the earliest literary work which highlights the fundamentals of yoga. According to White, 4893:

reached India in the 4th century BCE. In addition to his army, he brought Greek academics who wrote memoirs about its geography, people, and customs. One of Alexander's companions was

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comprise the foundational categories of Sāmkhya philosophy, whose metaphysical system grounds the yoga of the Yogasutras, Bhagavad Gita, and other texts and schools (Ku3.10–11; 6.7–8).

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The effect of postural yoga on physical and mental health has been a subject of study, with evidence that regular yoga practice is beneficial for low back pain and stress. In 2017, a

4916:, these principles are significant in the history of yoga's spiritual side and may reflect the roots of "undisturbed calmness" and "mindfulness through balance" in the later works of 13490: 4715:

that we can speak about a systematic and comprehensive or even integral school of Yoga practice, which is thus the first and oldest to have been preserved for us in its entirety.

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is an early form of sacrificial mysticism and contains many elements characteristic of later Yoga that include: concentration, meditative observation, ascetic forms of practice (

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goal is obvious in subsequent Yoga Upanishads and the culmination of this endeavour is represented by Patanjali's codification of this path into a system of the eightfold Yoga."

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origins, but is first attested in the early first millennium BCE. It developed as various traditions in the eastern Ganges basin drew from a common body of practices, including

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does not describe yoga, and there is little evidence of practices. The earliest description of "an outsider who does not belong to the Brahminic establishment" is found in the

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Hindu scholars. According to the synthesis model, yoga is a synthesis of indigenous, non-Vedic practices with Vedic elements. This model is favoured in Western scholarship.

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as a means of attaining liberation from the world of rebirth and yogic practices have been aligned with a variety of philosophical theories and metaphyx=sical positions."

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In its broadest sense, yoga is a generic term for techniques aimed at controlling body and mind and attaining a soteriological goal as specified by a specific tradition:

10764:, page 36, ""on the whole, scholars are rather unanimous, considering the most probable date for Brahmasutra sometime between the 2nd-century BCE and the 2nd-century CE" 4214:

A technique for entering into other bodies, generating multiple bodies, and the attainment of other supernatural accomplishments. These are, states White, described in

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was pioneered by Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi, the Rajah of Aundh, during the 1920s. Many standing poses used in gymnastics were incorporated into yoga by

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school, estimated as composed between the sixth century BCE and the secondcentury CE—discusses yoga in sutras 4.2.38–50. It includes a discussion of yogic ethics,

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John Bowker (2000): "The means or techniques for transforming consciousness and attaining liberation (mokṣa) from karma and rebirth (saṃsāra) in Indian religions."

4564:). Alexander Wynne agrees that formless, elemental meditation might have originated in the Upanishadic tradition. An early reference to meditation is made in the 7793:

literally means "development" as in "mental development." For the association of this term with "meditation," see Epstein (1995), p. 105; and, Fischer-Schreiber

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and yoga as commercial ventures which could lead to extremism. According to Bardakoğlu, reiki and yoga could be a form of proselytizing at the expense of Islam.

6263:. With the introduction of tantra traditions and philosophy, the conception of the "transcendent" attained by yogic practice shifted from the mind to the body. 5761:

traditions. Mallinson and Singleton write that the study of Yogācāra Buddhism is essential to understand yoga's early history, and its teachings influenced the

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Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark (2010). "Master of Animals and Animal Masters in the Iconography of the Indus Tradition". In Counts, Derek B.; Arnold, Bettina (eds.).

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visited India, lived with Hindus for 16 years, and (with their help) translated several Sanskrit works into Arabic and Persian; one of these was Patanjali's

14007: 10465: 4905:), who describes yogis. Onesicritus says that the yogis were aloof and adopted "different postures – standing or sitting or lying naked – and motionless". 6915:

Unlike Sāṅkhya, which takes a non-theistic approach, the yoga school of Hinduism accepts a "personal, yet essentially inactive, deity" or "personal god" (

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texts were the main source of Buddhist knowledge imported into Tibet, and were later translated into Chinese and other Asian languages. The Buddhist text

5594:, each individual discovers the blissful, liberating sense of himself or herself as an independent identity; Advaita Vedanta teaches that in the state of 4131:

Damien Keown (2004): "Any form of spiritual discipline aimed at gaining control over the mind with the ultimate aim of attaining liberation from rebirth."

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Some scholars are now considering the image to be an instance of Lord of the Beasts found in Eurasian neolithic mythology or the widespread motif of the

5998:, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. Elements of Tantric rituals were adopted by, and influenced, state functions in medieval Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in 4814:, contain the first references to practices recognizable as classical yoga. The first known appearance of the word "yoga" in the modern sense is in the 4367:

The ascetic traditions of the eastern Ganges plain are thought to drew from a common body of practices and philosophies, with proto-samkhya concepts of

4062:"To have self-mastery is to be a Yogin. The term Yogin means "one who is necessarily "conjoined with" the manifestation of his nature...the Siva-state ( 20956: 13439: 12513: 22844: 8155:

the one knower of all manifestation of knowledge, he alone orders the things of the sacrifice. Great is the praise of Savitri, the creating godhead.

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The first references to hatha yoga are in eighth-century Buddhist works. The earliest definition of hatha yoga is in the 11th-century Buddhist text

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Worthington writes, "Yoga fully acknowledges its debt to Jainism, and Jainism reciprocates by making the practice of yoga part and parcel of life."

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Classical yoga incorporates epistemology, metaphysics, ethical practices, systematic exercises and self-development for body, mind and spirit. Its

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Dan Lusthaus. Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch'eng Wei-shih Lun. Published 2002 (Routledge).

3687: 15986: 14474: 12559: 11134:

Arti Dhand (2002), The dharma of ethics, the ethics of dharma: Quizzing the ideals of Hinduism, Journal of Religious Ethics, 30(3), pages 347–372

10874: 5237:(c. 325–425 CE); some scholars believe that it included the sutras and a commentary. As the name suggests, the metaphysical basis of the text is 7600: 5396:(c. 350–450 CE). Patanjali defines the word "yoga" in his second sutra, and his terse definition hinges on the meaning of three Sanskrit terms. 18824: 7621:. For example, the earliest written Pali Canon text is dated to the later part of the 1st century BCE, many centuries after the Buddha's death. 6892:(consciousness), the plural consciousnesses which are the intelligent principles of the world. Moksha (liberation) results from the isolation ( 13184:

James Mallinson (2011). Knut A. Jacobsen; et al., eds. Haṭha Yoga in the Brill Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 3. Brill Academic. pp. 770–781.

7382:

in 2017, contributing to making it legal and recognized despite being allegedly threatened by her community who asserts yoga as "un-Islamic".

20788: 17706: 7564:

Jacobsen writes that dhyana (meditation) is derived from the Vedic term dhih which refers to "visionary insight", "thought provoking vision".

5665:. The origin of the 12-chapter text has been traced to the second century BCE and the fourth century CE. A number of yoga texts, such as the 13618:

S Pines and T Gelblum (Translators from Arabic to English, 1966), Al-Bīrūni (Translator from Sanskrit to Arabic, ~ 1035 AD), and Patañjali,

7640:

For the date of this Upanishad see also Helmuth von Glasenapp, from the 1950 Proceedings of the "Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literatur"

4174:

writes that yoga's core principles were more or less in place in the 5th century CE, and variations of the principles developed over time:

16158: 13240:

On page 140, David Gordon White says about Gorakshanath: "... hatha yoga, in which field he was India's major systematizer and innovator."

7738:"The Meditation school, called 'Ch'an' in Chinese from the Sanskrit 'dhyāna,' is best known in the West by the Japanese pronunciation 'Zen 5373:; unlike Buddhism's "no self or soul", however, yoga (like Samkhya) believes that each individual has a self. The third concept which the 4294:. Between 200 BCE and 500 CE, traditions of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain philosophy were taking shape; teachings were collected as 18640: 17313: 16466: 12137: 6884: 4623: 18657: 12691:

Wieland, L. Susan; Skoetz, Nicole; Pilkington, Karen; Vempati, Ramaprabhu; D'Adamo, Christopher R.; Berman, Brian M. (12 January 2017).

12595: 8153:: The illumined yoke their mind and they yoke their thoughts to the illuminating godhead, to the vast, to the luminous in consciousness; 4771:

The chronology of these yoga-related early Buddhist texts, like the ancient Hindu texts, is unclear. Early Buddhist sources such as the

4537:), ascetic practices in the Vedic tradition"; ascetic practices used by Vedic priests "in their preparations for the performance of the 4270:

O'Brien-Kop further notes that "classical yoga" is not an independent category, but "was informed by the European colonialist project."

22356: 22285: 22217: 19972: 16153: 16148: 13812: 7244:

disturbance and, at times, to moral deviations." Such has been compared to the early days of Christianity, when the church opposed the

5685:(Swastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta and Mayura), a number of breathing exercises for body cleansing, and meditation. 10389:(German: 1897; English Translated by Bedekar & Palsule, Reprint: 2010), Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Vol 1, Motilal Banarsidass, 12776: 7147:

with breath and body techniques, uniting them with universal consciousness. A common teaching method awakens kundalini in the lowest

6994: 164: 17408: 11835:, p. 13: "This phenomenon merits special attention since yogic roots are to be found in the Zen Buddhist school of meditation." 4263:

treats yoga in his entry on meditation, stating that the aim of meditation is to attain samadhi, which serves as the foundation for

14744: 14077: 12472: 10906:

Lloyd Pflueger, Person Purity and Power in Yogasutra, in Theory and Practice of Yoga (Editor: Knut Jacobsen), Motilal Banarsidass,

15074: 13769:, in Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Debate and Conflict (Editors: Fred De Jong and Berndt Radtke), Brill, 1999 7151:

and guides it through the central channel to unite with the absolute consciousness in the highest chakra, at the top of the head.

6193:

Yoga and other aspects of Indian philosophy came to the attention of the educated Western public during the mid-19th century, and

13779: 10839:

Karl Potter (2004), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Indian metaphysics and epistemology, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass,

6981:(8th century), who wrote commentaries and other works on jñāna yoga. In Advaita Vedanta, jñāna is attained from scripture, one's 5263:

says, "The two philosophies were in popular parlance distinguished from each other as Samkhya with and Samkhya without a Lord."

2336: 927: 4557:

outside of or on the fringe of the Brahmanical ritual order, have probably contributed more to the ascetic practices of yoga."

4467:

suggests an early Brahmanic contemplative tradition. Techniques for controlling breath and vital energies are mentioned in the

13249:

Bajpai writes on page 524: "Nobody can dispute about the top ranking position of Sage Gorakshanath in the philosophy of Yoga."

8782:

American Heritage Dictionary: "Yogi, One who practices yoga." Websters: "Yogi, A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic."

7579:प्याहिँसन्सर्व भूतान्यन्यत्र तीर्थेभ्यः स खल्वेवं वर्तयन्यावदायुषं ब्रह्मलोकमभिसंपद्यते न च पुनरावर्तते न च पुनरावर्तते॥ १॥ – 6720:

is insight or penetrative understanding into the true nature of phenomena, also defined as "seeing things as they truly are" (

6296:

Yoga as exercise is part of a modern yoga renaissance, a 20th-century blend of Western gymnastics and haṭha yoga pioneered by

6058:, a discipline which includes breath work, meditation and other exercises. Nyingma meditation is divided into stages, such as 22829: 22366: 17673: 15385: 15343: 15317: 15276: 15222: 15170: 15120: 15087: 15042: 14986: 14953: 14923: 14817: 14788: 14682: 14593: 14565: 14524: 14505: 14463: 14418: 14372: 14346: 14324: 14303: 14279: 14260: 14174: 14155: 14132: 13963: 13824: 13656: 13473: 13189: 13172: 13072: 12989: 12872: 12532: 12442: 12390: 12355: 12329: 12161: 11958: 11931: 11856: 11679: 11555: 11407: 11344: 11188: 11119: 10891: 10811: 10761: 10740: 10713: 10683: 10655: 10626: 10604: 10596: 10579: 10376: 10254: 10042: 9978: 9897: 8815: 8651: 7236: 7059:

Hatha yoga focuses on physical and mental strength-building exercises and postures described primarily in three Hindu texts:

6439:

these changes include the increase in strength and flexibility, physical and mental relaxation and increased body awareness.

12815:

Pragya, Samani Pratibha (2017), Prekṣā meditation : history and methods. PhD Thesis, SOAS, University of London, p. 42.

21767: 19482: 19359: 7358:

According to Iran's yoga association, the country had about 200 yoga centres in May 2014. One-quarter were in the capital,

5113:

describes yoga as "a state where the mind resides only in the Self and therefore not in the senses". This is equivalent to

4513:

According to Whicher (1998), scholarship frequently fails to see the connection between the contemplative practices of the

2215: 13886: 13762: 13577: 8221:'s full embrace and propagation of Yogic samadhi as an Advaita means of knowledge of the identity of the individual self ( 5970:

is a range of esoteric traditions which had begun to arise in India by the 5th century CE. Its use suggests that the word

4693: 19934: 15863: 10472:

Book XV, Chapter 1, see Sections 63–65, Loeb Classical Library edition, Harvard University Press, Translator: H. L. Jones

8104:, p. xxxiv): "Most scholars date the text shortly after the turn of the Common Era (circa first to second century)." 5847:, indicating cross-fertilization between these traditions. Hinduism's influence on Jain yoga may be seen in Haribhadra's 4983:, and some verses describe them as identical. Mokshadharma also describes an early practice of elemental meditation. The 4243:), Brahman, or God, a "union, a linking of the individual to the divine." This definition is based on the devotionalism ( 12086:

Flood, Gavin D., Body and Cosmology in Kashmir Saivism, San Francisco, 1993: Mellen Research University Press, pp.229ff.

10790:

B. K. Matilal (1986), "Perception. An Essay on Classical Indian Theories of Knowledge", Oxford University Press, p. xiv.

18817: 15018: 14903: 14659: 13680: 13361: 13092: 11168: 11151: 10911: 10886:

Olivelle, Patrick (2013), King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra, Oxford University Press,

10844: 10778: 10773:

Jeaneane Fowler (2002), Perspectives of Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Hinduism, Sussex Academic Press,

10394: 10176: 10095:, "Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo." Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1988, p. 44. 7252:

Christian organizations consider yoga to be incompatible with their religious background, considering it a part of the

4560:

According to Bryant, practices recognizable as classical yoga first appear in the Upanishads (composed during the late

3884:"Yoga is skill in action" (2.50) "Know that which is called yoga to be separation from contact with suffering" (6.23) 3459: 13856: 3092: 20890: 19487: 17699: 15409: 15364: 15255: 15189: 15149: 14841: 14396: 14238: 13564: 13541: 13316: 13039: 11985: 11821: 11805: 11789: 11773: 11754: 11729: 11427: 11263: 9641: 8755: 8699: 8121:, p. 20): "The techniques of hatha yoga are not taught in Sanskrit texts until the 11th century or thereabouts." 83: 13413: 11322:. B.B.R.A. Society's Monograph. Vol. 3. Bombay, India: Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 105. 9703:"God's Body, or, The Lingam Made Flesh: Conflicts over the Representation of the Sexual Body of the Hindu God Shiva" 7751:

For instance, Kamalashila (2003), p. 4, states that Buddhist meditation "includes any method of meditation that has

4696:

period. According to Mallinson and Singleton, these traditions were the first to use mind-body techniques (known as

22688: 22560: 21177: 10827: 7363: 5928:

of South India during the 6th to 9th centuries, became influential throughout India by the 12th to 15th centuries.

16874: 12041: 7218:, and some other Christian organizations have expressed concerns and disapproval with respect to some eastern and 22733: 20401: 16459: 13926: 7339:(MUI) imposed a 2009 fatwa banning yoga because it contains Hindu elements. These fatwas have been criticized by 7231: 6412: 2245: 1081: 17: 16514: 13622: 9969: 4676:, the "best evidence to date" suggests that yogic practices "developed in the same ascetic circles as the early 4451: 22278: 19965: 19472: 19339: 16806: 15693: 15529: 14295: 6820: 5849: 5459: 201: 18802: 12954: 12613:

Ross, Alyson; Thomas, Sue (2010). "The Health Benefits of Yoga and Exercise: A Review of Comparison Studies".

11200:

Kaelber, W. O. (1976). "Tapas", Birth, and Spiritual Rebirth in the Veda, History of Religions, 15(4): 343–386

10462: 10016: 6835:. The origins of classical yoga are unclear, although early discussions of the term appear in the Upanishads. 5844: 22869: 21800: 21790: 21227: 20925: 20151: 20114: 19899: 18810: 17508: 15106: 14774: 6218: 5267:

wrote that the systematization of yoga which began in the middle and early Yoga Upanishads culminated in the

3756:(to concentrate) is considered the correct etymology by traditional commentators. In accordance with Pāṇini, 3609:

Yoga is practiced worldwide, but "yoga" in the Western world often entails a modern form of Hatha yoga and a

1674: 14455:

American Veda. From Emerson and the Beatles to Yoga and Meditation. How Indian Spirituality Changed the West

7846: 7347:

Islamic seminary in India. Similar fatwas banning yoga for its link to Hinduism were imposed by Grand Mufti

6945:

is a varied tradition, with a number of sub-schools and philosophical views. It focuses on the study of the

6075: 21075: 19477: 18887: 17692: 17608: 17207: 15965: 15449: 13142: 11059: 10218:"Thinking Through The Body: The Conceptualization Of Yoga As Therapy For Individuals With Eating Disorders" 6737:

school developed new ideas on meditation and yoga in its later works, the most influential of which is the

6424: 4595: 3633:'s adaptation of yoga without asanas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Vivekananda introduced the 2225: 2165: 150: 11784:"Secret of the Vajra World: The Tantric Buddhism of Tibet" by Ray, Reginald A. Shambhala: 2002. pp. 37–38 10599:, pages 50, 130; Arvind Sharma (2000), Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, 6781:

developed and adopted tantric methods which are the basis of the Tibetan Buddhist yoga systems, including

6419:, and it has been celebrated annually around the world since 2015. On 1 December 2016, yoga was listed by 4941:(yoga of cessation), an early form of yoga, is described in the Mokshadharma section of the 12th chapter ( 773: 22864: 21805: 20235: 8238:

Tattvarthasutra , see Manu Doshi (2007) Translation of Tattvarthasutra, Ahmedabad: Shrut Ratnakar p. 102.

7764: ..." A similar although in some ways slightly broader definition is provided by Fischer-Schreiber 4955:

emphasizes progressive withdrawal from empirical consciousness, including thoughts and sensations, until

4719:

Early Buddhist texts describe yogic and meditative practices, some of which the Buddha borrowed from the

3773:

A person who practices yoga, or follows the yoga philosophy with a high level of commitment, is called a

3395: 3286: 1896: 17087: 10310: 5875: 5700:, a fourth-century scholar and co-founder of the Yogachara ("Yoga practice") school of Mahayana Buddhism 4164:

With prefixes such as "hatha-, mantra-, and laya-, traditions specialising in particular yoga techniques

22859: 22839: 22323: 22198: 21088: 20389: 19492: 19462: 19415: 19017: 18786: 18521: 17739: 17177: 17072: 16452: 15234:

Werner, Karel Werner (1977). "Yoga and the Ṛg Veda: An Interpretation of the Keśin Hymn (RV 10, 136)".

11114:

James Lochtefeld, "Yama (2)", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing.

9629: 9173: 8739: 7457: 6646: 6285:

The postural yoga of the Western world is a physical activity consisting of asanas (often connected by

5164:

The Indic traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism were taking shape during the period between the

3414: 3085: 2989: 1936: 1610: 1295: 607: 22118: 17032: 15490: 14480: 14386: 11800:"Secret of the Vajra World: The Tantric Buddhism of Tibet" by Ray, Reginald A. Shambhala: 2002. p. 57 5525:: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to the seated position used for meditation. 5105:

school of Hinduism, composed between the sixth and second centuries BCE, discusses yoga. According to

4856:, mentions a sixfold yoga method: breath control, introspective withdrawal of the senses, meditation ( 1931: 22834: 22743: 22271: 22158: 21928: 20884: 20861: 20806: 20177: 19958: 19349: 19334: 18495: 17353: 16939: 16509: 16377: 16245: 14877: 12371: 7850: 6967: 6416: 4417: 3702:

Buswell and Lopez translate "yoga" as "'bond', 'restraint', and by extension "spiritual discipline."

3391: 3037: 2155: 1891: 184: 169: 14694:

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 4: Samkhya, A Dualist Tradition in Indian Philosophy

11816:

The Buddhist Tradition in India, China, and Japan. Edited by William Theodore de Bary. pp. 207–208.

10444: 837: 22449: 22402: 21760: 21372: 20642: 19919: 19789: 18715: 16993: 16976: 16573: 16173: 15972: 15662: 14972: 14770: 14740: 14728: 14025: 9157: 8888: 8830: 7590: 7362:, where groups could be seen practising in parks; conservatives were opposed. In May 2009, Turkish 7336: 7249: 7194:

affirmations. The practice also includes renaming poses in English (rather than using the original

7096:

on the list, since Gorakshanath is considered responsible for popularizing present-day hatha yoga.

6876:

school. The Classical yoga's metaphysics, like Sāṅkhya's, primarily posits two distinct realities:

6831: 6568: 6507: 6252: 5801:, a second-to-fifth century Jain text, yoga is the sum of all activities of mind, speech and body. 5708:

spawned treatises which expanded teachings on Buddhist theory and yoga techniques which influenced

5229: 5174: 5097: 4840: 4565: 4224: 4187: 3891: 3842: 3655: 3586: 2947: 2940: 2919: 2628: 2518: 2490: 2220: 1115: 902: 17037: 13146: 12186:"Once Upon A Time: From 1918, this Yoga institute has been teaching generations, creating history" 7120:, closely associated with hatha yoga, are often presented as independent approaches. According to 3576:, but systematic yoga concepts emerge during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE in ancient India's 877: 793: 22780: 22429: 21982: 21725: 21684: 21659: 21428: 21281: 21144: 20930: 20681: 20360: 17749: 17253: 17233: 16923: 16615: 16035: 14049:"Meet Nouf Marwaai, the woman behind yoga becoming 'no more a deviant behaviour' in Saudi Arabia" 8143:धियो विप्रा विप्रस्य बृहतो विपश्चितः। वि होत्रा दधे वयुनाविदेक इन्मही देवस्य सवितुः परिष्टुतिः॥१॥ 8065:

The first known appearance of the word "yoga" with the same meaning as the modern term is in the

7165: 6431: 6222: 5564: 5392:

are terse. Many later Indian scholars studied them and published their commentaries, such as the

4913: 4533: 3717: 3162: 2375: 2280: 2205: 1391: 1313: 206: 174: 22328: 14848:

Reprint edition; Originally published under the title of "The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy."

14703:"Rethinking Neo-Vedānta: Swami Vivekananda and the Selective Historiography of Advaita Vedānta1" 6733:

Later developments in Buddhist traditions led to innovations in yoga practice. The conservative

5349:

are a synthesis of the three traditions. From Samkhya, they adopt the "reflective discernment" (

4776: 4428:

describe the identification as speculative; the meaning of the figure will remain unknown until

1353: 22645: 21139: 21134: 20575: 20090: 19131: 18746: 18725: 18568: 17533: 17498: 16934: 16659: 16397: 15789: 11445:

The Buddhist Yogācārabhūmi Treatise and Its Adaptation in India, East Asia, and Tibet, Volume 1

11146:

MN Gulati (2008), Comparative Religions And Philosophies : Anthropomorphism And Divinity,

10244: 8747: 8148:: Seers of the vast illumined seer yogically control their minds and their intelligence... (…) 7211: 6749:, compiled c. 4th century. Mahayana also developed and adopted yoga methods such as the use of 6611: 4848: 3912:

1.4. In other states there is assimilation (of the Seer) with the modifications (of the mind).

3819: 3452: 3361: 3291: 3127: 2756: 2525: 2185: 1091: 768: 22089: 19747: 16950: 13629:, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (1966), pages 302–325 12552: 11948: 11334: 11292: 10801: 10703: 7829: 4967:(discrimination) similar to Patanjali's terminology are used, but not described. Although the 22750: 22580: 22485: 21977: 21810: 21795: 20846: 20354: 20305: 20134: 20085: 20074: 19650: 19149: 18892: 18119: 16711: 16183: 15799: 15554: 15375: 15331: 15006: 14807: 14650:

Lamb, Ramdas (2011), "Yogic Powers and the Ramananda Sampraday", in Jacobsen, Knut A. (ed.),

14248: 14116: 13349: 12153: 12096: 11975: 11921: 11255: 10673: 7894: 7215: 6790: 6528: 6515:, and yoga. Jain yoga aims at the liberation and purification of the self from the forces of 6317: 5437: 3401: 3379: 3269: 3134: 2707: 2315: 2195: 1603: 1589: 757: 43: 20095: 13809: 13052:

The Method of Early Advaita Vedānta: A Study of Gauḍapāda, Śaṅkara, Sureśvara, and Padmapāda

11545: 7328:. Malaysian Muslims who had been practicing yoga for years called the decision "insulting." 6620: 6603: 6562: 6312:

in Mysore between the 1930s and the 1950s. Several of his students founded schools of yoga.

4996: 3978:"With conviction, the lords of Yogins have in our doctrine defined yoga as the concurrence ( 3730:, a dedication to the rising Sun-god, where it has been interpreted as "yoke" or "control". 3532: 752: 22723: 22708: 22683: 22663: 22069: 22017: 21836: 21418: 21170: 21129: 21000: 20904: 20899: 20755: 20544: 20438: 20347: 19324: 18705: 17097: 16382: 16365: 15979: 13087:(1980), Advaita Vedanta : A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, 11674:

John Powers (2004), in Encyclopedia of Buddhism (Editors: Damien Keown et al.), Routledge,

8902: 7480: 7431: 7187: 7064: 6882:(nature, the eternal and active unconscious source of the material world composed of three 6744: 6679: 6671: 6043: 5742: 5188: 4629: 4603: 4569: 3918: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3264: 2926: 2504: 2474: 2305: 2210: 2106: 1841: 1735: 16753: 12790: 10447:, Harvard Theological Review, Volume XI, Number 4, Harvard University Press, pages 355–359 7690:

For an overview of the six orthodox schools, with detail on the grouping of schools, see:

4590:(focusing on the breath) is mentioned in hymn 1.5.23 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, and 8: 22854: 22849: 22775: 22678: 22635: 22620: 22475: 22459: 22371: 22308: 22252: 22234: 22059: 21997: 21831: 21753: 20818: 20793: 20607: 20406: 20337: 20310: 20247: 20024: 19914: 19904: 19834: 19630: 19344: 19205: 17715: 17443: 17383: 17157: 16731: 16655: 16489: 16000: 14668: 13495: 12343: 11209:

SA Bhagwat (2008), Yoga and Sustainability. Journal of Yoga, Fall/Winter 2008, 7(1): 1–14

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Buddhism, particularly from the second century BCE to the first century AD. Patanjali's

4989: 4827: 4628:

Systematic yoga concepts begin to emerge in texts dating to c. 500–200 BCE, such as the

1557: 747: 22785: 22535: 22376: 22340: 21866: 21856: 21851: 21615: 21560: 21408: 21271: 21080: 21062: 20833: 20770: 20740: 20325: 19784: 19645: 19528: 19354: 19264: 18882: 18756: 18500: 18391: 18134: 18025: 18020: 17988: 16957: 16768: 16598: 16072: 15944: 15841: 15735: 15522: 15497: 15305: 15286: 14144: 14121: 13717: 13388: 12725: 12692: 12638: 12514:"UN declares June 21 as 'International Day of Yoga' | India News – Times of India" 11749:"Yantra Yoga: The Tibetan Yoga of Movement" by Chogyal Namkhai Norbu. Snow Lion, 2008. 9722: 9495: 9195: 8053: 7133: 6849:

as a common name for ashtanga yoga, the eight limbs attain samadhi as described in the

6758: 6584: 6576: 6512: 6226: 6214: 6047:

introduced hierarchies of chakras. Yoga is a significant practice in Tantric Buddhism.

