848:, the Bulgarian government obtained certain information about them. On 2 September 1944 Bulgaria ordered the withdrawal of its troops from Macedonia. Detailed German telegrams indicate that on 3 September 1944 Mihaylov was flown from Zagreb to Sofia. A German telegram from 1:07 am on 5 September indicates that Hitler re-ordered the establishment of a puppet state in Macedonia. Mihaylov was transported to Skopje on the evening of 5 September "to see what can saved". Another telegram repeating the Fuehrer's order came in at 2 am on 6 September. On 6 September, Mihaylov declined the offer to lead an independent 'puppet state' for inability to get local support. The German diplomats in Skopje reported to Berlin that the attempt to establish a puppet state had failed. On 8 September 1944 Germany closed its Consulate in Skopje, and Mihaylov with his wife, together staff from the German consulate, left Skopje. Nevertheless, the same day, right-wing IMRO nationalists declared independence.
641:, Georgi Skrizhovski, Aleksandar Bujnov, Chudomir Kantardjiev and many others were killed in a series of consecutive murders all taking place in 1925. Mihaylov's group of young IMRO cadres soon fell into conflict with the older group of the organization. The latter were in favour of the old tactics of incursions by armed bands in Yugoslavia and Greece, whereas the former favoured more flexible tactics, with smaller terrorist cells, carrying selective assassinations of public figures. The conflict grew into a leadership struggle and Mihaylov soon, in turn, ordered the assassination in 1928 of a rival leader of the older group, General
661:
311:
978:
743:
162:
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stance. The acknowledgement of
Bulgarian influence on Macedonian history is highly problematic to many Macedonians because it clashes with the Yugo-Macedonian narratives. Especially after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, the cornerstone of Macedonian national identity and historiography had been the notion of a distinct, non-Bulgarian, Macedonian national consciousness, leading to a profoundly anti-Bulgarian stance in politics and historiography.
928:
585:
47:
948:
by Tito in
Yugoslavia were protected. In order to provide a basis for the Bulgarian emigrant movement and create a historical record, Ivan Mihaylov started writing his memoirs from the 1950s to the 1970s, which the MPO's Central Committee published in four large volumes. These works provide serious proof of Bulgarian national interests from the 50s to the 70s. After the change of Bulgarian policy toward the
857:
384:, thus eliminating not only the enemies of the Bulgarian national idea in Macedonia but also its left-wing opponents within the Macedonian liberation movement. Mihaylov changed the organization's tactics from guerrilla campaigns to individual terrorist acts. Numerous attacks were carried out by IMRO against Yugoslav officials under his leadership, the most spectacular of which was the
837:, where he spoke to Hitler and Himmler and other top German leaders. From the scant available German information, it is apparent that Mihaylov received consent to create three battalions consisting of volunteers armed with German weapons and munitions. Moreover, these battalions were to be under the operative command and disposal of Reichsfuhrer of
1104:, Mihaylov's view about the term "Macedonian" was that it's a generalizing, regional term, including different ethnicities like Bulgarians, Aromanians, Albanians but not ethnic Macedonians. He regarded his IMRO as "a purely Bulgarian affair", and him as "a terrorist and an exponent of Bulgarian revanchism".
