307:
1314:
534:. Mokele-mbembe is said to be an amphibious swamp-dweller. This reflects outdated popular views of sauropods common in the twentieth century and presumably stems from artistic depictions in that time, though shares little resemblance with the lifestyle modern research suggests sauropods had. Some researchers have raised concerns that the idea of a "living dinosaur in darkest Africa" is intertwined with the racist ideologies that were once used to justify the colonization of the continent in that it paints Africa as a land still stuck in premodern times, ripe for exploration by more "scientifically advanced" foreigners.
30:
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events and the fossil record. The supposed identifications are also often only based on reconstructions of extinct organisms, consequently limiting them to species often appearing in popular literature as well as views on them now considered to be outdated. As a general example, cryptozoological identifications of various supposed lake monsters often default to identifying them as living
349:. The series of "plates" along the animal's back are however more likely to be stylized lotus leaves or petals, which are shown around numerous other animal and human figures in medieval Cambodian art, including in other carvings at the same temple. The creature is furthermore depicted with large ear flaps or horns, structures that are not known in stegosaurs.
292:
are historical descriptions of dinosaurs. Although many modern depictions of dragons share certain similarities with dinosaurs, this is a recent artistic development spurred by the discovery of dinosaur fossils in the nineteenth century onwards. Earlier depictions of dragons tended to have far fewer
321:
In some cases, historical artwork has been interpreted as depicting non-avian dinosaurs. Although there is artwork that in cases share superficial resemblances with some dinosaur species, identifying them as such often involves ignoring both the context of the artwork itself and dinosaur biology.
514:
have been suggested by cryptozoologists to be living representatives or descendants of various extinct animals, including non-avian dinosaurs. The suggested scenarios for how such organisms are supposed to have survived are often highly flawed, contradicting the abundant data on known geological
267:
believe that non-avian dinosaurs coexisted with humans. Since Young Earth creationists believe the Earth to only be a few thousand years old, their worldview is incompatible with the scientific understanding of geological history and the fossil record. Dinosaur fossils are by different groups of
428:
in Texas. The supposed human tracks in the rock have all been identified to consist of dinosaur tracks eroded to an elongated shape and deliberate hoaxes. There have been documented cases of Young Earth creationists covering up portions of the dinosaur tracks with sand, photographing them, and
95:
and known geological events. Supposed evidence presented for the idea that non-avian dinosaurs persisted to modern times has often been determined to have been hoaxed. Some proponents have tried to identify depictions of dinosaurs among ancient artwork or descriptions of
491:
Even though virtually all such objects have been exposed as hoaxes, many continue to erroneously be used as "evidence". Several hoaxes depicting dinosaurs reflect outdated understandings of the animals. Among the dinosaurs on the Ica stones is for instance a
165:
dinosaurs, and humanity has thus coexisted with avian dinosaurs since the first humans appeared on Earth. However, in a narrow and more colloquial sense, the term "dinosaur" often refers specifically to non-avian dinosaurs, all of which died out in the
203:), could reach heights of over 3.5 meters (11.5 feet). Both the moa and the elephant birds went extinct not long after humans arrived to their respective islands, likely as a result of human hunting. It is unclear if humans ever coexisted with the
272:, or as the remains of creatures that cannot have lived as long ago as science has determined. The second explanation implies that dinosaurs would have coexisted with humans. Some creationists further believe that dinosaurs survived the
276:
since the Bible states that "every kind of land animal" did. Creationists also tend to reject the fossil evidence that many non-avian dinosaurs were feathered, since this is among the evidence that birds descended from them through
468:
Many hoaxes have been presented as historical depictions of dinosaurs and have been used as evidence for the idea that non-avian dinosaurs coexisted with humans. Notable such "artifacts" include the
1018:
424:
One claim made by some proponents of human-dinosaur coexistence is that non-avian dinosaur footprints have been found together with human footprints, with one particular site of note being
353:
545:, with the horns equated with their crests. This identification derives from the outdated idea that hadrosaurs were amphibious, common in the twentieth century but now discredited.
436:, some footprints carved to resemble human feet were sold to tourists in the vicinity of the Paluxy River tracksite; these were recognized as fakes by the paleontologist
100:, though such identifications are often based on outdated or incorrect ideas about dinosaur biology and life appearance and often ignores the cultural/artistic context.