5832: 5550: 5149: 5063:(verses); each chapter is named for a different form of yoga. Some scholars divide the 4750: 4733: 4692:), probably in around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE." This occurred during India's 4171: 3800:" has been defined in different ways in Indian philosophical and religious traditions. 3341: 3327: 3046: 2571: 2467: 2295: 2275: 2270: 2265: 1871: 1637: 1508: 1120: 1006: 22824: 17298: 16968: 16801: 13900: 13783: 10830:, The Sacred Book of the Hindus, Volume VIII, Bhuvaneshvar Asrama Press, pages 137–139 10756:

NV Isaeva (1992), Shankara and Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press,

8079:, p. 95), which was probably composed between the fifth and third centuries BCE ( 7284:

was translated into Arabic and Persian. Yoga was, however, not accepted by mainstream

6293:) in which asanas played little or no part; asanas were not central to any tradition. 5991:. Teachings about chakras and Kundalini became central to later forms of Indian yoga. 5831:

note the five major vows of ascetics and 12 minor vows of laity in yoga. According to

5125:(suffering), describing meditative steps in the journey towards spiritual liberation. 4852:, probably composed later than the Katha and Shvetashvatara Upanishads but before the 4772: 4388:

as the source of all spiritual knowledge. Edwin Bryant wrote that authors who support

4239:

Another classic understanding sees yoga as union or connection with the highest Self (

22770: 22673: 22193: 22163: 22143: 22084: 22054: 22012: 21933: 21876: 21841: 21705: 21610: 21352: 21119: 20760: 20705: 20536: 20458: 20411: 20315: 20290: 20285: 20014: 19844: 19559: 19364: 19254: 19173: 18760: 18462: 18427: 17973: 17348: 17328: 17283: 17152: 16929: 16905: 16898: 16475: 16387: 16293: 16021: 15826: 15646: 15405: 15381: 15360: 15339: 15313: 15272: 15251: 15218: 15185: 15166: 15145: 15126: 15116: 15083: 15038: 15014: 14982: 14976: 14949: 14919: 14899: 14837: 14813: 14794: 14784: 14678: 14655: 14589: 14561: 14520: 14501: 14459: 14453: 14414: 14392: 14368: 14361: 14342: 14320: 14299: 14275: 14256: 14234: 14170: 14151: 14128: 13959: 13820: 13676: 13660: 13652: 13560: 13537: 13469: 13357: 13322: 13312: 13185: 13168: 13088: 13068: 13035: 12985: 12868: 12782: 12730: 12712: 12673: 12630: 12540: 12351: 12157: 11981: 11954: 11927: 11852: 11817: 11801: 11785: 11769: 11750: 11725: 11675: 11551: 11423: 11403: 11340: 11300: 11259: 11250:

Classical Indian Metaphysics: Refutations of Realism and the Emergence of "New Logic"

11248: 11184: 11164: 11147: 11115: 10907: 10887: 10840: 10807: 10774: 10757: 10736: 10709: 10679: 10651: 10622: 10600: 10592: 10575: 10390: 10250: 10172: 10131: 10038: 9974: 9893: 9714: 9637: 9499: 9487: 9199: 9187: 8811: 8751: 8695: 8647: 8646:

Sri Aurobindo (1916, Reprinted 1995), A Hymn to Savitri V.81, in The Secret of Veda,

8218: 7858: 7853:; as well as, Kapleau (1989), p. 385, for the derivation of the word "zen" from 7533: 7426: 7277: 7203: 7175: 6814: 6202: 6163: 6059: 6030: 5836: 5516: 5425: 5140: 5028:, contains extensive teachings about yoga. According to Mallinson and Singleton, the 4971:

contains no uniform yogic goal, the separation of self from matter and perception of

4760: 3882:"Be equal minded in both success and failure. Such equanimity is called Yoga" (2.48) 3637:

to the West, and they became prominent after the 20th-century success of hatha yoga.

3630: 3515: 3477: 3445: 3351: 3320: 3276: 2933: 2884: 2819: 2578: 2564: 2310: 2235: 2056: 2016: 2011: 2001: 1846: 1542: 1476: 1071: 808: 99: 39: 17613: 16648: 14535:"Yoga Landed in the U.S. Way Earlier Than You'd Think—And Fitness Was Not the Point" 13721: 12642: 8177:, p. 359), who states that yoga is a process (or discipline) leading to unity ( 7818: 7367: 4606:

defines yoga as the mastery of body and senses. According to Flood, "he actual term

4454:. The earliest yoga-practices may have come from the Jain tradition at ca. 900 BCE. 1916: 1328: 615: 22790: 22575: 22570: 22525: 22505: 22361: 22044: 21992: 21654: 21570: 21513: 21223: 20987: 20974: 20851: 20838: 20724: 20650: 20502: 20332: 20320: 20297: 20212: 20172: 20140: 20122: 19981: 19874: 19691: 19189: 19099: 18751: 18341: 18270: 18255: 18129: 17978: 17958: 17553: 17187: 17122: 16910: 16844: 16773: 16554: 16546: 16342: 16280: 16028: 15993: 15906: 15767: 15730: 15676: 15201:

The Yoga of the Mālinīvijayottara Tantra, Critical edition, translation & notes

15070: 14714: 14428: 14406: 14382: 14356: 13709: 12720: 12708: 12704: 12665: 12622: 12149: 12115: 10419: 10092: 9479: 9177: 8213: 7986: 7329: 7253: 7183: 7121: 7080: 7000: 6855: 6794: 6686:. Two mental qualities are said to be indispensable for yoga practice in Buddhism: 6592: 6516: 6448: 6381:

The number of asanas used in yoga has increased from 84 in 1830 (as illustrated in

6351: 6325: 6272: 6244: 5945: 5758: 5662: 5645: 5615: 5508: 5181: 5092: 4861: 4704:) but later described as yoga, to strive for liberation from the round of rebirth. 4405: 4341: 4325: 4196: 4140: 4053: 4036: 3713: 3610: 3536: 3487: 3227: 3189: 3169: 3120: 3069: 2968: 2763: 2749: 2700: 2643: 2190: 1851: 1770: 1521: 1441: 1066: 492: 346: 243: 31: 17132: 15579: 10373: 9970:

Early Advaita Vedānta and Buddhism: the Mahāyāna context of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā

8031:, p. 4-5), describes the pupose of yoga as the union of the individual self ( 7039: 7023:), male and (particularly) female deities, life-stage-related rituals, the use of 6927: 2605: 22728: 22703: 22693: 22658: 22653: 22585: 22412: 22188: 22178: 22173: 22168: 21871: 21846: 21634: 21483: 21475: 21382: 21163: 21124: 20665: 20570: 20552: 20529: 20483: 20384: 20128: 20009: 19939: 19929: 19909: 19879: 19829: 19819: 19737: 19457: 19138: 18904: 18857: 18720: 18619: 18422: 18076: 17983: 17811: 17503: 17373: 17248: 17147: 16823: 16741: 16716: 16638: 16332: 16298: 15794: 15584: 15453: 15399: 15395: 15354: 15266: 15212: 15160: 15139: 15032: 15028: 14943: 14913: 14831: 14672: 14555: 14314: 14289: 13816: 13766: 13626: 13106:

The question of the importance of Samādhi in modern and classical Advaita Vedānta

12958: 12261: 11846: 11397: 11063: 10730: 10469: 10380: 9916: 9892:

Mircea Eliade (2009), Yoga: Immortality and Freedom, Princeton University Press,

9610: 8845: 8805: 8673: 8593: 8591: 8067: 7961:, p. 2), which defines yoga as aiming to control (yoke) and still the mind ( 7806: 7399: 7043: 6963: 6931: 6724:). A unique feature of classical Buddhism is its understanding of all phenomena ( 6683: 6675: 6480: 6359: 6309: 5921: 5913: 5797: 5583: 4873: 4815: 4798: 4673: 4611: 4594:(withdrawal of the senses) is mentioned in hymn 8.15 of Chandogya Upanishad. The 4421: 4351: 4023:"It is said in the treatises on yoga: 'Yoga is the means of perceiving reality' ( 3970: 3948: 3858: 3433: 3356: 3304: 3113: 3017: 2961: 2898: 2714: 2615: 2511: 2260: 2240: 2111: 1986: 1966: 1886: 1582: 1568: 1466: 1446: 1409: 1001: 996: 723: 602: 566: 511: 506: 333: 77: 35: 22007: 19727: 17593: 16664: 15290: 13510: 10171:(1993), The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass, 7510:, p.87–90, on "The orthogenetic theory" and "Non-Vedic origins of renunciation". 7031:, and sexual techniques aimed at aiding one's health, longevity and liberation. 6038: 5553:("Meditation"): Intense contemplation of the nature of the object of meditation. 4505:

youngest book, which was codified around 1000 BCE. Werner wrote that there were

1130: 882: 583: 22610: 22595: 22555: 22520: 22407: 22183: 22128: 21886: 21689: 21600: 21539: 21529: 21498: 21215: 21207: 21186: 21044: 20938: 20879: 20866: 20812: 20780: 20596: 20590: 20585: 20565: 20473: 20416: 20394: 20062: 20047: 20039: 20029: 20019: 20004: 19924: 19869: 19564: 19259: 19157: 18832: 18741: 18543: 18235: 18114: 17578: 17528: 17518: 17167: 17062: 16944: 16887: 16857: 16726: 16499: 16337: 16325: 16315: 16310: 16303: 16014: 15806: 15713: 15327: 14865:

Rethinking 'Classical Yoga' and Buddhism: Meditation, Metaphors and Materiality

14674:

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Yoga: India's philosophy of meditation

13581: 12190: 7618: 7475:

Zimmer's point of view is supported by other scholars, such as Niniam Smart in

7446: 7436: 7421: 7117: 6588: 6543: 6464: 6404: 6397: 6383: 6367: 6305: 6003: 5769:

school also developed manuals for yogic and meditative training, primarily the

5732:. Yogācāra Buddhism provided a systematic framework for practices which lead a 5512: 5444: 5259:'s Nirivara Samkhya. The parallels between yoga and samkhya were so close that 5117:(withdrawal of the senses). The sutra asserts that yoga leads to an absence of 5079:

with jnana yoga. However, elements of all three are found throughout the work.

4464: 4413: 4409: 4218:

literature of Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as the Buddhist Sāmaññaphalasutta.

3660: 3346: 3155: 3003: 2654: 2548: 2497: 2300: 2126: 2046: 1996: 1981: 1946: 1901: 1803: 1575: 1436: 1318: 1267: 1252: 1232: 1196: 1125: 907: 862: 813: 571: 196: 60: 17563: 16748: 16679: 15856: 13713: 13675:

Satish Chandra (2007), Historiography, Religion, and State in Medieval India,

12669: 9483: 9182: 9161: 8588: 6277: 5693: 4720: 4677: 4660: 4346: 4316:

Heinrich Zimmer was an exponent of the synthesis model, arguing for non-Vedic

3581: 953: 733: 664: 179: 22819: 22813: 22698: 22615: 22545: 22540: 22510: 22423: 22313: 21458: 21387: 21321: 21311: 21049: 21009: 20993: 20871: 20775: 20732: 20689: 20627: 20580: 20421: 20230: 20194: 20102: 19764: 19742: 19604: 19513: 19115: 19092: 19039: 18046: 17917: 17864: 17754: 17744: 17027: 17000: 16863: 16850: 16837: 16791: 16736: 16406: 16348: 16193: 16088: 16007: 15958: 15784: 15669: 15655: 15574: 15515: 15130: 14798: 14778: 14334: 13759: 13578:"1989 Letter from Vatican to Bishops on Some Aspects of Christian Meditation" 13326: 13084: 13021:, Volume 34 (Editor: Max Muller), Oxford University Press, pages lxxii–lxxiii 12981: 12716: 12219:"Bhawanrao Shrinivasrao Pant Pratinidhi: The man who promoted Surya Namaskar" 12119: 11304: 9718: 9491: 9191: 8859: 8207: 8016: 7836:." (Square-bracketed Pali word included based on Thanissaro, 2006, end note.) 7557: 7520: 7072: 6989: 6951: 6766: 6739: 6520: 6494: 6435: 6392: 6334: 6313: 6297: 6256: 6079: 5853:, which outlines an eightfold yoga influenced by Patanjali's eightfold yoga. 5777: 5661:, in the form of a dialogue between Yajnavalkya and the renowned philosopher 5194: 5165: 5130: 5016: 4878: 4729: 4642: 4586:

and an internal sound) are also described in this upanishad. The practice of

4425: 4320:. According to Zimmer, yoga is part of a non-Vedic system which includes the 4181: 3873: 3010: 2975: 2912: 2858: 2851: 2812: 2805: 2742: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2693: 2637: 2255: 2200: 2180: 2170: 2150: 2121: 2031: 1826: 1821: 1811: 1760: 1682: 1596: 1429: 1378: 1277: 1212: 1051: 818: 272: 17943: 16605: 14827: 14498:

A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English

12786: 12348:

Health, healing and beyond: Yoga and the living tradition of Krishnamacharya

6230: 5866: 5563:

In Hindu scholasticism since the 12th century, yoga has been one of the six

5260: 4724: 4598:(probably before the 6th c. BCE) teaches breath control and repetition of a 4541:" may be precursors of yoga. "The ecstatic practice of enigmatic longhaired 3733: 1991: 1755: 963: 958: 22760: 22630: 22600: 22515: 22495: 22490: 22480: 22454: 22434: 22153: 22099: 22032: 21918: 21720: 21580: 21575: 21534: 21493: 21453: 21367: 21336: 21261: 21251: 21038: 21030: 21025: 20982: 20948: 20856: 20673: 20635: 20558: 20468: 20463: 20453: 20428: 20201: 20156: 19859: 19701: 19655: 19584: 19452: 19329: 19274: 19244: 19182: 18924: 18791: 18710: 18695: 18563: 18386: 18056: 17912: 17829: 17573: 17473: 17458: 17192: 17022: 16830: 16763: 16643: 16623: 16504: 16431: 16413: 16370: 15951: 15868: 15757: 15243: 13953: 13735: 13154: 13018: 12734: 12677: 12634: 12395: 12301: 12296: 12002: 10650:

Georg Feuerstein (2011), The Bhagavad Gita – A New Translation, Shambhala,

10424: 10386: 8941: 8298: 8296: 7441: 7413: 7379: 7375: 7207: 7124:, laya yoga (yoga of dissolution or merging) "makes meditative absorption ( 7089: 6978: 6863: 6653: 6628: 6329: 6248: 6240: 6159: 6129: 6116: 5917: 5771: 5717: 5486: 5397: 5388:

are considered the first compilation of yoga philosophy. The verses of the

5362: 5264: 5242: 5169: 4865: 4811: 4755: 4689: 4648: 4561: 4483: 4441: 4429: 4401: 4015: 3988: 3721: 3602:

texts began to emerge between the ninth and 11th centuries, originating in

3559: 2982: 2891: 2798: 2791: 2784: 2770: 2428: 2250: 2086: 2081: 2041: 1951: 1941: 1911: 1881: 1816: 1720: 1642: 1373: 1338: 1262: 1237: 1166: 1016: 867: 659: 654: 553: 540: 535: 21243: 16593: 16077: 15762: 15636: 14272:

Changing Minds: Mind, Consciousness and Identity in Patanjali's Yoga Sutra

14087: 13836: 13664: 12626: 12574:"PM Modi Leads Yoga Session, India Sets Guinness Records: 10 Developments" 10855: 10853: 10480: 10478: 8268: 8266: 7823: 6825: 6716: 6694: 5418: 5410: 5402: 4882:, composed between the sixth and 14th centuries CE) discuss yoga methods. 4155: 3685: 3677: 1191: 22755: 22500: 22392: 22333: 22148: 22079: 22027: 21972: 21948: 21826: 21710: 21669: 21649: 21595: 21488: 21443: 21423: 21377: 21326: 21114: 21020: 20969: 20943: 20912: 20823: 20508: 20496: 19894: 19660: 19625: 19554: 19538: 19284: 19279: 19198: 19108: 19034: 18997: 18967: 18833: 18781: 18690: 18553: 18366: 18260: 18195: 18165: 17922: 17854: 17834: 17653: 17543: 17523: 17293: 17117: 17077: 17067: 16869: 16684: 16568: 16271: 16082: 15925: 15846: 15816: 15623: 15610: 15569: 15546: 15208: 15054:

The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century

14855:

Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History

14440: 12133: 11450: 10732:

Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History

8955: 8283: 8281: 7898: 7833: 7451: 7285: 7226: 6846: 6638: 6456: 6355: 6185: 5984: 5907: 5733: 5658: 5441:

aware of its own nature as consciousness unmixed with any other object."

5102: 5042: 4947: 4921: 4894: 4765: 4634: 4583: 4211:

school texts as well as Buddhism Mādhyamaka texts, but in different ways.

4009: 3540: 3053: 2777: 2670: 2600: 2413: 2367: 2328: 2230: 2071: 2061: 1926: 1795: 1785: 1654: 1649: 1552: 1451: 1343: 1333: 1303: 1272: 1181: 948: 762: 685: 677: 479: 248: 17488: 14123:

The Yoga Sutras of Patañjali: A New Edition, Translation, and Commentary

14008:"The perils of yoga: Conservative clerics are wary of a popular pastime" 11447:

Harvard University, Department of South Asian studies, 2013, pp. 16, 25.

9726: 9702: 8293: 6567:

Buddhist yoga encompasses a variety of methods which aim to develop the

3724:, the first use of the root of the word "yoga" is in hymn 5.81.1 of the 22738: 22625: 22605: 22565: 22530: 22133: 21913: 21776: 21730: 21715: 21679: 21674: 21503: 21438: 21433: 21403: 21331: 21276: 21266: 21256: 21231: 21109: 21067: 21057: 20961: 20917: 20828: 20447: 20342: 20242: 20220: 20146: 19814: 19754: 19599: 19523: 19309: 19078: 18872: 18852: 18490: 18470: 18376: 18321: 18215: 18150: 18036: 17963: 17948: 17902: 17887: 17877: 17603: 17583: 17493: 17448: 17423: 17363: 17358: 17308: 17228: 17202: 17137: 16963: 16916: 16721: 16669: 16392: 16203: 16198: 16163: 15935: 15901: 15772: 15725: 15628: 15618: 14872: 14833:

Six Systems of Indian Philosophy; Samkhya and Yoga, Naya and Vaiseshika

14719: 14702: 14631: 11629: 10850: 10475: 10422:(January–February 1988). "Introducing Yoga's Great Literary Heritage". 8263: 7798: 7586: 7289: 7245: 7101: 7054: 6974: 6946: 6782: 6547: 6524: 6502: 6468: 6460: 6452: 6408: 6339: 6321: 6194: 6155: 6007: 5895: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5811: 5737: 5729: 5705: 5603: 5538: 5490: 5342: 5048: 5036: 4980: 4712: 4591: 4317: 4248: 4096: 3618: 3599: 3595: 3594:-based but influenced by Buddhism, dates to the early centuries of the 3573: 3099: 3060: 3024: 2905: 2844: 2451: 2443: 2354: 2131: 1906: 1861: 1715: 1705: 1471: 1419: 1348: 1257: 1186: 1176: 1171: 943: 718: 695: 690: 419: 219: 20057: 18155: 17844: 17684: 16893: 16320: 15268:

The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana: A Reconsideration of Classical Yoga

15007:"Yoga in the 'Yoga Upanisads': Disciplines of the Mystical 'OM' Sound" 13619: 12443:"The yoga industry is booming – but does it make you a better person?" 8278: 7878: 7214:

from various Hindu groups; scholars remain skeptical. Previously, the

6962:

One of the earliest and most influential sub-traditions of Vedanta is

6670:

These meditations were seen as supported by the other elements of the

6286: 5720:(fourth to fifth centuries CE), a northern Mahayana movement known as 5541:("Abstraction"): Withdrawal of the sense organs from external objects. 3957:"In this system, yoga is the union of the self and the Lord" (I.I.43) 3937:"Yoga is fourfold: faith, aspiration, perseverance and means" (2.152) 3611:

posture-based physical fitness, stress-relief and relaxation technique

22765: 22713: 22550: 22444: 22417: 21903: 21891: 21881: 21585: 21508: 21448: 21413: 21357: 21286: 21211: 20658: 20513: 20478: 20052: 20034: 19774: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19640: 19594: 19589: 19569: 19508: 19319: 19314: 19299: 19289: 19239: 19234: 19054: 18987: 18505: 18442: 18371: 18300: 18225: 18200: 18160: 18091: 18081: 17907: 17882: 17839: 17819: 17628: 17463: 17288: 17263: 17182: 17142: 17127: 17082: 16880: 16674: 16235: 16178: 16137: 16110: 16059: 15918: 15913: 15851: 15821: 15720: 15110: 7810: 7674: 7537: 7348: 7265: 7137: 7097: 6853:. Yoga philosophy came to be regarded as a distinct orthodox school ( 6798: 6786: 6778: 6762: 6734: 6551: 6363: 6078:

traditions also include Kriya, Upa (called "Charya"), and yoga, with

6055: 6022: 5999: 5933: 5835:, Jainism is a system of yogic thinking which became a religion. The 5823:—devotion to the path to liberation—as the highest form of devotion. 5766: 5753:), which was also translated into Tibetan and Chinese and influenced 5721: 5713: 5567:

philosophical schools (darsanas): traditions which accept the Vedas.

5528: 5213: 4917: 4872:. In addition to discussions in the Principal Upanishads, the twenty 4826:

and yoga. It defines levels of existence by their proximity to one's

4792: 4788: 4741: 4665: 4587: 4208: 4044:"Yoga is said to be the oneness of one entity with another." (4.4–8) 3650: 3209: 3141: 3078: 2996: 2828: 2399: 2359: 2290: 2136: 2101: 2051: 2021: 1956: 1876: 1780: 1750: 1730: 1414: 1358: 1323: 1308: 1227: 1222: 1204: 530: 444: 375: 314: 17993: 16628: 16444: 14998:

The Limits of Scripture: Vivekananda's Reinterpretation of the Vedas

14584:

Jantos, Marek (2012). "Prayer and Meditation". In Cobb, Mark (ed.).

14577:

Theory and Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson

14411:

The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice

14388:

The Yoga Tradition: Its History, Literature, Philosophy and Practice

14231:

The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: A Study Guide for Book I: Samadhi Pada

11212: 10047: 10037:

Donald Lopez (2004). Buddhist Scriptures. Penguin Books. pp. xi–xv.

6103:, is a form of Mahayana Buddhism in which yoga is an integral part. 6050:

Tantra yoga practices include postures and breathing exercises. The

6029:. Its texts began to be compiled during the seventh century CE, and 5559:("Liberation"): merging consciousness with the object of meditation. 1011: 22718: 22590: 22318: 22263: 21956: 21664: 21620: 21605: 21590: 21565: 21544: 21362: 21316: 21015: 20801: 20491: 20379: 20225: 19950: 19839: 19824: 19779: 19759: 19706: 19620: 19579: 19390: 19294: 19269: 19249: 19214: 19166: 19124: 19007: 18614: 18599: 18510: 18396: 18316: 18275: 18245: 18230: 18180: 18051: 18003: 17953: 17938: 17892: 17623: 17513: 17453: 17403: 17398: 17243: 17238: 17197: 17162: 17112: 17047: 17042: 16796: 16633: 16220: 16099: 16050: 15811: 15601: 13840: 12951: 8785: 7991: 7975: 7854: 7786: 7617:

Ancient Indian literature was transmitted and preserved through an

7344: 7317: 7195: 7179: 6894: 6878: 6802: 6662: 6579:(cessation), traditionally seen as the permanent end of suffering ( 6063: 5929: 5802: 5709: 5504: 5378: 5251: 4737: 4681: 4472: 4333: 3928: 3924: 3667: 3645: 3577: 3552: 3548: 3281: 2837: 2663: 2620: 2587: 2438: 2433: 2406: 2116: 2096: 2026: 1976: 1856: 1745: 1661: 1632: 1627: 1496: 1486: 1383: 1363: 1287: 1282: 1247: 917: 897: 857: 823: 803: 783: 669: 545: 280: 238: 233: 107: 87: 21199: 17633: 15779: 15747: 15144:(2nd ed.). New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. pp. 11, 35. 14222:

The Origin and Development of Early Indian Contemplative Practices

11320:

Yoga Yajnavalkya: A Treatise on Yoga as Taught by Yogi Yajnavalkya

11163:

Sharma and Sharma, Indian Political Thought, Atlantic Publishers,

10929: 9922: 6907:

and is achieved through meditation, stilling one's thought waves (

6539: 5894:

The Middle Ages saw the development of satellite yoga traditions.

5233:(early centuries CE, the original name of which may have been the 4495: 4487: 4432:

is deciphered, and the roots of yoga cannot be linked to the IVC.

2344: 90:, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. 51: 22668: 22439: 22294: 22074: 22049: 21897: 21861: 21219: 19889: 19809: 19794: 19769: 19722: 19574: 19533: 19436: 19380: 19226: 19210: 19162: 19085: 19012: 18897: 18624: 18437: 18401: 18381: 18361: 18351: 18346: 18326: 18295: 18285: 18280: 18220: 18205: 18175: 17998: 17849: 17643: 17638: 17618: 17558: 17548: 17538: 17478: 17428: 17418: 17343: 17333: 17323: 17268: 17102: 16982: 16706: 16583: 16558: 16494: 16255: 16230: 16225: 16067: 15740: 15485: 14731:(2011). "Haṭha Yoga". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene (eds.). 12839:

One Tool Among Many, The Place of Vipassana in Buddhist Practice,

8666: 8185: 8040: 8024: 7981: 7963: 7902: 7862: 7797:(1991), p. 20. As an example from a well-known discourse of the 7761: 7726: 7594: 7240: 7219: 7020: 6956: 6942: 6916: 6873: 6868: 6841: 6774: 6754: 6726: 6706: 6688: 6597: 6489:. Jain spirituality is based on a strict code of nonviolence, or 6486: 6347: 6151: 6071: 6067: 6051: 5790: 5748: 5577: 5556: 5544: 5500: 5448: 5238: 5224: 5153: 5135: 5000: 4976: 4972: 4909: 4869: 4823: 4685: 4479: 4337: 4329: 4321: 4252: 3907: 3766: 3726: 3709: 3591: 3568: 3544: 3214: 3204: 2954: 2875: 2867: 2684: 2610: 2595: 2392: 2091: 2036: 1775: 1725: 1695: 1690: 1562: 1537: 1424: 1056: 935: 912: 887: 798: 788: 597: 561: 449: 434: 429: 365: 360: 324: 319: 306: 18667: 17368: 15502: 14643:

Indian Philosophy. An Introduction to Hindu and Buddhist Thought

14167:

Classical Samkhya and Yoga – An Indian Metaphysics of Experience

9909: 7782: 6498: 5724:

began to be systematized with the writings of Buddhist scholars

5507:(contentment, acceptance of others and of one's circumstances), 5369:

pursue an altered state of awareness from Abhidharma Buddhism's

4191:, in a number of Buddhist Mahāyāna works, as well as Jain texts. 3250: 1101: 1096: 922: 22397: 22094: 22064: 22022: 22002: 21923: 21908: 19849: 19732: 19518: 19467: 19410: 19405: 19400: 19395: 19385: 19178: 19049: 19044: 19029: 18992: 18982: 18972: 18959: 18949: 18939: 18929: 18919: 18914: 18877: 18847: 18700: 18594: 18589: 18538: 18475: 18417: 18290: 18265: 18250: 18210: 18170: 18106: 18086: 18066: 18041: 17968: 17784: 17779: 17769: 17764: 17734: 17648: 17598: 17588: 17483: 17468: 17388: 17378: 17338: 17278: 17273: 17258: 17223: 17172: 17092: 16758: 16588: 16529: 16120: 15896: 15891: 15878: 15831: 15752: 15703: 15564: 15444: 14313:

Dumoulin, Heinrich; Heisig, James W.; Knitter, Paul F. (2005).

12756: 11703: 11701: 11056: 10150: 9304: 9302: 8179: 7814: 7359: 7313: 7199: 7148: 7144: 7028: 7024: 7013: 6970: 6955:(one of its early texts), about gaining spiritual knowledge of 6750: 6580: 6490: 6420: 6259:

brought a new element to yoga, emphasizing tantric yoga in his

6147: 6111: 6011: 5988: 5966: 5925: 5806: 5725: 5697: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5496: 5482: 5474: 5256: 5217: 5008: 4898: 4819: 4668:

of the Buddha becoming a wandering hermit instead of a warrior

4599: 4244: 4215: 4078: 4075: 3778: 3603: 3219: 3033: 2349: 2076: 1961: 1866: 1836: 1831: 1765: 1740: 1529: 1399: 1242: 1217: 1156: 1041: 1036: 1026: 968: 892: 852: 847: 778: 703: 638: 623: 525: 469: 454: 400: 380: 293: 288: 125: 13123: 12878: 12797: 12690: 9669: 9667: 9665: 6839:(yoga of kings) originally denoted the ultimate goal of yoga; 5657:

is a classical treatise on yoga, attributed to the Vedic sage

3904:– "Yoga is the calming down the fluctuations/patterns of mind" 22039: 21987: 21943: 21745: 21203: 21195: 20152:

International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller

19996: 19884: 19854: 19804: 19431: 19304: 19194: 19071: 19022: 18977: 18934: 18909: 18662: 18629: 18609: 18604: 18558: 18480: 18452: 18447: 18331: 18240: 18190: 18185: 17897: 17872: 17794: 17789: 17774: 17758: 17729: 17663: 17658: 17568: 17438: 17393: 17303: 17107: 17057: 17006: 16987: 16563: 16524: 16288: 16213: 16208: 16188: 16125: 15836: 15708: 15698: 15591: 15559: 14367:(1st ed.). Boston & London: Shambhala Publications. 12410: 12241: 12229: 10941: 10558: 10556: 9385: 9383: 8871: 8869: 8691: 7969: 7861:

Secretary Dr. Rupert Gethin, in describing the activities of

7752: 7371: 7352: 7321: 7309: 7305: 7293: 7191: 7171: 7105: 7047: 6859:) of Hinduism in the second half of the first millennium CE. 6572: 5682: 5522: 5478: 5470: 5428:

translates the sutra as "Yoga is restraining the mind-stuff (

5145: 5088: 4745: 4578: 4538: 4520: 4515: 4447: 4385: 4295: 4204: 4000: 3830: 3757: 3626: 3614: 3563: 3528: 3236: 3106: 2871: 2383: 1921: 1790: 1700: 1547: 1501: 1481: 1161: 1146: 1086: 1076: 1061: 1046: 1021: 872: 842: 728: 628: 459: 424: 395: 390: 385: 370: 298: 56: 12198: 12056: 11698: 10871:

Original Sanskrit: साङ्ख्यं योगो लोकायतं च इत्यान्वीक्षिकी |

10806:. Columbia University Press. pp. 281 footnote 40, 297. 10076: 10074: 10021:

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

9996: 9733: 9299: 9217: 9215: 9213: 9211: 9209: 8533: 8232: 7677:

as the founder of the philosophical system called yoga see:

7280:

by about 1050. During the 16th century, the hatha yoga text

6342:

taught yoga to Hollywood actors; and Krishnamacharya's son,

5208: 5156:, noting that debate and philosophy are also forms of yoga. 4736:. The Buddha used a posture in which pressure is put on the 4420:. This is rejected by more recent scholarship; for example, 19864: 19799: 19635: 19002: 18944: 18862: 18834:

Vishnu-bhakti, Vaishnava theology, and Vaishnava philosophy

18634: 18584: 18548: 18515: 18432: 18356: 18336: 18061: 17824: 17433: 17413: 16519: 15886: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10992: 9984: 9859: 9662: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8308: 7725:

The earliest documented use of the word "Tantra" is in the

7703:

For a brief overview of the yoga school of philosophy see:

7555:

Miller suggests that the composition of Nasadiya Sukta and

7297: 6982: 6770: 6120: 5885: 5547:("Concentration"): Fixing the attention on a single object. 5361:(dualism), their metaphysical rationalism, and their three 4475:(the second layer of the Vedas, composed c. 1000–800 BCE). 4408:, and Mircea Eliade believe that the central figure of the 4200:, the Jain Praśamaratiprakarana, and Buddhist Nikaya texts. 3966: 3910:

is established in his own essential and fundamental nature.