802:
were organised. It was apparent that
Mihaylov had broader plans which envisaged the creation of a Macedonian state under a German control. It was also anticipated that the IMRO volunteers would form the core of the armed forces of a future Independent Macedonia in addition to providing administration
600:
was assassinated in unclear circumstances and IMRO soon came under the control of
Mihaylov, who had become a powerful figure in Bulgarian politics. IMRO's leadership was quick to blame Aleksandrov's murder on the communists, while they claimed that Mihaylov may have actually been responsible for the
947:
in the United States, Canada and
Australia in the late 1940s. Mihaylov became the emigrants' ideological leader, and the MPO supplied the people and funds for the political struggle. With the help of the United Nations and various humanitarian organizations, the human rights of Bulgarians repressed
729:
occupation which they considered
Bulgarian land. As a result of this, IMRO had built an extensive network in Pirin Macedonia and in the other parts of Bulgarian territory, which was used to provide financing for the organization and an operational base from which the offensives into Yugoslavia and
720:
and ordered his supporters not to resist the
Bulgarian army and to accept the disarmament peacefully, potentially avoiding a civil war or foreign invasion. Many inhabitants of Pirin Macedonia met this disbandment with satisfaction because it was perceived as relief from an unlawful and quite often
1257:
Ryan
Gingeras, The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization: "Oriental" terrorism, counterinsurgency, and the end of the Ottoman Empire, pp. 372-373 in The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism (2021) edited by Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, pp. 367-384; Oxford University Press,
968:
when in 1990 at the end of the cold war, the popular TV anchor Kevork
Kevorkyan contacted Mihaylov, thought by many to be long since deceased, and recorded a long interview with him. After the long years of official propaganda, he was still thought of as an "enemy of the people" by many. This was
1366:
In
Macedonia, the interwar VMRO has traditionally been portrayed as Bulgarian, and as a champion of the ideal of a ‘Greater Bulgaria’ that included Macedonia. In turn, thus, SDSM politicians and mainstream historians have accused the VMRO-DPMNE of falsifying history and of taking a pro-Bulgarian
1087:
state with a prevailing ethnic Bulgarian element, something as "Switzerland on the Balkans". According to his personal secretary Vida Boeva he was constantly canvassing by means of petitions, letters of protest, memoirs addressed to the UN etc. By the name of Macedonian Patriotic Organisation
1220:
From the moment he took power, he allied the VMRO very closely with the Bulgarian nationalist and revisionist right. He also cooperated actively with the other revisionist powers—Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy, Admiral Horthy's right-wing Hungary, and Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany - and with
1176:
Indeed, some Macedonian Slavs still combine Bulgarian ethnic sentiment with the desire for an independent multi-ethnic Macedonia. In 1989, for example, Ivan Mihailov, a self-professed “Bulgarian from Macedonia”, told Macedonian journalist Boris Vishinsky (2001) that he sought “an independent
964:, which contacted Anton Popov, a journalist at the same station. Popov was one of the persons abroad that Ivan Mihaylov trusted most. Sensing the impending collapse of Yugoslavia, he consented to such an interview, but only provided written answers. It then came as a real shock for many in
1079:
There are different political opinions about Mihaylov's activity in Bulgaria, but scholars agree that he was a defender of the statement about the strong Bulgarian character of the Slav-speaking population in the region of Macedonia. He was a follower of the idea about an independent
1008:
In Bulgaria, Mihaylov is regarded as an important revolutionary from the third generation of freedom fighters who continued the struggle for political autonomy or independence in the Bulgarian-populated parts of Macedonia after the partition of most of the region of Macedonia between
721:
brutal parallel authority. Mihaylov had nine life sentences and three death sentences in Bulgaria. Although IMRO's main goal had always been the creation of an independent Macedonian state, some previous Bulgarian governments tolerated it as its goal was the liberation of
1088:
emphasizing that the Macedonian Republic was a colony of Serbia, under another name, as the Macedonian nation. He declared also that Macedonia is Bulgarian and the Slavs in Macedonia are Bulgarian. All these people that had the power in Macedonia were
490:
Mihaylov is the author of four volumes of memoirs and a number of articles and pamphlets, such as "Macedonia: Switzerland of the Balkans", "Stalin and the Macedonian Question", as well as other materials describing the Macedonian struggle for freedom.
1188:
Tchavdar Marinov, Communism and Nationalism in the Balkans: Marriage of Convenience or Mutual Attraction? p. 510 in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two (2013) edited by Tchavdar Marinov and Alexander Vezenkov, pp. 469–555, BRILL;
657:. A total of 63 terrorist acts and attacks on bridges, warehouses, Serbian police stations and military targets were undertaken between 1922 and 1930, the number of assassinated Serbian officials and collaborators numbered in the thousands
942:
Gradually Ivan Mihaylov was established as a legal political figure and author of the ideology of the Bulgarian national liberation movement in Macedonia. This fact allowed for a close political alliance between Ivan Mihaylov and the
487:. He was later partially rehabilitated there, supporting the Bulgarian narrative that negates the existence of a widespread Macedonian national identity before the end of World War II and he has been fully rehabilitated today.
