Charles XIV John - Knowledge

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complained to Napoleon for having, in violation of all military rules, ordered Dupas to act independently of his command, and for having thereby caused great loss of life to the Saxons, and tendered his resignation. Napoleon accepted after he had become aware of an order of the day issued by Bernadotte in which he gave the Saxons credit for their courage in terms inconsistent with the emperor's official bulletin. Accounts of Bernadotte's role at Wagram are contradictory. While it is true that IX Corps broke on 6 July, as did other French formations, they later rallied and played a part in the victory. Moreover, Bernadotte fought with exceptional personal courage, at the head of his troops, and narrowly avoided death when attacked by Austrian cavalry. It is likely that IX Corps' poor performance would have been forgotten, and Bernadotte would have retained his command, had he never published the controversial Order of the Day. His praise for the Saxons, as well as his mild and courteous treatment of them while under his command, was never forgotten by the Saxon officers and this would later have disastrous consequences for the French when a whole Saxon division defected to Bernadotte's Army of the North during a key moment of the

1231: 49: 990: 7148: 1207:, he left Bernadotte not far from Paris with an army. In his farewell note to Bernadotte on his way to Italy, Napoleon wrote: "I am going to fling myself once more into the hazards of war. We do not know how it may turn out. If I fall, you will find yourself with 40,000 men at the gates of Paris. In your hands will be the fate of the Republic." As Bernadotte was brother-in-law to Joseph and close friends with his other brothers and sisters, Napoleon is thought to have been considering the welfare of his family in the possible event of his death on the battlefield, as well as the future of the country, by leaving his erstwhile rival in a position to seize the reins of government as, of his former rivals, only Bernadotte had the political and military skill and popularity to maintain the Republic. 1702: 1143: 2599: 13263: 2012: 1988: 1829:

occur on the Crown Prince's birthday, and ordered Charles John's old rival Marshal Davout to execute the operation, as a personal insult, adding another dimension of personal enmity to the incident. As a result, the initially amicable relationship which Charles John had with Napoleon, following his election as Crown Prince, soon changed because of the invasion. The invasion was a clear violation of international law as well as an act of war and public opinion in Sweden was outraged. Moreover, it antagonized the pro-French faction at the Swedish court. Thereafter, the Crown Prince declared the neutrality of Sweden and opened negotiations with the UK and Russia.

1980: 394: 2059: 2588: 13198: 13130: 1575: 8734: 1405:, the city became the target of large-scale looting and rampage by the French soldiers. Bernadotte, struggling desperately to prevent his men from sacking the city, was given six horses from the Council of Lübeck as a token of their appreciation. He also treated with courtesy 1600 Swedish prisoners, under the command of Colonel Count Gustaf Mörner, and allowed them to return to their home country. The impressed Swedes went home with a tale of Bernadotte's fairness in maintaining order within the city. Count Mörner would later play a prominent role in the election of Bernadotte as Crown Prince of Sweden. 2576: 1726:“I have beheld war near at hand, and I know all its evils: for it is not conquest which can console a country for the blood of her children, spilt on a foreign land. I have seen the mighty Emperor of the French, so often crowned with the laurel of victory, surrounded by his invincible armies, sigh after the olive-branches of peace. Yes, Gentlemen, peace is the only glorious aim of a sage and enlightened government: it is not the extent of a state which constitutes its strength and independence; it is its laws, its commerce, its industry, and above all, its national spirit.” 1487:

the Spanish Crown. Joseph Bonaparte, Bernadotte's friend and brother-in-law, was chosen instead. It was not the first, or last time, that Napoleon thought of placing Bernadotte on a foreign throne. Indeed, Napoleon on several occasions, both during his days as First Consul and then as Emperor, thought of naming Bernadotte (Napoleon also considered Murat) as his successor by adoption. Despite their rivalry, Napoleon thought Bernadotte alone had the popularity, administrative and military skill to safeguard the Empire he had built. The birth of the

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and brigandage that many of his fellow marshals engaged in. As a consequence, his table fare was considered poor by his brother marshals and while others dined on fine service and employed chefs, he habitually used his own money to pay for food for his troops, and to give money awards to those who merited recognition. He held his troops to the same high standard; he punished looting and rape severely, and was known to intervene with his sword drawn against those engaged in pillaging, as was the case following the capture of Lübeck.

2142: 1428: 12662: 8879: 15120: 1635:(nephew of Count Gustav Mörner, the commander of the Swedish force captured by Bernadotte at Lübeck), who, entirely on his own initiative, offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Bernadotte. Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon who at first treated the situation as an absurdity, but later came around to the idea and while adopting a public attitude of indifference, quietly lent support to Bernadotte's candidacy both financially and diplomatically. 2075: 1841:. The treaty stipulated that Sweden would land an army of no less than 25,000 on the continent for the express purpose of fighting France, as well as liberating Swedish Pomerania, and in exchange, Russia and the UK would diplomatically and militarily support the cession of Norway from the doggedly French-allied Denmark to Sweden. Throughout summer and fall 1812, Bernadotte sought to add more allies to the Coalition, and negotiated a treaty with the Spanish 1253:. In this capacity, as well as during his later command of the army of northern Germany, he created for himself a reputation for independence, incorruptibility, moderation, and administrative ability. Bernadotte's rule was popular, and despite the exactions taken from the populace as part of Napoleon's policy of making occupations pay for themselves, Hanover's economy prospered. Bernadotte extended his protection, and made private contributions to, 1502:. Further difficulties with Berthier, and a saddling with ill-prepared Saxons, combined with an illness, compelled Bernadotte to beg for release from service. Bernadotte wrote to Napoleon that "I see my efforts perpetually paralyzed by a hidden force over which I can not prevail." Napoleon disregarded these appeals and Bernadotte proceeded with the campaign, commanding mostly foreign troops with few French troops under his command. At the 5463: 13228: 1675:, anticipating conflict with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier. Also, Bernadotte was personally popular, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners in Lübeck and his reputation as the well-liked governor of the Hanseatic Cities from 1807 to 1809; as many Swedish merchants had operated under his auspices. Finally, Bernadotte had no qualms about converting to Lutheranism, recalling the conversion of 13173: 879: 922:. The family name was originally du Poey (or de Pouey), but was changed to Bernadotte – a surname of an ancestress at the beginning of the 17th century. He was the youngest of five siblings, two of whom died in childhood. Soon after his birth, Baptiste was added to his name, to distinguish him from his elder brother Jean Évangeliste. Bernadotte himself added Jules to his first names as a tribute to the 1475:. Pursuant to the projected invasion of Sweden, and by virtue of Denmark becoming an ally of France in 1808, Bernadotte found himself de facto head of a French occupation of Denmark. He maintained strict discipline of his troops and his good treatment of the Danes made him popular with the populace and Danish Royal Family. Upon his departure from Denmark he was one of few Frenchmen of the period to be awarded the 5600: 1420:, passed over to the offensive and attempted to destroy Bernadotte's and Ney's isolated Corps. Napoleon, having received word of the Russian offensive, gave word to Bernadotte to retreat West as to draw the Russians toward him so that Napoleon could then cut-off and surround the Russians. Bernadotte moved West as ordered, pursued by Bennigsen where he defeated the numerically superior Russian vanguard at 1011:, came to the fore. Of the latter, Bernadotte was gifted in his ability to inspire his men to prodigious feats of valor. He has been compared by historians to fellow Gascon, D'Artagnan. One of his biographers asserts that Dumas used Bernadotte as the model for his D'Artagnan. As Colonel and commander of the 71st Demi-Brigade, Bernadotte rallied his men, who were retreating in disorder before an 1385:(17 October 1806), though Imperial Headquarters did not much appreciate this victory. When visiting Halle after the battle, and commenting on the degree of difficulty of storming a fortified position accessible only by a single bridge, Napoleon enigmatically commented "Bernadotte stops at nothing. Someday the Gascon will get caught." Subsequently, Bernadotte pursued, conjointly with Soult and 2067:

the Kingdom was so increased that the inhabitants of Sweden alone became equal in number to those of Sweden and Finland before the latter province was torn from the former, the national debt was paid off, a civil and a penal code were proposed for promulgation, education was promoted, agriculture, commerce, and manufactures prospered, and the means of internal communication were increased.