3774: 3622: 3621:

and release from worldly attachments. It was introduced by

3502: 3496: 1710: 1491: 1461: 1404: 1151: 1031: 633: 474: 464: 439: 405: 355: 337: 13384:"Trying to Reconcile the Ways of the Vatican and the East" 13111: 12480: 11641: 11525: 11501: 11491: 11489: 11474: 11377: 11365: 10574:

E. Easwaran, Essence of the Bhagavad Gita, Nilgiri Press,

10553: 10287: 10275: 10197: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9684: 9682: 9380: 9338: 8981: 8979: 8866: 8451: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8344: 6434:

review found that yoga interventions designed for chronic

21155: 13108:, Philosophy East & West. Vol. 43, Issue 1, pp. 19–38 12995: 12905: 12422: 12276: 12009: 10507: 10505: 10490: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10325: 10071: 9796: 9794: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9763: 9650: 9636:. Calcutta, India: University of Calcutta. p. xxiv. 9206: 8545: 8521: 8409: 8407: 7917: 7915: 6092: 6033:

translations were completed the following century. These

5995: 4482:

contain some references ... to ascetics, namely the

3499: 3493: 21540:

Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)

15099:

The Story of Yoga: From Ancient India to the Modern West

15063:

Samādhi: The Numinous and Cessative in Indo-Tibetan Yoga

14945:

Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy

14211:

Chatterjee, Satischandra; Datta, Dhirendramohan (1984).

14088:"Yoga: How did it conquer the world and what's changed?" 13534:

Catholicism in dialogue: conversations across traditions

12963: 12895: 12893: 12473:"United Nations Information Centre for India and Bhutan" 12453: 11658: 11656: 11010: 10989: 10917: 10803:

Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy

10705:

Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy

10400: 10187: 10185: 10138: 10017:"The Oral Transmission of the Early Buddhist Literature" 9549: 9547: 9545: 8569: 8480: 8478: 8394: 8392: 7832:

translates this as: "Rahula, develop the meditation of

6350:. Other schools founded during the 20th century include 6158:(the founder of Sikhism) describe dialogues he had with 5535:, breath, "āyāma", to "stretch, extend, restrain, stop". 5451:(mental control), its goal is "the unqualified state of 4740:

with the heel, similar to modern postures used to evoke

4711:

But it is only with Buddhism itself as expounded in the

19696: 18485: 18124: 18071: 15507: 13275: 12929: 12693:"Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain" 12656:

Hayes, M.; Chase, S. (March 2010). "Prescribing Yoga".

12533:"Massive turnout on International Day of Yoga in India" 11901: 11740:

Edmonton Patric 2007, Pali and Its Significance, p. 332

11619: 11617: 11615: 11576: 11513: 11486: 11467: 11465: 11034: 10708:. Columbia University Press. pp. 281 footnote 36. 10632: 10621:

Bibek Debroy (2005), The Bhagavad Gita, Penguin Books,

10529: 9951: 9949: 9830: 9679: 9598: 9564: 9562: 9436: 9434: 9370: 9368: 9355: 9353: 9253: 9251: 8976: 8720: 8627: 8625: 8557: 8434: 8320: 4519:

and later yoga practices: "The proto-Yoga of the Vedic

3999:"By the word 'yoga' is meant nirvana, the condition of 3834: 3617:; this differs from traditional yoga, which focuses on 3539:, aimed at controlling body and mind to attain various 578: 115: 14896:

The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text & Translation

14519:. Santa Cruz: Sri Ram Publishing. pp. bk. cover. 13466:

Selling Yoga : from Counterculture to Pop culture

13348: 13309:

Yoga: Mastering the Secrets of Matter and the Universe

12917: 11889: 11848:

Philosophy of Gorakhnath with Goraksha-Vacana-Sangraha

11844: 11564: 11353: 11272: 11224: 11081: 10953: 10502: 10337: 10059: 9934: 9871: 9847: 9818: 9791: 9760: 9530: 9419: 9326: 9314: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9126: 8424: 8422: 8404: 8377: 8332: 7912: 7355:

in 2004, and by Islamic clerics in Singapore earlier.

6304:. Before 1900, hatha yoga had few standing poses; the 5515:(study of self, self-reflection, study of Vedas), and 4987:

defines the purpose of yoga as uniting the individual

4783:(meditators) who resemble early Hindu descriptions of 21267:

Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)

15162:

Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: With Great Respect and Love

14312: 13620:

Al-Bīrūnī's Arabic Version of Patañjali's "Yogasūtra"

13491:"Vatican warns against practicing Eastern meditation" 12890: 12615:

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

11832: 11653: 11098: 11096: 11069: 10965: 10263: 10182: 9586: 9542: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9395: 9287: 9275: 9263: 9114: 9066: 9054: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8511: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8475: 8389: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8359: 7316:

from practicing yoga, saying that it had elements of

6251:) currents of religious and philosophical reform and 5365:

methods of obtaining knowledge. Larson says that the

4908:

Onesicritus also mentions attempts by his colleague,

4435: 4340:, and Buddhism, the other non-Vedic Indian systems." 14935:

Yoga and Tantra: History, Philosophy & Mythology

14915:

The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation

14612:

Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). "Yoga".

13570: 11612: 11462: 11022: 10977: 10697: 10695: 10541: 10517: 9946: 9919:, Chandogya Upanishad, अष्टमोऽध्यायः॥ पञ्चदशः खण्डः॥ 9806: 9779: 9559: 9470:

McEvilley, Thomas (1981). "An Archaeology of Yoga".

9431: 9407: 9365: 9350: 9248: 9102: 9090: 9044: 9042: 8764: 8622: 8112: 8110: 7847:

Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–25), entry for "jhāna"

7389: 6765:, and visualization. Chinese Buddhism developed the 4655: 4617: 4576:(c. 800–700 BCE) describes the five vital energies ( 15184:. Adyar, India: The Theosophical Publishing House. 13377: 13375: 13373: 12317: 12068: 10728: 10671: 10354: 10246:

Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: devraj to jyoti

9574: 9518: 9506: 9227: 9138: 9015: 8922: 8708: 8490: 8419: 8056:

Vedic origins, and influenced Jainism and Buddhism.