844:. Additionally, in Sofia talks were held between high-ranking functionaries of the SS and the IMRO Central Committee members. Despite the confidential character of the negotiations between Mihaylov and the
645:, which sparked a fratricidal war between "Mihaylovists" and "Protogerovists". The less numerous and ill-equipped Protogerovists soon became allied with Yugoslavia and certain Bulgarian military circles as
2061:
730:
Greece were conducted. While in exile, IMRO was kept alive by members in various countries worldwide, but ceased to be an active force in Macedonia except for brief moments during the
1119:
was just a Yugoslav satellite and even if it became completely independent, it would be harmful to Bulgaria. In this way, its natural place would be in its unification with Bulgaria.
1309:
Stefan Troebst (2017) Zwischen Arktis, Adria und Armenien: das östliche Europa und seine Ränder: Aufsätze, Essays und Vorträge 1983-2016; Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, pp. 130-131;
2096:
989:(IMRO) was no longer active, Mihaylov remained the leader of the Macedonian Liberation Movement and was supported by the Macedonian Patriotic Organization of US and Canada, of
712:. IMRO's constant fratricidal killings and assassinations abroad provoked some within the Bulgarian military to take control and attempt to crush the organization after the
1356:Виктор Цветаноски, Ванчо Михајлов умирал и тврдел дека македонска нација не постои. Која е контроверзната тетовка што ја слават Бугарите? (5) Утрински весник, 27.02.2007 г.
960:
political activity. However, in September 1989, Boris Vishinsky, a Skopje journalist, decided to try and interview Mihaylov. He expressed his hope for such an interview on
790:. Mihaylov refused to return to the Bulgarian-occupied part of Macedonia and remained in Croatia until the end of the war. With his help in 1943, some armed detachments –
1369:
For more see: Paul Reef (2018) Macedonian Monument Culture Beyond 'Skopje 2014'. From the journal Comparative Southeast European Studies. De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
1705:
896:-controlled authorities on accusations of collaboration with the Bulgarian occupation, Bulgarian nationalism, anti-communist and anti-Yugoslav activities, etc.
1606:
Das makedonische Jahrhundert: von den Anfängen der nationalrevolutionären Bewegung zum Abkommen von Ohrid 1893–2001, Stefan Troebst, Oldenbourg Verlag, 2007,
1826:
Focus magazine n 531; 2 September 2005 Exclusive from Rome. Vida Boeva a personal secretary of the last leader of IMRO. The West was backing Vancho Mihaylov.
1329:
684:
and acted as a "state within a state", which it used as a base for hit and run attacks against Yugoslavia with the unofficial support of Bulgaria and later
2066:
1742:
1396:
2071:
1961:
1408:Иван Гаврилов Михайлов, Избрани произведения, редактори: К Гергинов, Цочо Билярски; Военноиздателски комплекс "Св. Георги Победоносец", 1993, стр. 5;
935:
424:
but ultimately refused to move forward due to the lack of German military support and his reluctance to take a course that would lead to civil war.
1292:
Dimitris Livanios (2008) The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, OUP Oxford; pp. 28-30;
868:
ordered the assassination of Mihaylov. The new regimes in Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Greece persecuted his followers as fascists and traitors. After
1855:
1382:
544:. A scholarship was offered to him by the Serbian Ministry of Education to pursue a degree at a European university, but he declined. During the
1179:
For more see: Alexander Maxwell, “Slavic Macedonian Nationalism: From 'Regional' to 'Ethnic,'” in Ethnologia Balkanica; issue 11 (2007) p. 147.