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Prince was aware of its difficulty for reasons of the desperate situation of the state finance and the reluctance of the Finnish people to return to Sweden. Even if Finland was regained, he thought, it would put Sweden into a new cycle of conflicts with a powerful neighbor because there was no guarantee Russia would accept the loss as final. Therefore, he made up his mind to make a united

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rapidly brought the defenses of Antwerp to a high order of readiness. With Antwerp bristling with cannon and numerous defenders, and with the Army of Antwerp whipped into fighting shape, the British, vexed by poor leadership and with half the army immobilized with fever thanks to the insalubrious islands upon which they were quartered, realized that it was no longer possible to close the

2090:, more power than any legislature in Europe. While Charles John had the power of absolute veto in Sweden, he only had a suspensive veto in Norway. He demanded that the Storting give him the power of absolute veto, but was forced to back down. Charles John's difficult relationship with Norway was also demonstrated by the Storting's unwillingness to grant funds for the construction of a 2036:"Separated as we are from the rest of Europe, our policy, as well as our interest, will make us carefully abstain from mixing in any discussion foreign to the two people of Scandinavia; but my duty and your dignity will always be the rule of our conduct, and both one and the other prescribe to us never to permit interference in our internal affairs." 2166:"Nobody has had a career in life like mine. I could perhaps have been able to agree to become Napoleon’s ally: but when he attacked the country that had placed its fate in my hands, he could find in me no other than an opponent. The events that shook Europe and that gave her back her freedom are known. It is also known which part I played in that." 1967:, advocated placing Charles John on the French throne in place of Napoleon. He would rule France as a Constitutional Monarch and leave Oscar as Regent in Sweden and Norway. Ultimately the British and Austrians vetoed the idea, and the Allies agreed that if Napoleon were to be deposed, the only acceptable alternative was the restoration of the 1558:, or take Antwerp, and they withdrew their forces. In a proclamation issued to his troops at Antwerp he made an implied charge against Napoleon of having neglected to prepare the proper means of defense for the Belgian coast. A displeased Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command of his ad hoc army, and ordered his return to Paris to leave for 1369:, was still in the midst of crossing the bridge well after nightfall, making it unlikely that Bernadotte could have intervened at Auerstädt in any event. He later was accused of deliberately refusing to support Davout, who had unexpectedly encountered the Prussian main army at Auerstädt, out of jealousy, and Napoleon, if reminiscences from 1772:, in part to the failure of several of Gustav IV Adolf's well intentioned economic reforms (Gustav IV Adolf was rather more successful in his agrarian reforms) and the costs of the more recent wars against France and Russia. Under Gustav IV Adolf genuine attempts at economic reform, including paying down the national debt by some 700,000 1780:

disastrous (and expensive) wars against France and Russia. The cost of years of war, several poor harvests in the years between 1798 and 1809, the ineptitude of his ministers in carrying out fiscal reforms, and the loss of the tax base of Finland had ballooned Sweden's national debt. The impending demands of Napoleon to adhere to the

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expansionism resulting in uninterrupted wars with neighboring countries for centuries, and he successfully kept his kingdoms in a state of peace from 1814 until his death. He was especially concerned about the conflict between the UK and Russia. In 1834, when the relationship between the two countries strained regarding the

1631:, a prerequisite for accepting the Swedish offer. Moreover, none of Napoleon's brothers were interested in going to Sweden and his nephews were too young, as the Swedes did not want the hazards of minority rule in the event King Charles died prematurely. The matter was decided by an obscure Swedish courtier, Baron 1004:, his eminent military qualities brought him speedy promotion. Bernadotte's promotions came both from the esteem of his commanders as well as from his men; having been elected to the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel by his men, though he refused both nominations in favor of traditional advancement. 2665:

image and text for the skin of a king. This play was so popular that the idea that King Charles XIV John had a tattoo reading "Death to kings" is often repeated as fact, although there is no basis to it. For reasons of discretion, he publicly proclaimed himself in 1797 "a Republican both by principle

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On the other hand, radical in his youth, his views had veered steadily rightward over the years, and by the time he ascended the throne he was an ultra-conservative. His autocratic methods, particularly his censorship of the press, were very unpopular, especially after 1823. His dynasty faced little

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on 19 October. His fresh troops, reinforced by 30,000 Prussians, joined the fray against the already battered French lines where Swedish forces entered battle in numbers for the first time in the campaign. At a critical moment entire Saxon regiments went over to his army in response to a proclamation

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by the King. Several factors benefitted Bernadotte's election. Being foreign was, although problematic, also to his favour due to geopolitical factors and the internal situation at the time. One benefit was his (presumed) close ties to French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom a relationship would

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occurred, an event that triggered the Peninsular War that would play so large a role in Napoleon's defeat. For a time Napoleon considered the notion of placing Bernadotte on the Spanish throne; going so far as to hint at it in a letter to him. Bernadotte made it known to Napoleon that he did not want

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may be believed, once intended to put Bernadotte before a court-martial. In fact, he did what he had been ordered to do, and more fundamental responsibility for his absence rests upon the ambiguous and indirect orders issued by Berthier and Napoleon's unawareness of the Prussian position. Documentary

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His domestic policy particularly focused on promotion of economy and investment in social overhead capital, and the long peace since 1814 led to an increased prosperity for the country. During his long reign of 26 years (34 years if one counts his time as regent from 1810 to 1818), the population of

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who looted his baggage, of having extorted a large quantity of silver plate from minor German states. This claim is unsubstantiated and contrary to his reputation. He was known throughout the army for his probity and honesty in the conduct of his affairs on campaign and he refrained from the looting

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was swiftly won by Sweden under Charles John's generalship. The military operations in 1814 were to be Sweden's last war to this day. Charles John could have named his terms to Norway, but in a key concession accepted the Constitution of Norway and its own political autonomy. This paved the way for

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Before freeing Bernadotte from his allegiance to France, Napoleon asked him to agree never to take up arms against France. Bernadotte refused to make any such agreement, upon the ground that his obligations to Sweden would not allow it; Napoleon exclaimed "Go, and let our destinies be accomplished"

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was attached and which formed his reserve. Resting on the French Left, Bernadotte's corps was battered during the night but resisted the full fury of the Austrian attack facing superior numbers. At a critical moment he ordered Dupas forward to his support; the latter replied that he had orders from

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The political situation internally and externally for Sweden meant that selecting a foreign king was an attractive option. Sweden wanted to strengthen its relationship with Napoleon for militaristic reasons and so sought to select a king who would be able to attract Napoleon's support. The Swedish

1448:(7 to 8 February 1807). Napoleon rebuked him for his absence but it became acknowledged that it was not due to Bernadotte, but Berthier's carelessness in dispatching the orderly. The Russians resumed the offensive that summer and Bernadotte was attacked by, and defeated, a strong Prussian Corps at 1828:

and Swedish Pomerania was closing an entrepôt for illegal British goods. Napoleon, before marching to Moscow, also had to secure his rear and dared not allow a Swedish continental foothold behind him as he did not trust Charles John. Charles John believed that Napoleon scheduled the occupation to

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Such measures were undermined by his other policies. Gustav IV Adolf's personal dislike of the Riksdag, which had the power to raise taxes, led to his refusal to call them into session after 1800, crippling his attempts to raise state revenues. Gustav IV Adolf's foreign policy plunged Sweden into

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Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung über die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt, und nächstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen

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The keynote of his foreign and domestic policy was maintenance of Swedish independence of action, often in the face of French demands, and the acquisition of Norway as a compensation for the loss of Finland. Many Swedes expected him to reconquer Finland, which had been ceded to Russia. The Crown

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forecasted even greater difficulties. Charles John immediately began making reforms, and used his sizable fortune, accrued honestly during his time as French Marshal, to pay off much of the debt, and to stabilize the economy by both grants and via a loan to the state of £300,000 sterling at five

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under divided command. He re-organized and trained his forces, named by the Emperor as the Army of Antwerp, by instilling discipline in old soldiers too long at the depots and teaching raw conscripts their trade. Everywhere he instilled a fighting spirit, making an army out of a mob, and thus he

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Soon after Charles John's arrival in Sweden, Napoleon compelled him to accede to the Continental System and declare war against Great Britain; otherwise, Sweden would have to face the determination of France, Denmark and Russia. This demand would mean a hard blow to the national economy and the

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as Bernadotte attempted to rally his men, where he encountered Napoleon. IX Corps rallied and played a further role in the battle. Rumors that Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command on the spot at Raasdorf have long been the stuff of legend, but are not verified. After the battle, Bernadotte

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and after liberating Bremen and Lübeck from the French in late November 1813, Charles John invaded Denmark, aiming to knock Napoleon's last major ally out of the war to secure the Coalition's northern flank in preparation for the invasion of France in 1814 and to secure Norway for Sweden, as