7370:discounted personal-development techniques such as 6743:. Mahayana meditation teachings may be seen in the 6447:Yoga is practised with a variety of methods by all 5159: 3566:elements. Yoga-like practices are mentioned in the 3490: 21660:Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend) 15404:. New York, New York: Princeton University Press. 14971: 14769: 14360: 14143: 14120: 13855:. Thestar.com.my. 23 November 2008. Archived from 12828:, Barre Center for Buddhist Studies, pp. 69–70, 80 12655: 12391:"Yoga: a beginner's guide to the different styles" 11635: 11456: 11247: 11218: 11093: 10935: 10859: 10484: 10053: 9928: 9446: 9078: 8791: 8603: 8502: 8356: 8158: 7691: 5943:(such as meditative exercises) with devotion. The 5809:, and essential to the path to liberation. In his 5677:, have borrowed from (or frequently refer to) the 5511:(persistent meditation, perseverance, austerity), 4582:), and concepts of later yoga traditions (such as 15112:Yoga Body: the origins of modern posture practice 14967:. Vol. II. London: George Allen & Unwin. 13760:Persecution and Circumspection in Shattari Sufism 13488: 13311:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 107. 12089: 10820: 10793: 10722: 10692: 10675:The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India 10209: 9039: 8679: 8107: 7575:Original Sanskrit: स्वाध्यायमधीयानो धर्मिकान्विदध 7182:, and other aspects of Eastern spirituality with 7104:, has a series of asanas and pranayamas (such as 6017: 5477:(Non-violence, non-harming other living beings), 5067:into three sections; the first six chapters (280 4993:with the universal Brahman pervading all things. 3791: 22811: 15416:Bollingen Series XXVI; Edited by Joseph Cambell. 15214:Swami Vivekananda at the Parliament of Religions 14806:Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). 14109:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 13955:Selling Yoga: From Counterculture to Pop Culture 13370: 12496:"Narendra Modi calls for International Yoga Day" 10799: 10701: 10667: 10665: 10663: 6829:is primarily the yoga outlined in the dualistic 5602:for those seeking the supreme good and ultimate 4927: 4490:and the Vratyas." Werner wrote in 1977 that the 21726:Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold) 15987:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience 15437: 15236:Religious Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, page 289–302 15013:. Princeton University Press. pp. 97–116. 14862: 14805: 14210: 14202:Carmody, Denise Lardner; Carmody, John (1996). 13032:Advaita Vedanta: A Philosophical Reconstruction 12946: 12944: 12031:. Stuttgart, 1974: A. Kroener Verlag, pp. 166f. 9308: 8463: 8059: 7704: 7678: 7597:, and does not return, yea, he does not return. 7154: 6634:(foundations or establishments of mindfulness), 6346:, founded the Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandalam in 6281:Large public yoga class in a New York City park 5519:(contemplation of God/Supreme Being/True Self). 3584:movements, including Jainism and Buddhism. The 14733:Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Volume Three 14201: 13927:"Why give yoga religious connotation: Deoband" 13200: 13198: 12372:"What's Your Style? Explore the Types of Yoga" 11395: 11241: 11239: 10833: 10767: 9888: 9886: 9754:The Master of Animals in Old World Iconography 8314: 8251: 7945:A classical definition comes from Patanjali's 7939: 5983:control, and body manipulation (including its 5740:. Its teachings are found in the encyclopedic 5503:(purity, clearness of mind, speech and body), 3694: 3671: 22279: 21761: 21171: 19966: 18818: 17700: 16460: 15523: 14962: 14586:Oxford Textbook of Spirituality in Healthcare 13167:Mukunda Stiles, Tantra Yoga Secrets, Weiser, 12952:Sankhya, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 12434: 12364: 12101:"A Preliminary Survey of Modern Yoga Studies" 10947: 10877:Kautiliya, R Shamasastry (Translator), page 9 10660: 10439: 10437: 10435: 7479:, 1964, pp. 27–32, 76 and S. K. Belvakar and 6819:What is often referred to as classical yoga, 5957:, which emphasizes concentration on Krishna. 4614:, dated to the fifth to first centuries BCE. 4035:, one of the primary authorities in non-dual 3453: 16436: 15300:. Princeton University Press. pp. 1–23. 14192: 14146:Hatha Yoga: Its Context, Theory and Practice 13440:"Mental and spiritual wellness in isolation" 13272:Columbia University Press. 2002, pg.169–235. 13034:, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 104–105. 12941: 12865:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 12382: 12350:. Aperture, USA. p. cover jacket text. 12177: 11179: 11177: 11142: 11140: 11051: 11049: 8597: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8003:, p. 2). Another classical definition ( 7239:," that were mostly critical of eastern and 7222:practices that include yoga and meditation. 7076:, author unknown (1500 or late 17th century) 6377:International Day of Yoga in New Delhi, 2016 6133:. Hatha yoga blends elements of Patanjali's 5978:means "technique". George Samuel wrote that 5856: 5071:) deal with karma yoga, the middle six (209 4395: 4153:A name of a school or system of philosophy ( 3716:word "yoke," since both are derived from an 3535:practices or disciplines that originated in 21914:Shikantaza (Zen Buddhist seated meditation) 21827:Anapanasati (Buddhist breathing meditation) 15352: 14247: 13879:"Badawi: Yoga for Muslims OK without chant" 13414:"Inside the Growing Wold of Christian Yoga" 13195: 12984:(2002), Yoga: Its Scientific Basis, Dover, 12095: 12062: 11994: 11695:. Princeton University Press 2012, page 14. 11507: 11236: 10750: 10307:"Vedanta and Buddhism, A Comparative Study" 9883: 8694:, India: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 226. 7608:and does not return,—yea, does not return.— 6704:is a stable, relaxed mind, associated with 6411:are widely-recognised symbols of yoga. The 6370:. Modern yoga has spread around the world. 6180: 5688: 5489:(celibacy, fidelity to one's partner), and 5381:tradition of meditation and introspection. 5223:One of the best-known early expressions of 5201: 4975:everywhere are described as goals of yoga. 4150:Techniques of controlling the body and mind 22357:Association for Research and Enlightenment 22286: 22272: 22218:The Varieties of the Meditative Experience 21768: 21754: 21178: 21164: 21089:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini) 19973: 19959: 18825: 18811: 17707: 17693: 16467: 16453: 15530: 15516: 15310:The 'Yoga Sutra of Patanjali': A Biography 15069: 14427: 14405: 14381: 14355: 13602:Dr Ankerberg, John & Dr Weldon, John, 13407: 13405: 13403: 13225: 13117: 12884: 12803: 12762: 12747: 12612: 12494:Rajghatta, Chidanand (28 September 2014). 12342: 12126: 11919: 11907: 11766:The Lion's Roar: An Introduction to Tantra 11722:The Lion's Roar: An Introduction to Tantra 11183:N Tummers (2009), Teaching Yoga for Life, 10617: 10615: 10613: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10432: 10418: 9634:Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali with Bhasvati 9616: 9221: 8744:Yoga Philosophy of Patanjali with Bhasvati 8642: 8640: 8563: 8028: 8004: 7996: 7950: 7801:, in "The Greater Exhortation to Rahula" ( 7477:Doctrine and argument in Indian Philosophy 7111: 6993:is an influential Advaita text which uses 6332:and systematised asanas in his 1966 book, 6255:during the 19th and early 20th centuries. 5630:Yoga is the union of the individual self ( 5627:saṁyogo yoga ityukto jīvātma-paramātmanoḥ॥ 5400:translates it as "Yoga is the inhibition ( 5075:) with bhakti yoga, and the last six (211 4549:10.136 and the ascetic performance of the 4416:posture, and the roots of yoga are in the 3748:("to concentrate"). In the context of the 3460: 3446: 15443:Edwin Bryant (2011, Rutgers University), 15338:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 68–70. 15105: 15060: 14995: 14881:. Oxford University Press. September 2015 14851: 14739: 14727: 14718: 14611: 14514: 14341:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 14269: 13837:Top Islamic body: Yoga is not for Muslims 13810:Freedom of Religion Under Bills of Rights 13381: 13207: 12923: 12911: 12724: 12493: 12459: 12428: 12416: 12247: 12235: 12204: 11883: 11871: 11603: 11174: 11137: 11130: 11128: 11055:Edwin Bryant (2011, Rutgers University), 11046: 10735:. Columbia University Press. p. 26. 10406: 10156: 10127: 9673: 9469: 9293: 9281: 9181: 9156: 8875: 8582: 8457: 8326: 8118: 8090: 8072: 8052:Hindu-scholars have argued that Yoga has 7143:Kundalini yoga aims to awaken bodily and 6624:(four meditations or mental absorptions), 6150:during the 15th and 16th centuries, when 5586:accepts. Yoga disputes Advaita Vedanta's 4822:of the early Upanishads with concepts of 4748:which discuss yogic practice include the 4147:A disciplined method for attaining a goal 3740:can be derived from either of two roots: 38:. For the ancient Indian philosophy, see 22845:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity 15419: 14941: 14911: 14893: 14574: 14553: 14472: 14451: 14316:Zen Buddhism: a History: India and China 14075: 14026:"It's OK to stretch, just don't believe" 13958:. Oxford University Press. p. 195. 13614: 13612: 13536:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 74. 13531: 13437: 13306: 12748:Mahapragya, Acharya (2004). "Foreword". 12558:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 12328:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMehta1990 ( 12210: 12146:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 12015: 11582: 11495: 11245: 10902: 10900: 10638: 10562: 10535: 10511: 10348: 10293: 10281: 10215: 9990: 9877: 9773: 9440: 9072: 9060: 8685: 8398: 8198: 8084: 8080: 7865:contemporaneous with the Buddha, wrote: 7825:ānāpānassatiṃ, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. 7308:body imposed a legally-enforceable 2008 7038: 6926: 6538: 6372: 6276: 6184: 6110: 5692: 5241:; the school is mentioned in Kauṭilya's 5207: 4995: 4659: 4111: 3644: 3527:, lit. "yoke" or "union") is a group of 50: 21655:Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch) 21611:Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend) 17714: 15264: 15207: 15141:The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace 15096: 14602: 14533: 14287: 14233:. Santa Cruz, CA: Sri Rama Publishing. 14219: 14183: 13980:"Find alternative to yoga, urges Jakim" 13411: 13400: 13281: 13252: 13243: 13234: 13013:George Thibaut, Vedanta Sutras Part 1, 12935: 12697:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 12596:"Yoga joins Unesco world heritage list" 12530: 12440: 12294: 12108:Asian Medicine, Tradition and Modernity 11946: 11550:. Indiana University Press. p. 1. 11537: 11519: 11339:. Shambhala Publications. p. 127. 11336:Krishnamacharya: His Life and Teachings 11317: 11040: 10610: 10591:Jack Hawley (2011), The Bhagavad Gita, 10496: 10450: 10331: 9940: 9853: 9824: 9800: 9756:. Archaeolingua Alapítvány. p. 50. 9751: 9700: 9592: 9425: 9413: 9374: 9344: 9332: 9320: 8637: 8496: 8383: 8350: 8338: 8302: 7206:; Yoga is associated and reframed into 6519:, which binds the self to the cycle of 6123:tradition and a proponent of hatha yoga 6095:, whose name derives from the Sanskrit 6006:. By the turn of the first millennium, 5623:संयोगो योग इत्युक्तो जीवात्मपरमात्मनोः॥ 5082: 4392:also tend to support the linear model. 3777:; a female yogi may also be known as a 3760:(who wrote the first commentary on the 2337:Sources and classification of scripture 14: 22812: 21944:Zazen (Zen Buddhist seated meditation) 15394: 15326: 15242: 15233: 15179: 15158: 15137: 15051: 15027: 14932: 14826: 14700: 14691: 14667: 14629: 14583: 14500:. State University of New York Press. 14495: 14476:Religious Experience in Early Buddhism 14333: 14291:Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1 14164: 14141: 14115: 14106: 13808:Paul Babie and Neville Rochow (2012), 13559:by W. Bruce Walsh, Mark Savickas 2005 13503: 13431: 13216: 13001: 12969: 12649: 12531:Network, Newsroom24x7 (21 June 2015). 12388: 12295:Cushman, Ann (January–February 2000). 12282: 12216: 12183: 12154:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.163 12074: 11895: 11768:, by Chogyam Trungpa. Shambhala, 2001 11662: 11647: 11623: 11570: 11543: 11531: 11480: 11383: 11371: 11359: 11278: 11230: 11125: 11087: 11075: 11028: 11016: 11004: 10983: 10971: 10959: 10923: 10203: 10144: 10080: 10065: 10002: 9739: 9688: 9656: 9628: 9580: 9553: 9457: 9401: 9389: 9359: 9269: 9257: 9242: 8803: 8770: 8738: 8726: 8714: 8631: 8527: 8484: 8445: 8428: 8371: 8272: 8174: 8167: 8123: 8101: 8020: 8012: 8000: 7958: 6217:and philosophers and scholars such as 6106: 6025:is also known as Tantric Buddhism and 5087:Yoga is discussed in the foundational 4897:(quoted in Book 15, Sections 63–65 by 34:. For the use of yoga as therapy, see 27:Spiritual practices from ancient India 22267: 21749: 21429:Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist) 21282:Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon) 21159: 19954: 18806: 17688: 16474: 16448: 16435: 15511: 15373: 15304: 15285: 14836:. Calcutta: Susil Gupta (India) Ltd. 14620: 14439: 13692: 13638: 13609: 13141: 13129: 13054:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 183. 12899: 12774: 12441:Delaney, Brigid (17 September 2017). 12389:Beirne, Geraldine (10 January 2014). 12323: 11973: 11851:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xxi. 11594: 11441:The Foundation for Yoga Practitioners 11332: 11290: 10897: 10826:SC Vidyabhushana (1913, Translator), 10547: 10523: 10360: 10269: 10242: 10191: 10014: 9955: 9865: 9841: 9785: 9604: 9568: 9536: 9524: 9512: 9144: 9132: 9120: 9108: 9096: 9084: 9048: 8616: 8551: 8539: 8287: 8076: 8008: 7954: 7834:mindfulness of in-&-out breathing 7237:A Christian reflection on the New Age 6922: 6872:) and metaphysics are similar to the 5939:traditions integrated aspects of the 5765:The South India and Sri Lankan-based 5447:writes that if yoga is understood as 5235:Pātañjalayogaśāstra-sāṃkhya-pravacana 4810:The Upanishads, composed in the late 3829:"Because in this manner he joins the 3514: 964:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation) 959:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption) 22293: 21530:Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja) 19980: 19360:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 15198: 15004: 14649: 14640: 14228: 14220:Crangle, Edward Fitzpatrick (1994). 14213:An Introduction to Indian Philosophy 14195:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 13951: 13702:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 13463: 13412:Solomon, Serena (5 September 2017). 12775:Tulsi, Acharya (2004). "Blessings". 12259: 12132: 11102: 9812: 9166:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 9021: 8985: 8928: 8515: 8413: 7921: 7454:, a form of yoga performed on a pole 6959:: the unchanging, absolute reality. 6714:(a state of meditative absorption). 6591:use a number of terms for spiritual 6485:Yoga has been a central practice in 4143:, yoga has five principal meanings: 3590:, the classical text on Hindu yoga, 21904:Pranayama (yoga breathing practice) 21353:Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog) 21317:Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow) 21272:Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff) 20628:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace 19935:List of numbers in Hindu scriptures 15424:. Munich: Manya Verlag. p. 66. 15336:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 15082:. Munger: Yoga Publications Trust. 14871: 14215:. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. 14086: 14046: 13901:"Indonesian clerics issue yoga ban" 13382:Steinfels, Peter (7 January 1990). 13356:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 89. 12034: 11953:. Indus Source Books. p. 178. 11833:Dumoulin, Heisig & Knitter 2005 11597:Genesis and Development of Tantrism 11402:. Prentice Hall. pp. 144–145. 10678:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 64. 9694: 8469: 8257: 7577:दात्मनि सर्वैन्द्रियाणि संप्रतिष्ठा 7519:Post-classical traditions consider 7264:Early-11th-century Persian scholar 7136:and Shambhavi mudra, and awakening 7046:, a posture used as an asana and a 6911:) and resting in pure awareness of 6266: 6189:Swami Vivekananda in London in 1896 5994:Tantric concepts influenced Hindu, 5949:elucidates a form of yoga known as 5609: 5590:. It believes that in the state of 5570: 5316:On supernatural abilities and gifts 5216:as an avatar of the divine serpent 4885: 4344:and Geoffrey Samuel argue that the 24: 21685:Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways) 21680:Uttanasana (standing forward bend) 21383:Viparita Karani (legs up the wall) 21322:Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya) 15463: 14186:MacMillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism 13222:See Introduction by Rosen, pp 1–2. 12138:"The Early History of Modern Yoga" 11980:. Simon and Schuster. p. 10. 11977:The Little Red Book of Yoga Wisdom 11599:. University of Tokyo. p. 45. 11254:. Open Court Publishing. pp. 8804:Muller, F. Max (5 November 2013). 7649:The currently existing version of 5901: 5493:(non-avarice, non-possessiveness). 5245:as one of the three categories of 4959:(self) is realized. Terms such as 4632:, the middle Upanishads, and the 4436:Earliest references (1000–500 BCE) 4311: 25: 22881: 21571:Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb) 21561:Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow) 21409:Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed) 21373:Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge) 21358:Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand) 21257:Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow) 20891:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga 15479: 15470:White, David Gordon, ed. (2012). 15377:The Origin of Buddhist Meditation 14978:A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy 13557:Handbook of vocational psychology 13065:Śabdapramāṇa: Word and Knowledge. 12826:Early Buddhist Meditation Studies 12184:Mishra, Debashree (3 July 2016). 12148:. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. 11920:Mansukhani, Gobind Singh (2009). 11711:Wisdom Publications. pp. 135–141. 10249:. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1809. 6808: 6451:. In Hinduism, practices include 6175: 6146:Yogic groups became prominent in 4656:Buddhism and the śramaṇa movement 4618:Second urbanisation (500–200 BCE) 4350:movement originated in non-Vedic 3736:(4th c. BCE) wrote that the term 30:For modern yoga as exercise, see 22248: 22247: 21862:Henosis (Neoplatonic meditation) 21721:Natarajasana (lord of the dance) 21419:Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank) 21295: 20262: 15484: 15291:"Yoga, Brief History of an Idea" 15009:. In White, David Gordon (ed.). 14040: 14018: 14000: 13972: 13945: 13919: 13893: 13871: 13845: 13830: 13819:, University of Adelaide Press, 13802: 13772: 13752: 13728: 13686: 13669: 13644: 13606:, Harvest House Publishers, 1996 13596: 13550: 13525: 13482: 13457: 13342: 13333: 13300: 13295:Yoga: The Technology of Ecstasy, 13287: 13262: 13178: 13161: 13135: 13098: 13078: 13057: 13044: 13024: 13007: 12975: 12857: 12844: 12831: 12818: 12809: 12768: 12741: 12684: 12606: 12588: 12566: 12524: 12506: 12487: 12465: 12336: 12288: 12260:Kest, Bryan (4 September 2017). 12253: 12080: 12021: 11974:Besaw, Kelsie (7 January 2014). 11967: 11940: 11913: 11877: 11865: 11838: 11826: 11810: 11794: 11778: 11759: 11743: 11734: 11714: 11685: 11668: 11588: 11433: 11416: 11389: 11326: 11311: 11284: 11203: 11194: 11157: 11108: 10880: 10865: 10784: 10644: 10585: 10568: 10412: 10366: 10299: 10236: 10162: 10121: 10108: 10098: 10086: 10031: 10008: 9961: 9903: 9745: 9622: 9472:Res: Anthropology and Aesthetics 7887: 7839: 7775: 7745: 7732: 7719: 7710: 7697: 7684: 7667: 7657: 7643: 7634: 7624: 7611: 7569: 7543: 7526: 7513: 7500: 7406: 7392: 7364:Directorate of Religious Affairs 7256:inconsistent with Christianity. 7100:Buddhism, founded by the Indian 6710:(mental unification, focus) and 6534: 6082:replacing mahayoga and atiyoga. 5874: 5865: 5160:Classical era (200 BCE – 500 CE) 5059:consists of 18 chapters and 700 4298:, and a philosophical system of 4247:) of the Bhagavad Gita, and the 4025:atha tattvadarsanabhyupāyo yogah 3486: 3427: 114: 68: 21535:Marichyasana (the sage Marichi) 20402:Yoga and cultural appropriation 14575:Jacobsen, Knut A., ed. (2018). 14554:Jacobsen, Knut A., ed. (2011). 14127:. New York: North Point Press. 13604:Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs 13153:. pp. 147–149 – via 12217:Doctor, Vikram (15 June 2018). 11845:Akshaya Kumar Banerjea (1983). 9463: 9150: 9027: 9003: 8991: 8964: 8948: 8934: 8910: 8895: 8881: 8852: 8838: 8824: 8797: 8776: 8732: 8686:Dasgupta, Surendranath (1975). 8657: 8129: 7490: 7487:, 1974 (1927), pp. 81, 303–409. 7469: 7232:Aspects of Christian meditation 7159: 7084:by Gheranda (late 17th century) 7007: 6666:(contemplations, recollections) 6413:United Nations General Assembly 6154:was beginning. Compositions by 6085: 5888:in 17th- and 18th-century India 5716:Buddhism. At the height of the 5481:(truthfulness, non-falsehood), 5212:Traditional Hindu depiction of 4802:Buddhist texts have been lost. 4756:four foundations of mindfulness 4400:The twentieth-century scholars 4378: 21929:Transcendental meditation (TM) 21775: 21711:Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa) 19473:Science of Identity Foundation 19340:Bhakti Prajnana Kesava Goswami 16807:Progressive utilization theory 15312:. Princeton University Press. 15061:Sarbacker, Stuart Ray (2005). 15037:. Cambridge University Press. 15034:The Origins of Yoga and Tantra 14645:. Georgetown University Press. 14479:. OCHS Library. Archived from 14296:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 14150:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 14028:. Hurriyet.com.tr. 21 May 2009 13782:. Islam.gov.my. Archived from 13511:"Vatican sounds New Age alert" 12709:10.1002/14651858.cd010671.pub2 11636:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 11457:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 11318:Divanji, Prahlad, ed. (1954). 11219:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 10936:Radhakrishnan & Moore 1967 10860:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 10485:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 10054:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 9929:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 8792:Mallinson & Singleton 2017 8688:A History of Indian Philosophy 8046: 8015:, p. 2), informed by the 7692:Radhakrishnan & Moore 1967 6207:New England Transcendentalists 6119:, an 11th-century yogi of the 6018:Vajrayana and Tibetan Buddhism 5249:(philosophies), with yoga and 3792:Definitions in classical texts 202:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies 13: 1: 21952:(tai chi standing meditation) 21934:Vipassanā (Silent meditation) 21892:Naam Japo (Sikism meditation) 21801:Meditation in popular culture 21791:Brain activity and meditation 21706:Ardha Chandrasana (half moon) 19488:Sri Sri Radha Govindaji Trust 15474:. Princeton University Press. 14996:Rambachan, Anatanand (1994), 14948:. Columbia University Press. 14852:Nicholson, Andrew J. (2010), 14701:Madaio, James (24 May 2017). 14696:. Princeton University Press. 14692:Larson, Gerald James (2014). 14447:. Cambridge University Press. 14435:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 14339:Yoga: Immortality and Freedom 14206:. Oxford University Press US. 14197:. Princeton University Press. 13853:"Mixed reactions to yoga ban" 13231:See translation by Mallinson. 12850:Buswell, Robert, ed. (2004), 11926:. Hemkunt Press. p. 66. 11439:Ulrich Timme Kragh (editor), 11291:Rosen, Richard (March 2006). 11246:Phillips, Stephen H. (1995). 10875:Arthasastra Book 1, Chapter 2 10118:London: Routledge. pp. 17–19. 10116:The Khecarīvidyā of Adinathā. 9619:, Kindle Locations 7299–7300. 8244: 7694:, "Contents" and pp. 453–487. 7506:See also Gavin Flood (1996), 7108:) which resemble hatha yoga. 7034: 6649:(supranormal states of mind), 6595:in addition to yoga, such as 6442: 6261:Yoga: Immortality and Freedom 6219:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 5924:. The movement, begun by the 5432:) from taking various forms ( 5134:, the foundation text of the 4839:The hymns in book two of the 4805: 4358:traditions may be connected: 4284: 3786: 3258:Other society-related topics: 954:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy) 22830:Hindu philosophical concepts 21852:Dhyāna (Buddhist meditation) 21368:Sarvangasana (shoulderstand) 21252:Anjaneyasana (crescent moon) 19478:Sri Caitanya Prema Samsthana 18888:Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya 15446:The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 15422:Jainism Today and Its Future 15353:Worthington, Vivian (1982). 15250:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 15076:Asana Pranayama Mudra Bandha 15056:, Cambridge University Press 15005:Ruff, Jeffrey Clark (2011). 15000:, University of Hawaii Press 14082:. Madras: The Adyar Library. 13015:The Sacred Books of the East 11057:The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 10729:Andrew J. Nicholson (2013). 10672:Johannes Bronkhorst (1993). 7485:History of Indian philosophy 7210:. This has drawn charges of 7155:Reception by other religions 7068:by Svātmārāma (15th century) 6730:) as being empty of a self. 6531:, and reflection (bhāvanā). 6474: 6425:intangible cultural heritage 5898:emerged during this period. 5805:calls yoga the generator of 5144:—the foundation text of the 4596:Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana 3902:yogas chitta vritti nirodhah 3640: 3369:Hinduism and other religions 2166:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati 7: 21882:Muraqabah (Sufi meditation) 21459:Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep) 21404:Anantasana (Vishnu's couch) 19483:Sri Chaitanya Saraswat Math 15115:. Oxford University Press. 14918:. Oxford University Press. 14898:, Oxford University Press, 14863:O'Brien-Kop, Karen (2021). 14858:, Columbia University Press 14588:. Oxford University Press. 14458:. New York: Harmony Books. 14445:An Introduction to Hinduism 14363:The Shambhala Guide to Yoga 14270:Desmarais, Michele (2008), 14224:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. 14076:Ayyangar, T. R. S. (1938). 13780:"Sidang Media – Fatwa Yoga" 13736:"Situating Sufism and Yoga" 13695:"Situating Sufism and Yoga" 13468:. Oxford University Press. 12262:"The History of Power Yoga" 11595:Einoo, Shingo, ed. (2009). 9630:Aranya, Swami Hariharananda 8740:Aranya, Swami Hariharananda 7824: 7705:Chatterjee & Datta 1984 7679:Chatterjee & Datta 1984 7599:Translation 2 by G.N. Jha: 7385: 7174:of yoga, stripped from the 6995:short stories and anecdotes 6936:Adi Shankara with Disciples 6614:, yoga practices included: 6415:established 21 June as the 6199:Treatise on Yoga Philosophy 5916:advocated the concept of a 5736:towards awakening and full 5419: 5411: 5403: 5305:On being immersed in spirit 5294:On being absorbed in spirit 4945:) of the third-century BCE 4876:and related texts (such as 4156: 3686: 3678: 3543:goals, as practiced in the 3114:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram 3086:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 819:Arishadvargas (six enemies) 763:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs) 758:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body) 10: 22886: 21601:Mulabandhasana (root lock) 21185: 20390:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus 19493:World Vaisnava Association 19416:Six Goswamis of Vrindavana 15248:Yoga And Indian Philosophy 15138:Sjoman, Norman E. (1999). 15101:. Oxford University Press. 15097:Shearer, Alistair (2020). 14963:Radhakrishnan, S. (1971). 14942:Phillips, Stephen (2009). 14912:Olivelle, Patrick (1998). 14894:Olivelle, Patrick (1996), 14625:. Oxford University Press. 14607:. Oxford University Press. 14473:Gombrich, Richard (2007). 14111:. Oxford University Press. 14063: 13989:. Malaysia. Archived from 13580:. Ewtn.com. Archived from 13489:Victor L. Simpson (1989). 13297:J.P. Tarcher, 1989, p. 61. 13204:See Kriyananada, page 112. 12781:. Aadarsh Saahitya Sangh. 12223:The Economic Times (India) 12000:Shaw, Eric. "35 Moments", 10629:, Introduction, pages x–xi 9174:Cambridge University Press 8667:Rigveda Book 5, Chapter 81 8315:Carmody & Carmody 1996 7458:Traditional games of India 7170:Some Christians integrate 7163: 7052: 7011: 6812: 6556: 6478: 6391:and over 900 performed by 6270: 6221:(1770–1831), the brothers 6141: 5912:In medieval Hinduism, the 5905: 5788: 5784: 5704:The Buddhist tradition of 5681:. It discusses eight yoga 5613: 5499:(The five "observances"): 4621: 4439: 4306: 4273: 4074:of Lakshmanadesikendra, a 2990:Naalayira Divya Prabandham 1675:Gurus, sants, philosophers 1611:Akshar Purushottam Darshan 799:Uparati (self-settledness) 29: 22644: 22468: 22385: 22349: 22301: 22243: 22227: 22209: 22108: 21965: 21857:Dhyāna (Hindu meditation) 21819: 21783: 21698: 21642: 21633: 21553: 21522: 21504:Siddhasana (accomplished) 21484:Baddha Konasana (cobbler) 21474: 21467: 21454:Vasishtasana (side plank) 21396: 21345: 21312:Ashtavakrasana (8-angled) 21304: 21293: 21242: 21193: 21145:Modern Yoginis (template) 21097: 20885:Vishnudevananda Saraswati 20807:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya 20754: 20715: 20618: 20522: 20437: 20372: 20311:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga 20278: 20271: 20260: 20211: 20186: 20178:International Day of Yoga 20165: 20113: 20073: 19995: 19988: 19715: 19669: 19613: 19547: 19501: 19445: 19424: 19373: 19350:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 19335:Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu 19225: 19148: 19063: 18958: 18840: 18774: 18734: 18683: 18676: 18650: 18577: 18531: 18461: 18410: 18309: 18143: 18105: 18016: 17931: 17863: 17810: 17803: 17722: 17216: 17015: 16815: 16784: 16699: 16614: 16545: 16538: 16482: 16442: 16378:International Day of Yoga 16358: 16279: 16270: 16136: 16098: 16058: 16049: 15934: 15877: 15686: 15645: 15609: 15600: 15545: 15420:Zydenbos, Robert (2006). 15374:Wynne, Alexander (2007). 15052:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), 14745:"Sāktism and 'Hathayoga'" 14452:Goldberg, Philip (2010). 13714:10.1017/S1356186304004675 13270:Indian Esoteric Buddhism. 12752:. Aadarsh Saahitya Sangh. 12670:10.1016/j.pop.2009.09.009 12029:Die Philosophie der Inder 12027:Von Glasenapp, Hellmuth. 10800:Stephen Phillips (2009). 10702:Stephen Phillips (2009). 10015:Wynne, Alexander (2004). 9484:10.1086/RESv1n1ms20166655 9183:10.1017/s1356186313000734 9162:"The Yogīs' Latest Trick" 8229:), leading to liberation. 7901:using fluid transitions ( 7296:sects such as the mystic 6845:, but was popularised by 6647:four immaterial dwellings 6417:International Day of Yoga 6213:(1803–1882), who drew on 5960: 5857:Middle Ages (500–1500 CE) 5843:are similar to Jainism's 5634:) with the supreme self ( 5275:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 4568:(c. 900 BCE), one of the 4478:According to Flood, "The 4418:Indus Valley civilisation 4396:Indus Valley Civilisation 4375:as a common denominator. 4167:The goal of yoga practice 3695: 3683:is derived from the root 3672: 3481: 2156:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati 814:Samadhana (concentration) 678:Three paths to liberation 185:Tribal religions in India 170:Historical Vedic religion 165:Indus Valley Civilisation 22450:Transpersonal psychology 22403:Human Potential Movement 21690:Virabhadrasana (warrior) 21388:Vrischikasana (scorpion) 21140:Yoga teachers (category) 21135:Yoga scholars (template) 20643:A History of Modern Yoga 19920:Hindu views on evolution 16994:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 16437:Articles related to Yoga 16398:Yoga scholars (template) 15663:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 15537: 15334:. In Gavin Flood (ed.). 15159:Stiles, Mukunda (2001). 14867:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 14623:A Dictionary of Buddhism 14614:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 14605:A Dictionary of Hinduism 14515:Hari Dass, Baba (1978). 14496:Grimes, John A. (1996). 14253:A History of Modern Yoga 14229:Dass, Baba Hari (1999). 14184:Buswell, Robert (2004). 14047:PTI (15 November 2017). 13952:Jain, Andrea R. (2014). 13815:22 December 2015 at the 13532:Teasdale, Wayne (2004). 13464:Jain, Andrea R. (2015). 