538:
207:
of South
America since most (perhaps all) species appear to already have been extinct before humans arrived. The most massive dinosaur alive today is the
469:
115:
without fossils for tens of millions of years and sharply contrast with the relatively good fossil record of dinosaurs and other groups in the
554:
768:
1164:
176:
emerged only about 3 million years ago, leaving a period of tens of millions of years between the last dinosaurs and the first humans.
17:
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103:
Scientists consider the idea that non-avian dinosaurs survived to the present day to be untenable, with known cases of so-called "
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in
Babylon (which contains depictions of this creature), apparently had such ideas and found it to be similar to how
964:"The dinosaur from 600 BCE! Interpreting the dragon of Babylon, from archaeological excavation into fringe science"
559:
696:"Sea serpents, seals and coelacanths: an attempt at a holistic approach to the identity of large aquatic cryptids"
480:(a large set of dinosaur-like figurines now known to have been made shortly before their supposed discovery), the
1606:
498:, though shown nearly upright with its tail dragging behind it on the ground. This depiction is in-line with how
411:
clearly combines various features of different animals in an arrangement not actually reminiscent of a dinosaur.
502:
was depicted in the 1960s (when the stones were "found") but does not reflect current scientific understanding.
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330:, that has been interpreted as dinosaurian by pseudoscientists are conventionally seen as depictions of
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519:, despite numerous other groups both extinct and extant being more similar in appearance and biology.
52:(birds) and humans is well established historically and in modern times. The coexistence of non-avian
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484:(stones with dinosaurs carved on them, admitted to have been hoaxed by their creator), and the
196:
1091:
Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles
Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature
626:
Fire-Breathing
Dinosaurs? The Hilarious History of Creationist Pseudoscience at Its Silliest
268:
Young Earth creationists either interpreted as hoaxes, sometimes said to be orchestrated by
232:, in which Stone Age humans have dinosaurs as pets and transportation, and the comic series
111:) being far from analogous to large-bodied land vertebrates. It would require unprecedented
1647:
1433:
338:
311:
238:, in which the protagonist is a caveman who hunts dinosaurs, as well as in the comic strip
91:, and some other groups. This belief often contradicts the scientific understanding of the
385:
383:
Some proponents of human and non-avian dinosaur coexistence have equated the
Mesopotamian
380:
looks virtually nothing like one; it has a quadrupedal stance and clearly mammalian paws.
8:
1684:
1578:
1271:
1173:
1122:
Evolution and the Myth of
Creationism: A Basic Guide to the Facts in the Evolution Debate
564:
245:
223:
61:
477:
64:, because in the real world non-avian dinosaurs have at no point coexisted with humans.
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128:
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An often cited example of a supposed non-avian dinosaur depicted in historical art is
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376:. Some creationists have identified this creature as a theropod dinosaur, though the
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485:
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404:
162:
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88:
488:(which include a sword inscribed with a dinosaur, exposed as a hoax for decades).
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actually coexisted at some time in the past or still coexist in the present is a
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1062:
Hanson, A. and Hanson, M., The Book of Job, SCM Press, London, p. 112, 1953.
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such similarities, for instance being less bulky and more serpentine.
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commonly portrays non-avian dinosaurs with humans. Examples include
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reproducing the (often low-quality) photographs in print and film.
342:
289:
179:
The most massive birds known to have coexisted with humans are the
154:
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116:
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Similarly, some cryptozoologists have also suggested that several
248:
in which dinosaurs do not go extinct, such as the 2015 Pixar film
1411:
1355:
1345:
511:
460:(right; notably upright and dragging its tail on the ground) and
208:
150:
440:, though helped him to discover the original tracksite in 1940.
284:
Some proponents have claimed that mythological reptiles such as
1266:
541:
concerning horned water monsters are identifiable with crested
285:
448:
1416:
1350:
269:
72:
57:
1177:
931:
Creationism USA: Bridging the
Impasse on Teaching Evolution
172:
476:
together with incorrectly rendered
Chinese symbols), the
180:
629:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 72–73, 77–78.