1741:"My dear Suremain, I have gambled heavily, and I believe that after all I have won." He also made himself well liked by Queen Charlotte, who regarded him a "gentleman in every sense of the word", and established a net of contact within the Swedish aristocracy, befriending in particular the 2046:

The foreign policy applied by Charles John in the post-Napoleonic era was characterized by the maintenance of balance between the Great Powers and non-involvement into conflicts that took place outside of the Scandinavian peninsula. It made a sharp contrast with Sweden's previous hegemonic

1218:. In accepting the position, Bernadotte requested additional soldiers, settlers, and funding to support the colony, but Napoleon refused. In response, Bernadotte, declined the posting and instead was named plenipotentiary ambassador to the United States. His posting was cancelled after the 1015:

attack, by tearing off his epaulettes, throwing them to the ground before his men and shouting “If you dishonor yourselves by flight, I refuse to remain your colonel!” Soldiers left the ranks, gathered his epaulettes, pressed them into his hands, formed ranks and reformed the line and

1805:) from Denmark and uniting her to Sweden. He tried to divert public opinion from Finland to Norway, by arguing that to create a compact peninsula, with sea for its natural boundary, was to inaugurate an era of peace, and that waging war with Russia would lead to ruinous consequences. 1736:

The new Crown Prince was very soon the most popular and most powerful man in Sweden and quickly impressed his adoptive father. Following his first meeting with his new heir, Charles XIII (who had initially opposed Bernadotte's candidacy) remarked to his aide-de-camp count

1108:, Napoleon ordered his generals to collect from their respective divisions' addresses in favor of the coup d'état of that day; but Bernadotte sent an address to the Directory different from that which Napoleon wished for and without conveying it through Napoleon's hands. 1712:

On 2 November 1810 Bernadotte made his solemn entry into Stockholm, and on 5 November he received the homage of the Riksdag of the Estates, and he was adopted by King Charles XIII under the name of "Charles John" (Karl Johan). At the same time, he converted from

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In 1812, he allied Sweden with its traditional enemy Russia, and sought to make peace with the United Kingdom with whom Sweden was technically at war. Charles John's personal diplomacy served as the bridge between Russia and the UK as on 18 July 1812 the

1467:, where he once again proved his administrative and diplomatic abilities and was well-liked. He was to direct the expedition against Sweden, via the Danish islands, but the plan came to naught because of the want of transports and the defection of the 1123:, one of five directors, was cautious that Napoleon would overturn the Republic, so he appointed Bernadotte commander-in-chief of the Army of Italy in order to offset Napoleon's power. Bernadotte was pleased with this appointment but Napoleon lobbied 1034:

Bernadotte played key roles throughout the next 18 months during the three French invasions into Germany; often employed in the place of honor during offensives leading the vanguard, and in retreat as a defensive specialist commanding the rearguard.

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Due to the capture of a courier carrying the Emperor's latest orders, Bernadotte was not informed of a change of strategy to move East toward the rest of the French Army. As a consequence, Bernadotte's I Corps was too far away to take part in the

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On 26 January 1844, his 81st birthday, Charles John was found unconscious in his chambers having suffered a stroke. While he regained consciousness, he never fully recovered and died on the afternoon of 8 March. On his deathbed, he was heard to

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at Jena, sent orders to Davout, through Marshal Berthier, Davout relayed the order to Bernadotte at 0400 on 14 October with the order stating: "If the Prince of Ponte Corvo is with you, you may both march together, but the Emperor hopes that

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and signed the act of emancipation unconditionally. Many were also optimistic that Sweden would recover Finland under Charles John. The Swedish crown prince even unsuccessfully sought Napoleon's support to assist Sweden in conquering Norway.

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percent interest. Charles John also purchased back from the French private estates that had been confiscated during the occupation of Swedish Pomerania from 1808 to 1810 and returned them to their original Swedish and German owners.

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evidence supports Bernadotte's assertion that he was ordered to Dornberg as no orders from Napoleon to Bernadotte to march with Davout were ever found in French Imperial Archives while Berthier's order of 14 October were confirmed.

1346:." This was in accordance with Bernadotte's last set of written orders from 12 October which ordered him and Davout to get across the Prussian line of retreat. In pursuance of these orders, Bernadotte, separately from Davout, left 2102:, construct a simpler palace. This was seen by many as a protest against unnecessary spending and the king's authority. The palace itself was not completed until 1849, long after the death of Charles John, and was inaugurated by 1622:

that Eugène was "gentle and good," "but he does not seem to be a man of strong character; and, although he had had great opportunities, he does not appear to have developed any distinguishing talents." Also, Eugène, serving as

823:, the war-winning Allied campaign plan, and commanded the Allied Army of the North that defeated two concerted French attempts to capture Berlin and made the decisive attack on the last day of the catastrophic French defeat at 1515:

against Napoleon's orders. On the second day of battle, 6 July 1809, IX Corps, having been mauled the night before, wherein Bernadotte struggled to rally his demoralized Saxons, was attacked by two Austrian corps, as part of

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in February 1800. In April 1800, despite his republican sympathies, Bernadotte was offered, and freely accepted, from April 1800 to 18 August 1801, the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the West in the rebellious

1764:, entirely in his hands. Amongst the first of Charles John's acts as Crown Prince was to address the dire state of the Swedish economy. The Swedish economy was in shambles after years of mismanagement since the reign of 1857:

with Russia, and then a separate peace treaty with Sweden, on the basis of Prussian recognition of the Norwegian cession to Sweden, in exchange for Swedish Pomerania, thus formally joining the Coalition in spring 1813.

1900:. Bernadotte's Army of the North would continue to guard Berlin and keep watch on Davout's forces in Hamburg while the Allies, in accordance with the plan conceived at Trachenberg, maneuvered toward Napoleon's army at 2030:

Upon Charles's death on 5 February 1818, Charles John ascended the throne. He was initially popular in both countries. The democratic process and forces steadily matured under the King's restrained executive power.

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effort to break the French line. This time Bernadotte's depleted forces – he had only 6,000 infantry left – broke and fled (Bernadotte's Corps was not the only one to break that day,

14481: 15000: 14350: 1162:'s sister-in-law. In November of the same year he was made commander of the army of observation on the upper Rhine. Although solicited to do so by Barras and Joseph Bonaparte, he did not take part in 1607: 4676: 11664: 13327: 5394: 1813:

against the UK, which was treated by both countries as merely nominal, although Swedish imports of British goods decreased from £4,871 million in 1810 to £523 million in the following year.

14657: 1456:, where he was nearly killed when a spent ball struck him in the neck. Due to this near fatal wound, Bernadotte was invalided to the rear and missed the remainder of the Polish Campaign. 1042:(1796), where the Austrians outnumbered the French three to one, Bernadotte's rear-guard successfully repulsed numerous attacks while inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, preventing the 1849:

to break off relations with Sweden, Charles John corresponded with the King of Prussia, encouraging him to renounce the forced alliance with France and join the Coalition. Following the

15201: 1594:. The problem of Charles's successor had been acute almost from the time he had ascended the throne a year earlier. He was 61 years old and in poor health. He was also childless; Queen 1203:

where he successfully restored its tranquility. This was seen as an appointment of trust as while Napoleon embarked on his summer Italian Campaign, where he ultimately prevailed at the

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head of state upon his arrival, and took an increasing role in government from 1812 onward, with Charles XIII reduced to a mute witness in government councils following a stroke.

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had given birth to two children who had died in infancy, and there was no prospect of her bearing another child. Soon after his coronation, the king had adopted a Danish prince,

6407: 1315:, and contributed to defeating the attempt of the right wing of the allies to outflank the French army. As a reward for his services at Austerlitz, he became the 1st Sovereign 15266: 15296: 14652: 8710: 1362:, he could not engage in the Battle of Jena, though he effectively compelled the Prussians to retreat from both battlefields by posting his troops on the heights of Apolda. 1194:, Napoleon was resolved to win over the "Obstacle Man" and showered him with honors. Napoleon acknowledged Bernadotte's administrative ability and influence by naming him a 2629:("The Bedfellow") depicts Bernadotte as King of Sweden; an old grenadier claims that, as a young man, Bernadotte received a tattoo of a scandalous republican motto: either 1354:, which he reached by 16:00. Hampered by the very poor state of the roads, and a steep defile within which Dornburg is situated and the narrow bridge which passes over the 15226: 14986: 15064: 15196: 870:

Upon the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John ascended to the thrones. He presided over a period of peace and prosperity, and reigned until his death in 1844.