13438:Carleton, James (2020). 13307:Daniélou, Alain (1991). 13132:, pp. xvi–xvii, 51. 13063:P. P. Bilimoria (2012). 13050:Comans, Michael (2000), 12867:. Routledge. pp. 68–69. 12852:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 12120:10.1163/157342107X207182 11947:Dhillon, Harish (2010). 11709:The Bliss of Inner Fire. 10374:Shvetashvatara Upanishad 10372:See: Original Sanskrit: 10216:Douglass, Laura (2011). 10114:Mallinson, James. 2007. 9632:(2000). "Introduction". 8971:Mālinīvijayottara Tantra 8889:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 8598:Buswell & Lopez 2014 8225:) and the highest self ( 8035:) with the higher Self ( 7893:Not to be confused with 7876:) or 'concentrations' ( 7591:Sacred Books of the East 7463: 7337:Indonesian Ulema Council 7259: 6832:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6763:pure land or buddhafield 6698:(insight, clear seeing). 6642:(mindfulness of breath), 6181:Introduction in the West 5841:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 5689:Abhidharma and Yogachara 5473:(The five abstentions): 5408:) of the modifications ( 5269:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 5230:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 5203:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 5175:Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali 4963:(subtle reflection) and 4854:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 4841:Shvetashvatara Upanishad 4775:mention meditation; the 4766:mindfulness of breathing 4566:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 4261:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 4033:Mālinīvijayottara Tantra 3892:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 3656:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 3613:, consisting largely of 3587:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 990:, sacrifice, and charity 22781:Psychological astrology 21806:Mind–body interventions 21514:Vajrasana (thunderbolt) 21378:Shirshasana (headstand) 20931:Satchidananda Saraswati 20682:The Path of Modern Yoga 20361:Autobiography of a Yogi 18735:Fruits and other plants 16924:Samkhyapravachana Sutra 16036:Yogasopana Purvacatuska 14975:; Moore, C. A. (1967). 14937:. Motilall Banarsidass. 14677:. Motilal Banarsidass. 14274:, Motilal Banarsidass, 14193:Buswell; Lopez (2014). 13104:Michael Comans (1993), 13067:Springer. pp. 299–301. 13030:Deutsch, Eliot (1988), 11923:Introduction To Sikhism 11720:Chogyam Trungpa (2001) 11544:Cutler, Norman (1987). 11396:John M. Koller (2002). 10468:1 November 2022 at the 10243:Datta, Amaresh (1988). 10222:Academic Search Premier 9701:Doniger, Wendy (2011). 8600:, p. entry "yoga". 8305:, p. entry "Yoga". 8290:, p. entry "Yoga". 8275:, p. entry "Yoga". 7523:the originator of yoga. 7276:reached Persia and the 7198:terms), and abandoning 7166:Category:Christian yoga 7112:Laya and kundalini yoga 6761:aiming at rebirth in a 6223:August Wilhelm Schlegel 6062:, Upa yoga, Yoga yana, 4914:Charles Rockwell Lanman 4318:eastern states of India 4056:scholar Narayanakantha 3764:) says that yoga means 3512:Sanskrit pronunciation: 3163:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 2376:Timeline of Hindu texts 2281:Siddharameshwar Maharaj 1314:Pumsavana Simantonayana 969:Śabda (word, testimony) 207:Epic-Puranic chronology 175:Dravidian folk religion 88:question marks or boxes 59:performing yoga in the 22689:Creative visualization 22329:Progressive electronic 21811:Research on meditation 21670:Trikonasana (triangle) 21494:Gorakshasana (cowherd) 21489:Gomukhasana (cow face) 21434:Makarasana (crocodile) 21337:Tittibhasana (firefly) 21327:Kukkutasana (cockerel) 20091:European Union of Yoga 19463:Gaudiya Vedanta Samiti 19132:Chaitanya Charitamrita 16660:Early Buddhist schools 15489:Quotations related to 15180:Taimni, I. K. (1961). 14812:. Dorling Kindersley. 14641:King, Richard (1999). 14621:Keown, Damien (2004). 14603:Johnson, W.J. (2009). 14288:Deussen, Paul (1997). 14249:De Michelis, Elizabeth 14165:Burley, Mikel (2012). 14142:Burley, Mikel (2000). 13765:24 August 2014 at the 13513:. BBC. 4 February 2003 13354:Meditation and Mantras 13350:Vishnudevananda, Swami 12863:Paul Williams (2008). 12097:De Michelis, Elizabeth 11459:, pp. xvii–xviii. 9915:22 August 2016 at the 8748:University of Calcutta 8542:, p. xvi–xvii, 2. 8189:) or with one's self ( 7589:, The Upanishads, The 7540:and Mediterranean art. 7229:issued two documents: 7225:In 1989 and 2003, the 7212:cultural appropriation 7204:the philosophy of Yoga 7200:involved Hindu mantras 7088:Some scholars include 7050: 6939: 6692:(calm, stability) and 6682:, sense restraint and 6554: 6546:in seated meditation, 6378: 6282: 6190: 6173: 6124: 5751:for Yoga Practitioners 5701: 5675:Yoga Tattva Upanishads 5640: 5531:("Breath exercises"): 5220: 5011: 4849:Maitrayaniya Upanishad 4837: 4717: 4669: 4511: 4424:, Andrea R. Jain, and 4365: 3897:c. first centuries CE 3821:Maitrayaniya Upanishad 3663: 3572:and a number of early 3128:Eighteen Greater Texts 2757:Brahma Vaivarta Purana 2186:Krishnananda Saraswati 1430:Vijayadashami-Dussehra 944:Pratyakṣa (perception) 804:Titiksha (forbearance) 76:This article contains 63: 42:. For other uses, see 22581:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 21978:Brainwave entrainment 21796:History of meditation 21675:Utkatasana (powerful) 21576:Hanumanasana (monkey) 21444:Shalabhasana (locust) 20847:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga 20355:Paramahansa Yogananda 20135:Trauma-sensitive yoga 20086:British Wheel of Yoga 19651:Vaikuntha Chaturdashi 15498:Yoga media on Commons 15401:Philosophies of India 15332:"Vedas and Upanisads" 15265:Whicher, Ian (1998). 15217:. Indic Publication. 14933:Olsson, Tova (2023). 14809:Yoga: The Iyengar Way 14616:. Facts On File, Inc. 14255:. London: Continuum. 14107:Bowker, John (2000). 13625:12 March 2017 at the 12957:18 March 2019 at the 12627:10.1089/acm.2009.0044 11691:White, David Gordon. 11609:Banerjee, S.C., 1988. 10873:English Translation: 10445:The Hindu Yoga System 10385:English Translation: 10005:, pp. 34–35, 53. 9967:Richard King (1995). 9868:, pp. 44–45, 58. 9742:, pp. 68–70, 90. 8583:Jones & Ryan 2007 7987:witness-consciousness 7895:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga 7803:Maha-Rahulovada Sutta 7320:and its practice was 7216:Roman Catholic Church 7164:Further information: 7042: 6930: 6571:Its ultimate goal is 6569:37 aids to awakening. 6542: 6376: 6318:ashtanga vinyasa yoga 6280: 6188: 6168: 6114: 5839:(constraints) of the 5696: 5620: 5458:Patanjali defined an 5211: 4999: 4832: 4709: 4663: 4610:first appears in the 4507: 4440:Further information: 4360: 4112:Scholarly definitions 3648: 3629:after the success of 3244:Varna-related topics: 3135:Eighteen Lesser Texts 2708:Devi Bhagavata Purana 1604:Svabhavika Bhedabheda 1590:Achintya Bheda Abheda 1522:Philosophical schools 824:Ahamkara (attachment) 784:Vairagya (dispassion) 712:Mokṣa-related topics: 54: 44:Yoga (disambiguation) 22870:Bodyweight exercises 22724:Higher consciousness 22664:Alternative medicine 22018:Higher consciousness 21837:Christian meditation 21616:Samakonasana (split) 21586:Kurmasana (tortoise) 21581:Kraunchasana (heron) 21332:Mayurasana (peacock) 21262:Bhujangasana (cobra) 21130:List of yoga schools 21001:Yoga the Iyengar Way 20905:Satyananda Saraswati 20900:Bihar School of Yoga 20636:Yoga in Modern India 20545:Lilias, Yoga and You 20348:Seetharaman Sundaram 19325:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu 17098:Brihadratha Ikshvaku 16935:Sarvadarsanasangraha 16712:Acintya bheda abheda 16383:List of yoga schools 16149:Kriyayoga (Buddhist) 15980:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 15199:Vasudeva, Somadeva. 14669:Larson, Gerald James 14517:Ashtanga Yoga Primer 13693:Ernst, C.W. (2005). 13213:See Burley, page 73. 13145:(March–April 2001). 12854:, MacMillan, p. 889. 12837:Thanissaro Bhikkhu, 12765:, pp. 187, 198. 12344:Desikachar, T. K. V. 11638:, pp. xviii–xx. 11333:Mohan, A.G. (2010). 10862:, pp. xvi–xvii. 10487:, pp. xii–xxii. 10379:4 March 2011 at the 10169:Bronkhorst, Johannes 8903:Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra 8554:, pp. xvi–xvii. 7481:Inchegeri Sampradaya 7432:List of yoga schools 7065:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 6746:Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra 6722:yathābhūtaṃ darśanam 6672:Noble Eightfold Path 6601:("development") and 5763:Pātañjalayogaśāstra. 5743:Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra 5667:Hatha Yoga Pradipika 5227:yoga thought is the 5189:Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra 5083:Philosophical sutras 4862:mental concentration 4630:early Buddhist texts 4604:Taittiriya Upanishad 4570:Principal Upanishads 4059:6th–10th century CE 4041:6th–10th century CE 3919:Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra 3659:, meditating in the 3376:Hinduism and Jainism 2306:Vethathiri Maharishi 2211:Nisargadatta Maharaj 779:Viveka (discernment) 154:(500/200 BCE–300 CE) 22776:Religious pluralism 22679:Bicameral mentality 22636:Marianne Williamson 22621:Neale Donald Walsch 22460:Western esotericism 22372:Findhorn Foundation 22309:New Age communities 22235:Meditation and pain 21998:Conscious breathing 21832:Buddhist meditation 21665:Tadasana (mountain) 21277:Kapotasana (pigeon) 20957:Himalayan Institute 20819:T. K. V. Desikachar 20794:Swami Kuvalayananda 20608:Selvarajan Yesudian 19915:Hindu units of time 19905:Hinduism by country 19748:Achintya Bhedābheda 19631:Krishna Janmashtami 19345:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 19206:Nimbarka Sampradaya 17716:Worship in Hinduism 17158:Dayananda Saraswati 16732:Nimbarka Sampradaya 16656:Buddhist philosophy 16184:Six Yogas of Naropa 15966:Hathabhyasapaddhati 15452:18 May 2019 at the 15306:White, David Gordon 15287:White, David Gordon 15182:The Science of Yoga 14079:The Yoga Upanishads 13996:on 8 February 2015. 13496:The Washington Post 13293:Feuerstein, Georg, 12887:, pp. 230–241. 12806:, pp. 192–193. 12520:. 11 December 2014. 12419:, pp. 29, 170. 12378:. 13 November 2012. 12250:, pp. 175–210. 12238:, pp. 199–203. 11707:Lama Yeshe (1998). 11650:, pp. 324–333. 11547:Songs of Experience 11534:, pp. 136–139. 11483:, pp. 134–140. 11386:, pp. 485–486. 11374:, pp. 481–484. 11293:"Guided Meditation" 11062:18 May 2019 at the 10383:Book 2, Hymns 8–14; 10206:, pp. 119–120. 9392:, p. 217, 314. 8998:Mrgendratantravrtti 8988:, pp. 235–236. 8746:. Calcutta, India: 8672:11 May 2017 at the 8530:, pp. 362–363. 8353:, pp. 103–138. 8183:) with the divine ( 8135:Original Sanskrit: 7995:, matter and mind ( 7817:(in Pali, based on 7601:Chandogya Upanishad 7581:Chandogya Upanishad 7341:Darul Uloom Deoband 6791:six yogas of Naropa 6759:pure land practices 6559:Buddhist meditation 6344:T. K. V. Desikachar 6302:Swami Kuvalayananda 6235:Arthur Schopenhauer 6211:Ralph Waldo Emerson 6107:Medieval hatha yoga 5922:Supreme Personality 5327:On absolute freedom 5276: 5107:Johannes Bronkhorst 5051:: yoga of knowledge 4891:Alexander the Great 4866:logic and reasoning 4694:second urbanisation 4624:Second urbanisation 4574:Chandogya Upanishad 4390:Indigenous Aryanism 4300:Patanjaliyogasastra 4292: 200 BCE 4117:Sanskrit lexicon." 4050:Mrgendratantravrtti 3995:7th–10th century CE 3879:c. 2nd century BCE 3864:last centuries BCE 3849:c. 4th century BCE 3826:c. 4th century BCE 3814:Definition of Yoga 3804: 3720:root. According to 3434:Hinduism portal 3313:Hinduism by country 3149:Iraiyanar Akapporul 3093:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 2176:Dayananda Saraswati 2161:Bhaktivinoda Thakur 2067:Sripada Srivallabha 2007:Raghunatha Siromani 1972:Narasimha Saraswati 949:Anumāṇa (inference) 22865:Spiritual practice 22786:Sun sign astrology 22377:New World Alliance 22341:New Age travellers 22115:Focused attention 21887:New Age meditation 21867:Islamic meditation 21731:Vrikshasana (tree) 21716:Garudasana (eagle) 21650:Parighasana (gate) 21596:Mandukasana (frog) 21591:Malasana (garland) 21449:Shavasana (corpse) 21287:Ushtrasana (camel) 21063:Beryl Bender Birch 21014:c. 1975 20845:c. 1948 20834:Srivatsa Ramaswami 20771:The Yoga Institute 20741:Breath of the Gods 20326:Genevieve Stebbins 20096:André Van Lysebeth 19900:Vaishnava theology 19646:Ananta Chaturdashi 19355:Bhakti Hridaya Bon 19265:Manavala Mamunigal 18883:Om Namo Narayanaya 18135:Om Namo Narayanaya 16769:Pashupata Shaivism 16599:Pashupata Shaivism 16073:Samadhi (Buddhism) 15945:Amaraugha Prabodha 15209:Vivekananda, Swami 14720:10.3390/rel8060101 14433:The Yoga Tradition 14053:The Economic Times 13389:The New York Times 13268:Davidson, Ronald. 13004:, pp. 39, 41. 12602:. 1 December 2016. 12551:has generic name ( 12518:The Times of India 12500:The Times of India 12285:, pp. 39, 47. 12207:, pp. 32, 50. 11399:Asian Philosophies 10948:Radhakrishnan 1971 10894:, see Introduction 10443:Charles R Lanman, 10313:on 4 February 2013 10083:, pp. 119–20. 9347:, p. 103-138. 8863:, 2.48, 2.50, 6.23 8416:, pp. 97–112. 8173:See, for example, 8116:Hatha Yoga dating: 8087:, pp. 12–13). 8083:, pp. 28–30, 8075:, pp. 25–34, 7863:wandering ascetics 7845:See, for example, 7132:), mudras such as 7051: 6940: 6923:In Advaita Vedanta 6773:introspection and 6563:Dhyāna in Buddhism 6555: 6387:) to about 200 in 6379: 6287:smooth transitions 6283: 6227:Friedrich Schlegel 6215:German Romanticism 6209:; among them were 6191: 6125: 5850:Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya 5833:Robert J. Zydenbos 5702: 5517:Ishvara-Pranidhana 5377:synthesize is the 5274: 5221: 5045:: yoga of devotion 5012: 4751:Satipatthana Sutta 4670: 4172:David Gordon White 4020:c. 8th century CE 3803: 3664: 3558:Yoga may have pre- 3328:Caribbean Shaktism 3047:Kanakadhara Stotra 2296:U. G. Krishnamurti 2276:Satyadhyana Tirtha 1872:Gangesha Upadhyaya 1530:Six Astika schools 774:Ānanda (happiness) 753:Anātman (non-self) 64: 22860:Physical exercise 22840:Indian inventions 22805: 22804: 22799: 22798: 22771:Quantum mysticism 22751:Michael Teachings 22734:Law of attraction 22398:Hippie subculture 22261: 22260: 22199:Stephen Batchelor 22194:Martine Batchelor 22140:Multiple methods 22013:Guided meditation 21877:Jewish meditation 21842:Taoist meditation 21743: 21742: 21739: 21738: 21629: 21628: 21545:Pashasana (noose) 21499:Padmasana (lotus) 21439:Matsyasana (fish) 21424:Dhanurasana (bow) 21363:Halasana (plough) 21153: 21152: 21125:Asanas (template) 21120:Post-lineage yoga 20750: 20749: 20706:The Story of Yoga 20459:Frank Jude Boccio 20316:Marguerite Agniel 20286:Early modern yoga 20258: 20257: 19948: 19947: 19845:Indian philosophy 19560:Sudarshana Chakra 19365:Shrivatsa Goswami 19255:Pillai Lokacharya 19174:Brahma Sampradaya 18800: 18799: 18770: 18769: 18761:Tulasi Vrindavana 18012: 18011: 17974:Panchayatana puja 17682: 17681: 17534:Pratītyasamutpāda 16695: 16694: 16476:Indian philosophy 16429: 16428: 16425: 16424: 16388:Modern yoga gurus 16266: 16265: 16045: 16044: 16022:Vasishtha Samhita 15387:978-1-134-09741-8 15356:A History of Yoga 15345:978-0-470-99868-7 15319:978-1-4008-5005-1 15278:978-0-7914-3815-2 15224:978-1-301-19120-8 15172:978-1-5786-3201-5 15122:978-0-19-539534-1 15089:978-81-86336-14-4 15071:Satyananda, Swami 15044:978-0-521-69534-3 14988:978-0-691-01958-1 14973:Radhakrishnan, S. 14965:Indian Philosophy 14955:978-0-231-14485-8 14925:978-0-19-512435-4 14819:978-0-86318-420-8 14790:978-0-241-25304-5 14783:. Penguin Books. 14684:978-81-208-3349-4 14654:, Leiden: Brill, 14595:978-0-19-957139-0 14567:978-9-0042-1214-5 14560:. Leiden: Brill. 14526:978-0-918100-04-7 14507:978-0-7914-3067-5 14465:978-0-385-52134-5 14429:Feuerstein, Georg 14420:978-1-890772-18-5 14407:Feuerstein, Georg 14383:Feuerstein, Georg 14374:978-1-5706-2142-0 14357:Feuerstein, Georg 14348:978-0-691-14203-6 14326:978-0-941532-89-1 14305:978-8-1208-1467-7 14281:978-8-1208-3336-4 14262:978-0-8264-8772-8 14204:Serene Compassion 14176:978-0-415-64887-5 14157:978-8-1208-1706-7 14134:978-0-86547-736-0 13987:New Straits Times 13965:978-0-19-939024-3 13933:. 29 January 2009 13907:. 25 January 2009 13825:978-0-9871718-0-1 13786:on 6 January 2009 13657:978-3-900271-43-5 13475:978-0-19-939024-3 13396:on 8 August 2009. 13190:978-90-04-27128-9 13173:978-1-57863-503-0 13073:978-94-009-2911-1 12990:978-0-486-41792-9 12972:, pp. 43–46. 12873:978-1-134-25056-1 12357:978-0-89381-731-2 12163:978-0-19-934037-8 11960:978-81-88569-02-1 11933:978-81-7010-181-9 11858:978-81-208-0534-7 11680:978-0-415-31414-5 11557:978-0-253-35334-4 11409:978-0-13-092385-1 11346:978-1-59030-800-4 11221:, pp. 16–17. 11189:978-0-7360-7016-4 11120:978-0-8239-3179-8 11019:, pp. 21–22. 11007:, pp. 43–45. 10926:, pp. 31–46. 10892:978-0-19-989182-5 10813:978-0-231-14485-8 10762:978-0-7914-1281-7 10742:978-0-231-14987-7 10715:978-0-231-14485-8 10685:978-81-208-1114-0 10656:978-1-59030-893-6 10627:978-0-14-400068-5 10605:978-0-19-564441-8 10597:978-1-60868-014-6 10580:978-1-58638-068-7 10565:, pp. 10–11. 10499:, pp. 25–26. 10420:Feuerstein, Georg 10334:, pp. 18–19. 10296:, pp. 12–13. 10284:, pp. 28–30. 10256:978-81-260-1194-0 10147:, pp. 31–32. 10132:squatting posture 10056:, pp. 13–15. 10043:978-0-14-190937-0 9993:, p. xxxvii. 9979:978-0-7914-2513-8 9898:978-0-691-14203-6 9844:, pp. 94–95. 9676:, pp. 25–34. 9659:, p. xix-xx. 9539:, pp. 76–77. 9135:, pp. 10–12. 8817:978-1-136-86449-0 8794:, pp. 17–23. 8652:978-0-914955-19-1 8219:Swami Vivekananda 8217:, culminating in 8043:, or God (Shiva). 8023:, p. 2) and 7985:, the primordial 7905:) between asanas. 7851:Thanissaro (1997) 7830:Thanissaro (2006) 7768:(1991), p. 142: " 7606:Region of Brahman 7585:Translation 1 by 7536:found in ancient 7534:Master of Animals 7427:Modern yoga gurus 7278:Arabian Peninsula 6815:Yoga (philosophy) 6233:(1823–1900), and 6203:Swami Vivekananda 6164:Guru Granth Sahib 6054:school practices 5460:eight-limbed yoga 5426:Swami Vivekananda 5334: 5333: 5152:(meditation) and 4761:Anapanasati Sutta 4602:. The 6th-c. BCE 4498:hymn 10.136, the 4109: 4108: 3631:Swami Vivekananda 3470: 3469: 3321:Balinese Hinduism 2820:Markandeya Purana 2057:Satyanatha Tirtha 2012:Raghuttama Tirtha 2002:Raghavendra Swami 1847:Ramdas Kathiababa 928:Sources of dharma 794:Dama (temperance) 789:Sama (equanimity) 155: 84:rendering support 40:Yoga (philosophy) 16:(Redirected from 22877: 22835:Hindu philosophy 22791:Yoga as exercise 22576:Shirley MacLaine 22571:Max Freedom Long 22526:Marilyn Ferguson 22506:Carlos Castaneda 22362:Esalen Institute 22295:New Age movement 22288: 22281: 22274: 22265: 22264: 22251: 22250: 22159:Joseph Goldstein 21770: 21763: 21756: 21747: 21746: 21640: 21639: 21566:Balasana (child) 21509:Simhasana (lion) 21472: 21471: 21414:Bhekasana (frog) 21299: 21224:Yoga as exercise 21180: 21173: 21166: 21157: 21156: 20988:B. K. S. Iyengar 20975:Bikram Choudhury 20852:K. Pattabhi Jois 20839:Vanda Scaravelli 20651:Positioning Yoga 20503:Paddleboard Yoga 20333:Physical culture 20321:Mary Bagot Stack 20276: 20275: 20266: 20173:Competitive yoga 20141:Restorative Yoga 20123:Yoga using props 20075:Teacher training 20025:Meditation seats 19993: 19992: 19982:Yoga as exercise 19975: 19968: 19961: 19952: 19951: 19692:Incense of India 19190:Rudra Sampradaya 19100:Bhagavata Purana 18827: 18820: 18813: 18804: 18803: 18681: 18680: 18569:Pilgrimage sites 18130:Om Namah Shivaya 17979:Prana Pratishtha 17959:Kumbhabhishekham 17808: 17807: 17709: 17702: 17695: 17686: 17685: 17188:Satyakama Jabala 17123:Akshapada Gotama 17073:Gārgī Vāchaknavī 17053:Vāchaspati Misra 16911:Nyayakusumanjali 16845:Bhagavata Purana 16802:Radical Humanism 16774:Shaiva Siddhanta 16543: 16542: 16515:Vedic philosophy 16469: 16462: 16455: 16446: 16445: 16433: 16432: 16277: 16276: 16056: 16055: 16029:Vimanarcanakalpa 15994:Gheranda Samhita 15907:Shaiva Siddhanta 15677:Yoga Yajnavalkya 15607: 15606: 15532: 15525: 15518: 15509: 15508: 15488: 15475: 15472:Yoga in Practice 15457: 15441: 15425: 15415: 15396:Zimmer, Heinrich 15391: 15370: 15349: 15323: 15301: 15298:Yoga in Practice 15295: 15282: 15261: 15239: 15228: 15204: 15195: 15176: 15165:. Weiser Books. 15155: 15134: 15102: 15093: 15081: 15066: 15057: 15048: 15029:Samuel, Geoffrey 15024: 15011:Yoga in Practice 15001: 14992: 14968: 14959: 14938: 14929: 14908: 14890: 14888: 14886: 14868: 14859: 14847: 14823: 14802: 14771:Mallinson, James 14766: 14764: 14762: 14756: 14750:. Archived from 14749: 14743:(28 June 2012). 14741:Mallinson, James 14736: 14729:Mallinson, James 14724: 14722: 14697: 14688: 14664: 14646: 14637: 14626: 14617: 14608: 14599: 14580: 14571: 14550: 14548: 14546: 14530: 14511: 14492: 14490: 14488: 14469: 14448: 14436: 14424: 14402: 14378: 14366: 14352: 14330: 14319:. World Wisdom. 14309: 14284: 14266: 14244: 14225: 14216: 14207: 14198: 14189: 14180: 14161: 14149: 14138: 14126: 14112: 14103: 14101: 14099: 14083: 14057: 14056: 14044: 14038: 14037: 14035: 14033: 14022: 14016: 14015: 14004: 13998: 13997: 13995: 13984: 13976: 13970: 13969: 13949: 13943: 13942: 13940: 13938: 13923: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13912: 13897: 13891: 13890: 13889:on 31 July 2013. 13885:. 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Archived from 13379: 13368: 13367: 13346: 13340: 13337: 13331: 13330: 13304: 13298: 13291: 13285: 13279: 13273: 13266: 13260: 13256: 13250: 13247: 13241: 13238: 13232: 13229: 13223: 13220: 13214: 13211: 13205: 13202: 13193: 13182: 13176: 13165: 13159: 13158: 13139: 13133: 13127: 13121: 13115: 13109: 13102: 13096: 13082: 13076: 13061: 13055: 13048: 13042: 13028: 13022: 13011: 13005: 12999: 12993: 12979: 12973: 12967: 12961: 12948: 12939: 12933: 12927: 12921: 12915: 12909: 12903: 12897: 12888: 12882: 12876: 12861: 12855: 12848: 12842: 12835: 12829: 12824:Analayo (2017), 12822: 12816: 12813: 12807: 12801: 12795: 12794: 12793:on 5 March 2016. 12789:. Archived from 12772: 12766: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12745: 12739: 12738: 12728: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12653: 12647: 12646: 12610: 12604: 12603: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12570: 12564: 12563: 12556: 12550: 12546: 12544: 12536: 12528: 12522: 12521: 12510: 12504: 12503: 12491: 12485: 12484: 12479:. Archived from 12469: 12463: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12438: 12432: 12426: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12407: 12405: 12403: 12386: 12380: 12379: 12368: 12362: 12361: 12340: 12334: 12333: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12292: 12286: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12269: 12257: 12251: 12245: 12239: 12233: 12227: 12226: 12214: 12208: 12202: 12196: 12195: 12181: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12170: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12105: 12093: 12087: 12084: 12078: 12072: 12066: 12065:, pp. 19ff. 12063:De Michelis 2004 12060: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12038: 12032: 12025: 12019: 12018:, pp. 21ff. 12013: 12007: 11998: 11992: 11991: 11971: 11965: 11964: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11917: 11911: 11905: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11875: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11842: 11836: 11830: 11824: 11814: 11808: 11798: 11792: 11782: 11776: 11763: 11757: 11747: 11741: 11738: 11732: 11718: 11712: 11705: 11696: 11693:Yoga in Practice 11689: 11683: 11672: 11666: 11660: 11651: 11645: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11621: 11610: 11607: 11601: 11600: 11592: 11586: 11580: 11574: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11541: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11511: 11508:Worthington 1982 11505: 11499: 11493: 11484: 11478: 11472: 11471:Tattvarthasutra 11469: 11460: 11454: 11448: 11437: 11431: 11420: 11414: 11413: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11375: 11369: 11363: 11357: 11351: 11350: 11330: 11324: 11323: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11288: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11253: 11243: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11216: 11210: 11207: 11201: 11198: 11192: 11181: 11172: 11161: 11155: 11144: 11135: 11132: 11123: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11091: 11085: 11079: 11073: 11067: 11053: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 11002: 10987: 10981: 10975: 10969: 10963: 10957: 10951: 10945: 10939: 10933: 10927: 10921: 10915: 10904: 10895: 10884: 10878: 10869: 10863: 10857: 10848: 10837: 10831: 10828:The Nyâya Sutras 10824: 10818: 10817: 10797: 10791: 10788: 10782: 10771: 10765: 10754: 10748: 10746: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10699: 10690: 10689: 10669: 10658: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10630: 10619: 10608: 10589: 10583: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10551: 10545: 10539: 10533: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10509: 10500: 10494: 10488: 10482: 10473: 10459: 10448: 10441: 10430: 10429: 10416: 10410: 10404: 10398: 10370: 10364: 10358: 10352: 10346: 10335: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10309:. Archived from 10303: 10297: 10291: 10285: 10279: 10273: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10240: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10213: 10207: 10201: 10195: 10189: 10180: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10148: 10142: 10136: 10125: 10119: 10112: 10106: 10102: 10096: 10093:Richard Gombrich 10090: 10084: 10078: 10069: 10063: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9988: 9982: 9965: 9959: 9953: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9926: 9920: 9907: 9901: 9890: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9863: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9839: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9810: 9804: 9798: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9758: 9757: 9749: 9743: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9698: 9692: 9691:, pp. 1–14. 9686: 9677: 9671: 9660: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9626: 9620: 9614: 9608: 9607:, p. 87–90. 9602: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9557: 9551: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9444: 9438: 9429: 9423: 9417: 9411: 9405: 9399: 9393: 9387: 9378: 9372: 9363: 9357: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9309:O'Brien-Kop 2021 9306: 9297: 9291: 9285: 9279: 9273: 9267: 9261: 9255: 9246: 9240: 9225: 9219: 9204: 9203: 9185: 9158:Mallinson, James 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9124: 9123:, pp. 9–10. 9118: 9112: 9106: 9100: 9094: 9088: 9082: 9076: 9070: 9064: 9058: 9052: 9046: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8983: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8952: 8946: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8899: 8893: 8885: 8879: 8878:, p. 16-17. 8873: 8864: 8856: 8850: 8842: 8836: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8801: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8780: 8774: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8736: 8730: 8729:, p. xxxix. 8724: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8683: 8677: 8661: 8655: 8644: 8635: 8629: 8620: 8614: 8601: 8595: 8586: 8580: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8460:, p. 16–17. 8455: 8449: 8448:, p. xxxiv. 8443: 8432: 8426: 8417: 8411: 8402: 8396: 8387: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8291: 8285: 8276: 8270: 8261: 8255: 8239: 8236: 8230: 8214:Bhagavata Purana 8202: 8196: 8171: 8165: 8162: 8156: 8133: 8127: 8114: 8105: 8099: 8088: 8063: 8057: 8050: 8044: 7973:) or isolating ( 7967:), recognizing ( 7943: 7937: 7919: 7906: 7891: 7885: 7843: 7837: 7827: 7779: 7773: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7736: 7730: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7708: 7701: 7695: 7688: 7682: 7671: 7665: 7661: 7655: 7647: 7641: 7638: 7632: 7628: 7622: 7615: 7609: 7573: 7567: 7547: 7541: 7530: 7524: 7517: 7511: 7504: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7473: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7402: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7378:brought yoga to 7330:Sisters in Islam 7254:New Age movement 7172:physical aspects 7122:Georg Feuerstein 7094:Goraksha Samhita 7092:'s 11th-century 7081:Gheranda Samhita 7001:Yoga Yajnavalkya 6973:. It emphasizes 6779:Tantric Buddhism 6658:(divine abodes). 6501:), faith in the 6493:(which includes 6449:Indian religions 6352:Bikram Choudhury 6326:B. K. S. Iyengar 6273:Yoga as exercise 6267:Yoga as exercise 6245:Helena Blavatsky 6225:(1767–1845) and 6099:via the Chinese 5946:Bhagavata Purana 5884:Male and female 5878: 5869: 5759:Tibetan Buddhist 5679:Yoga Yajnavalkya 5663:Gargi Vachaknavi 5655:Yoga Yajnavalkya 5649: 5646:Yoga Yajnavalkya 5616:Yoga Yajnavalkya 5610:Yoga Yajnavalkya 5571:Yoga and Vedanta 5485:(non-stealing), 5422: 5414: 5406: 5277: 5273: 5182:Yoga-Yājñavalkya 5121:(happiness) and 5093:Hindu philosophy 5039:: yoga of action 5022:Song of the Lord 4886:Macedonian texts 4777:Aṅguttara Nikāya 4640: 4504: 4463: 4406:Thomas McEvilley 4342:Richard Gombrich 4326:Hindu philosophy 4293: 4289: 4286: 4159: 4141:Knut A. Jacobsen 4102:14th century CE 4084:11th century CE 4054:Shaiva Siddhanta 4037:Kashmir Shaivism 3996: 3805: 3802: 3698: 3697: 3691: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3653:, author of the 3526: 3525: 3524: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3483: 3462: 3455: 3448: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3392:and Christianity 3362:Pilgrimage sites 3292:Reform movements 3170:Vinayagar Agaval 3121:Five Great Epics 3070:Tamil literature 2969:Sushruta Samhita 2764:Bhavishya Purana 2750:Brahmanda Purana 2701:Bhagavata Purana 2629:Other scriptures 2191:Mahavatar Babaji 1771:Satyakama Jabala 1442:Ganesh Chaturthi 1296:Rites of passage 809:Shraddha (faith) 227:Major traditions 153: 118: 95: 94: 72: 71: 32:Yoga as exercise 21: 22885: 22884: 22880: 22879: 22878: 22876: 22875: 22874: 22810: 22809: 22806: 22801: 22800: 22795: 22729:Indigo children 22704:Earth mysteries 22694:Crystal healing 22659:Age of Aquarius 22654:2012 phenomenon 22640: 22586:Claudio Naranjo 22464: 22413:Integral theory 22381: 22345: 22297: 22292: 22262: 22257: 22239: 22223: 22205: 22189:Thubten Chodron 22179:Sharon Salzberg 22174:Matthieu Ricard 22169:14th Dalai Lama 22125:Open awareness 22119:Thich Nhat Hanh 22104: 21961: 21872:Jain meditation 21847:Dancemeditation 21815: 21779: 21774: 21744: 21735: 21694: 21625: 21621:Virasana (hero) 21606:Navasana (boat) 21549: 21518: 21463: 21392: 21341: 21300: 21291: 21238: 21228:Yoga as therapy 21189: 21184: 21154: 21149: 21093: 20758: 20746: 20711: 20698:Yoga in Britain 20666:The Subtle Body 20614: 20537:Yoga for Health 20518: 20484:Phillip Moffitt 20433: 20385:Science of yoga 20368: 20267: 20254: 20207: 20182: 20161: 20129:Accessible yoga 20109: 20069: 20044:Accompaniments 20010:Standing asanas 19984: 19979: 19949: 19944: 19940:Hinduism portal 19930:Hindu astrology 19910:Hindu cosmology 19870:Indian idealism 19738:Vishishtadvaita 19711: 19665: 19609: 19543: 19497: 19458:Gaudiya Mission 19441: 19420: 19369: 19221: 19144: 19139:Divya Prabandha 19059: 18954: 18858:Svayam Bhagavan 18836: 18831: 18801: 18796: 18766: 18730: 18672: 18646: 18573: 18527: 18457: 18406: 18305: 18139: 18101: 18077:Sandhyavandanam 18030: 18008: 17984:Sandhyavandanam 17927: 17859: 17799: 17718: 17713: 17683: 17678: 17504:Parameshashakti 17212: 17148:Ramana Maharshi 17033:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 17011: 16977:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 16951:Tattvacintāmaṇi 16824:Abhinavabharati 16811: 16780: 16754:Sikh Philosophy 16742:Vishishtadvaita 16691: 16610: 16534: 16478: 16473: 16438: 16430: 16421: 16354: 16333:Yoga as therapy 16299:Standing asanas 16262: 16132: 16094: 16041: 15973:Hatha Ratnavali 15930: 15873: 15795:Viparita Karani 15682: 15641: 15596: 15541: 15536: 15482: 15469: 15466: 15464:Further reading 15461: 15460: 15454:Wayback Machine 15442: 15438: 15428: 15412: 15388: 15367: 15346: 15328:Witzel, Michael 15320: 15293: 15279: 15258: 15225: 15192: 15173: 15152: 15123: 15107:Singleton, Mark 15090: 15079: 15045: 15021: 14989: 14956: 14926: 14906: 14884: 14882: 14844: 14820: 14791: 14775:Singleton, Mark 14760: 14758: 14757:on 16 June 2013 14754: 14747: 14685: 14662: 14596: 14568: 14544: 14542: 14527: 14508: 14486: 14484: 14466: 14441:Flood, Gavin D. 14421: 14399: 14375: 14349: 14327: 14306: 14282: 14263: 14241: 14177: 14158: 14135: 14097: 14095: 14069:Printed sources 14066: 14061: 14060: 14045: 14041: 14031: 14029: 14024: 14023: 14019: 14006: 14005: 14001: 13993: 13982: 13978: 13977: 13973: 13966: 13950: 13946: 13936: 13934: 13925: 13924: 13920: 13910: 13908: 13899: 13898: 13894: 13877: 13876: 13872: 13862: 13860: 13859:on 22 June 2011 13851: 13850: 13846: 13835: 13831: 13817:Wayback Machine 13807: 13803: 13789: 13787: 13778: 13777: 13773: 13767:Wayback Machine 13758:Carl W. Ernst, 13757: 13753: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13734: 13733: 13729: 13697: 13691: 13687: 13683:, pages 135–136 13674: 13670: 13659:, pages 53–90, 13649: 13645: 13637: 13633: 13627:Wayback Machine 13617: 13610: 13601: 13597: 13587: 13585: 13576: 13575: 13571: 13555: 13551: 13544: 13530: 13526: 13516: 13514: 13509: 13508: 13504: 13487: 13483: 13476: 13462: 13458: 13448: 13446: 13436: 13432: 13422: 13420: 13410: 13401: 13380: 13371: 13364: 13347: 13343: 13339:Larson, p. 142. 