1073:
A Critical and
Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Job
875:"DNA evidence suggests humans hunted moa to extinction"
1075:, T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, Part II, p. 326, 1921.
530:
and identified by some cryptozoologists as a possible
314:", erroneously identified by some as a depiction of a
1053:, Vol. IV, Job, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, p. 357, 1988.
788:
322:Some examples of historical art, particularly from
296:
845:
522:One of the more well-known "dinosaur cryptids" is
149:Birds evolved from a group of theropod dinosaurs (
389:, a legendary chimeric creature, with dinosaurs.
1780:
846:Lovette, Irby J.; Fitzpatrick, John W. (2016).
368:Another example is a creature referred to as a
244:. The coexistence has been present in works of
1019:"Feathered Dinosaurs Drive Creationists Crazy"
585:"Did Humans and Dinosaurs Ever Live Together?"
1158:
872:
555:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
372:("crocodile leopard") in the 1st century BCE
751:
170:about 66 million years ago, while the genus
39:(1912), depicting a human and an (outdated)
656:Alien Mysteries, Conspiracies and Cover-Ups
1165:
1151:
1125:. Stanford University Press. p. 129.
825:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14.
717:Prum, Richard O. Prum (19 December 2008).
403:was conceptualized at the time. Even some
1735:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
904:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 19.
901:Peterson Reference Guide to Bird Behavior
789:Zalasiewicz, Jan; Williams, Mark (2018).
734:
407:reject this idea however, given that the
934:. Oxford University Press. p. 108.
447:
351:
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132:
28:
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33:Illustration from the first edition of
14:
1781:
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873:Yirka, Bob; Phys.org (18 March 2014).
852:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 584.
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1016:
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759:"American Adults Flunk Basic Science"
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456:, featuring outdated depictions of a
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60:exists only as a recurring motif in
771:from the original on April 2, 2014.
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918:
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673:
659:. Visible Ink Press. p. 32.
643:
601:
1312:
560:Cultural depictions of dinosaurs
505:
297:Historical artwork and artifacts
1087:"Dragons for Tolkien and Lewis"
1078:
1065:
1056:
1051:Commentary on the Old Testament
1043:
1010:
980:10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100798
891:
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168:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction
1464:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck
1049:Keil, C.F. and Delitzsch, F.,
839:
710:
577:
13:
1:
1740:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
1071:Driver, S.R. and Gray, G.B.,
570:
419:
1809:Dinosaurs in popular culture
792:Skeletons: The Frame of Life
443:
254:and the fantasy book series
7:
1476:Jonathan Livingston Seagull
1428:The Conference of the Birds
1017:Black, Riley (2012-09-19).
795:. Oxford University Press.
548:
10:
1825:
1758:Human–dinosaur coexistence
1457:A History of British Birds
1263:In mythology and religion
623:Senter, Philip J. (2019).
472:(a known hoax depicting a
126:
67:The notion that non-avian
18:Human-dinosaur coexistence
1763:Category:Birds and humans
1750:
1690:Henry Constantine Richter
1632:
1594:
1364:
1321:
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653:Randle, Kevin D. (2013).
414:
374:Nile mosaic of Palestrina
362:Nile mosaic of Palestrina
157:period. Modern birds are
1375:Bird-and-flower painting
849:Handbook of Bird Biology
393:, the discoverer of the
265:Young Earth creationists
211:and the smallest is the
122:
85:Young Earth creationists
736:10.1126/science.1168808
539:Native American legends
526:, said to dwell in the
195:. The largest moa, the
1730:BirdLife International
1670:John Gerrard Keulemans
1622:of the Tower of London
1483:In theatre and ballet
1292:Driven grouse shooting
1119:Berra, Tim M. (1990).
898:Kricher, John (2020).
465:
365:
318:
197:South Island giant moa
146:
45:
1085:Berman, Ruth (1984).
819:Roots, Clive (2006).
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219:Fiction and mythology
136:
32:
1648:The Birds of America
1434:Ode to a Nightingale
962:Miller, Eva (2021).
928:Laats, Adam (2020).
356:Humans hunting the "
339:a hand-sized carving
312:dinosaur of Ta Prohm
83:belief common among
1685:Roger Tory Peterson
729:(5909): 1799–1800.