15211: 15044: 14012: 7147: 4758: 15301: 14906: 4849: 1031:(26 June 1794), where he distinguished himself with a decisive attack and seizure of key terrain that led to the Austrian retreat, he became a divisional general. 15236: 15049: 14806: 4540: 2133:, which was celebrated with great enthusiasm on 18 February 1843. He reigned as King of Sweden and Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844. 1230: 15261: 14698: 12893: 11235: 6200: 1955:

During the period of the Allied invasion of France in the winter and spring of 1814, when it was unclear who would rule France after the war, the Russian Tsar

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court initially sounded out the emperor for his preferences on candidates for crown prince, whereupon Napoleon made it clear he preferred his adopted stepson

15099: 1646:, at once placed him under arrest on his return to Sweden, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favour and on 21 August 1810 he was elected by the 14667: 13267: 4786: 1667:

provide military backing as the intention at the time was to reacquire Finland. The current King, Charles XIII, viewed Napoleon in a more positive way than

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put an end to Napoleon's need for an heir. Ironically, Bernadotte eventually wore a crown, not through the auspices of Napoleon, but as an enemy of France.

15271: 14057: 9233: 2233: 15276: 15156: 14672: 14289: 11379: 2546: 1618:, or one of his nephews or brothers. The Swedish envoys did not accept Eugène as a candidate. Baron Lagerbielke, the Swedish envoy in Paris, reported to 1135:

instead. Bernadotte was very dissatisfied; he finally accepted the post in Vienna, but had to quit owing to the disturbances caused by his hoisting the

15311: 13679: 12580: 12535: 12442: 12389: 12320: 12190: 12164: 12081: 11978: 11905: 860: 2098:. The construction began in 1825, but the Storting halted the funding after the costly foundation was laid and demanded that the appointed architect, 1272:

attached to his command; some 65,000 men or 1/4th of the Army. Bernadotte was also tasked with assuring France's newest ally, the Elector of Bavaria,

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the emperor to remain where he was. Having been badly mauled, and fully exposed ahead of the main French line, IX Corps withdrew from the village of

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released a week prior in which Bernadotte invited the Saxons to join their old commander in defeating Napoleon. The Army of the North committed the

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formally ended the wars between Britain and Sweden and Britain and Russia and formed an alliance between Russia, Britain, and Sweden; creating the

1128: 970: 14431: 1869:(21 May 1813), it was the Swedish Crown Prince who put fresh fighting spirit into the Allies; and at the conference of Trachenberg he drew up the 1768:

and aggravated during the reign of his son Gustav IV Adolf. The economic turmoil had been caused, in part, by the debts accrued from Gustav III's

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After the Battle of Jena, Bernadotte crushed the Prussian Reserve Army, all fresh troops fortified behind a marsh and the River Saale, under Duke

13275: 11114: 11087: 4825: 4814: 1549:. Bernadotte took command of a chaotic situation wherein troops from all over the Empire and its vassal states, and raw conscripts, were sent to 15286: 15109: 15104: 13068: 6446: 4081:

Barton, H. A. (1974). "Late Gustavian Autocracy in Sweden: Gustav IV Adolf and his Opponents, 1792–1809." Scandinavian Studies, 46(3), 265–284.

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on 12 October, taking some 3000 prisoners and 19 guns and installing Maximillian Joseph back onto his throne. I Corps then co-operated in the

1119:, but immediately after deprived him of half his division of the army of the Rhine, and commanded him to march the other half back to France. 15281: 15094: 15089: 5784: 5432:

Titeux, Eugene (1903). "Le Maréchal Bernadotte et la manoeuvre d'Jena (d'après les archives de la Guerre et les papiers du general Dupont)".

1257:, befriending many of the professors and other men of learning whom he often had over for dinner and employed to tutor himself and his wife. 1166:. From 2 July to 14 September he was Minister of War, in which capacity he displayed great ability. His popularity and contacts with radical 525: 13414: 4706: 4474: 15291: 15256: 15206: 13210: 10785: 8696: 7814: 7189: 7020: 4653: 4631: 3816: 14426: 13606: 13548: 13337: 11423: 6893: 6259: 1562:

and take command of the Army there. Refusing to comply with the order, he was summoned to Vienna, and after an interview with Napoleon at

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Hårdstedt, Martin (2016). "Decline and Consolidation: Sweden, the Napoleonic Wars and Geopolitical Restructuring in Northern Europe".

1760:

The infirmity of the old King and the dissensions in the Privy Council of Sweden placed the government, and especially the control of

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During the campaign of 1805, Bernadotte, with his army corps from Hanover formed into the I Corps, commanded the Left Wing of the

933:

At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a local attorney. Aged 17, his father's death dissuaded him from following in his career.

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The bronze equestrian statue of the King at the Royal Palace, Oslo, unveiled in 1875, is the largest bronze statue in Norway.

601: 14052: 13596: 13104: 11656: 14580: 13513: 12930: 12823: 11747: 10620: 5722: 5547:, 1930; condensed one-volume biography based on Barton's detailed 3 vol biography 1914–1925, which contained many documents 441: 14595: 12803: 8788: 5754: 199: 15246: 15161: 14027: 13982: 13155: 12307: 12068: 11323: 10710: 9152: 7029: 6303: 2702: 773: 13528: 13482: 10348: 6872: 6171: 4841: 4750: 14708: 14345: 14335: 13099: 12405: 12055: 10991: 9592: 9010: 7137: 6397: 5952: 5185: 4976: 4951: 4924: 4897: 3854: 3222: 1824:. Officially, the French claimed that Sweden had repeatedly violated the Continental System and that the occupation of 1810: 1701: 13724: 12935: 12910: 8853: 8843: 8481: 6536: 1142: 14544: 13719: 13060: 13021: 12567: 12198: 11228: 11179: 10910: 10905: 10890: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10730: 10705: 10333: 9162: 8376: 6569: 6335: 5777: 5422: 5357: 5274: 5213: 5074: 1769: 1517: 848: 809: 12768: 1007:

It was during this period of rapid advancement that the military qualities he became known for, daring assaults and

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and this started a long-lasting feud between Bernadotte and Berthier, who would become Napoleon's chief of staff.

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aroused antipathy of him in the government. On the morning of 13 September he found his resignation announced in

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head of state for most of his time as Crown Prince. In 1812, following the sudden unprovoked French invasion of

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against his own brother-in-law who was currently the French-backed King of Spain. Although Napoleon had forced

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and conviction" who would “to the moment of my death, oppose all Royalists and enemies to the Directory".

1793:, which was easier to defend, by taking Norway (intentionally without the ancient and remote provinces of 15079: 14850: 14647: 14626: 14365: 14144: 13769: 13664: 13543: 13523: 13434: 13363: 13185: 12683: 12450: 12143: 11996: 11484: 10121: 9823: 9557: 9511: 9506: 9279: 9223: 8938: 7800: 7175: 7006: 6325: 2838: 2428: 2269: 2226: 1987: 1359: 13967: 13819: 12833: 12728: 11966: 9435: 8798: 2071:

danger, as the Swedes and the Norwegians alike were proud of a monarch with a good European reputation.

1541:(July 1809) caused the French ministry in the absence of the emperor to entrust him with the defense of 1397:, where his troops stormed the Prussian defenses, taking the city and forcing Blücher's capitulation at 15251: 15191: 15186: 15181: 14616: 14279: 13834: 12813: 12037: 11986: 11918: 11818: 11602: 11511: 11298: 11137: 11067: 10878: 10760: 10494: 9899: 9783: 9486: 9218: 9040: 8966: 8952: 8931: 8667: 8661: 8467: 7198: 5683: 5620: 2739: 2509: 1917:

on the already depleted French and Bernadotte was the first of the Allied sovereigns to enter Leipzig.

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Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok. 9, 1812–1817, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1942

2616: 1904:. With the other Allied armies engaged in battle on 17 October, Bernadotte's army finally crossed the 1880:

Charles John, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army, successfully defended the approaches to

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for the benefit of France with whom he felt a kinship as both hailed from Pau, nor converting his son

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During the battle Bernadotte's personal wagon was captured by the Russians and he was accused, by the

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Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire: 1792–1814

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After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to

545: 14744: 14456: 14189: 13734: 13566: 13342: 12723: 10217: 9848: 9828: 9638: 9324: 9060: 7318: 1326:, Bernadotte was reproached by Napoleon for not participating with his army corps in the battles of 1177: 509: 14466: 14002: 13849: 13804: 13134: 13129: 12873: 12703: 12693: 12506: 12490: 12368: 12283: 12130: 12114: 12017: 11791: 11355: 10956: 10740: 10580: 10398: 10197: 10141: 10136: 10071: 10000: 9868: 9768: 9607: 9547: 9395: 8896: 8753: 8100: 7823: 7781: 7775: 7633: 7615: 7590: 7575: 7355: 6495: 5679: 4090:

Kent, Neil (2010). A Concise History of Sweden, pp. 149–150. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2378: 1932: 1866: 1746: 1078: 1028: 974: 852: 726: 15054: 14784: 14421: 13429: 10655: 10328: 9663: 2086:

He also faced challenges in Norway. The Norwegian constitution gave the Norwegian parliament, the

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in the first years of his active reign, and revitalizing the currency, met with limited success.