13338: 13334: 13319: 13305: 13301: 13292: 13288: 13284:, pp. 6–7. 13280: 13276: 13267: 13263: 13257: 13253: 13248: 13244: 13239: 13235: 13230: 13226: 13221: 13217: 13212: 13208: 13203: 13196: 13183: 13179: 13166: 13162: 13140: 13136: 13128: 13124: 13118:Feuerstein 2002 13116: 13112: 13103: 13099: 13095:, pages 105–108 13083: 13079: 13062: 13058: 13049: 13045: 13029: 13025: 13012: 13008: 13000: 12996: 12980: 12976: 12968: 12964: 12959:Wayback Machine 12950:Ruzsa, Ferenc, 12949: 12942: 12934: 12930: 12922: 12918: 12910: 12906: 12898: 12891: 12885:Feuerstein 2002 12883: 12879: 12862: 12858: 12849: 12845: 12836: 12832: 12823: 12819: 12814: 12810: 12804:Feuerstein 2002 12802: 12798: 12773: 12769: 12763:Feuerstein 2002 12761: 12757: 12746: 12742: 12703:(1). CD010671. 12689: 12685: 12654: 12650: 12611: 12607: 12594: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12572: 12571: 12567: 12557: 12548: 12547: 12538: 12537: 12529: 12525: 12512: 12511: 12507: 12492: 12488: 12483:on 9 July 2016. 12477:www.unic.org.in 12471: 12470: 12466: 12458: 12454: 12439: 12435: 12427: 12423: 12415: 12411: 12401: 12399: 12387: 12383: 12370: 12369: 12365: 12358: 12341: 12337: 12327: 12322: 12318: 12308: 12306: 12293: 12289: 12281: 12277: 12267: 12265: 12258: 12254: 12246: 12242: 12234: 12230: 12215: 12211: 12203: 12199: 12182: 12178: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12131: 12127: 12103: 12094: 12090: 12085: 12081: 12073: 12069: 12061: 12057: 12047: 12045: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12026: 12022: 12014: 12010: 11999: 11995: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11961: 11945: 11941: 11934: 11918: 11914: 11908:Feuerstein 1996 11906: 11902: 11894: 11890: 11882: 11878: 11870: 11866: 11859: 11843: 11839: 11831: 11827: 11815: 11811: 11799: 11795: 11783: 11779: 11764: 11760: 11748: 11744: 11739: 11735: 11719: 11715: 11706: 11699: 11690: 11686: 11682:, pages 775–785 11673: 11669: 11661: 11654: 11646: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11613: 11608: 11604: 11593: 11589: 11581: 11577: 11573:, pp. 137. 11569: 11565: 11558: 11542: 11538: 11530: 11526: 11518: 11514: 11506: 11502: 11494: 11487: 11479: 11475: 11470: 11463: 11455: 11451: 11438: 11434: 11421: 11417: 11410: 11394: 11390: 11382: 11378: 11370: 11366: 11358: 11354: 11347: 11331: 11327: 11316: 11312: 11299:. p. 121. 11289: 11285: 11277: 11273: 11266: 11244: 11237: 11229: 11225: 11217: 11213: 11208: 11204: 11199: 11195: 11182: 11175: 11162: 11158: 11145: 11138: 11133: 11126: 11113: 11109: 11101: 11094: 11086: 11082: 11074: 11070: 11064:Wayback Machine 11054: 11047: 11039: 11035: 11027: 11023: 11015: 11011: 11003: 10990: 10982: 10978: 10970: 10966: 10958: 10954: 10946: 10942: 10934: 10930: 10922: 10918: 10905: 10898: 10885: 10881: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10858: 10851: 10838: 10834: 10825: 10821: 10814: 10798: 10794: 10789: 10785: 10772: 10768: 10755: 10751: 10743: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10700: 10693: 10686: 10670: 10661: 10649: 10645: 10637: 10633: 10620: 10611: 10607:, pages 114–122 10590: 10586: 10582:, pages 117–118 10573: 10569: 10561: 10554: 10546: 10542: 10534: 10530: 10522: 10518: 10510: 10503: 10495: 10491: 10483: 10476: 10470:Wayback Machine 10460: 10451: 10442: 10433: 10417: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10397:, pages 309–310 10384: 10381:Wayback Machine 10371: 10367: 10359: 10355: 10347: 10338: 10330: 10326: 10316: 10314: 10305: 10304: 10300: 10292: 10288: 10280: 10276: 10272:, pp. 3–4. 10268: 10264: 10257: 10241: 10237: 10227: 10225: 10214: 10210: 10202: 10198: 10194:, pp. 5–6. 10190: 10183: 10167: 10163: 10155: 10151: 10143: 10139: 10126: 10122: 10113: 10109: 10103: 10099: 10091: 10087: 10079: 10072: 10064: 10060: 10052: 10048: 10036: 10032: 10013: 10009: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9985: 9966: 9962: 9954: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9927: 9923: 9917:Wayback Machine 9908: 9904: 9900:, pages 117–118 9891: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9864: 9860: 9852: 9848: 9840: 9831: 9823: 9819: 9811: 9807: 9799: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9772: 9761: 9750: 9746: 9738: 9734: 9707:Social Research 9699: 9695: 9687: 9680: 9672: 9663: 9655: 9651: 9644: 9627: 9623: 9617:Feuerstein 2001 9615: 9611: 9603: 9599: 9591: 9587: 9579: 9575: 9567: 9560: 9552: 9543: 9535: 9531: 9523: 9519: 9511: 9507: 9468: 9464: 9456: 9447: 9439: 9432: 9428:, pp. 5–7. 9424: 9420: 9412: 9408: 9400: 9396: 9388: 9381: 9373: 9366: 9358: 9351: 9343: 9339: 9331: 9327: 9319: 9315: 9307: 9300: 9292: 9288: 9280: 9276: 9272:, pp. 4–5. 9268: 9264: 9256: 9249: 9241: 9228: 9222:Feuerstein 1998 9220: 9207: 9155: 9151: 9143: 9139: 9131: 9127: 9119: 9115: 9111:, pp. 8–9. 9107: 9103: 9099:, pp. 6–8. 9095: 9091: 9083: 9079: 9071: 9067: 9059: 9055: 9047: 9040: 9032: 9028: 9020: 9016: 9008: 9004: 8996: 8992: 8984: 8977: 8969: 8965: 8953: 8949: 8939: 8935: 8927: 8923: 8915: 8911: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8867: 8857: 8853: 8846:Katha Upanishad 8843: 8839: 8832:Vaisesika sutra 8829: 8825: 8818: 8802: 8798: 8790: 8786: 8781: 8777: 8769: 8765: 8758: 8737: 8733: 8725: 8721: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8690:. Vol. 1. 8684: 8680: 8674:Wayback Machine 8664: 8662: 8658: 8645: 8638: 8630: 8623: 8615: 8604: 8596: 8589: 8581: 8570: 8564:Satyananda 2008 8562: 8558: 8550: 8546: 8538: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8514: 8503: 8495: 8491: 8487:, pp. 1–2. 8483: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8456: 8452: 8444: 8435: 8427: 8420: 8412: 8405: 8397: 8390: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8357: 8349: 8345: 8341:, pp. 1–6. 8337: 8333: 8329:, pp. 1–2. 8325: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8294: 8286: 8279: 8271: 8264: 8256: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8233: 8203: 8199: 8172: 8168: 8163: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8134: 8130: 8122: 8119:Mallinson (2012 8117: 8115: 8108: 8100: 8091: 8068:Katha Upanishad 8064: 8060: 8051: 8047: 8029:Feuerstein 1998 8007:, p. 4-5, 8005:Feuerstein 1998 7999:, p. 4-5, 7997:Feuerstein 1998 7953:, p. 4-5, 7951:Feuerstein 1998 7944: 7940: 7920: 7913: 7909: 7892: 7888: 7844: 7840: 7780: 7776: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7702: 7698: 7689: 7685: 7672: 7668: 7662: 7658: 7651:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 7648: 7644: 7639: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7616: 7612: 7598: 7584: 7574: 7570: 7548: 7544: 7531: 7527: 7518: 7514: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7491: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7400:Hinduism portal 7398: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7304:Malaysia's top 7262: 7176:spiritual roots 7168: 7162: 7157: 7140:(body energy). 7114: 7057: 7037: 7016: 7010: 6966:, which posits 6964:Advaita Vedanta 6932:Raja Ravi Varma 6925: 6817: 6811: 6575:(awakening) or 6565: 6557:Main articles: 6537: 6505:, austerities ( 6497:), almsgiving ( 6483: 6481:Jain meditation 6477: 6445: 6360:Swami Sivananda 6320:, which led to 6310:Krishnamacharya 6275: 6269: 6183: 6178: 6144: 6109: 6088: 6020: 5963: 5914:Bhakti movement 5910: 5904: 5902:Bhakti movement 5892: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5871: 5870: 5859: 5845:five major vows 5798:Tattvarthasutra 5793: 5787: 5691: 5651: 5642: 5629: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5584:Advaita Vedanta 5573: 5416:) of the mind ( 5363:epistemological 5283:English meaning 5206: 5162: 5111:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 5098:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 5085: 5024:), part of the 4936: 4888: 4874:Yoga Upanishads 4870:spiritual union 4828:innermost being 4816:Katha Upanishad 4808: 4799:Jain meditation 4773:Majjhima Nikāya 4758:sutta) and the 4723:tradition. The 4674:Geoffrey Samuel 4658: 4638: 4626: 4620: 4612:Katha Upanishad 4502: 4461: 4444: 4438: 4430:Harappan script 4422:Geoffrey Samuel 4398: 4381: 4352:Greater Magadha 4314: 4312:Synthesis model 4309: 4291: 4287: 4276: 4225:James Mallinson 4114: 3994: 3975:6th century CE 3971:Haribhadra Suri 3954:4th century CE 3949:Pashupata-sutra 3944:Pancarthabhasya 3934:4th century CE 3911: 3905: 3859:Katha Upanishad 3844:Vaisesika sutra 3794: 3789: 3643: 3520: 3519: 3516:[joːɡɐ] 3511: 3489: 3485: 3466: 3428: 3426: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3370: 3336: 3315: 3307: 3297: 3296: 3259: 3192: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3072: 3040: 2962:Charaka Samhita 2941:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra 2899:Shilpa Shastras 2878: 2831: 2715:Naradiya Purana 2687: 2682: 2657: 2631: 2590: 2454: 2386: 2370: 2339: 2331: 2321: 2320: 2266:Shirdi Sai Baba 2261:Sathya Sai Baba 2241:Ramana Maharshi 2145: 2112:Vadiraja Tirtha 2107:Vācaspati Miśra 1987:Srinivasacharya 1967:Narahari Tirtha 1947:Matsyendranatha 1932:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa 1897:Jagannatha Dasa 1887:Haridasa Thakur 1806: 1685: 1677: 1667: 1666: 1622: 1583:Vishishtadvaita 1532: 1524: 1514: 1513: 1467:Makar Sankranti 1447:Vasant Panchami 1410:Maha Shivaratri 1394: 1298: 1207: 1141: 1110: 991: 982: 974: 973: 938: 832: 769:Prajña (wisdom) 765: 742: 706: 680: 649: 618: 616:Meaning of life 603:God in Hinduism 592: 556: 554:Supreme reality 531:Subtle elements 520: 501: 495: 485: 484: 340: 309: 283: 275: 265: 264: 261: 228: 222: 212: 211: 156: 151:Hindu synthesis 147: 142: 93: 92: 91: 82:Without proper 73: 69: 47: 36:Yoga as therapy 28: 23: 22: 18:History of yoga 15: 12: 11: 5: 22883: 22873: 22872: 22867: 22862: 22857: 22852: 22847: 22842: 22837: 22832: 22827: 22822: 22803: 22802: 22797: 22796: 22794: 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22748: 22747: 22746: 22736: 22731: 22726: 22721: 22716: 22711: 22706: 22701: 22696: 22691: 22686: 22681: 22676: 22671: 22666: 22661: 22656: 22650: 22648: 22642: 22641: 22639: 22638: 22633: 22628: 22623: 22618: 22613: 22611:David Spangler 22608: 22603: 22598: 22596:James Redfield 22593: 22588: 22583: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22558: 22556:Michael Harner 22553: 22548: 22543: 22538: 22533: 22528: 22523: 22521:Benjamin Creme 22518: 22513: 22508: 22503: 22498: 22493: 22488: 22483: 22478: 22476:José Argüelles 22472: 22470: 22466: 22465: 22463: 22462: 22457: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22432: 22427: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22389: 22387: 22383: 22382: 22380: 22379: 22374: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22353: 22351: 22347: 22346: 22344: 22343: 22338: 22337: 22336: 22331: 22326: 22321: 22311: 22305: 22303: 22299: 22298: 22291: 22290: 22283: 22276: 22268: 22259: 22258: 22256: 22255: 22244: 22241: 22240: 22238: 22237: 22231: 22229: 22225: 22224: 22222: 22221: 22213: 22211: 22207: 22206: 22204: 22203: 22202: 22201: 22196: 22191: 22186: 22184:Daniel Goleman 22181: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22161: 22156: 22151: 22146: 22138: 22137: 22136: 22131: 22129:Jon Kabat-Zinn 22123: 22122: 22121: 22112: 22110: 22106: 22105: 22103: 22102: 22097: 22092: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22072: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22037: 22036: 22035: 22025: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21980: 21975: 21969: 21967: 21963: 21962: 21960: 21959: 21954: 21946: 21941: 21936: 21931: 21926: 21921: 21916: 21911: 21906: 21901: 21894: 21889: 21884: 21879: 21874: 21869: 21864: 21859: 21854: 21849: 21844: 21839: 21834: 21829: 21823: 21821: 21817: 21816: 21814: 21813: 21808: 21803: 21798: 21793: 21787: 21785: 21781: 21780: 21773: 21772: 21765: 21758: 21750: 21741: 21740: 21737: 21736: 21734: 21733: 21728: 21723: 21718: 21713: 21708: 21702: 21700: 21696: 21695: 21693: 21692: 21687: 21682: 21677: 21672: 21667: 21662: 21657: 21652: 21646: 21644: 21637: 21631: 21630: 21627: 21626: 21624: 21623: 21618: 21613: 21608: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21588: 21583: 21578: 21573: 21568: 21563: 21557: 21555: 21551: 21550: 21548: 21547: 21542: 21537: 21532: 21526: 21524: 21520: 21519: 21517: 21516: 21511: 21506: 21501: 21496: 21491: 21486: 21480: 21478: 21469: 21465: 21464: 21462: 21461: 21456: 21451: 21446: 21441: 21436: 21431: 21426: 21421: 21416: 21411: 21406: 21400: 21398: 21394: 21393: 21391: 21390: 21385: 21380: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21355: 21349: 21347: 21343: 21342: 21340: 21339: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21314: 21308: 21306: 21302: 21301: 21294: 21292: 21290: 21289: 21284: 21279: 21274: 21269: 21264: 21259: 21254: 21248: 21246: 21240: 21239: 21216:Sun Salutation 21194: 21191: 21190: 21183: 21182: 21175: 21168: 21160: 21151: 21150: 21148: 21147: 21142: 21137: 21132: 21127: 21122: 21117: 21112: 21107: 21101: 21099: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21091: 21085: 21084: 21083: 21072: 21071: 21070: 21065: 21054: 21053: 21052: 21045:Jivamukti Yoga 21041: 21035: 21034: 21033: 21028: 21023: 21012: 21006: 21005: 21004: 20997: 20990: 20979: 20978: 20977: 20966: 20965: 20964: 20953: 20952: 20951: 20946: 20935: 20934: 20933: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20909: 20908: 20907: 20896: 20895: 20894: 20887: 20880:Sivananda Yoga 20876: 20875: 20874: 20869: 20867:Kino MacGregor 20864: 20859: 20854: 20843: 20842: 20841: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20821: 20816: 20813:Yoga Makaranda 20809: 20798: 20797: 20796: 20785: 20784: 20783: 20781:Hansa Yogendra 20778: 20766: 20764: 20752: 20751: 20748: 20747: 20745: 20744: 20736: 20728: 20719: 20717: 20713: 20712: 20710: 20709: 20701: 20693: 20685: 20677: 20669: 20662: 20654: 20646: 20639: 20631: 20622: 20620: 20616: 20615: 20613: 20612: 20611: 20610: 20601: 20600: 20599: 20597:Rachel Brathen 20588: 20583: 20578: 20573: 20568: 20563: 20562: 20561: 20550: 20549: 20548: 20540: 20526: 20524: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20516: 20511: 20505: 20499: 20494: 20488: 20487: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20474:Jon Kabat-Zinn 20471: 20466: 20461: 20450: 20443: 20441: 20435: 20434: 20432: 20431: 20426: 20425: 20424: 20414: 20409: 20407:In advertising 20404: 20399: 20398: 20397: 20395:Matthew Remski 20387: 20382: 20376: 20374: 20370: 20369: 20367: 20366: 20365: 20364: 20352: 20351: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20330: 20329: 20328: 20323: 20318: 20308: 20306:Pierre Bernard 20303: 20302: 20301: 20293: 20282: 20280: 20273: 20269: 20268: 20261: 20259: 20256: 20255: 20253: 20252: 20251: 20250: 20240: 20239: 20238: 20233: 20223: 20217: 20215: 20209: 20208: 20206: 20205: 20198: 20190: 20188: 20184: 20183: 20181: 20180: 20175: 20169: 20167: 20163: 20162: 20160: 20159: 20154: 20149: 20143: 20137: 20131: 20125: 20119: 20117: 20111: 20110: 20108: 20107: 20106: 20105: 20100: 20099: 20098: 20088: 20079: 20077: 20071: 20070: 20068: 20067: 20066: 20065: 20063:Hasta Vinyasas 20060: 20055: 20050: 20042: 20037: 20032: 20030:Sun Salutation 20027: 20022: 20020:Lotus position 20017: 20012: 20007: 20005:List of asanas 20001: 19999: 19990: 19986: 19985: 19978: 19977: 19970: 19963: 19955: 19946: 19945: 19943: 19942: 19937: 19932: 19927: 19925:Hindu calendar 19922: 19917: 19912: 19907: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19877: 19872: 19867: 19862: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19842: 19837: 19832: 19827: 19822: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19751: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19735: 19730: 19719: 19717: 19713: 19712: 19710: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19694: 19689: 19684: 19679: 19673: 19671: 19667: 19666: 19664: 19663: 19658: 19653: 19648: 19643: 19638: 19633: 19628: 19623: 19617: 19615: 19611: 19610: 19608: 19607: 19602: 19597: 19592: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19572: 19567: 19562: 19557: 19551: 19549: 19545: 19544: 19542: 19541: 19536: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19516: 19511: 19505: 19503: 19499: 19498: 19496: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19449: 19447: 19443: 19442: 19440: 19439: 19434: 19428: 19426: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19418: 19413: 19408: 19403: 19398: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19377: 19375: 19374:Famous bhaktas 19371: 19370: 19368: 19367: 19362: 19357: 19352: 19347: 19342: 19337: 19332: 19327: 19322: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19287: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19260:Vedanta Desika 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19231: 19229: 19223: 19222: 19220: 19219: 19218: 19217: 19203: 19202: 19201: 19187: 19186: 19185: 19171: 19170: 19169: 19158:Sri Sampradaya 19154: 19152: 19146: 19145: 19143: 19142: 19135: 19128: 19121: 19120: 19119: 19105: 19104: 19103: 19096: 19082: 19075: 19067: 19065: 19061: 19060: 19058: 19057: 19052: 19047: 19042: 19037: 19032: 19027: 19026: 19025: 19020: 19015: 19010: 19005: 19000: 18995: 18990: 18985: 18980: 18975: 18964: 18962: 18956: 18955: 18953: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18901: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18875: 18870: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18844: 18842: 18838: 18837: 18830: 18829: 18822: 18815: 18807: 18798: 18797: 18795: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18778: 18776: 18772: 18771: 18768: 18767: 18765: 18764: 18754: 18749: 18744: 18738: 18736: 18732: 18731: 18729: 18728: 18723: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18687: 18685: 18678: 18674: 18673: 18671: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18654: 18652: 18651:Sacred animals 18648: 18647: 18645: 18644: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18592: 18587: 18581: 18579: 18575: 18574: 18572: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18544:Dhvajastambham 18541: 18535: 18533: 18529: 18528: 18526: 18525: 18518: 18513: 18508: 18503: 18501:Pillaiyar Suḻi 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18467: 18465: 18459: 18458: 18456: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18414: 18412: 18408: 18407: 18405: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18364: 18359: 18354: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18324: 18319: 18313: 18311: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18303: 18298: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18158: 18153: 18147: 18145: 18141: 18140: 18138: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18115:Gayatri Mantra 18111: 18109: 18103: 18102: 18100: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18033: 18031: 18029: 18028: 18023: 18017: 18014: 18013: 18010: 18009: 18007: 18006: 18001: 17996: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17946: 17941: 17935: 17933: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17869: 17867: 17861: 17860: 17858: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17816: 17814: 17805: 17801: 17800: 17798: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17726: 17724: 17720: 17719: 17712: 17711: 17704: 17697: 17689: 17680: 17679: 17677: 17676: 17671: 17666: 17661: 17656: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17591: 17586: 17581: 17579:Shabda Brahman 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17529:Pratibimbavada 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17411: 17406: 17401: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17241: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17220: 17218: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17210: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17168:Vedanta Desika 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17063:Gautama Buddha 17060: 17058:Uddalaka Aruni 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17019: 17017: 17013: 17012: 17010: 17009: 17004: 16997: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16973: 16972: 16971: 16961: 16954: 16947: 16945:Tarka-Sangraha 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16920: 16913: 16908: 16903: 16902: 16901: 16896: 16888:Mimamsa Sutras 16884: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16860: 16858:Buddhist texts 16855: 16848: 16841: 16834: 16827: 16819: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16788: 16786: 16782: 16781: 16779: 16778: 16777: 16776: 16771: 16766: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16745: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16703: 16701: 16697: 16696: 16693: 16692: 16690: 16689: 16688: 16687: 16682: 16677: 16672: 16667: 16653: 16652: 16651: 16646: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16620: 16618: 16612: 16611: 16609: 16608: 16603: 16602: 16601: 16596: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16551: 16549: 16540: 16536: 16535: 16533: 16532: 16527: 16522: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16486: 16484: 16480: 16479: 16472: 16471: 16464: 16457: 16449: 16443: 16440: 16439: 16427: 16426: 16423: 16422: 16420: 16419: 16418: 16417: 16410: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16374: 16373: 16362: 16360: 16356: 16355: 16353: 16352: 16345: 16340: 16338:Yoga for women 16335: 16330: 16329: 16328: 16326:Hasta Vinyasas 16318: 16316:Sun Salutation 16313: 16308: 16307: 16306: 16304:List of asanas 16301: 16296: 16285: 16283: 16274: 16268: 16267: 16264: 16263: 16261: 16260: 16259: 16258: 16250: 16249: 16248: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16181: 16176: 16168: 16167: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16142: 16140: 16134: 16133: 16131: 16130: 16129: 16128: 16123: 16115: 16114: 16113: 16104: 16102: 16096: 16095: 16093: 16092: 16085: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16064: 16062: 16053: 16047: 16046: 16043: 16042: 16040: 16039: 16032: 16025: 16018: 16015:Sritattvanidhi 16011: 16004: 16001:Joga Pradipika 15997: 15990: 15983: 15976: 15969: 15962: 15955: 15948: 15940: 15938: 15932: 15931: 15929: 15928: 15923: 15922: 15921: 15911: 15910: 15909: 15904: 15894: 15889: 15883: 15881: 15875: 15874: 15872: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15860: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15804: 15803: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15777: 15776: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15750: 15745: 15744: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15717: 15716: 15714:Lotus position 15706: 15701: 15690: 15688: 15684: 15683: 15681: 15680: 15673: 15666: 15659: 15651: 15649: 15643: 15642: 15640: 15639: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15615: 15613: 15604: 15598: 15597: 15595: 15594: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15551: 15549: 15543: 15542: 15535: 15534: 15527: 15520: 15512: 15506: 15505: 15503:Yoga Wikibooks 15500: 15481: 15480:External links 15478: 15477: 15476: 15465: 15462: 15459: 15458: 15435: 15434: 15433: 15432: 15427: 15426: 15417: 15410: 15392: 15386: 15371: 15365: 15350: 15344: 15324: 15318: 15302: 15283: 15277: 15271:. SUNY Press. 15262: 15256: 15240: 15230: 15229: 15223: 15205: 15196: 15190: 15177: 15171: 15156: 15150: 15135: 15121: 15103: 15094: 15088: 15067: 15058: 15049: 15043: 15025: 15020:978-0691140865 15019: 15002: 14993: 14987: 14969: 14960: 14954: 14939: 14930: 14924: 14909: 14905:978-0195124354 14904: 14891: 14869: 14860: 14849: 14842: 14824: 14818: 14803: 14789: 14767: 14737: 14725: 14698: 14689: 14683: 14665: 14661:978-9004212145 14660: 14647: 14638: 14627: 14618: 14609: 14600: 14594: 14581: 14572: 14566: 14551: 14541:. 20 June 2019 14531: 14525: 14512: 14506: 14493: 14483:on 1 July 2016 14470: 14464: 14449: 14437: 14425: 14419: 14413:. Hohm Press. 14403: 14397: 14391:. Hohm Press. 14379: 14373: 14353: 14347: 14335:Eliade, Mircea 14331: 14325: 14310: 14304: 14285: 14280: 14267: 14261: 14245: 14239: 14226: 14217: 14208: 14199: 14190: 14181: 14175: 14162: 14156: 14139: 14133: 14113: 14104: 14094:. 22 June 2017 14084: 14072: 14071: 14070: 14065: 14062: 14059: 14058: 14039: 14017: 14014:. 17 May 2014. 13999: 13971: 13964: 13944: 13918: 13892: 13870: 13844: 13829: 13801: 13771: 13751: 13727: 13685: 13681:978-8124100356 13668: 13643: 13631: 13608: 13595: 13569: 13549: 13542: 13524: 13502: 13481: 13474: 13456: 13430: 13399: 13369: 13363:978-0143422235 13362: 13341: 13332: 13317: 13299: 13286: 13274: 13261: 13251: 13242: 13233: 13224: 13215: 13206: 13194: 13177: 13160: 13143:Rosen, Richard 13134: 13122: 13120:, p. 401. 13110: 13097: 13093:978-0824802714 13077: 13056: 13043: 13023: 13006: 12994: 12974: 12962: 12940: 12938:, p. 320. 12928: 12924:Hari Dass 1978 12916: 12914:, p. 770. 12912:Mallinson 2011 12904: 12902:, p. xvi. 12889: 12877: 12856: 12843: 12830: 12817: 12808: 12796: 12767: 12755: 12740: 12683: 12648: 12605: 12587: 12565: 12523: 12505: 12486: 12464: 12460:Singleton 2010 12452: 12433: 12431:, p. 152. 12429:Singleton 2010 12421: 12417:Singleton 2010 12409: 12381: 12363: 12356: 12335: 12316: 12297:"The New Yoga" 12287: 12275: 12252: 12248:Singleton 2010 12240: 12236:Singleton 2010 12228: 12209: 12205:Singleton 2010 12197: 12191:Indian Express 12176: 12162: 12125: 12088: 12079: 12067: 12055: 12042:"Fear of Yoga" 12033: 12020: 12008: 11993: 11986: 11966: 11959: 11939: 11932: 11912: 11900: 11898:, p. 140. 11888: 11884:Mallinson 2012 11876: 11872:Mallinson 2012 11864: 11857: 11837: 11825: 11809: 11793: 11777: 11758: 11742: 11733: 11713: 11697: 11684: 11667: 11652: 11640: 11628: 11611: 11602: 11587: 11575: 11563: 11556: 11536: 11524: 11522:, p. 313. 11512: 11500: 11485: 11473: 11461: 11449: 11432: 11415: 11408: 11388: 11376: 11364: 11362:, p. 479. 11352: 11345: 11325: 11310: 11283: 11281:, p. 478. 11271: 11264: 11235: 11233:, p. 238. 11223: 11211: 11202: 11193: 11173: 11169:978-8171566785 11156: 11152:978-8126909025 11136: 11124: 11107: 11092: 11090:, p. 457. 11080: 11068: 11045: 11043:, p. 115. 11033: 11021: 11009: 10988: 10976: 10964: 10962:, p. 104. 10952: 10950:, p. 344. 10940: 10938:, p. 453. 10928: 10916: 10912:978-8120832329 10896: 10879: 10864: 10849: 10845:978-8120803091 10832: 10819: 10812: 10792: 10783: 10779:978-1898723943 10766: 10749: 10741: 10721: 10714: 10691: 10684: 10659: 10643: 10631: 10609: 10584: 10567: 10552: 10540: 10528: 10516: 10501: 10489: 10474: 10449: 10431: 10411: 10407:Singleton 2010 10399: 10395:978-8120814677 10365: 10353: 10336: 10324: 10298: 10286: 10274: 10262: 10255: 10235: 10208: 10196: 10181: 10177:978-8120816435 10161: 10157:Singleton 2010 10149: 10137: 10128:Mallinson 2012 10120: 10107: 10097: 10085: 10070: 10068:, p. 131. 10058: 10046: 10030: 10007: 9995: 9983: 9973:. SUNY Press. 9960: 9945: 9933: 9931:, p. xii. 9921: 9902: 9882: 9870: 9858: 9846: 9829: 9817: 9815:, p. 427. 9805: 9790: 9778: 9759: 9744: 9732: 9713:(2): 485–508. 9693: 9678: 9674:Singleton 2010 9661: 9649: 9642: 9621: 9609: 9597: 9585: 9573: 9571:, p. 233. 9558: 9556:, p. xxi. 9541: 9529: 9517: 9505: 9478:(spring): 51. 9462: 9445: 9430: 9418: 9406: 9404:, p. 217. 9394: 9379: 9364: 9349: 9337: 9335:, p. 1-6. 9325: 9323:, p. 520. 9313: 9298: 9294:Nicholson 2010 9286: 9282:Rambachan 1994 9274: 9262: 9247: 9226: 9224:, p. 4-5. 9205: 9149: 9137: 9125: 9113: 9101: 9089: 9077: 9065: 9053: 9038: 9026: 9024:, p. 243. 9014: 9002: 8990: 8975: 8963: 8947: 8933: 8931:, p. 241. 8921: 8909: 8905:(Sravakabhumi) 8894: 8880: 8876:Desmarais 2008 8865: 8851: 8837: 8823: 8816: 8796: 8784: 8775: 8763: 8756: 8731: 8719: 8707: 8700: 8678: 8656: 8636: 8621: 8602: 8587: 8585:, p. 511. 8568: 8556: 8544: 8532: 8520: 8501: 8489: 8474: 8462: 8458:Desmarais 2008 8450: 8433: 8418: 8403: 8388: 8386:, p. 556. 