1001:, the oldest continuously published Macedonian émigré newspaper. Until the end of his life, Mihaylov continued his interest in the fate of the
986:
521:
374:
271:
173:
1765:
1828:
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Michael Palairet (2016) Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 192-194; 196; 200; 208; 213; 223,
553:
601:
murder. These events created friction between factions within the organization and led to several high-profile murders, including that of
1395:
Frosina Dimeska, WWII Bulgarian Nationalist ‘Glorified to Undermine Macedonian Identity’: Interview with the historian Chavdar Marinov,
385:
1478:
1801:
783:
649:, who favoured rapprochement with Yugoslavia. That period led to the intensification of the armed struggle of the organization in
953:
1790:Билярски, Цочо. Един живот, посветен на България и на революцията, In: Михайлов, Иван. Избрани произведения, София 1993, с. 5–25
1240:
Frederick B. Chary (2011) The History of Bulgaria, The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, ABC-CLIO, pp. 70-71; 114-116,
2081:
1799:
The last interview with the leader of IMRO, Ivan Michailov in 1989 – newspaper 'Democratsia', Sofia, 8 January 2001, pp. 10–11
1039:
2011:
2086:
310:
1633:
461:
I would recommend to the young people in Macedonia to hold on to the fact that we have been Bulgarians for a thousand years.
111:
1666:
1096:. He believed that the Macedonians are part of the Bulgarian nation and the founders of IMRO were people who accepted the
83:
2051:
1995:
1623:
James Minahan. Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States (Greenwood Press, 1998), p. 178
1977:
884:. The organizations of the IMRO in Bulgaria were completely destroyed. Former IMRO members were hunted by the communist
713:
483:
historical narrative. According to Bulgarian historian Chavdar Marinov, Mihaylov was regarded as a Nazi collaborator in
2091:
2076:
409:
1702:
952:
in the late 1950s, Mihaylov was largely forgotten about and according to some sources even in the 1970s and 1980s the
1890:
1729:
1591:
1564:
1537:
1510:
1460:
1435:
944:
432:
130:
90:
685:
479:, while the organization he led is seen as a controversial Bulgarian organization because its ideas clash with the
1326:
692:. Numerous assassinations were carried out by IMRO activists in many countries, the majority of which occurred in
505:
240:
2101:
771:
2056:
1611:
1413:
1314:
1297:
1280:
1263:
1245:
1228:
1194:
97:
68:
64:
1061:, opened a memorial home of leaders of historical VMRO, devoted also to Ivan Mihaylov, at 20 December 2014 in
1005:(whom he considered ethnically Bulgarian) and was committed to an autonomous or independent Macedonian state.
447:" and asserted that it acted as a money-raising organ to support Mihaylov's activity. At the beginning of the
2106:
1954:– Volume IV of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Western Newspaper Publishing Co., Inc., 1973.
1691:Красимир Каракачанов, Божидар Димитров и Костадин Чакъров в разговор за Ванчо Михайлов пред Георги Коритаров
401:
17:
1112:
1058:
824:
767:
436:
421:
532:(1913), when the school was closed by the new Greek administration. He later continued his schooling at a
79:
1223:
For more see: Andrew Rossos (2013) Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History, Hoover Press, 2013, p. 162,
905:
1906:Иван Михайлов от Ново село, Щип, Вардарска Македония - "Разговор с Райна Дрангова", Рим, юни 1979 година
1859:
1144:
1002:
901:
35:
1752:
1664:
The Macedonian Patriotic Organization in the United States, Canada and Australia. Dr. Trendafil Mitev
1140:
799:
697:
795:
660:
1769:
1017:. His memory is honoured and his name is taken from streets and schools in the whole of Bulgaria.
1453:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2, From the Fifteenth Century to the Present), Volume 2
877:
57:
1832:
1043:
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for Germany where he was to visit the main headquarters of Hitler and the headquarters of the
1853:Иван КАТАРЏИЕВ, aкадемик, ВЕРУВАМ ВО НАЦИОНАЛНИОТ ИМУНИТЕТ НА МАКЕДОНЕЦОТ. Forum Publishing.