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Thereafter he marched to Poland in command of the French Left Wing, composed of his I Corps and

1210:

In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte proposed that Bernadotte head to New France to serve as governor of

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Olivier, Jean-Marc (2006). "Bernadotte revisité ou la complexité d'un long règne (1810–1844)".

2438: 2388: 2222: 1936: 1924:, defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. His efforts culminated in the favourable 1790: 1671:

had, who had held him in very ill regard. Another point in favour was that a large part of the

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The social construction of Swedish neutrality: Challenges to Swedish Identity and Sovereignty

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A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Désirée, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire,

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A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Desiree, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire

3936:"Napoleonic Marshals : Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : Napoleonic Wars : France" 3208:"Bernadotte, Bonaparte, and Louisiana: the last dream of a French Empire in North America" 2669:

Désirée Clary's relationships with Bonaparte and Bernadotte were the subject of the novel

1874: 1563: 1525:'s troops were also routed by the attack). The routed Saxons retreated in disorder toward 8: 14927: 14767: 14570: 14199: 14129: 13977: 13907: 13764: 13744: 13709: 13684: 13616: 13317: 12843: 12227: 12106: 11864: 11776: 11551: 11543: 11519: 11278: 11031: 10810: 10805: 10534: 10484: 10368: 10353: 10257: 10151: 10051: 9965: 9853: 9813: 9733: 9703: 9683: 9617: 9582: 9532: 9496: 9491: 9451: 9314: 9299: 9284: 9269: 9228: 9005: 8723: 8595: 8129: 8042: 7920: 7905: 7849: 7365: 7360: 7335: 6544: 5793: 5643: 5117: 5014: 4991: 3207: 2682: 2480: 2453: 2362: 2256: 2171: 2005: 1897: 1738: 1421: 1334:(14 October 1806). Napoleon, on the night of 13 October, thinking he had faced the whole 1242: 1188: 1158:

in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and

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Scripts of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution

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Speech of the King on the day of taking the oaths of allegiance and homage, 19 May 1818.

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Script of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution

5009: 2371: 2358: 2302: 2292: 2210: 2154: 2091: 2079: 2052: 1781: 1676: 1550: 1538: 1522: 1507: 1308: 1265: 1219: 1155: 1062: 762: 750: 721:, he exhibited great military talent, rapidly rising through the ranks, and was made a 683: 675: 576: 283: 14007: 13824: 13586: 13459: 13016: 12970: 11307: 9863: 9793: 9758: 9748: 8688: 8085: 7854: 3935: 2715:

that tells the life story of his wife (and Queen of Sweden and Norway) Désirée Clary.

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The defile was such an obstacle that Bernadotte's 3rd Infantry division, commanded by

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Wenker-Wildberg, Friedrich (1936). Bernadotte: A Biography, p. 272. Jarrolds, London.

3850: 3218: 2768: 2674: 2473: 2421: 2175: 2149: 2122: 2103: 2016: 1960: 1909: 1817: 1773: 1680: 1531: 1204: 1012: 1001: 994: 903: 824: 797: 722: 718: 714: 699: 436: 416: 308: 303: 270: 128: 103: 14958: 13794: 13493: 11783: 11683: 11630: 9884: 8105: 7831: 3808: 2141: 1008: 14932: 14773: 14396: 14304: 14164: 13957: 13952: 13942: 13674: 13601: 13538: 13508: 13280: 13250: 13145: 12848: 12623: 12360: 12344: 12299: 12235: 12206: 12001: 11880: 11763: 11728: 11270: 11221: 11214: 10951: 10635: 10474: 10373: 10358: 10207: 10156: 10076: 9985: 9940: 9889: 9803: 9688: 9597: 9587: 9481: 9420: 9182: 8510: 8052: 8023: 7976: 7943: 7939: 7878: 7440: 7412: 7288: 7258: 7252: 6836: 6643: 6270: 6112: 6048: 5994: 5946: 5375:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Librairie Historique et Nobilaire. pp. 81–82. 4496: 2260: 2214: 2192: 2111: 2048: 2000: 1968: 1870: 1503: 1499: 1464: 1249:, and from June 1804 to September 1805 served as governor of the recently occupied 1159: 1058: 1043: 820: 769: 758: 659: 324: 14682: 14083: 11186: 10725: 7915: 7910: 7429: 1176:

before he was aware that he had tendered it. This was a trick; played upon him by

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Kurtz, Harold. "Sergeant, Marshal and King: Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, 1763–1844"

4875:. Alabaster, Pasemore & Sons, Limited. 19 July 2018 – via Google Books. 4829: 4818: 4734: 4710: 4683: 4660: 4638: 3904: 2734: 2491: 1885: 1838: 1754: 1668: 1460: 1445: 1427: 1382: 801: 695: 550: 382: 13874: 11097: 6998: 5147:

The Triumph of Neutrality : Bernadotte and European Geopolitics (1810–1844)

4702:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" 2701:

Bernadotte is a primary supporting character in the historical fiction novel by

1643: 1506:(5 July 1809), he entered battle with his Saxon corps, to which the division of 1261: 1077:, Bernadotte was to arrest him for insubordination. Dupuy was a close friend of 14299: 14241: 14047: 13869: 13649: 13369: 13232: 13227: 13177: 13172: 12992: 12180: 11414: 11109: 11021: 11011: 10544: 10383: 10247: 10046: 9798: 9142: 9122: 9112: 9072: 8945: 8345: 8314: 8274: 7934: 7924: 7312: 5164: 2709: 2695: 2203: 2130: 2118: 1925: 1921: 1761: 1706: 1659: 1472: 1327: 1136: 962: 844: 812: 671: 667: 65: 9157: 5619: 2243:, a French military building located in Pau, was also named after him in 1875. 15135: 15084: 14411: 14313: 14284: 14154: 13972: 13749: 13591: 13487: 13379: 12940: 12883: 10585: 9289: 9147: 9077: 8828: 8422: 8341: 8310: 8270: 8241: 8224: 8047: 8037: 8028: 7981: 7900: 7864: 7521: 7242: 6532: 5496: 5482: 5469: 2687: 2322: 1802: 1386: 1335: 1296: 1269: 789: 642:

Ambassador to the Court of Vienna and the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary

586: 466: 13779: 8064: 5577:. "Bernadotte Revisited, or the Complexity of a Long Reign (1810–1844)", in 5491:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 931–932. 1873:, the general plan for the campaign which began after the expiration of the 1579: 1413: 1088:

and was appointed the commander of the 4th division. During the invasion of

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Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

2744: 2691: 2658: 2099: 1672: 1655: 1453: 1288: 911: 835:

stipulated in the several treaties that created the Sixth Coalition. After

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by 1794. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly

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Napoleon's Atlantic: The Impact of Napoleonic Empire in the Atlantic World

1319:(5 June 1806), a district in southern Italy formerly subject to the Pope. 945:

on 3 September 1780, and first served in the newly conquered territory of

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History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution Volume V

1853:, which broke the Prussian/French Alliance, Frederick Wilhelm signed the 1628: 1498:, he received the command of the 9th Corps, which was mainly composed of 1488: 1471:, which went back to Spain to fight against Napoleon at the start of the 1358:, that could pass but one artillery piece at a time according to General 1312: 1181: 1120: 1097: 754: 14272: 2074: 950: 847:

on 15 January 1814 that ceded Norway to Sweden, that in turn led to the

819:

together in alliance. He then played a major role in the writing of the

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Koht, Halvdan. "Bernadotte and Swedish-American Relations, 1810–1814,"

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His popularity decreased for a time in the 1830s, culminating in the

1825: 1794: 1619: 1559: 1307:(2 December 1805) he was posted with his corps in the center between 958: 915: 253: 11129: 2348:

of all Swedish orders of chivalry upon his accession to the throne.