8376: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8327:Sarbacker 2005 8319: 8307: 8292: 8277: 8262: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8240: 8231: 8197: 8166: 8157: 8128: 8106: 8089: 8073:Singleton 2010 8058: 8045: 7938: 7928:) of teacher ( 7910: 7908: 7907: 7886: 7884: 7883: 7838: 7774: 7744: 7731: 7718: 7709: 7696: 7683: 7666: 7656: 7642: 7633: 7623: 7619:oral tradition 7610: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7553: 7542: 7525: 7512: 7499: 7489: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7437:Sun Salutation 7434: 7429: 7424: 7422:List of asanas 7418: 7417: 7403: 7387: 7384: 7368:Ali Bardakoğlu 7261: 7258: 7250:fundamentalist 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7118:kundalini yoga 7113: 7110: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7069: 7053:Main article: 7044:Viparītakaraṇī 7036: 7033: 7012:Main article: 7009: 7006: 6924: 6921: 6813:Main article: 6810: 6809:Classical yoga 6807: 6680:right exertion 6668: 6667: 6659: 6650: 6643: 6635: 6625: 6612:early Buddhism 6589:Buddhist texts 6544:Gautama Buddha 6536: 6533: 6479:Main article: 6476: 6473: 6465:kundalini yoga 6444: 6441: 6405:lotus position 6384:Joga Pradipika 6368:Sivananda yoga 6306:Sun Salutation 6271:Main article: 6268: 6265: 6253:transformation 6197:published his 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176:Modern revival 6174: 6143: 6140: 6108: 6105: 6087: 6084: 6039:Hevajra Tantra 6019: 6016: 6004:Southeast Asia 5962: 5959: 5906:Main article: 5903: 5900: 5883: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5789:Main article: 5786: 5783: 5690: 5687: 5671:Yoga Kundalini 5619: 5614:Main article: 5611: 5608: 5572: 5569: 5561: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5526: 5520: 5494: 5445:Baba Hari Dass 5371:nirodhasamadhi 5332: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5280:Pada (Chapter) 5205: 5200: 5161: 5158: 5084: 5081: 5053: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5003:narrating the 4935: 4926: 4887: 4884: 4807: 4804: 4664:Bas-relief in 4657: 4654: 4622:Main article: 4619: 4616: 4465:Nasadiya Sukta 4437: 4434: 4414:Mulabandhasana 4410:Pashupati seal 4397: 4394: 4380: 4377: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4275: 4272: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4201: 4192: 4169: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4151: 4148: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4089: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4057: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4029: 4028: 4021: 4018: 4005: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3984: 3983: 3976: 3973: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3921:(Sravakabhumi) 3914: 3913: 3906:1.3. Then the 3898: 3895: 3887: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3839: 3838: 3833:(breath), the 3827: 3824: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3661:lotus position 3642: 3639: 3531:, mental, and 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3457: 3450: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3398: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3265:Discrimination 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3156:Abirami Antati 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3103: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3041: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3014: 3007: 3004:Ramcharitmanas 3000: 2993: 2986: 2979: 2972: 2965: 2958: 2955:Pramana Sutras 2951: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2927:Mimamsa Sutras 2923: 2920:Samkhya Sutras 2916: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2885:Dharma Shastra 2880: 2879: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2802: 2795: 2788: 2781: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2725: 2718: 2711: 2704: 2697: 2689: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2560: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2545: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2519:Shvetashvatara 2515: 2508: 2501: 2494: 2491:Brihadaranyaka 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2410: 2403: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2301:Upasni Maharaj 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2127:Vedanta Desika 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2047:Samarth Ramdas 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1997:Purandara Dasa 1994: 1989: 1984: 1982:Nimbarkacharya 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1902:Jayanta Bhatta 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1586: 1579: 1572: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1437:Raksha Bandhan 1434: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1319:Simantonnayana 1316: 1311: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1268:Carnatic music 1265: 1260: 1255: 1253:Bhagavata Mela 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1197:Kundalini yoga 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 993: 992: 986: 983: 980: 979: 976: 975: 972: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 940: 939: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 834: 833: 830: 827: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 760: 755: 750: 744: 743: 740: 737: 736: 731: 726: 721: 715: 714: 708: 707: 702: 699: 698: 693: 688: 682: 681: 676: 673: 672: 667: 662: 657: 651: 650: 647:Stages of life 645: 642: 641: 636: 631: 626: 620: 619: 614: 611: 610: 608:God and gender 605: 600: 594: 593: 590: 587: 586: 581: 576: 575: 574: 569: 558: 557: 552: 549: 548: 543: 541:Gross elements 538: 533: 528: 522: 521: 518: 515: 514: 509: 503: 502: 499: 496: 491: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 416: 415: 409: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 352: 351: 342: 341: 331: 328: 327: 322: 317: 311: 310: 305: 302: 301: 296: 291: 285: 284: 279: 276: 271: 270: 267: 266: 263: 262: 255: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 229: 226: 223: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 204: 199: 197:Itihasa-Purana 188: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 134: 133: 128: 120: 119: 111: 110: 104: 103: 86:, you may see 74: 67: 66: 65: 61:lotus position 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22882: 22871: 22868: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22853: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22831: 22828: 22826: 22823: 22821: 22818: 22817: 22815: 22808: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22745: 22742: 22741: 22740: 22737: 22735: 22732: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22720: 22717: 22715: 22712: 22710: 22707: 22705: 22702: 22700: 22699:Earth Changes 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22680: 22677: 22675: 22672: 22670: 22667: 22665: 22662: 22660: 22657: 22655: 22652: 22651: 22649: 22647: 22643: 22637: 22634: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22617: 22616:Eckhart Tolle 22614: 22612: 22609: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22561:Andrew Harvey 22559: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22546:Linda Goodman 22544: 22542: 22541:Shakti Gawain 22539: 22537: 22534: 22532: 22529: 22527: 22524: 22522: 22519: 22517: 22514: 22512: 22511:Deepak Chopra 22509: 22507: 22504: 22502: 22499: 22497: 22494: 22492: 22489: 22487: 22486:James Brennan 22484: 22482: 22479: 22477: 22474: 22473: 22471: 22467: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22425: 22424:Seth Material 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22390: 22388: 22384: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22354: 22352: 22348: 22342: 22339: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22320: 22317: 22316: 22315: 22314:New-age music 22312: 22310: 22307: 22306: 22304: 22300: 22296: 22289: 22284: 22282: 22277: 22275: 22270: 22269: 22266: 22254: 22246: 22245: 22242: 22236: 22233: 22232: 22230: 22226: 22220: 22219: 22215: 22214: 22212: 22208: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22162: 22160: 22157: 22155: 22152: 22150: 22147: 22145: 22142: 22141: 22139: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22126: 22124: 22120: 22117: 22116: 22114: 22113: 22111: 22107: 22101: 22100:Visualization 22098: 22096: 22093: 22091: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22073: 22071: 22068: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22038: 22034: 22031: 22030: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21993:Concentration 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21970: 21968: 21964: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21951: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21937: 21935: 21932: 21930: 21927: 21925: 21922: 21920: 21917: 21915: 21912: 21910: 21907: 21905: 21902: 21900: 21899: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21883: 21880: 21878: 21875: 21873: 21870: 21868: 21865: 21863: 21860: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21838: 21835: 21833: 21830: 21828: 21825: 21824: 21822: 21818: 21812: 21809: 21807: 21804: 21802: 21799: 21797: 21794: 21792: 21789: 21788: 21786: 21782: 21778: 21771: 21766: 21764: 21759: 21757: 21752: 21751: 21748: 21732: 21729: 21727: 21724: 21722: 21719: 21717: 21714: 21712: 21709: 21707: 21704: 21703: 21701: 21697: 21691: 21688: 21686: 21683: 21681: 21678: 21676: 21673: 21671: 21668: 21666: 21663: 21661: 21658: 21656: 21653: 21651: 21648: 21647: 21645: 21641: 21638: 21636: 21632: 21622: 21619: 21617: 21614: 21612: 21609: 21607: 21604: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21564: 21562: 21559: 21558: 21556: 21552: 21546: 21543: 21541: 21538: 21536: 21533: 21531: 21528: 21527: 21525: 21521: 21515: 21512: 21510: 21507: 21505: 21502: 21500: 21497: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21485: 21482: 21481: 21479: 21477: 21473: 21470: 21466: 21460: 21457: 21455: 21452: 21450: 21447: 21445: 21442: 21440: 21437: 21435: 21432: 21430: 21427: 21425: 21422: 21420: 21417: 21415: 21412: 21410: 21407: 21405: 21402: 21401: 21399: 21395: 21389: 21386: 21384: 21381: 21379: 21376: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21354: 21351: 21350: 21348: 21344: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21318: 21315: 21313: 21310: 21309: 21307: 21303: 21298: 21288: 21285: 21283: 21280: 21278: 21275: 21273: 21270: 21268: 21265: 21263: 21260: 21258: 21255: 21253: 21250: 21249: 21247: 21245: 21241: 21237: 21233: 21229: 21225: 21221: 21217: 21213: 21209: 21205: 21201: 21197: 21192: 21188: 21181: 21176: 21174: 21169: 21167: 21162: 21161: 21158: 21146: 21143: 21141: 21138: 21136: 21133: 21131: 21128: 21126: 21123: 21121: 21118: 21116: 21113: 21111: 21108: 21106: 21103: 21102: 21100: 21096: 21090: 21086: 21082: 21079: 21078: 21077: 21073: 21069: 21066: 21064: 21061: 21060: 21059: 21055: 21051: 21050:Sharon Gannon 21048: 21047: 21046: 21042: 21040: 21036: 21032: 21029: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21018: 21017: 21013: 21011: 21010:Dharma Mittra 21007: 21003: 21002: 20998: 20996: 20995: 20994:Light on Yoga 20991: 20989: 20986: 20985: 20984: 20980: 20976: 20973: 20972: 20971: 20967: 20963: 20960: 20959: 20958: 20954: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20941: 20940: 20936: 20932: 20929: 20928: 20927: 20926:Integral Yoga 20923: 20919: 20916: 20915: 20914: 20910: 20906: 20903: 20902: 20901: 20897: 20893: 20892: 20888: 20886: 20883: 20882: 20881: 20877: 20873: 20872:Larry Schultz 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20849: 20848: 20844: 20840: 20837: 20835: 20832: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20822: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20814: 20810: 20808: 20805: 20804: 20803: 20799: 20795: 20792: 20791: 20790: 20789:Kaivalyadhama 20786: 20782: 20779: 20777: 20776:Shri Yogendra 20774: 20773: 20772: 20768: 20767: 20765: 20762: 20757: 20753: 20743: 20742: 20737: 20735: 20734: 20733:Enlighten Up! 20729: 20727: 20726: 20721: 20720: 20718: 20714: 20708: 20707: 20702: 20700: 20699: 20694: 20692: 20691: 20690:Roots of Yoga 20686: 20684: 20683: 20678: 20676: 20675: 20670: 20668: 20667: 20663: 20661: 20660: 20655: 20653: 20652: 20647: 20645: 20644: 20640: 20638: 20637: 20632: 20630: 20629: 20624: 20623: 20621: 20617: 20609: 20605: 20604: 20602: 20598: 20594: 20593: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20560: 20556: 20555: 20554: 20551: 20547: 20546: 20541: 20539: 20538: 20533: 20532: 20531: 20528: 20527: 20525: 20521: 20515: 20512: 20510: 20506: 20504: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20489: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20457: 20456: 20455: 20451: 20449: 20445: 20444: 20442: 20440: 20436: 20430: 20427: 20423: 20422:Geeta Iyengar 20420: 20419: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20396: 20393: 20392: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20383: 20381: 20378: 20377: 20375: 20371: 20363: 20362: 20358: 20357: 20356: 20353: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20335: 20334: 20331: 20327: 20324: 20322: 20319: 20317: 20314: 20313: 20312: 20309: 20307: 20304: 20300: 20299: 20294: 20292: 20289: 20288: 20287: 20284: 20283: 20281: 20277: 20274: 20270: 20265: 20249: 20246: 20245: 20244: 20241: 20237: 20236:Hugger Mugger 20234: 20232: 20231:Angela Farmer 20229: 20228: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20218: 20216: 20214: 20210: 20204: 20203: 20199: 20197: 20196: 20195:Asana Journal 20192: 20191: 20189: 20185: 20179: 20176: 20174: 20171: 20170: 20168: 20164: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20144: 20142: 20138: 20136: 20132: 20130: 20126: 20124: 20121: 20120: 20118: 20116: 20112: 20104: 20103:Yoga Alliance 20101: 20097: 20094: 20093: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20083: 20081: 20080: 20078: 20076: 20072: 20064: 20061: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20051: 20049: 20046: 20045: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20036: 20033: 20031: 20028: 20026: 20023: 20021: 20018: 20016: 20013: 20011: 20008: 20006: 20003: 20002: 20000: 19998: 19994: 19991: 19987: 19983: 19976: 19971: 19969: 19964: 19962: 19957: 19956: 19953: 19941: 19938: 19936: 19933: 19931: 19928: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19871: 19868: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19836: 19835:Demigods list 19833: 19831: 19828: 19826: 19823: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19765:Venkateshvara 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19743:Shuddhadvaita 19741: 19739: 19736: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19725: 19724: 19721: 19720: 19718: 19714: 19708: 19705: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19695: 19693: 19690: 19688: 19685: 19683: 19680: 19678: 19675: 19674: 19672: 19668: 19662: 19659: 19657: 19654: 19652: 19649: 19647: 19644: 19642: 19639: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19622: 19619: 19618: 19616: 19612: 19606: 19605:Urdhva Pundra 19603: 19601: 19598: 19596: 19593: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19571: 19568: 19566: 19563: 19561: 19558: 19556: 19553: 19552: 19550: 19546: 19540: 19537: 19535: 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19514:Kshira Sagara 19512: 19510: 19507: 19506: 19504: 19500: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19450: 19448: 19446:Organizations 19444: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19429: 19427: 19423: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19409: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19397: 19394: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19378: 19376: 19372: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19356: 19353: 19351: 19348: 19346: 19343: 19341: 19338: 19336: 19333: 19331: 19328: 19326: 19323: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19288: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19266: 19263: 19261: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19232: 19230: 19228: 19224: 19216: 19212: 19209: 19208: 19207: 19204: 19200: 19196: 19193: 19192: 19191: 19188: 19184: 19180: 19177: 19176: 19175: 19172: 19168: 19164: 19161: 19160: 19159: 19156: 19155: 19153: 19151: 19147: 19141: 19140: 19136: 19134: 19133: 19129: 19127: 19126: 19122: 19118: 19117: 19116:Bhagavad Gita 19113: 19112: 19111: 19110: 19106: 19102: 19101: 19097: 19095: 19094: 19093:Vishnu Purana 19090: 19089: 19088: 19087: 19083: 19081: 19080: 19076: 19074: 19073: 19069: 19068: 19066: 19062: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19040:Nara-Narayana 19038: 19036: 19033: 19031: 19028: 19024: 19021: 19019: 19016: 19014: 19011: 19009: 19006: 19004: 19001: 18999: 18996: 18994: 18991: 18989: 18986: 18984: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18971: 18970: 18969: 18966: 18965: 18963: 18961: 18957: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18889: 18886: 18884: 18881: 18880: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18845: 18843: 18839: 18835: 18828: 18823: 18821: 18816: 18814: 18809: 18808: 18805: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18779: 18777: 18773: 18762: 18758: 18755: 18753: 18750: 18748: 18745: 18743: 18740: 18739: 18737: 18733: 18727: 18726:Sacred groves 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18688: 18686: 18682: 18679: 18677:Sacred plants 18675: 18669: 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18655: 18653: 18649: 18643: 18642: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18582: 18580: 18576: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18536: 18534: 18530: 18524: 18523: 18519: 18517: 18514: 18512: 18509: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18468: 18466: 18464: 18460: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18415: 18413: 18409: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18314: 18312: 18308: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18177: 18174: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18164: 18162: 18159: 18157: 18154: 18152: 18149: 18148: 18146: 18142: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18112: 18110: 18108: 18104: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18047:Brahmamuhurta 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18034: 18032: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18018: 18015: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17997: 17995: 17992: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17936: 17934: 17930: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17918:Putrakameshti 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17870: 17868: 17866: 17862: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17817: 17815: 17813: 17809: 17806: 17802: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17760: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17727: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17710: 17705: 17703: 17698: 17696: 17691: 17690: 17687: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17660: 17657: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17622: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17602: 17600: 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17509:Parinama-vada 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17412: 17410: 17407: 17405: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17395: 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17297: 17295: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17240: 17237: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17215: 17209: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17133:Padmasambhāva 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17038:Maṇḍana Miśra 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17028:Abhinavagupta 17026: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17014: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17002: 17001:Yoga Vasistha 16998: 16996: 16995: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16978: 16974: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16959: 16955: 16953: 16952: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16925: 16921: 16919: 16918: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16894:All 108 texts 16892: 16891: 16890: 16889: 16885: 16883: 16882: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16865: 16864:Dharmashastra 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16853: 16849: 16847: 16846: 16842: 16840: 16839: 16838:Bhagavad Gita 16835: 16833: 16832: 16828: 16826: 16825: 16821: 16820: 16818: 16814: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16792:Integral yoga 16790: 16789: 16787: 16783: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16767: 16765: 16762: 16761: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16737:Shuddhadvaita 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16709: 16708: 16705: 16704: 16702: 16698: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16666: 16663: 16662: 16661: 16657: 16654: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16641: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16621: 16619: 16617: 16613: 16607: 16604: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16550: 16548: 16544: 16541: 16537: 16531: 16528: 16526: 16523: 16521: 16518: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16485: 16481: 16477: 16470: 16465: 16463: 16458: 16456: 16451: 16450: 16447: 16441: 16434: 16416: 16415: 16411: 16409: 16408: 16407:Asana Journal 16404: 16403: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16372: 16369: 16368: 16367: 16364: 16363: 16361: 16357: 16351: 16350: 16349:Light on Yoga 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16327: 16324: 16323: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16291: 16290: 16287: 16286: 16284: 16282: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16269: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16251: 16247: 16244: 16243: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16186: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16169: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16141: 16139: 16135: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16112: 16109: 16108: 16106: 16105: 16103: 16101: 16097: 16091: 16090: 16089:Visuddhimagga 16086: 16084: 16081: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16061: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16048: 16038: 16037: 16033: 16031: 16030: 16026: 16024: 16023: 16019: 16017: 16016: 16012: 16010: 16009: 16008:Shiva Samhita 16005: 16003: 16002: 15998: 15996: 15995: 15991: 15989: 15988: 15984: 15982: 15981: 15977: 15975: 15974: 15970: 15968: 15967: 15963: 15961: 15960: 15959:Bahr al-Hayat 15956: 15954: 15953: 15949: 15947: 15946: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15937: 15933: 15927: 15924: 15920: 15917: 15916: 15915: 15912: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15899: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15884: 15882: 15880: 15876: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15825: 15824: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15782: 15781: 15778: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15755: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15715: 15712: 15711: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15696: 15695: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15685: 15679: 15678: 15674: 15672: 15671: 15670:Yoga Vasistha 15667: 15665: 15664: 15660: 15658: 15657: 15656:Bhagavad Gita 15653: 15652: 15650: 15648: 15644: 15638: 15635: 15634:and sometimes 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15612: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15599: 15593: 15590: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15572: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15552: 15550: 15548: 15544: 15540: 15533: 15528: 15526: 15521: 15519: 15514: 15513: 15510: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15495: 15494: 15493:at Wikiquote 15492: 15487: 15473: 15468: 15467: 15455: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15440: 15436: 15430: 15429: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15411:0-691-01758-1 15407: 15403: 15402: 15397: 15393: 15389: 15383: 15380:. Routledge. 15379: 15378: 15372: 15368: 15366:0-7100-9258-X 15362: 15359:. Routledge. 15358: 15357: 15351: 15347: 15341: 15337: 15333: 15329: 15325: 15321: 15315: 15311: 15307: 15303: 15299: 15292: 15288: 15284: 15280: 15274: 15270: 15269: 15263: 15259: 15257:81-208-1609-9 15253: 15249: 15245: 15244:Werner, Karel 15241: 15237: 15232: 15231: 15226: 15220: 15216: 15215: 15210: 15206: 15202: 15197: 15193: 15191:81-7059-212-7 15187: 15183: 15178: 15174: 15168: 15164: 15163: 15157: 15153: 15151:81-7017-389-2 15147: 15143: 15142: 15136: 15132: 15128: 15124: 15118: 15114: 15113: 15108: 15104: 15100: 15095: 15091: 15085: 15078: 15077: 15072: 15068: 15065:. SUNY Press. 15064: 15059: 15055: 15050: 15046: 15040: 15036: 15035: 15030: 15026: 15022: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15003: 14999: 14994: 14990: 14984: 14981:. Princeton. 14980: 14979: 14974: 14970: 14966: 14961: 14957: 14951: 14947: 14946: 14940: 14936: 14931: 14927: 14921: 14917: 14916: 14910: 14907: 14901: 14897: 14892: 14880: 14879: 14874: 14870: 14866: 14861: 14857: 14856: 14850: 14845: 14843:0-7661-4296-5 14839: 14835: 14834: 14829: 14825: 14821: 14815: 14811: 14810: 14804: 14800: 14796: 14792: 14786: 14782: 14781: 14780:Roots of Yoga 14776: 14772: 14768: 14753: 14746: 14742: 14738: 14734: 14730: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14704: 14699: 14695: 14690: 14686: 14680: 14676: 14675: 14670: 14666: 14663: 14657: 14653: 14648: 14644: 14639: 14635: 14634: 14628: 14624: 14619: 14615: 14610: 14606: 14601: 14597: 14591: 14587: 14582: 14578: 14573: 14569: 14563: 14559: 14558: 14552: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14528: 14522: 14518: 14513: 14509: 14503: 14499: 14494: 14482: 14478: 14477: 14471: 14467: 14461: 14457: 14456: 14450: 14446: 14442: 14438: 14434: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14416: 14412: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14398:0-934252-88-2 14394: 14390: 14389: 14384: 14380: 14376: 14370: 14365: 14364: 14358: 14354: 14350: 14344: 14340: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14322: 14318: 14317: 14311: 14307: 14301: 14297: 14293: 14292: 14286: 14283: 14277: 14273: 14268: 14264: 14258: 14254: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14240:0-918100-20-8 14236: 14232: 14227: 14223: 14218: 14214: 14209: 14205: 14200: 14196: 14191: 14187: 14182: 14178: 14172: 14169:. Routledge. 14168: 14163: 14159: 14153: 14148: 14147: 14140: 14136: 14130: 14125: 14124: 14118: 14117:Bryant, Edwin 14114: 14110: 14105: 14093: 14089: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14074: 14073: 14068: 14067: 14054: 14050: 14043: 14027: 14021: 14013: 14012:The Economist 14009: 14003: 13992: 13988: 13981: 13975: 13967: 13961: 13957: 13956: 13948: 13932: 13928: 13922: 13906: 13902: 13896: 13888: 13884: 13883:Saudi Gazette 13880: 13874: 13858: 13854: 13848: 13842: 13838: 13833: 13826: 13822: 13818: 13814: 13811: 13805: 13798: 13785: 13781: 13775: 13768: 13764: 13761: 13755: 13737: 13731: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13711: 13707: 13703: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13678: 13672: 13666: 13662: 13658: 13654: 13647: 13640: 13635: 13628: 13624: 13621: 13615: 13613: 13605: 13599: 13584:on 2 May 2010 13583: 13579: 13573: 13566: 13565:0-8058-4517-8 13562: 13558: 13553: 13545: 13543:0-7425-3178-3 13539: 13535: 13528: 13512: 13506: 13498: 13497: 13492: 13485: 13477: 13471: 13467: 13460: 13445: 13441: 13434: 13419: 13415: 13408: 13406: 13404: 13395: 13391: 13390: 13385: 13378: 13376: 13374: 13365: 13359: 13355: 13351: 13345: 13336: 13328: 13324: 13320: 13318:9780892813018 13314: 13310: 13303: 13296: 13290: 13283: 13278: 13271: 13265: 13255: 13246: 13237: 13228: 13219: 13210: 13201: 13199: 13191: 13187: 13181: 13174: 13170: 13164: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13138: 13131: 13126: 13119: 13114: 13107: 13101: 13094: 13090: 13086: 13085:Eliot Deutsch 13081: 13074: 13070: 13066: 13060: 13053: 13047: 13041: 13040:0-88706-662-3 13037: 13033: 13027: 13020: 13016: 13010: 13003: 12998: 12992:, pages 56–58 12991: 12987: 12983: 12982:K. T. Behanan 12978: 12971: 12966: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12947: 12945: 12937: 12932: 12925: 12920: 12913: 12908: 12901: 12896: 12894: 12886: 12881: 12874: 12870: 12866: 12860: 12853: 12847: 12840: 12834: 12827: 12821: 12812: 12805: 12800: 12792: 12788: 12784: 12780: 12779: 12771: 12764: 12759: 12751: 12744: 12736: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12698: 12694: 12687: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12652: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12624: 12620: 12616: 12609: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12575: 12569: 12561: 12554: 12542: 12534: 12527: 12519: 12515: 12509: 12501: 12497: 12490: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12468: 12462:, p. 32. 12461: 12456: 12448: 12444: 12437: 12430: 12425: 12418: 12413: 12398: 12397: 12392: 12385: 12377: 12373: 12367: 12359: 12353: 12349: 12345: 12339: 12331: 12325: 12320: 12304: 12303: 12298: 12291: 12284: 12279: 12263: 12256: 12249: 12244: 12237: 12232: 12224: 12220: 12213: 12206: 12201: 12193: 12192: 12187: 12180: 12165: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12136:(July 2016). 12135: 12129: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12109: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12083: 12076: 12071: 12064: 12059: 12043: 12037: 12030: 12024: 12017: 12016:Goldberg 2010 12012: 12005: 12004: 11997: 11989: 11987:9781628738704 11983: 11979: 11978: 11970: 11962: 11956: 11952: 11951: 11943: 11935: 11929: 11925: 11924: 11916: 11909: 11904: 11897: 11892: 11885: 11880: 11873: 11868: 11860: 11854: 11850: 11849: 11841: 11834: 11829: 11823: 11822:0-394-71696-5 11819: 11813: 11807: 11806:1-57062-917-X 11803: 11797: 11791: 11790:1-57062-917-X 11787: 11781: 11775: 11774:1-57062-895-5 11771: 11767: 11762: 11756: 11755:1-55939-308-4 11752: 11746: 11737: 11731: 11730:1-57062-895-5 11727: 11724:. Shambhala. 11723: 11717: 11710: 11704: 11702: 11694: 11688: 11681: 11677: 11671: 11665:, p. 16. 11664: 11659: 11657: 11649: 11644: 11637: 11632: 11625: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11606: 11598: 11591: 11585:, p. 22. 11584: 11583:Jacobsen 2011 11579: 11572: 11567: 11559: 11553: 11549: 11548: 11540: 11533: 11528: 11521: 11516: 11510:, p. 35. 11509: 11504: 11498:, p. 66. 11497: 11496:Zydenbos 2006 11492: 11490: 11482: 11477: 11468: 11466: 11458: 11453: 11446: 11442: 11436: 11429: 11428:0-7007-1186-4 11425: 11419: 11411: 11405: 11401: 11400: 11392: 11385: 11380: 11373: 11368: 11361: 11356: 11348: 11342: 11338: 11337: 11329: 11321: 11314: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11287: 11280: 11275: 11267: 11265:9780812692983 11261: 11257: 11252: 11251: 11242: 11240: 11232: 11227: 11220: 11215: 11206: 11197: 11191:, pages 16–17 11190: 11186: 11180: 11178: 11170: 11166: 11160: 11153: 11149: 11143: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11104: 11099: 11097: 11089: 11084: 11078:, p. 10. 11077: 11072: 11065: 11061: 11058: 11052: 11050: 11042: 11037: 11030: 11025: 11018: 11013: 11006: 11001: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10985: 10980: 10974:, p. 24. 10973: 10968: 10961: 10956: 10949: 10944: 10937: 10932: 10925: 10920: 10914:, pages 38–39 10913: 10909: 10903: 10901: 10893: 10889: 10883: 10876: 10868: 10861: 10856: 10854: 10846: 10842: 10836: 10829: 10823: 10815: 10809: 10805: 10804: 10796: 10787: 10780: 10776: 10770: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10744: 10738: 10734: 10733: 10725: 10717: 10711: 10707: 10706: 10698: 10696: 10687: 10681: 10677: 10676: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10657: 10653: 10647: 10641:, p. 46. 10640: 10639:Jacobsen 2011 10635: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10606: 10602: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10563:Jacobsen 2011 10559: 10557: 10550:, p. 96. 10549: 10544: 10538:, p. 10. 10537: 10536:Jacobsen 2011 10532: 10526:, p. 33. 10525: 10520: 10513: 10512:Jacobsen 2011 10508: 10506: 10498: 10493: 10486: 10481: 10479: 10471: 10467: 10464: 10458: 10456: 10454: 10446: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10427: 10426: 10421: 10415: 10409:, p. 26. 10408: 10403: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10382: 10378: 10375: 10369: 10362: 10357: 10350: 10349:Jacobsen 2011 10345: 10343: 10341: 10333: 10328: 10312: 10308: 10302: 10295: 10294:Olivelle 1998 10290: 10283: 10282:Phillips 2009 10278: 10271: 10266: 10258: 10252: 10248: 10247: 10239: 10223: 10219: 10212: 10205: 10200: 10193: 10188: 10186: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10165: 10158: 10153: 10146: 10141: 10133: 10129: 10124: 10117: 10111: 10101: 10094: 10089: 10082: 10077: 10075: 10067: 10062: 10055: 10050: 10044: 10040: 10034: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10011: 10004: 9999: 9992: 9991:Olivelle 1996 9987: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9964: 9958:, p. 95. 9957: 9952: 9950: 9943:, p. 17. 9942: 9937: 9930: 9925: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9906: 9899: 9895: 9889: 9887: 9879: 9878:Jacobsen 2011 9874: 9867: 9862: 9856:, p. 12. 9855: 9850: 9843: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9827:, p. 13. 9826: 9821: 9814: 9809: 9803:, p. 11. 9802: 9797: 9795: 9788:, p. 50. 9787: 9782: 9775: 9774:Jacobsen 2018 9770: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9755: 9748: 9741: 9736: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9685: 9683: 9675: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9658: 9653: 9645: 9643:81-87594-00-4 9639: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9618: 9613: 9606: 9601: 9594: 9589: 9582: 9577: 9570: 9565: 9563: 9555: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9538: 9533: 9527:, p. 77. 9526: 9521: 9515:, p. 78. 9514: 9509: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9473: 9466: 9459: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9442: 9441:Gombrich 2007 9437: 9435: 9427: 9422: 9415: 9410: 9403: 9398: 9391: 9386: 9384: 9376: 9371: 9369: 9362:, p. 36. 9361: 9356: 9354: 9346: 9341: 9334: 9329: 9322: 9317: 9310: 9305: 9303: 9295: 9290: 9283: 9278: 9271: 9266: 9260:, p. 30. 9259: 9254: 9252: 9244: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9223: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9147:, p. 11. 9146: 9141: 9134: 9129: 9122: 9117: 9110: 9105: 9098: 9093: 9086: 9081: 9074: 9073:Jacobsen 2011 9069: 9062: 9061:Jacobsen 2018 9057: 9050: 9045: 9043: 9035: 9030: 9023: 9018: 9011: 9006: 8999: 8994: 8987: 8982: 8980: 8972: 8967: 8961: 8957: 8951: 8944: 8943: 8937: 8930: 8925: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8904: 8898: 8891: 8890: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8870: 8862: 8861: 8860:Bhagavad Gita 8855: 8848: 8847: 8841: 8834: 8833: 8827: 8819: 8813: 8810:. Routledge. 8809: 8808: 8807:The Upanisads 8800: 8793: 8788: 8779: 8773:, p. 29. 8772: 8767: 8759: 8757:81-87594-00-4 8753: 8750:. p. 1. 8749: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8728: 8723: 8716: 8711: 8703: 8701:81-208-0412-0 8697: 8693: 8689: 8682: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8660: 8653: 8649: 8643: 8641: 8634:, p. 25. 8633: 8628: 8626: 8618: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8599: 8594: 8592: 8584: 8579: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8565: 8560: 8553: 8548: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8524: 8518:, p. 67. 8517: 8512: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8498: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8479: 8471: 8466: 8459: 8454: 8447: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8430: 8425: 8423: 8415: 8410: 8408: 8400: 8399:Ayyangar 1938 8395: 8393: 8385: 8380: 8373: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8352: 8347: 8340: 8335: 8328: 8323: 8317:, p. 68. 8316: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8297: 8289: 8284: 8282: 8274: 8269: 8267: 8259: 8254: 8250: 8235: 8228: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8215: 8210: 8209: 8208:Yoga Vasistha 8201: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8187: 8182: 8181: 8176: 8170: 8161: 8152: 8151:Translation 2 8147: 8146:Translation 1 8142: 8138: 8132: 8125: 8120: 8113: 8111: 8103: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8086: 8085:Olivelle 1998 8082: 8081:Phillips 2009 8078: 8074: 8070: 8069: 8062: 8055: 8049: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8017:Bhagavad Gita 8014: 8011:, p. 3, 8010: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7977: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7957:, p. 3, 7956: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7935: 7932:) and pupil ( 7931: 7927: 7923: 7918: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7900: 7897:, a style of 7896: 7890: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7842: 7835: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7758: 7754: 7753:Enlightenment 7748: 7735: 7728: 7722: 7713: 7707:, p. 43. 