1741:Уставeн суд на Република Македонија. У.Број: 168/2000-0-0. Дата на донесување: 21 March 2001.
1581:
1554:
1527:
1500:
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909:
726:
642:
452:
381:
31:
1475:
IMRO Militia And Volunteer Battalions of Southwestern Macedonia, 1943–1944. By Vic Nicholas
2046:
2041:
1951:
1025:
472:
104:
880:
and teachers were brought in from Yugoslavia to teach the locals in the recently codified
613:
IMRO, took action against several former members of IMRO's Sandanist (left-wing) faction.
380:
Under Mihaylov, IMRO became notoriously anti-communist and identified itself closely with
8:
1805:
1084:
1074:
949:
888:
and many of them were imprisoned, repressed, exiled or killed. On the other hand, former
881:
864:
In 1944, he was forced to flee again, this time to Italy. The Bulgarian communist leader
355:
335:
779:
722:
484:
480:
370:
347:
327:
1101:
1062:
1024:, Ivan Mihaylov has been regarded as a controversial pro-Bulgarian revolutionary. The
1886:
1725:
1607:
1587:
1560:
1533:
1506:
1456:
1431:
1409:
1346:
Ivan Mihaylov: I am Bulgarian from Macedonia, Interwiev, Sertember 1989. (in English)
1345:
1310:
1293:
1276:
1259:
1241:
1224:
1190:
1029:
860:
Mihaylov (to the left) with the vormer IMRO activist Pandeli Stoyanov in Rome (1969).
845:
834:
665:
634:
597:
573:
541:
529:
448:
196:
2023:
830:
568:. It was at this time that he was offered to work as personal secretary to the then
2008:
1081:
841:
787:
775:
731:
654:
650:
565:
533:
397:
283:
405:
2015:
1999:
1981:
1766:"НОВА Музеј на ВМРО во Штип: Восочни фигури на Тодор Александров, Ванчо Михајлов"
1709:
1640:
1482:
1333:
1054:
1021:
1014:
977:
921:
897:
873:
865:
742:
681:
638:
610:
476:
420:. During the last stage of the war, he tried to realize IMRO's plan to create an
367:
1670:
1032:, a pro-Bulgarian organization bearing the name of Ivan Mihaylov as separatist.
900:
and Georgi Dimitrov worked on a project to merge Bulgaria and Yugoslavia into a
747:
709:
186:
24 December 1924 – 1934 (together with Aleksandar Protogerov till 1928)
1905:
932:
812:
614:
549:
517:
513:
244:
1990:
669:
2035:
1972:
961:
701:
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618:
602:
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1116:
924:
many of these people were expelled from Greece and tortured as Bulgarians.
913:
869:
525:
464:
417:
413:
920:" were convicted of military crimes as collaborationists. Also, after the
916:
took a stance against Yugoslavia. After the Second World War many former "
1941:
1931:
1921:
1370:
1035:
545:
161:
912:
in June 1948, when Bulgaria, being subordinated to the interests of the
1383:"Why Ivan Mihailov's Memory Still Disturbs Present-day Balkan Politics"
1047:
990:
957:
693:
393:
363:
278:
1428:
The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation
997:. He wrote four books of memoirs and regularly wrote articles for The
1327:
Background Whereabouts and Activities of Ivan Mihailov, 16 April 1953
885:
872:
the ruling Bulgarian Communists declared the population in Bulgarian
705:
589:
927:
689:
584:
389:
46:
1108:
965:
893:
808:
557:
428:
1968:, by Antonio Pitamitz. pp. 46–51. Translated by Cali Ruchala.
1692:
994:
804:
1667:"Macedonian Patriotic Organization in USA, Canada and Australia"
1634:"Във и извън Македония. Спомени на Пандо Младенов стр. 97 – 100"
1068:
969:
Mihaylov's last interview. He died in Rome on 5 September 1990.