1651: 1402: 1200: 800:, Crown Prince Charles John was instrumental in the creation of the 15039: 14814: 14260: 14255: 14194: 14073: 13947: 12713: 10575: 8630: 8625: 7749: 7706: 7456: 7107: 7100: 6831: 6805: 6141: 6042: 6024: 5911: 2087: 1610:

initially had the most support to become the Swedish Crown Prince.

1586:

In 1810, Bernadotte was about to enter his new post as governor of

1526: 1512: 1436: 1350:

at dawn on the morning of the 14th for Dornburg and marched toward

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Bernadotte as a Marshal of the Empire; copy of an 1804 portrait by

1214:, which was to be transferred back to French control following the 1167: 1115:, Napoleon gave Bernadotte a friendly visit at his headquarters at 965:. He reached the rank of sergeant in August 1785 and was nicknamed 954: 914:, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809), niece of the 730: 375: 11257: 8888: 6487: 5468:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3870: 3549: 2594:

according to the armorial of Knights of the order of the Seraphim

1821: 1482:

During Bernadotte's time as governor of the Hanseatic cities, the

1412:'s VI Corps. Left unsupported by Ney's unexpected movement toward 899: 710: 7895: 4613: 2408: 1901: 1798: 1555: 1542: 1398: 1389:(known as the "Pursuit of the Three Marshals"), Prussian general 1323: 1250: 1100:

where he led the vanguard, and at the capture of the fortress of

1096:, Bernadotte distinguished himself greatly at the passage of the 946: 878: 490: 484: 339: 5088:. William Blakewood and Sons, Edinghburg; Thomas Cadell, London. 4779:"Caballeros existentes en la insignie Orden del Toison de Oro". 1187:

Though Bernadotte declined to help Napoleon Bonaparte stage his

741:. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at 7744: 7719: 7201: 5975: 5599: 2790: 2662: 2505: 2170:

His remains were interred after a state funeral in Stockholm's

1881: 1351: 1284: 1132: 1093: 1089: 1085: 919: 674:

from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the

257: 13328:

François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt

5564:(Jan 1964) 14#1 pp 3–13 and part 2. (Mar 1964) 14#3 pp 171–180 5169:

A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

2957: 2647:("Death to the king"). The tattoo is finally revealed to read 1590:

when he was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to King

863:. The Swedish–Norwegian war is viewed as Sweden's last direct 13262: 5586:

Research Guide to European Historical Biography: 1450–Present

5495:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

5323:

Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden

4873:"The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette" 4101:

Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden

3390: 3213:. In Belaubre, Christope; Dym, Jordana; Savage, John (eds.). 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 2518: 1742: 1355: 1154:

After returning from Vienna, he resided in Paris. He married

1116: 1074: 1047: 969:, for his smart appearance. In early 1790 he was promoted to 792:

of the Swedish Armed Forces, soon after his arrival becoming

5369:"Bernadotte (Jean-Baptiste-Jules de, prince de Ponte-Corvo)" 5341:

Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge

5248:

Walachren 1809: The Scandalous Destruction of a British Army

4399: 3527: 3525: 3512: 3510: 3356: 3354: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3022: 3020: 788:. He assumed the name Charles John and was named regent and 7300: 4062: 4060: 4021: 2188: 2095: 1905: 1587: 15202:

French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars

13302: 5225:

Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective

4739:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 63, 77, 89. 4319: 4247: 4211: 3846:

Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective

3578: 3576: 2778: 1683:(though his wife Désirée never did renounce Catholicism). 1566:

accepted the general government of the Roman departments.

30:"Carl Johan" redirects here. For a subsequent prince, see 15307:

Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree

13142: 7886: 6990:

Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden

4889:

1,339 QI Facts To Make Your Jaw Drop: Fixed Format Layout

4785:(in Spanish). En la Imprenta Nacional. 1835. p. 72. 4524: 4522: 4435: 4411: 4366: 4130: 3966: 3885: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3717: 3705: 3681: 3669: 3645: 3615: 3603: 3561: 3537: 3522: 3507: 3495: 3414: 3378: 3351: 3291: 3279: 3032: 3017: 2765:

Allt vi trodde vi visste men som faktiskt är FEL FEL FEL!

2062:

Equestrian statue in Stockholm depicting Charles XIV John

1545:

with both regular French and Dutch troops along with the

1401:(7 November 1806). When the French forced their way into 1046:

from cutting off the retreat of the French army over the

4283: 4259: 4057: 3729: 3693: 3593: 3591: 3431: 3429: 3366: 3005: 859:, which lasted for almost a century before its peaceful 8718: 6634:

King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

5807:

Charles XIV John of Sweden / Charles III John of Norway

4551:

Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008), p. 12.

4423: 4295: 4190: 4142: 3573: 3458: 3456: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3243: 3187: 3139: 3103: 2993: 2981: 2818: 1341:

he will be in the position which had been indicated at

1276:, that the Austrians would be driven from his country. 1146:

Bust of a young Bernadotte at the Bernadotte Museum in

906:. He was the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780), 690:) and before he became royalty in Sweden, his name was 5178:

Bernadotte: Un marechal d'empire sur le trone de Suede

4519: 4447: 3809:"Charles XIII | king of Sweden | Britannica" 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 2909: 1731:

Charles John, address to the Estates, 5 November 1810.

1019:

By 1794 he was promoted to brigadier, attached to the

855:

was defeated in nineteen days. This put Norway into a

15267:

Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star

4886:

Lloyd, John; Mitchinson, John; Harkin, James (2013).

4885: 4387: 4307: 4271: 4235: 4223: 4166: 4154: 4118: 4033: 3913: 3789: 3741: 3657: 3588: 3441: 3426: 3402: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 15297:

Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa

14058:

List of people associated with the French Revolution

6629:

King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania

5286:

Memorials of Charles John, King of Sweden and Norway

4621:. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. p. 126. 4106: 4050: 4048: 3954: 3483: 3453: 3175: 3163: 3151: 3127: 3115: 3091: 3079: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2015:

Coronation of Charles III John as King of Norway in

2004:

Coronation of Charles XIV John as King of Sweden in

14290:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

11380:

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

5304:

Bernadotte : Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King

4842:"Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword" 4755:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich

4751:"Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden" 4178: 3930: 3928: 3906:

Ancienneté och Rang-Rulla öfver Krigsmagten år 1813

3312: 2806: 15227:Swedish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars 5569:Bernadotte: Marshal of France & King of Sweden 5352:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 5267:The Nordic Way : A Path to Baltic Equilibrium 2969: 2897: 2885: 2856: 733:was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a 15197:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars 7028: 6023: 5092:Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008). 4045: 2836: 768:In 1810, Bernadotte was unexpectedly elected the 15212:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 15133: 13216:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 5880: 5415:1813 Leipzig. Napoleon and the Battle of Nations 4966: 4808:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden 4782:Guía de forasteros en Madrid para el año de 1835 4724:(in German), "Königliche Ritter-Orden", pp. 3, 5 4609: 4607: 3925: 3261: 3217:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 141–150. 1816:In January 1812, French troops suddenly invaded 15302:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14668:Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon 11088:England expects that every man will do his duty 7839: 6644:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków 5501:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). 5339:Scott, Franklin D. (1962). "Charles XIV John". 4913:Ganzon, Guadalupe Fores-; Mañeru, Luis (1995). 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4534: 1928:, which transferred Norway to Swedish control. 1225: 1057:At the beginning of 1797 he was ordered by the 941:Bernadotte joined the army as a private in the 890:Jean Bernadotte was born on 26 January 1763 in 784:, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the 15237:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism 11258:Significant civil and political events by year 5171:. Chicago, New York: author. pp. 249–271. 4834: 4801: 4722:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1839 3474: 2110:n, would later be named after Charles John as 1931:The Norwegians rejected Swedish control. They 1569: 1537:With Bernadotte having returned to Paris, the 1061:to march with 20,000 men as reinforcements to 15262:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword 14994: 14800: 14432:Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras 14381: 11145: 8904: 8704: 7990: 7808: 7183: 7014: 6503: 6479:***Prince/Princess of Sweden by marriage only 6378: 6240: 5778: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 1463:, on 14 July 1807, he became governor of the 839:that saw the defeat of the Danish Army, King 526:Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces 14311: 14270: 14246: 14227: 13211:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 6728:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland 5524:Alm, Mikael and Britt-Inger Johansson, eds. 4912: 4584: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2624: 1974: 1452:, preserving the French bridgehead over the 1084:He had his first interview with Napoleon in 15272:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa 11898: 6611:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland 5977:Charles XV of Sweden / Charles IV of Norway 5334:. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press. 5069:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4967:Solomon, Maynard; Herttrich, Ernst (1988). 2556:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1268:'s II Corps and having the majority of the 761:, made Bernadotte a member of the extended 698:, he participated in several battles as a 27:King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 to 1844 15277:Grand masters of the Order of Charles XIII 15001: 14987: 14807: 14793: 14388: 14374: 13415:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 11152: 11138: 8911: 8897: 8711: 8697: 7815: 7801: 7190: 7176: 7021: 7007: 6510: 6496: 6475:^lost his title due to an unequal marriage 5785: 5771: 5500: 5320: 5138:The Amazing Career of Bernadotte 1763–1844 4736:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817 4614:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). 4338: 4336: 4334: 3978: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3073: 2592:Coat of arms of Crown Prince Charles John 1690: 949:. Subsequently, the Régiment stationed in 709:in the region of southern France known as 47: 15312:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe 14970:Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14892:Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia 14846:Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien 13680:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 13338:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 13161:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 8603: 7733: 6986:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage 6894:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten 5222: 5203: 5096:, Reklam & katalogtryck AB, Uppsala. 4997: 4971:. Harvard University Press. p. 343. 4372: 4265: 1959:, with support from French liberals like 1050:after its defeat by the Austrians at the 622:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe 14112: 11396:Nationalization of the Church properties 8559: 8503: 8430: 8188: 8151: 8093: 7680: 7647: 7564: 7499: 5444: 5283: 5162: 5153: 4441: 4405: 4027: 3582: 2784: 2148: 2140: 2073: 2057: 2010: 1999: 1986: 1978: 1705:Bernadotte as Crown Prince, painting by 1700: 1573: 1426: 1245:, Bernadotte became one of the eighteen 1229: 1141: 988: 936: 877: 873: 177:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799 14341:Historiography of the French Revolution 13612:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 13323:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 7230: 6827:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland 6649:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole 5987: 5792: 5588:(4 vol. 1992); vol. 1, pp. 126–134 5528:(Uppsala: Swedish Science Press, 2008) 5504:"Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules" 5292: 5264: 5194: 4939: 4417: 4331: 4103:, pp. 144–145. C.J. Barrington, London. 3842: 3831: 3479:. London: Methuen & Co. p. 81. 3384: 3205: 2611: 1809:Swedish population. Sweden reluctantly 717:in 1780. Following the outbreak of the 14: 15134: 14509:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 13348:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 13303:Other significant figures and factions 9234:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom 7822: 7197: 6527:The generations indicate descent from 6140: 5431: 5301: 5245: 5175: 5144: 5135: 5126: 5115: 5106: 5083: 5035: 4943:The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus 4528: 4453: 4325: 4313: 4289: 4277: 4253: 4229: 4217: 4196: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4124: 4112: 4039: 3972: 3960: 3919: 3891: 3879: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3723: 3711: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3516: 3501: 3489: 3447: 3435: 3420: 3408: 3396: 3372: 3360: 3297: 3285: 3249: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3026: 3011: 2999: 2987: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2891: 2839:"Sweden celebrates 200 years of peace" 2796: 2603:Coat of arms of King Charles XIV John 1291:which resulted in the shutting off of 666:; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was 165:Minister of War of the French Republic 15287:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain 15157:People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques 14982: 14788: 14566:Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet 14437:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 14399:(2 November 1795 to 10 November 1799) 14369: 14216: 14111: 13395:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 13301: 13151:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 13090:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 13048:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 12651: 11897: 11528:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 11256: 11159: 11133: 10916:Spanish American wars of independence 8892: 8692: 7796: 7171: 7002: 6491: 6377: 6239: 6139: 6022: 5974: 5879: 5804: 5766: 5412: 5347: 5338: 5329: 5269:. Washington, DC: The Compass Press. 5180:. Paris: Ellipses Edition Marketing. 5064: 4429: 4393: 4301: 4241: 4184: 4077: 4075: 4066: 3735: 3699: 3462: 3262:Wencker-Wildberg, Friederich (1936). 3231:from the original on 12 November 2018 2824: 2812: 2800: 1884:and was victorious in battle against 1494:Recalled to Germany to assist in the 984: 808:and using Swedish diplomacy to bring 15282:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII 14836:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow 14427:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 13549:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 12961:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 12652: 11748:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 6951:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland 6946:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland 6868:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland 5473: 5381: 5129:Bernadotte Prince and King 1810–1844 4946:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 4009:from the original on 9 November 2020 3345: 2879: 2837:Solveig Rundquist (15 August 2014). 2566: 2174:. He was succeeded by his only son, 1299:. Bernadotte's troops then captured 1184:, the directors allied to Napoleon. 1164:the coup d'état of the 30th Prairial 582:Grand Master Order of the Polar Star 442:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway 15292:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1813) 15257:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 15207:Marshals of the First French Empire 14841:Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden 14217: 13156:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 10901:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War) 8918: 6982:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania 6775:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa 6749:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland 6570:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland 6517: 5449:. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute. 5366: 5332:Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon 5140:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 4618:Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen 4572:from the original on 26 August 2021 4507:from the original on 14 August 2018 3942:from the original on 3 January 2019 2206:, was also named after him in 1854. 1367:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon 1131:, to appoint him to the embassy of 24: 15118: 14346:Influence of the French Revolution 14336:Symbolism in the French Revolution 13100:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 13061:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 11316:Convocation of the Estates General 6909:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna 6842:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland 5518: 5119:Bernadotte and Napoleon: 1763–1810 4852:from the original on 7 August 2018 4477:from the original on 5 August 2018 4072: 2229:, was also named in honour of him. 1496:new war between France and Austria 780:, thanks to the advocacy of Baron 572:Grand Master Order of the Seraphim 25: 15343: 14882:Helmuth Graf von Moltke the Elder 14740:Georges René Le Peley de Pléville 14596:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé 14545:Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts 13988:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 13720:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 13022:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 12804:François Christophe de Kellermann 12043:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 7157:Heirs who succeeded are shown in 6878:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland 6601:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland 5592: 5284:Meredith, William George (1829). 4761:from the original on 4 April 2023 3819:from the original on 27 July 2014 2023:Charles John had been regent and 1322:During the 1806 campaign against 910:at Pau, and his wife (married at 587:Grand Master of the Order of Vasa 200:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé 15172:Swedish people of French descent 14887:Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia 14658:Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière 14632:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14550:Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès 14540:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14530:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 14480: 14442:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 13715:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 13622:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 13592:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 13483:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 13261: 13226: 13196: 13171: 13128: 13002: 12879:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 12660: 11432:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 10776:Frederick William III of Prussia 10756:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly 8877: 8732: 7146: 6873:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland 6537:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken 6471:**also prince/princess of Norway 5749:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799 5598: 5545:The amazing career of Bernadotte 5535:(2010) 125#512 pp. 205–208. 