7706: 7700: 7693: 7687: 7681:, p. 42. 7680: 7676: 7670: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7637: 7627: 7620: 7614: 7607: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7578: 7572: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7558:Purusha Sukta 7554: 7550: 7549: 7546: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7522: 7521:Hiranyagarbha 7516: 7509: 7503: 7493: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7472: 7468: 7459: 7456: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7415: 7404: 7401: 7390: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7192:Jesus-centric 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7167: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7145:cosmic energy 7141: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7091: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7073:Shiva Samhita 7070: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7005: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6990:Yoga Vasistha 6986: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6968:non-dualistic 6965: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6952:Brahma Sutras 6948: 6944: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6920: 6918: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6821:ashtanga yoga 6816: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6741: 6740:Visuddhimagga 6736: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6655:brahmavihārās 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6633: 6632: 6631:satipatthanas 6626: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6535:Buddhist yoga 6532: 6530: 6529:contemplation 6526: 6522: 6521:reincarnation 6518: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6495:vegetarianism 6492: 6488: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6440: 6437: 6436:low back pain 6433: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6401: 6399: 6394: 6393:Dharma Mittra 6390: 6389:Light on Yoga 6386: 6385: 6375: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6335:Light on Yoga 6331: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6314:Pattabhi Jois 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6298:Shri Yogendra 6294: 6292: 6288: 6279: 6274: 6264: 6262: 6258: 6257:Mircea Eliade 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6237:(1788–1860). 6236: 6232: 6229:(1772–1829), 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6187: 6172: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6122: 6118: 6115:Sculpture of 6113: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6083: 6081: 6080:anuttara yoga 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6024: 6015: 6013: 6010:emerged from 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5953:(separation) 5952: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5938: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5899: 5897: 5887: 5877: 5868: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5795:According to 5792: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5778:Visuddhimagga 5774: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5750: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5699: 5695: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5628: 5624: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5580: 5579: 5568: 5566: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5394:Vyasa Bhashya 5391: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5329: 5326: 5324:Kaivalya Pada 5323: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5195:Visuddhimagga 5191: 5190: 5185: 5183: 5178: 5176: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5131:Brahma Sutras 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5017:Bhagavad Gita 5010: 5006: 5005:Bhagavad Gita 5002: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4982: 4979:and yoga are 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4933:Bhagavad Gita 4930: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4879:Yoga Vasistha 4875: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4842: 4836: 4831: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734:khecarī mudrā 4731: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4714: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4672:According to 4667: 4662: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4643:Bhagavad Gita 4637: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4584:blood vessels 4581: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4426:Wendy Doniger 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4280: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4183: 4182:Bhagavad Gita 4177: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4139:According to 4133: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4118: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3874:Bhagavad Gita 3871: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3811:Approx. Date 3810: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3744:(to yoke) or 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3718:Indo-European 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3669: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3537:ancient India 3534: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3507: 3479: 3475: 3463: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3335:Hindu culture 3333: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3301: 3300: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3287:Organisations 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3011:Yoga Vasistha 3008: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2976:Natya Shastra 2973: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2913:Brahma Sutras 2910: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2859:Sthapatyaveda 2856: 2854: 2853: 2852:Gandharvaveda 2849: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2813:Varaha Purana 2810: 2808: 2807: 2806:Skanda Purana 2803: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2743:Brahma Purana 2740: 2738: 2737: 2736:Garuda Purana 2733: 2731: 2730: 2729:Matsya Purana 2726: 2724: 2723: 2722:Vāmana Purana 2719: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2694:Vishnu Purana 2691: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2638:Bhagavad Gita 2635: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2221:Radhakrishnan 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2201:Narayana Guru 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2181:Jaggi Vasudev 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2171:Chinmayananda 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2032:Ramprasad Sen 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1882:Gorakshanatha 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827:Allama Prabhu 1825: 1823: 1822:Akka Mahadevi 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1812:Abhinavagupta 1810: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1761:Prashastapada 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1621:Other schools 1619: 1618: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1597:Shuddhadvaita 1594: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278:Kalaripayattu 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1213:Bharatanatyam 1211: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1092:Nritta-Nritya 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 989: 985: 984: 978: 977: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 937: 933: 932: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 829: 828: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 739: 738: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 716: 713: 710: 709: 705: 701: 700: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 679: 675: 674: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 648: 644: 643: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 621: 617: 613: 612: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 589: 588: 585: 582: 580: 577: 573: 570: 568: 565: 564: 563: 560: 559: 555: 551: 550: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 517: 516: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 498: 497: 494: 489: 488: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 414: 411: 410: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 350: 348: 344: 343: 339: 335: 330: 329: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 312: 308: 304: 303: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 286: 282: 278: 277: 274: 269: 268: 260: 259: 254: 253: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 225: 224: 221: 216: 215: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 194: 193: 192: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 152: 149: 148: 146: 138: 137: 132: 129: 127: 124: 123: 122: 121: 117: 113: 112: 109: 106: 105: 101: 97: 96: 89: 85: 81: 79: 62: 58: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 22807: 22761:Neoshamanism 22631:Stuart Wilde 22601:Jane Roberts 22516:Paulo Coelho 22496:Eileen Caddy 22491:Rhonda Byrne 22481:Richard Bach 22455:UFO religion 22435:Spirituality 22430:Spiritualism 22422: 22324:Neoclassical 22216: 22164:Yuval Harari 22154:S. N. 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Retrieved 12036: 12028: 12023: 12011: 12003:Yoga Journal 12001: 11996: 11976: 11969: 11949: 11942: 11922: 11915: 11903: 11891: 11879: 11867: 11847: 11840: 11828: 11812: 11796: 11780: 11765: 11761: 11745: 11736: 11721: 11716: 11708: 11692: 11687: 11670: 11643: 11631: 11626:, p. 9. 11605: 11596: 11590: 11578: 11566: 11546: 11539: 11527: 11520:Whicher 1998 11515: 11503: 11476: 11452: 11444: 11440: 11435: 11418: 11398: 11391: 11379: 11367: 11355: 11335: 11328: 11319: 11313: 11297:Yoga Journal 11296: 11286: 11274: 11249: 11226: 11214: 11205: 11196: 11159: 11110: 11105:, p. 5. 11083: 11071: 11036: 11031:, p. 6. 11024: 11012: 10986:, p. x. 10979: 10967: 10955: 10943: 10931: 10919: 10882: 10867: 10835: 10822: 10802: 10795: 10786: 10769: 10752: 10731: 10724: 10704: 10674: 10646: 10634: 10587: 10570: 10543: 10531: 10519: 10514:, p. 9. 10497:Whicher 1998 10492: 10428:(78): 70–75. 10425:Yoga Journal 10423: 10414: 10402: 10387:Paul Deussen 10368: 10363:, p. 4. 10356: 10351:, p. 8. 10332:Whicher 1998 10327: 10315:. 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Retrieved 10221: 10211: 10199: 10179:, pages 1–24 10164: 10159:, Chapter 1. 10152: 10140: 10123: 10115: 10110: 10100: 10088: 10061: 10049: 10033: 10027:(1): 97–128. 10024: 10020: 10010: 9998: 9986: 9968: 9963: 9941:Whicher 1998 9936: 9924: 9905: 9880:, p. 6. 9873: 9861: 9854:Whicher 1998 9849: 9825:Whicher 1998 9820: 9808: 9801:Whicher 1998 9781: 9776:, p. 6. 9753: 9747: 9735: 9710: 9706: 9696: 9652: 9633: 9624: 9612: 9600: 9595:, p. 4. 9593:Crangle 1994 9588: 9576: 9532: 9520: 9508: 9475: 9471: 9465: 9426:Crangle 1994 9421: 9416:, p. 7. 9414:Crangle 1994 9409: 9397: 9377:, p. 5. 9375:Crangle 1994 9345:Crangle 1994 9340: 9333:Crangle 1994 9328: 9321:Buswell 2004 9316: 9311:, p. 1. 9289: 9277: 9265: 9245:, p. 2. 9169: 9165: 9152: 9140: 9128: 9116: 9104: 9092: 9087:, p. 6. 9080: 9075:, p. 4. 9068: 9063:, p. 4. 9056: 9033: 9029: 9017: 9010:Śaradatilaka 9009: 9005: 8997: 8993: 8970: 8966: 8959: 8950: 8942:Linga Purana 8940: 8936: 8924: 8916: 8912: 8901: 8897: 8887: 8883: 8858: 8854: 8844: 8840: 8831: 8826: 8806: 8799: 8787: 8778: 8766: 8743: 8734: 8722: 8717:, p. 5. 8710: 8687: 8681: 8659: 8619:, p. 3. 8566:, p. 1. 8559: 8547: 8535: 8523: 8497:History 2019 8492: 8465: 8453: 8431:, p. 8. 8401:, p. 2. 8384:Deussen 1997 8379: 8351:Crangle 1994 8346: 8339:Crangle 1994 8334: 8322: 8310: 8303:Johnson 2009 8253: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8190: 8184: 8178: 8175:Grimes (1996 8169: 8164:Vivekananda" 8160: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8131: 8124:Burley (2000 8102:Bryant (2009 8066: 8061: 8048: 8036: 8032: 7990: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7946: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7889: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7841: 7822: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7756: 7747: 7734: 7721: 7712: 7699: 7686: 7669: 7659: 7650: 7645: 7636: 7626: 7613: 7605: 7576: 7571: 7556: 7545: 7538:Near Eastern 7528: 7515: 7507: 7502: 7492: 7484: 7476: 7471: 7442:Yoga tourism 7414:India portal 7380:Saudi Arabia 7376:Nouf Marwaai 7357: 7334: 7312:prohibiting 7303: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7230: 7224: 7208:Christianity 7169: 7160:Christianity 7142: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7093: 7090:Gorakshanath 7087: 7079: 7071: 7063: 7058: 7017: 7008:Tantric yoga 6999: 6988: 6987: 6979:Adi Shankara 6961: 6950: 6941: 6935: 6912: 6909:citta vritti 6908: 6904: 6900: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6867: 6864:epistemology 6861: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6769:practice of 6745: 6738: 6732: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6701: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6669: 6661: 6654: 6637: 6630: 6619: 6609: 6604:jhāna/dhyāna 6602: 6596: 6566: 6506: 6503:three jewels 6484: 6446: 6429: 6402: 6388: 6382: 6380: 6333: 6330:Iyengar Yoga 6295: 6290: 6284: 6260: 6243:, including 6241:Theosophists 6239: 6198: 6192: 6169: 6145: 6134: 6130:Vimalaprabha 6128: 6126: 6117:Gorakshanath 6100: 6096: 6091: 6089: 6086:Zen Buddhism 6049: 6042: 6034: 6026: 6021: 5993: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5954: 5950: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5918:personal god 5911: 5893: 5848: 5840: 5820: 5810: 5796: 5794: 5776: 5772:Vimuttimagga 5770: 5762: 5747: 5741: 5718:Gupta period 5703: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5654: 5652: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5621: 5599: 5576: 5574: 5562: 5532: 5487:Brahmacharya 5463: 5457: 5452: 5443: 5438:Edwin Bryant 5433: 5429: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5398:I. 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Taimni 5393: 5389: 5385: 5384:Patanjali's 5383: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5337: 5335: 5313:Vibhuti Pada 5302:Sadhana Pada 5291:Samadhi Pada 5268: 5265:Karel Werner 5250: 5246: 5243:Arthashastra 5234: 5228: 5222: 5202: 5193: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5163: 5141:Nyaya Sutras 5139: 5129: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5096: 5086: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5054: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5004: 4988: 4984: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943:Shanti Parva 4942: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4928: 4907: 4902: 4889: 4877: 4857: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4812:Vedic period 4809: 4797: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4759: 4749: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4701: 4697: 4671: 4649:Shanti Parva 4647: 4641: 4633: 4627: 4607: 4577: 4562:Vedic period 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4491: 4477: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4445: 4442:Vedic period 4402:Karel Werner 4399: 4382: 4379:Linear model 4372: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4345: 4315: 4299: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4240: 4238: 4233: 4230: 4221: 4195: 4186: 4180: 4170: 4154: 4138: 4119: 4115: 4092: 4072:Śaradatilaka 4071: 4063: 4049: 4032: 4024: 4016:Adi Shankara 4008: 4003:." (I.8.5a) 3989:Linga Purana 3987: 3979: 3962: 3947: 3943: 3942:Kaundinya's 3917: 3901: 3890: 3883: 3872: 3857: 3843: 3820: 3808:Source Text 3797: 3795: 3783: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3754:yuj samādhau 3753: 3749: 3746:yuj samādhau 3745: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3722:Mikel Burley 3705: 3704: 3701: 3684: 3676: 3665: 3654: 3649:A statue of 3634: 3608: 3585: 3567: 3557: 3555:traditions. 3473: 3472:Traditional 3471: 3394: / 3390: / 3386: / 3382: / 3380:and Buddhism 3378: / 3342:Architecture 3305:Other topics 3243: 3226: 3198:Four varnas: 3197: 3168: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3023: 3016: 3009: 3002: 2995: 2988: 2983:Panchatantra 2981: 2974: 2967: 2960: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2934:Nyāya Sūtras 2932: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2897: 2892:Artha Śastra 2890: 2883: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2799:Kūrma Purana 2797: 2792:Linga Purana 2790: 2785:Shiva Purana 2783: 2776: 2771:Padma Purana 2769: 2762: 2755: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2727: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2699: 2692: 2669: 2662: 2647:s (Hinduism) 2644: 2636: 2577: 2570: 2563: 2557:Atharvaveda: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2524: 2517: 2510: 2503: 2496: 2489: 2482: 2473: 2466: 2459: 2421: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2391: 2271:Shraddhanand 2246:Ravi Shankar 2226:R. D. Ranade 2087:Śyāma Śastri 2082:Swaminarayan 2042:Rupa Goswami 1952:Morya Gosavi 1912:Jiva Goswami 1817:Adi Shankara 1643:Pratyabhijña 1609: 1602: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1574: 1567: 1374:Samavartanam 1354:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ 1339:Annaprashana 1263:Dandiya Raas 1238:Mohiniyattam 1138: 1131:Nididhyāsana 936:Epistemology 868:Brahmacharya 748:Ātman (self) 711: 655:Brahmacharya 584:Saccidānanda 536:Panchikarana 412: 345: 336: / 332:Other major 256: 190: 189: 144: 75: 48: 22756:Neopaganism 22501:Lee Carroll 22393:Edgar Cayce 22334:Space music 22149:Susan Piver 22080:Tantric sex 22028:Mindfulness 21973:Biofeedback 21950:Zhan zhuang 21784:Main topics 21115:Modern yoga 21081:John Friend 21021:Paulie Zink 20970:Bikram Yoga 20944:Amrit Desai 20913:Ananda Yoga 20824:A. G. Mohan 20509:Aerial yoga 20338:B. C. Ghosh 20291:Vivekananda 19895:Krishnology 19661:Chaturmasya 19626:Rama Navami 19555:Panchajanya 19285:Vishnuswami 19280:Dnyaneshwar 19199:Vishnuswami 19150:Sampradayas 19109:Mahabharata 19035:Dhanvantari 18998:Parashurama 18968:Dashavatara 18782:Firewalking 18747:Kusha grass 18691:Akshayavata 18554:Temple tank 18463:Iconography 18411:Instruments 18367:Panchagavya 18261:Panchamrita 18166:Banana leaf 17923:Viraja Homa 17855:Pushpanjali 17835:Panchamrita 17723:Main topics 17654:Vivartavada 17544:Rājamaṇḍala 17499:Paramananda 17299:Apauruṣheyā 17294:Anupalabdhi 17153:Vivekananda 17118:Dharmakirti 17078:Buddhaghosa 17068:Yājñavalkya 16875:Jain Agamas 16870:Hindu texts 16749:Navya-Nyāya 16685:Svatantrika 16680:Sautrāntika 16569:Vaisheshika 16281:As exercise 16179:Yantra yoga 16174:Devata yoga 16083:Anapanasati 15926:Sexual Yoga 15847:Kapalabhati 15817:Sama vritti 15768:Surat Shabd 15694:Eight limbs 15624:Bhakti yoga 15611:Three Yogas 15547:Subtle body 14885:9 September 14828:Müller, Max 14652:Yoga Powers 14557:Yoga Powers 14487:14 December 14032:5 September 13937:5 September 13931:rediff News 13863:5 September 13790:5 September 13744:5 September 13641:, p. . 13588:28 November 13449:3 September 13423:3 September 13175:, pages 3–7 13002:Burley 2012 12970:Burley 2012 12621:(1): 3–12. 12283:Sjoman 1999 12169:23 February 12142:Modern Yoga 12114:(1): 1–19. 12075:Eliade 1958 11896:Larson 2008 11663:Burley 2000 11648:Samuel 2008 11624:Samuel 2008 11571:Larson 2008 11532:Larson 2008 11384:Larson 2008 11372:Larson 2008 11360:Larson 2008 11279:Larson 2008 11231:Grimes 1996 11088:Bryant 2009 11076:Bryant 2009 11041:Vivekananda 11029:Taimni 1961 11017:Larson 2008 11005:Larson 2008 10984:Stiles 2001 10972:Werner 1998 10960:Müller 1899 10924:Burley 2012 10228:19 February 10204:Werner 1998 10145:Samuel 2008 10135:Kundalinī." 10081:Werner 1998 10066:Werner 1998 10003:Larson 2008 9740:Witzel 2008 9689:Samuel 2008 9581:Larson 2014 9554:Bryant 2009 9458:Samuel 2008 9402:Zimmer 1951 9390:Zimmer 1951 9360:Larson 2008 9270:Madaio 2017 9258:Larson 2008 9243:Olsson 2023 9176:: 165–180. 8956:Brahmasutra 8835:, 5.2.15–16 8771:Larson 2008 8727:Bryant 2009 8715:Bryant 2009 8632:Burley 2000 8528:Jantos 2012 8485:Burley 2000 8446:Bryant 2009 8429:Samuel 2008 8372:Werner 1977 8273:Bowker 2000 8021:Olsson 2023 8013:Olsson 2023 8001:Olsson 2023 7959:Olsson 2023 7947:Yoga sutras 7899:modern yoga 7813:tells Ven. 7452:Mallakhamba 7292:. Minority 7282:Amritakunda 7274:Yoga Sutras 7270:Yoga Sutras 7202:as well as 7102:Mahasiddhas 6851:Yoga Sutras 6847:Vivekananda 6639:anapanasati 6457:bhakti yoga 6356:Bikram Yoga 6291:Yoga Sutras 6249:neoplatonic 6231:Max Mueller 6171:Divination. 6135:Yoga Sutras 6056:yantra yoga 5941:Yoga Sutras 5908:Bhakti yoga 5821:yoga bhakti 5734:bodhisattva 5659:Yajnavalkya 5464:Yoga Sutras 5390:Yoga Sutras 5386:Yoga Sutras 5375:Yoga Sutras 5367:Yoga Sutras 5351:adhyavasaya 5347:Yoga Sutras 5338:Yoga Sutras 5225:Brahminical 5103:Vaisheshika 5043:Bhakti yoga 5026:Mahabharata 4985:Mahabharata 4969:Mahabharata 4953:Nirodhayoga 4948:Mahabharata 4939:Nirodhayoga 4929:Mahabharata 4922:Buddhaghosa 4895:Onesicritus 4730:nasopharynx 4680:movements ( 4635:Mahabharata 4555:Atharvaveda 4529:mantra-yoga 4471:and in the 4469:Atharvaveda 4234:Yoga Sutras 4197:Mahābhārata 4066:)" (yp 2a) 4027:)" (2.1.3) 4010:Brahmasutra 3762:Yoga Sutras 3752:, the root 3750:Yoga Sutras 3635:Yoga Sutras 3388:and Judaism 3384:and Sikhism 3352:Iconography 3277:Nationalism 3270:Persecution 3054:Shiva Stuti 2948:Yoga Sutras 2778:Agni Purana 2680:Other texts 2671:Mahabharata 2414:Atharvaveda 2311:Vivekananda 2236:Rama Tirtha 2231:Ramakrishna 2206:Nigamananda 2196:Mahesh Yogi 2072:Sripadaraja 2062:Siddheshwar 1957:Mukundarāja 1937:Madhusūdana 1927:Kanaka Dasa 1852:Chakradhara 1796:Yajnavalkya 1786:Vishvamitra 1655:Pancharatra 1553:Vaisheshika 1509:Ratha Yatra 1457:Janmashtami 1452:Rama Navami 1369:Ritushuddhi 1344:Chudakarana 1334:Nishkramana 1304:Garbhadhana 1273:Pandav Lila 1182:Bhakti yoga 1067:Prāyaścitta 838:Niti śastra 686:Bhakti yoga 665:Vānaprastha 480:Vishvakarma 413:Post-Vedic: 249:Vaishnavism 191:Traditional 22855:Nonduality 22850:Meditation 22814:Categories 22739:Meditation 22684:Breathwork 22626:Ken Wilber 22606:Mark Satin 22566:David Icke 22531:Marc Gafni 22469:Proponents 22386:Influences 22367:The Family 22134:Sam Harris 22070:Relaxation 21966:Techniques 21820:Traditions 21777:Meditation 21476:Meditation 21232:Hatha yoga 21110:Hatha yoga 21087:2006 21074:1997 21068:Bryan Kest 21058:Power Yoga 21056:1995 21043:1984 21037:1982 21008:1975 20981:1975 20968:1973 20962:Swami Rama 20955:1971 20937:1966 20924:1966 20918:Kriyananda 20911:1965 20898:1963 20878:1959 20862:Tim Miller 20829:Indra Devi 20800:1934 20787:1924 20769:1918 20738:2012 20730:2009 20722:2006 20703:2020 20695:2019 20687:2017 20679:2016 20671:2015 20656:2010 20648:2005 20633:2004 20625:1996 20523:By country 20507:2014 20501:2013 20490:2003 20452:1990 20448:Naked yoga 20446:1938 20343:K. V. Iyer 20295:1896 20243:Yoga pants 20221:Yoga brick 20147:Yoga nidra 20145:2008 20139:2007 20133:2002 20127:1979 20082:Standards 19815:Satyabhama 19790:Devis list 19755:Jagannatha 19600:Vaijayanti 19548:Attributes 19524:Vrindavana 19310:Dadu Dayal 19079:Upanishads 19064:Holy texts 18873:Meditation 18853:Krishnaism 18491:Panchaloha 18471:Ashtadhatu 18216:Agarabattī 18151:Puja thali 18037:Ajapa japa 18026:Meditation 17964:Nityakarma 17954:Karmakāṇḍa 17949:Ashvamedha 17903:Kamyakarma 17888:Agnikaryam 17878:Agnicayana 17604:Svātantrya 17494:Paramatman 17449:Kshetrajna 17424:Ishvaratva 17364:Cittabhumi 17359:Chidabhasa 17309:Asiddhatva 17229:Abhasavada 17203:Guru Nanak 17138:Vasubandhu 16964:Upanishads 16958:Tirukkuṟaḷ 16917:Panchadasi 16722:Bhedabheda 16670:Madhyamaka 16510:Monotheism 16393:Yoga Nidra 16199:Karmamudra 16164:Sahajayana 15936:Hatha yoga 15902:Mahasiddha 15822:Shatkarmas 15773:Aghor Yoga 15726:Pratyahara 15647:Philosophy 15629:Jnana yoga 15619:Karma yoga 15431:Websources 14878:OED Online 14713:(6): 101. 14633:Niyamasara 13639:White 2014 13130:White 2014 12900:White 2014 12402:1 February 12324:Mehta 1990 12309:5 February 12044:. Utne.com 11950:Guru Nanak 11481:Kundakunda 11154:, page 168 11122:, page 777 10847:, page 237 10781:, page 129 10548:Flood 1996 10524:Wynne 2007 10361:White 2011 10270:Wynne 2007 10192:White 2011 9956:Flood 1996 9910:wikisource 9866:Wynne 2007 9842:Flood 1996 9786:Wynne 2007 9657:Bryant2009 9605:Flood 1996 9569:Flood 1996 9537:Flood 1996 9525:Flood 1996 9513:Flood 1996 9145:White 2011 9133:White 2011 9121:White 2011 9109:White 2011 9097:White 2011 9085:White 2011 9049:White 2011 8917:Yogaśataka 8676:Wikisource 8663:Sanskrit: 8654:, page 529 8617:White 2011 8552:White 2014 8540:White 2011 8288:Keown 2004 8245:References 8077:Flood 1996 8054:Indo-Aryan 8037:paramatman 8009:White 2011 7955:White 2011 7926:sampradaya 7922:King (1999 7857:"dhyāna." 7819:VRI, n.d.) 7809:62), Ven. 7799:Pali Canon 7770:Meditation 7587:Max Muller 7290:Shia Islam 7188:meditation 7055:Hatha yoga 7035:Hatha yoga 6975:jñāna yoga 6947:Upanishads 6783:deity yoga 6684:right view 6674:, such as 6548:Gal Vihara 6525:kāyotsarga 6511:) such as 6469:hatha yoga 6461:karma yoga 6453:jnana yoga 6443:Traditions 6409:Siddhasana 6340:Indra Devi 6322:Power Yoga 6195:N. C. Paul 6156:Guru Nanak 6060:Kriya Yoga 6027:Tantrayāna 6008:hatha yoga 5896:Hatha yoga 5837:five yamas 5829:Hemacandra 5825:Haribhadra 5819:describes 5817:Kundakunda 5812:Niyamasara 5755:East Asian 5738:Buddhahood 5730:Vasubandhu 5706:Abhidharma 5600:Upanishads 5539:Pratyahara 5491:Aparigraha 5343:Abhidharma 5261:Max Müller 5247:anviksikis 5192:, and the 5115:pratyahara 5049:Jnana yoga 5037:Karma yoga 4806:Upanishads 4779:describes 4725:Pāli Canon 4713:Pali Canon 4592:pratyahara 4452:Brahmanism 4324:school of 4290: – c. 4288: 500 4249:jnana yoga 4241:paramatman 4188:Yogasutras 4097:Hatha yoga 3980:sambandhah 3963:Yogaśataka 3796:The term " 3787:Definition 3742:yujir yoga 3619:meditation 3600:Hatha yoga 3596:Common Era 3574:Upanishads 3228:Varna-less 3100:Tiruppukal 3061:Vayu Stuti 3025:Panchadasi 3018:Swara yoga 2906:Kama Sutra 2845:Dhanurveda 2505:Taittiriya 2483:Yajurveda: 2475:Kaushitaki 2452:Upanishads 2444:Upanishads 2368:Scriptures 2216:Prabhupada 2132:Vidyaranya 2017:Ram Charan 1992:Prabhākara 1907:Jayatīrtha 1862:Dadu Dayal 1857:Chāngadeva 1716:Bharadwaja 1706:Ashtavakra 1472:Kumbh Mela 1420:Durga Puja 1349:Karnavedha 1329:Nāmakaraṇa 1258:Yakshagana 1187:Karma yoga 1177:Jnana yoga 1172:Hatha yoga 1109:Meditation 1082:Tirthadana 863:Aparigraha 719:Paramātman 704:Liberation 696:Karma yoga 691:Jnana yoga 420:Dattatreya 220:Traditions 145:Historical 78:Indic text 55:Statue of 22766:Neotantra 22714:Feng shui 22551:Alex Grey 22445:Theosophy 22418:Occultism 22008:Emptiness 21983:Breathing 21643:Both legs 21397:Reclining 21244:Backbends 21212:Pranayama 20659:Yoga Body 20514:Beer yoga 20479:Cyndi Lee 20417:For women 20298:Raja Yoga 20248:Lululemon 20053:Pranayama 20035:Tree pose 19775:Paramatma 19687:Harmonium 19682:Mridangam 19677:Karatalas 19641:Deepavali 19614:Holy days 19595:Shrivatsa 19590:Kaustubha 19570:Kaumodaki 19509:Vaikuntha 19320:Madhavdev 19315:Sankardev 19300:Ramananda 19290:Vidyapati 19240:Nammalvar 19235:Nathamuni 19055:Hayagriva 18988:Narasimha 18506:Shaligram 18443:Mridangam 18428:Karatalas 18423:Harmonium 18372:Rudraksha 18310:Materials 18226:Kamandalu 18161:Banalinga 18092:Third eye 18082:Śaktipāta 17944:Ashirvada 17908:Pravargya 17883:Agnihotra 17840:Parikrama 17820:Abhisheka 17750:Festivals 17464:Mithyatva 17354:Chaitanya 17349:Catuṣkoṭi 17314:Asatkalpa 17289:Anavastha 17264:Aishvarya 17183:Sakayanya 17178:Sadananda 17143:Gaudapada 17128:Nagarjuna 17083:Patañjali 16899:Principal 16881:Kamasutra 16675:Yogachara 16594:Raseśvara 16402:Journals 16236:Mahamudra 16154:Caryayoga 16138:Vajrayana 16111:Yogachara 16078:Vipassana 16060:Theravada 15919:Kundalini 15914:Laya Yoga 15852:Bhastrika 15790:Mahamudra 15721:Pranayama 15637:Rāja yoga 15246:(1998) . 15131:318191988 15073:(2008) . 14799:928480104 14707:Religions 13827:, page 98 13708:: 15–43. 13665:858797956 13517:27 August 13327:831272340 12717:1465-1858 12268:1 January 12194:. 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6432:Cochrane 6328:created 6316:created 6068:Anu yoga 5803:Umasvati 5775:and the 5749:Treatise 5722:Yogācāra 5710:Mahayana 5673:and the 5565:orthodox 5505:Santosha 5453:niruddha 5404:nirodhaḥ 5168:and the 4789:Yogācāra 4768:sutta). 4738:perineum 4732:, as in 4690:Ajivikas 4551:vratya-s 4480:Samhitas 4412:is in a 4373:prakriti 4334:Buddhism 4093:Yogabija 4064:sivatvam 3969:work by 3929:Yogacara 3925:Mahayana 3668:Sanskrit 3549:Buddhist 3529:physical 3478:Sanskrit 3415:Glossary 3347:Calendar 3282:Hindutva 3205:Brahmana 2876:samhitas 2868:Shastras 2838:Ayurveda 2829:Upavedas 2664:Ramayana 2655:Itihasas 2621:Jyotisha 2588:Vedangas 2572:Mandukya 2468:Aitareya 2460:Rigveda: 2439:Aranyaka 2434:Brahmana 2407:Samaveda 2122:Valluvar 2117:Vallabha 2097:Tulsidas 2027:Ramanuja 1977:Nayanars 1962:Namadeva 1804:Medieval 1746:Kashyapa 1662:Charvaka 1633:Kapalika 1497:Puthandu 1487:Vaisakhi 1384:Antyesti 1364:Keshanta 1288:Adimurai 1283:Silambam 1248:Sattriya 1233:Manipuri 918:Mitahara 898:Santosha 858:Achourya 670:Sannyasa 660:Gṛhastha 519:Ontology 493:Concepts 281:Trimurti 244:Smartism 239:Shaktism 234:Shaivism 108:Hinduism 100:a series 98:Part of 22669:Animism 22536:Gandalf 22440:Thelema 22302:Culture 22228:Related 22109:Leaders 22085:Silence 22075:Samyama 22050:Oneness 21898:Neigong 21699:One leg 21468:Sitting 21220:Vinyasa 21208:Drishti 21098:Related 20756:Schools 20571:Germany 20553:Britain 20530:America 20439:Hybrids 20373:Aspects 20272:History 20115:Therapy 20058:Vinyāsa 20048:Drishti 20040:Warrior 19890:Acharya 19880:Ashrama 19810:Rukmini 19795:Tridevi 19770:Brahman 19723:Vedanta 19670:Worship 19575:Nandaka 19534:Dvaraka 19529:Ayodhya 19437:Valmiki 19425:Writers 19381:Hanuman 19163:Lakshmi 19086:Puranas 19013:Krishna 18960:Avatars 18898:Hari Om 18878:Mantras 18759: ( 18706:Kadamba 18641:more... 18625:Satguru 18522:more... 18438:Manjira 18402:Vibhuti 18382:Sindūra 18377:Candana 18362:Panakam 18347:Kumkuma 18342:Incense 18327:Camphor 18296:Utsavar 18286:Shankha 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8907:, 2.152 8892:, 1.2–4 8227:Brahman 8186:Brahman 8141:युञ्जते 8137:युञ्जते 8041:Brahman 8025:Vedanta 7989:, from 7982:Purusha 7964:samadhi 7879:samādhi 7791:bhāvanā 7762:Nibbana 7755:as its 7727:Rigveda 7654:Wezler. 7595:Brahman 7314:Muslims 7306:Islamic 7294:Islamic 7241:New Age 7227:Vatican 7220:New Age 7029:mantras 7025:chakras 6957:Brahman 6943:Vedanta 6917:Ishvara 6913:puruṣa. 6874:Sāṅkhya 6869:pramana 6842:samadhi 6775:Hua Tou 6755:dharani 6751:mantras 6727:dhammas 6707:samadhi 6702:Samatha 6689:samatha 6621:dhyānas 6598:bhāvanā 6585:rebirth 6577:nirvana 6513:fasting 6487:Jainism 6348:Chennai 6152:Sikhism 6142:Sikhism 6072:atiyoga 6052:Nyingma 6031:Tibetan 5989:chakras 5976:Rigveda 5974:in the 5791:Jainism 5785:Jainism 5632:jivātma 5604:freedom 5578:Vedanta 5557:Samadhi 5545:Dharana 5449:nirodha 5434:Vrittis 5379:ascetic 5355:prakrti 5286:Sutras 5252:Cārvāka 5239:samkhya 5166:Mauryan 5154:samadhi 5136:Vedanta 5101:of the 5077:shlokas 5073:shlokas 5069:shlokas 5061:shlokas 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325:Parvati 320:Lakshmi 307:Tridevi 273:Deities 180:Śramaṇa 160:History 141:Origins 131:History 22825:Āstika 22709:Energy 22646:Themes 22350:Groups 22095:Trance 22065:Prayer 22055:Poetry 22023:Mantra 21924:Tantra 21909:Qigong 21523:Twists 21187:Asanas 20591:Sweden 20586:Russia 20566:France 20166:Events 19997:Asanas 19989:Topics 19850:Dharma 19785:Tulasi 19733:Dvaita 19519:Goloka 19502:Abodes 19468:ISKCON 19411:Alvars 19406:Shesha 19401:Garuda 19396:Narada 19386:Arjuna 19275:Madhva 19179:Brahma 19050:Kapila 19045:Prithu 19030:Mohini 19018:Buddha 18993:Vamana 18983:Varaha 18973:Matsya 18950:Diksha 18940:Tilaka 18930:Ahimsa 18920:Kirtan 18915:Bhajan 18848:Bhakti 18841:Topics 18757:Tulasi 18721:Peepal 18701:Banyan 18696:Ashoka 18595:Pujari 18590:Pandit 18564:Temple 18539:Ashram 18532:Places 18476:Lingam 18418:Dholak 18392:Tulasi 18266:Pandal 18251:Paduka 18211:Ghanta 18201:Cāmara 18171:Biruda 18087:Stotra 18067:Kirtan 18042:Bhajan 18021:Prayer 17994:Śrauta 17969:Ngejot 17785:Utsava 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