509:
1207:
1053:
The Government of Macedonia, in an event led by Prime Minister
1010:
917:
791:
763:
759:
755:
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174:
President of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1944:– Volume III of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Leuven, Belgium 1967
1934:– Volume II of Ivan Mihaylov's memoirs, Leuven, Belgium, 1965
856:
696:. The most spectacular of these was the assassination of King
2062:
Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1924:– Volume I of Ivan Mihaylov's Memoirs, Leuven, Belgium, 1958
646:
606:
561:
556:
at the time. After the end of the war, Mihaylov emigrated to
455:, only a month before his death in 1990, he kept insisting: "
818:
569:
504:
Ivan Mihaylov was born on 26 August 1896 in the village of
260:
1952:"Спомени IV – Освободителна борба 1924–1934" (продължение)
435:
in the US and Canada worked under his guidance on the old
1802:"Ivan Michailov - Radko: I am a Bulgarian from Macedonia"
440:
762:
and Hungary and finally settled in the Croatian capital
838:
786:
and along with various other regions, becoming part of
1883:
The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History
1177:
Macedonia with recognized historical ethnic groups”.
342:; 26 August 1896 – 5 September 1990), also known as
1494:
1492:
1490:
1221:
right-wing movements, such as the Croatian Ustasha.
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2097:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki alumni
688:, also establishing close links with the Croatian
1880:
1703:Beсник "Вест", Година:1 Број:215 Сабота 3/24/2001
588:Mihaylov (second from the right) with other IMRO-
2033:
1487:
1450:
1206:Moll, Nicolas (2012). "Kampf gegen den Terror".
475:. He is still regarded as such in what is today
1932:"Спомени II – Освободителна борба 1919 – 1924"
1455:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 193.
1135:He is credited in English-language sources as
987:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
375:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
1942:"Спомени III – Освободителна борба 1924–1934"
1069:Mihaylov's view about the Macedonian question
431:, Mihaylov lived in Italy while the emigrant
27:Bulgarian revolutionary in interwar Macedonia
800:Italian- and German-occupied Greek Macedonia
2067:Bulgarian military personnel of World War I
1430:. Princeton University Press. p. 271.
1425:
443:report from 1953, which dubbed the MPO as "
272:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
1974:Unpublished Memoirs, Diaries and Materials
829:In August 1943, Ivan Mihaylov left Zagreb
770:, a fascist puppet-state. In 1941, during
621:(who had previously killed the right-wing
386:assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia
203:Secretary General to the President of IMRO
2072:Bulgarian collaborators with Nazi Germany
908:. These policies were reversed after the
819:Refusal to create a pro-Nazi Puppet State
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1579:
1552:
1525:
1498:
1028:of the Republic of Macedonia banned the
976:
926:
855:
741:
672:on the grave of Todor Alexandrov in 1933
659:
605:(who led the Ohrid uprising in 1913) in
583:
437:IMRO's goal of an independent Macedonia
14:
2034:
1371:https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2018-0037
1111:Mihaylov reconsidered his views on an
1050:is named after Ivan "Radko" Mihaylov.
851:
956:supported his pro-Bulgarian and anti-
766:, which at that time was part of the
579:
1100:. According to Macedonian historian
564:. Here he began studying law at the
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
34:. For the Bulgarian footballer, see
1115:. He claimed in 1979 in Rome, that
24:
1964:, Interview with Ivan Mihaylov in
1753:Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica:
1145:Macedonian transliteration schemes
633:in 1924 by Mihaylov's future wife
25:
2118:
1915:
981:Ivan Mihaylov's monument in Sofia
945:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
433:Macedonian Patriotic Organization
388:, in collaboration with Croatian
700:and the French Foreign Minister
309:
160:
45:
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1359:
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1339:
1320:
1303:
708:in 1934, in collaboration with
457:I am a Bulgarian from Macedonia
392:. He actively cooperated with
56:needs additional citations for
1962:"The Conspirator Rediscovered"
1720:Makedonska enciklopedija: M-Š
1286:
1269:
1251:
1234:
1213:
1210:(in German). No. 6. pp. 72–77.
