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454:, who pretended for years to be suffering from dementia, and was often seen wandering aimlessly around his neighborhood in his pajamas muttering to himself. Testimony from informants and surveillance showed that Gigante was in full control of his faculties the whole time, and ruled over his Mafia family with an iron fist.
191:
Archaeologists have unearthed skulls (at least 7000 years old) that have small, round holes bored in them using flint tools. It has been conjectured that the subjects may have been thought to have been possessed by spirits that the holes would allow to escape. More recent research on the historical practice of
181:
A more informal use of the term insanity is to denote something or someone considered highly unique, passionate or extreme, including in a positive sense. The term may also be used as an attempt to discredit or criticize particular ideas, beliefs, principles, desires, personal feelings, attitudes, or
499:
In modern times, labeling someone as insane often carries little or no medical meaning and is rather used as an insult or as a reaction to behavior perceived to be outside the bounds of accepted norms. For instance, the definition of insanity is sometimes colloquially purported to be "doing the same
434:
Feigned insanity is the simulation of mental illness in order to deceive. Amongst other purposes, insanity is feigned in order to avoid or lessen the consequences of a confrontation or conviction for an alleged crime. A number of treatises on medical jurisprudence were written during the nineteenth
396:
Additionally, some jurisdictions add the question of whether or not the defendant was in control of their behavior at the time of the offense. For example, if the defendant was compelled by some aspect of their mental illness to commit the illegal act, the defendant could be evaluated as not in
190:
Madness, the non-legal word for insanity, has been recognized throughout history in every known society. Some traditional cultures have turned to witch doctors or shamans to apply magic, herbal mixtures, or folk medicine to rid deranged persons of evil spirits or bizarre behavior, for example.
155:
is often translated to mean a "healthy mind in a healthy body". From this perspective, insanity can be considered as poor health of the mind, not necessarily of the brain as an organ (although that can affect mental health), but rather refers to defective function of mental processes such as
319:, circa 1773. Before the 19th century, these hospitals were used to isolate the mentally ill or the socially ostracized from society rather than cure them or maintain their health. Pictures from this era portrayed patients bound with rope or chains, often to beds or walls, or restrained in
392:
for the purposes of an insanity defense. The second question is whether the mental illness interfered with the defendant's ability to distinguish right from wrong. That is, did the defendant know that the alleged behavior was against the law at the time the offense was committed.
249:
illness. The Romans also supported humane treatment of the mentally ill, and in so doing, codified into law the principle of insanity as a mitigation of responsibility for criminal acts, although the criterion for insanity was sharply set as the defendant had to be found
207:
appeared to share something of the modern
Western world's secular and holistic view, believing that afflictions of the mind did not differ from diseases of the body. Moreover, they saw mental and physical illness as a result of natural causes and an imbalance in
809:
765:
269:
During the 18th century, the French and the
British introduced humane treatment of the clinically insane, though the criteria for diagnosis and placement in an asylum were considerably looser than today, often including such conditions as
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787:
244:
made other contributions to psychiatry, in particular a precursor of some contemporary practice. They put forward the idea that strong emotions could lead to bodily ailments, the basis of today's theory of
559:
443:(1869), Meymott (1882). The typical techniques as outlined in these works are the background for Dr. Neil S. Kaye's widely recognized guidelines that indicate an attempt to feign insanity.
98:, including a person or persons becoming a danger to themselves or to other people. Conceptually, mental insanity also is associated with the biological phenomenon of
770:
377:
of the prosecution's case such as general or specific intent. Each U.S. state differs somewhat in its definition of insanity but most follow the guidelines of the
1045:
619:
Andrushko, Valerie A.; Verano, John W. (1 September 2008). "Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: A view into an ancient Andean practice".
381:. All jurisdictions require a sanity evaluation to address the question first of whether or not the defendant has a mental illness.
331:
Insanity is no longer considered a medical diagnosis but is a legal term in the United States, stemming from its original use in
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thing over and over again and expecting a different result." However, this does not match the legal definition of insanity.
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The forensic mental health specialists submit their evaluations to the court. Since the question of sanity or insanity is a
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and not a medical one, the judge and or jury will make the final decision regarding the defendant's status regarding an
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supports the hypothesis that this procedure was medical in nature and intended as means of treating cranial trauma.
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In most jurisdictions within the United States, if the insanity plea is accepted, the defendant is committed to a
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953:"Insanity is Doing the Same Thing over and over Again and Expecting Different Results – Quote Investigator"
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in 1838 (fifth edition 1871); others include Ryan (1832), Taylor (1845), Wharton and Stille (1855),
373:, insanity may serve as an affirmative defense to criminal acts and thus does not need to negate an
766:""What's in a Name?": A Brief Foray into the History of Insanity in England and the United States"
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Psychological
Evaluations for the Courts: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Lawyers
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for at least 60 days for further evaluation, and then reevaluated at least yearly after that.
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frequently wrote that an excess of black bile resulted in irrational thinking and behavior.
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Madhouses, Mad-doctors, and Madmen: The Social
History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era
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Insanity is generally no defense in a civil lawsuit, but an insane plaintiff can
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is an informal, un-scientific term denoting "mental instability"; thus, the term
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the statute of limitations for filing a suit until gaining sanity, or until a
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is the legal definition of mental instability. In medicine, the general term
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reasoning. Another Latin phrase related to our current concept of sanity is
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335:. The disorders formerly encompassed by the term covered a wide range of
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mental or behavioral patterns. Insanity can manifest as violations of
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witnessed the end of the progressive ideas of the Greeks and Romans.