719:"Who's Your Daddy?"
565:Human uses of birds
246:alternative history
224:Speculative fiction
145:(an avian dinosaur)
62:speculative fiction
48:The coexistence of
1700:Archibald Thorburn
1643:John James Audubon
767:. March 13, 2009.
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366:
319:
302:Misinterpretations
147:
129:Evolution of birds
46:
1799:Pseudoarchaeology
1776:
1775:
1711:Conservationists
1680:Richard Lewington
1470:The Ugly Duckling
1287:Cormorant fishing
1214:Bird conservation
1132:978-0-8047-1770-0
941:978-0-19-751661-4
911:978-1-328-78736-1
859:978-1-118-29105-4
832:978-0-313-08394-5
802:978-0-19-252245-0
666:978-1-57859-466-5
636:978-1-5275-3138-3
589:Discover Magazine
495:Tyrannosaurus rex
470:Granby Stone Idol
378:krokodilopardalis
370:krokodilopardalis
364:(1st century BCE)
358:krokodilopardalis
345:, allegedly of a
251:The Good Dinosaur
201:Dinornis robustus
16:(Redirected from
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77:pseudoscientific
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1665:Lars Jonsson
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1602:Golden eagle
1544:Horror films
1528:The Big Year
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1502:The Firebird
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1197:Birdwatching
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1720:Peter Scott
1705:Joseph Wolf
1695:Joseph Smit
1675:Edward Lear
1612:Pigeon/Dove
1579:Cendrawasih
1564:Feather boa
1555:In fashion
1387:In heraldry
1365:In the arts
1302:Wildfowling
1283:In hunting
1272:Sacred ibis
1257:Ornithology
1248:In science
1242:Vinkensport
528:Congo River
517:plesiosaurs
452:One of the
432:During the
395:Ishtar Gate
185:New Zealand
109:coelacanths
107:" (such as
42:Stegosaurus
1783:Categories
1660:John Gould
1423:In poetry
1397:Crow/Raven
1277:Sky burial
1192:Aviculture
1185:Activities
1036:2023-02-26
884:2023-02-26
594:2022-03-29
571:References
543:hadrosaurs
482:Ica stones
454:Ica stones
420:Footprints
332:crocodiles
193:Madagascar
127:See also:
1575:In dance
1514:The Birds
1495:Swan Lake
1488:The Birds
1452:In prose
1392:Avalerion
1223:In sport
1219:Fletching
1202:Bird hide
1174:Human use
1103:0146-9339
1097:(1): 54.
1031:1091-2339
1004:242074437
988:0160-9327
968:Endeavour
444:Artifacts
400:Iguanodon
360:" in the
347:stegosaur
316:stegosaur
279:evolution
257:Dinotopia
241:Alley Oop
69:dinosaurs
54:dinosaurs
1559:Aigrette
1551:In music
1509:In film
1323:Products
1232:Falconry
1207:Big year
996:34739977
879:phys.org
769:Archived
745:19095929
706:: 75–94.
694:(2001).
549:See also
532:sauropod
512:cryptids
474:sauropod
464:(bottom)
462:sauropod
458:theropod
409:mušḫuššu
386:mušḫuššu
343:Ta Prohm
290:Behemoth
288:and the
187:and the
155:Jurassic
139:falconer
117:Mesozoic
98:cryptids
1751:Related
1607:Penguin
1595:Species
1412:Martlet
1371:In art
1356:Poultry
1346:Feather
1331:Chicken
723:Science
286:dragons
209:ostrich
151:Paraves
141:with a
1633:People
1267:Augury
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500:T. rex
415:Hoaxes
73:humans
58:humans
1617:Raven
1417:Turul
1402:Eagle
1351:Guano
1178:birds
1023:Slate
1000:S2CID
510:Many
328:Egypt
310:The "
270:Satan
263:Many
123:Birds
1445:Crow
1336:Down
1127:ISBN
1099:ISSN
1027:ISSN
992:PMID
984:ISSN
936:ISBN
906:ISBN
854:ISBN
827:ISBN
797:ISBN
741:PMID
661:ISBN
631:ISBN
326:and
173:Homo
161:and
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