1200:
1182:
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1129:
1057:and Minister for Culture, Ms.
754:After 1934, Mihaylov lived in
737:
499:
13:
1:
2082:20th-century Bulgarian people
1162:
714:Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934
617:was killed in Sofia in 1922,
439:. This was acknowledged by a
30:For the Bulgarian boxer, see
2087:Bulgarian emigrants to Italy
1586:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1580:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1559:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1553:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1532:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1526:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1505:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
1499:Schubert, Gabriella (2005).
1059:Elizabeta Kancheska-Milevska
954:Committee for State Security
892:were also persecuted by the
825:Independent Macedonia (1944)
768:Independent State of Croatia
716:. In 1934, Mihaylov fled to
494:
463:" Mihaylov was considered a
214:1928 (alone) – 1934
7:
1908:. www.strumski.com, p. 3-4.
906:Balkan Communist Federation
522:Bulgarian Men's High School
512:, North Macedonia), in the
373:and the last leader of the
10:
2123:
2052:People from Kosovo vilayet
1885:. Routledge. p. 185.
1881:Alexis Heraclides (2020).
1072:
936:graveyard of Grottaferrata
902:Balkan Federative Republic
822:
520:. Mihaylov studied at the
36:Ivan Mihaylov (footballer)
29:
2092:Bulgarian anti-communists
2077:Bulgarian revolutionaries
2024:Ivan Mihaylov's biography
2014:27 September 2007 at the
1998:27 September 2007 at the
1980:27 September 2007 at the
1451:Michael Palairet (2016).
1107:It seems that during the
972:
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445:the US branch of the IMRO
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931:Mihaylov's grave in the
664:Ivan Mihaylov, his wife
1708:16 October 2005 at the
2102:Bulgarian nationalists
1044:South Shetland Islands
982:
939:
861:
751:
673:
629:) was assassinated in
593:
340:Иван Михајлов Гаврилов
332:Иван Михайлов Гаврилов
324:Ivan Mihaylov Gavrilov
2057:Macedonian Bulgarians
1922:"Спомени I – Младини"
1385:. BTA. 20 April 2022.
1332:25 April 2019 at the
1113:independent Macedonia
1073:Further information:
1013:and Greece after the
980:
930:
904:under control of the
859:
803:and education in the
745:
663:
643:Aleksandar Protogerov
587:
548:, he enlisted in the
453:breakup of Yugoslavia
422:Independent Macedonia
382:Bulgarian nationalism
32:Ivan Mihailov (boxer)
2107:Bulgarian memoirists
1992:Quo Vadis, Bulgaria?
1829:"Vida_Boeva_Broj_26"
1481:20 July 2006 at the
1426:Keith Brown (2003).
1397:BIRN, April 21, 2022
1098:San Stefano Bulgaria
1026:Constitutional court
653:, and especially in
508:(today a quarter of
473:Communist Yugoslavia
65:improve this article
1772:on 26 December 2014
1646:on 18 February 2012
1075:Macedonian question
950:Macedonian question
882:Macedonian language
852:During the Cold War
784:annexed by Bulgaria
596:On 31 August 1924,
554:occupied the region
481:Yugoslav Macedonian
1856:"Forum Publishing"
1835:on 14 October 2007
999:Macedonian Tribune
983:
940:
862:
752:
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594:
580:Leader of the IMRO
485:Communist Bulgaria
1966:Storia Illustrata
1862:on 2 January 2008
1808:on 6 October 2011
1082:United Macedonian
1030:Radko Association
910:Tito–Stalin split
846:Sicherheitsdienst
835:Sicherheitsdienst
798:Slav-speakers in
794:, which included
666:Mencha Karnicheva
598:Todor Aleksandrov
574:Todor Aleksandrov
542:Kingdom of Serbia
530:Second Balkan War
449:fall of communism
366:revolutionary in
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732:Second World War
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635:Mencha Karnichiu
566:Sofia University
396:powers, such as
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1063:Novo Selo, Štip
1055:Nikola Gruevski
1022:North Macedonia
1015:First World War
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922:Greek Civil War
898:Josip Broz Tito
874:Pirin Macedonia
866:Georgi Dimitrov
854:
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690:Ustaše movement
682:Pirin Macedonia
639:Dimo Hadjidimov
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746:Mihaylov with
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615:Gjorche Petrov
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560:, settling in
550:Bulgarian Army
540:, then in the
518:Ottoman Empire
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627:Ivan Garvanov
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619:Todor Panitsa
616:
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609:. During the
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121:December 2013
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76:Find sources:
70:
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54:This article
52:
48:
43:
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37:
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19:
18:Ivan Mihaylov
1991:
1973:
1965:
1901:
1882:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:the original
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:the original
1795:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:the original
1760:
1755:Radko Knoll.