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means having had criminal intent, or a guilty mind, when the act (
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926:"Vincent Gigante, Mafia Leader Who Feigned Insanity, Dies at 77"
814:
Journal of the
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online
533:
Current medical
Diagnosis & Treatment. International edition
219:
983:
294:
577:
Weinstein, Raymond M. (2007) "madness" in George Ritzer (ed.)
665:
The
Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science
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In
English, the word "sane" derives from the Latin adjective
908:"Feigned Insanity in Nineteenth Century America Legal Cases"
844:
162:("sound of mind"), and a euphemistic term for insanity is
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Journal of the
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
618:
37:"Insane" and "Crazy" redirect here. For other uses, see
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control of their behavior at the time of the offense.
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their proponents, such as in politics and religion.
446:One famous example of someone feigning insanity is
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728:
384:Most courts accept a major mental illness such as
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1027:
967:"The Definition of Insanity – Psychology Today"
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531:L M Tierney, S J McPhee, M A Papadakis (2002).
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1046:Pejorative terms for people with disabilities
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130:in a patient; and psychiatric illness is "
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621:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
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218:
49:
841:
820:(1). www.jaapl.org: 124. Archived from
579:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
388:but will not accept the diagnosis of a
254:", a term meaning "not sound of mind".
14:
1028:
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435:century, the most famous of which was
27:Abnormal mental or behavioral patterns
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695:An intellectual history of psychology
457:Today feigned insanity is considered
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810:"Criminal Responsibility and Intent"
560:An interview with Dr. Joseph Merlino
489:Competency to Stand Trial evaluation
521:
487:) because he feigned insanity in a
122:is used to include the presence of
24:
282:or being pregnant out of wedlock.
110:. In contemporary usage, the term
25:
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924:Selwyn, Rabb (19 December 2005).
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106:is infectious) as in the case of
54:Engraving of the eighth print of
1021:"On Being Sane in Insane Places"
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186:Historical views and treatment
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999:The dictionary definition of
808:Poortinga, Ernest; G (2007).
700:University of Wisconsin Press
663:Craighead, W. Edward (2002).
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289:was the precursor of today's
692:Robinson, Daniel N. (1995).
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258:From the Middle Ages onward
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877:(2nd ed.). New York:
842:Shapiro, David L. (1991).
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36:
29:
494:
483:(adding to his original
152:mens sana in corpore sano
32:Insanity (disambiguation)
764:Tighe, Janet A. (2005).
596:Madness: A Brief History
461:. In a 2005 court case,
846:. Needham Heights, MA:
653:Weinstein 2007, p. 2693
600:Oxford University Press
464:United States v. Binion
413:psychiatric institution
345:organic brain syndromes
60:, depicting inmates at
39:Insane (disambiguation)
1041:Obsolete medical terms
1013:Quotations related to
727:Scull, Andrew (1981).
539:. pp. 1078–1086.
481:obstruction of justice
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317:Williamsburg, Virginia
291:Bethlem Royal Hospital
274:, speech impediments,
233:
68:
43:Crazy (disambiguation)
871:Gary, Melton (1997).
585:, 2007, pp. 2693-2695
222:
145:, meaning "healthy".
53:
991:at Wikimedia Commons
848:Simon & Schuster
583:Blackwell Publishing
390:personality disorder
315:asylum was built in
30:For other uses, see
669:John Wiley and Sons
594:Porter, Roy (2002)
562:, David Shankbone,
906:Neil S. Kaye M.D.
879:The Guilford Press
850:. pp. 70–72.
633:10.1002/ajpa.20836
510:Rosenhan, David L.
234:
90:caused by certain
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987:Media related to
568:, 5 October 2007.
424:statute of repose
369:In United States
339:now diagnosed as
252:non compos mentis
178:) was committed.
164:non compos mentis
57:A Rake's Progress
16:(Redirected from
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337:mental disorders
308:Canterbury Tales
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116:insanity defense
108:copycat suicides
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881:. pp.
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537:McGraw-Hill
459:malingering
355:disorders.
264:Middle Ages
232:, 1812-1819
214:Hippocrates
1030:Categories
828:2008-02-22
794:2007-10-20
702:. p.
516:References
473:prosecuted
333:common law
280:depression
193:trepanning
175:actus reus
166:. In law,
149:'s phrase
477:convicted
469:defendant
441:Ordronaux
437:Isaac Ray
426:has run.
386:psychosis
353:psychotic
124:delusions
120:psychosis
100:contagion
88:behaviors
84:craziness
1036:Insanity
1015:Insanity
1002:insanity
989:Insanity
937:24 April
784:15985670
641:18386793
565:Wikinews
504:See also
485:sentence
430:Feigning
327:Medicine
313:American
276:epilepsy
229:Madhouse
169:mens rea
112:insanity
92:abnormal
72:Insanity
883:186–248
375:element
303:Chaucer
147:Juvenal
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242:Romans
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479:for
475:and
450:boss
448:Mafia
143:sanus
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852:ISBN
780:PMID
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