1748:
1737:
1716:
1698:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
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1648:. Retrieved
1641:the original
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1117:SR Macedonia
1106:
1093:
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1007:
998:
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958:Macedonistic
941:
914:Soviet Union
890:Mihaylovists
889:
870:World War II
863:
828:
772:World War II
753:
750:during WWII.
748:Ante Pavelic
710:Ante Pavelić
677:
675:
670:Marko Doshen
595:
526:Thessaloniki
503:
489:
468:
467:traitor and
465:Bulgarophile
460:
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418:Nazi Germany
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256:(1990-09-05)
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63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2047:1990 deaths
2042:1896 births
1866:30 December
1839:28 December
1812:14 November
1776:26 December
1650:29 December
1094:grecophiles
1090:serbophiles
1085:multiethnic
1036:Radko Knoll
1003:Macedonians
815:districts.
738:1934 – 1944
680:control of
500:Early years
427:During the
192:Preceded by
2036:Categories
1612:3486580507
1583:Makedonien
1556:Makedonien
1529:Makedonien
1502:Makedonien
1414:9545090472
1315:3412507571
1298:0191528722
1281:1443888494
1264:019985856X
1246:0313384479
1229:081794883X
1195:9004261915
1163:References
1048:Antarctica
991:Fort Wayne
878:Macedonian
876:as ethnic
774:, most of
694:Yugoslavia
590:comitadjis
536:school in
394:revanchist
356:Macedonian
336:Macedonian
298:Profession
290:Occupation
279:Alma mater
234:1896-08-26
91:newspapers
1732:, p. 971.
1677:13 August
1614:, S. 234.
1141:Bulgarian
918:Ohranists
886:Militsiya
831:incognito
796:Bulgarian
723:Macedonia
706:Marseille
676:IMRO had
592:ca. 1924.
506:Novo Selo
495:Biography
398:Mussolini
377:(IMRO).
371:Macedonia
364:Bulgarian
362:), was a
348:Bulgarian
328:Bulgarian
306:Signature
268:Education
241:Novo Selo
210:In office
182:In office
2012:Archived
2009:Articles
1996:Archived
1978:Archived
1706:Archived
1479:Archived
1330:Archived
1153:Mihajlov
1149:Mihaylov
1137:Mihailov
1109:Cold War
966:Bulgaria
894:Belgrade
809:Kastoria
727:Yugoslav
678:de facto
558:Bulgaria
552:, which
451:and the
429:Cold War
368:interwar
1042:in the
995:Indiana
938:, Italy
805:Florina
572:leader
534:Serbian
516:of the
469:fascist
459:" and "
410:Hungary
263:, Italy
105:scholar
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813:Edessa
792:Ohrana
764:Zagreb
760:Poland
756:Turkey
718:Turkey
651:Aegean
631:Vienna
538:Skopje
414:Hitler
390:Ustaše
301:Lawyer
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
1644:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
1123:Notes
782:were
647:Zveno
607:Milan
562:Sofia
112:JSTOR
98:books
1887:ISBN
1868:2007
1841:2007
1814:2011
1778:2014
1726:ISBN
1679:2008
1652:2007
1608:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1507:ISBN
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