5461: 5029: 4985: 4960: 4933: 4906: 4879: 4865: 4810:(1834), "Großherzogliche Orden" 4789:from the original on 7 June 2020 4772: 4743: 4727: 4715: 4693: 4669: 4647: 4625: 4562:"The statues in the Palace Park" 4554: 4545: 4489: 4459: 4378: 4202: 3276:Maude, F.A. (1912), pp. 150–151. 3266:. London: Jarrolds. p. 173. 2597: 2586: 2574: 1939:and elected Danish crown prince 902:in the southwestern part of the 830:Following the conclusion of the 392: 15242:18th-century French politicians 14622:Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret 14581:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 14053:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 13800:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 13725:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 12936:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 12931:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 12911:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 12739:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 11657:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 10896:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War) 10826:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies 6914:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland 6899:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland 5688:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844 5447:The Roots of Swedish Neutrality 5136:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1930). 5127:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1925). 5116:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1921). 5107:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1914). 4354:from the original on 2 May 2015 4093: 4084: 3897: 3801: 3636: 3627: 3468: 3309:Maude, F.A (1912), pp. 222–226. 3303: 3270: 3255: 3199: 2730:Union between Sweden and Norway 2496:Military Order of Maria Theresa 1892:in September at the Battles of 1697:Union between Sweden and Norway 617:Military Order of Maria Theresa 577:Grand Master Order of the Sword 292: 15222:Burials at Riddarholmen Church 15167:Naturalized citizens of Sweden 14586:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau 14326:Women in the French Revolution 13928:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 13105:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 12769:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 12398:French invasion of Switzerland 10811:Prince Regent John of Portugal 10721:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 10666:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony 10661:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria 6904:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland 6811:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna 6801:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland 5627:New International Encyclopedia 5145:Berdah, Jean-Francois (2009). 5084:Alison, Sir Archibald (1836). 5040:. New York: Ballantine Books. 3475:Dunn-Pattinson, R. P. (1909). 2830: 2757: 2195:, was named after him in 1852. 1431:Bernadotte as a French Marshal 1000:Following the outbreak of the 692:Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte 188:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau 79:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844 13: 1: 15060:Carl Fredrik Johannes Bødtker 15014:Norwegian Order of Freemasons 14877:Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel 14831:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher 14817:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 14750:Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry 14735:Laurent Jean François Truguet 14709:François Sébastien Letourneux 14331:Incroyables and merveilleuses 14150:Pierre Claude François Daunou 13938:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 13069:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 13040:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 12337:Naval Engagement off Brittany 12090:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 12064:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 11873:Constitution of the Year VIII 11608:Committee of General Security 11493:National Legislative Assembly 11348:National Constituent Assembly 10836:Prince Charles John of Sweden 7840: 7030:Heirs to the throne of Sweden 6837:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland 6025:Oscar II of Sweden and Norway 5712:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810 5554:(1944) 16#4 pp. 265–285 5208:. London: C. Hurst & Co. 5163:Cronholm, Neander N. (1902). 5149:. Revue D’ Histoire Nordique. 5058: 4497:"King Carl Johan (1763–1844)" 4467:"History of the Royal Palace" 2464:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky 2398:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 2321:Commander Grand Cross of the 2311:Commander Grand Cross of the 2291:Commander Grand Cross of the 2198:The former main base for the 2125:conviction of the journalist 1952:with Sweden later that year. 1627:, did not wish to convert to 1216:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 1069:. Upon receiving insult from 849:Swedish–Norwegian War of 1814 749:as a reward. His marriage to 602:Order of St. George 1st Class 597:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross 592:Grand Collar Legion of Honour 54: 14678:Claude Sébastien Bourguignon 14612:Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin 14535:Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu 14462:Jean-François-Auguste Moulin 14249:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 14043:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 13933:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 13830:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 13730:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 13420:Charles Malo François Lameth 13095:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 12926:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 12869:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 12069:Second Battle of Wissembourg 11756:Constitution of the Year III 8018:descendant of Inge the Elder 7962:descendant of Inge the Elder 6535:, and continues through the 5882:Oscar I of Sweden and Norway 5391:Ambassade de France en Suede 5350:Sweden, The Nation's History 4862:Retrieved 21 September 2018. 3882:, pp. 250–256, 268–272. 3558:, pp. 169–170, 256–257. 2745:War of the Seventh Coalition 2725:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) 2551:Order of the Tower and Sword 2549:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2494:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2272:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2259:: Knight Grand Eagle of the 2145:Charles John on his deathbed 1745:family through his favorite 1658:, and was subsequently made 1226:Marshal of the French Empire 678:. In Norway, he is known as 556:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) 145:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810 7: 15080:Anton Cathinco Stub Holmboe 14851:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg 14653:Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche 14648:Charles Cochon de Lapparent 14627:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 14417:Étienne-François Letourneur 14145:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 13770:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 13705:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 13665:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 13544:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 13529:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 13524:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 13333:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 13186:William V, Prince of Orange 12056:First Battle of Wissembourg 12013:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 11729:Closing of the Jacobin Club 11598:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 11555:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 11415:Abolition of the Parlements 11388:Women's March on Versailles 8259:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 6967:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne 6847:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke 6754:Crown Prince Charles August 5567:Lord Russell of Liverpool: 5531:Review by Rasmus Glenthøj, 5348:Scott, Franklin D. (1988). 5265:Killham, Edward L. (1993). 5250:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. 5195:Foucart, Paul Jean (1887). 5154:Chandler, David G. (1987). 5109:Bernadotte: The First Phase 4677:Riksarkivet – Sök i arkiven 3206:Olivier, Jean-Marc (2010). 2718: 2536:Order of the Zähringer Lion 2429:Military Order of St. Henry 2250: 2106:. The main street in Oslo, 1570:Offer of the Swedish throne 1241:On the introduction of the 1129:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1104:(19 March 1797). After the 882:Bernadotte's birthplace in 737:on the proclamation of the 10: 15348: 15247:Ministers of war of France 15162:French emigrants to Sweden 14617:Guillaume-Charles Faipoult 14504:Charles-François Delacroix 14280:French Republican calendar 13835:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 13460:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 12814:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 12764:Charles François Dumouriez 12754:Jacques François Dugommier 12568:League of Armed Neutrality 12401:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 12353:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 12176:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 12155:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 11819:Second Congress of Rastatt 11603:Committee of Public Safety 11590:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 10671:Frederick I of Württemberg 9041:Confederation of the Rhine 8329:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 8282:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna 8265:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna) 5605:Charles XIV John of Sweden 5445:Wahlbäck, Krister (1986). 5325:. London: C.J. Barrington. 2740:War of the Sixth Coalition 2534:Knight Grand Cross of the 2524:Knight Grand Cross of the 2510:Order of the Golden Fleece 2427:Knight Grand Cross of the 2387:Knight Grand Cross of the 2351: 2301:Knight Grand Cross of the 2221:), located in present-day 2181: 1717:to the Lutheranism of the 1694: 1418:Levin August von Bennigsen 29: 15116: 15020: 14967: 14951: 14938:Prince Leopold of Bavaria 14915: 14859: 14823: 14762: 14727: 14691: 14640: 14604: 14558: 14522: 14514:Charles-Frédéric Reinhard 14496: 14489: 14478: 14404: 14295:Cult of the Supreme Being 14223: 14212: 14118: 14107: 14066: 13900: 13893: 13778: 13635: 13557: 13468: 13455:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 13361: 13310:Patriotic Society of 1789 13308: 13297: 13259: 13224: 13194: 13169: 13126: 13113:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 13035:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 13000: 12991: 12969: 12674: 12658: 12647: 12616: 12579: 12552:Convention of Alessandria 12534: 12441: 12388: 12319: 12189: 12163: 12080: 11977: 11904: 11893: 11849: 11838:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 11830: 11803: 11740: 11676: 11571: 11504: 11453: 11407: 11299:What Is the Third Estate? 11290: 11263: 11252: 11167: 11050: 10934: 10849: 10831:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden 10821:William, Prince of Orange 10684: 10631:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve 10564: 10557: 10437: 10316: 10180: 10009: 9923: 9877: 9626: 9520: 9444: 9338: 9252: 9204: 9195: 9091: 8992: 8983: 8960:French Invasion of Russia 8926: 8875: 8739: 8730: 8653: 8594: 8545: 8480: 8421: 8171: 8142: 8084: 7975: 7877: 7830: 7761: 7718: 7665: 7632: 7549: 7484: 7208: 7155: 7144: 7036: 6975: 6959: 6938: 6922: 6886: 6855: 6819: 6788: 6767: 6736: 6710: 6694: 6673: 6657: 6621: 6583: 6552: 6525: 6468: 6439: 6416: 6390: 6386: 6380:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 6373: 6349: 6313: 6290: 6252: 6248: 6242:Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden 6235: 6210: 6181: 6152: 6148: 6135: 6093: 6070: 6035: 6031: 6018: 5983: 5970: 5933: 5892: 5888: 5875: 5850: 5833: 5817: 5813: 5800: 5751: 5745:Minister of War of France 5742: 5734: 5729: 5714: 5705: 5700: 5690: 5677: 5669: 5664: 5637: 5621:"Charles XIV. John" 5552:Journal of Modern History 5533:English Historical Review 5321:Philippart, John (1814). 5295:Revue d'histoire nordique 5246:Howard, Martin R (2012). 5197:Campagne de Prusse (1806) 5065:Agius, Christine (2006). 4956:– via Google Books. 4929:– via Google Books. 4902:– via Google Books. 4099:Phillipart, John (1814). 3849:. Springer. p. 221. 2767:, Bokförlaget Semic 2007 2641:("Death to tyrants"), or 2127:Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe 2094:in the Norwegian capital 2078:The monument outside the 1991:King Charles XIV John at 1975:King of Sweden and Norway 975:non-commissioned officers 649: 630: 564: 546:French Revolutionary Wars 538: 476: 458: 450: 409: 404: 400: 388: 371: 363: 350: 338: 329:Karl Johan Baptist Julius 323: 318: 314: 302: 277: 263: 243: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 193: 181: 170: 163: 159: 149: 141: 134: 124: 114: 83: 75: 64: 46: 41: 14591:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 14003:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 13968:Joséphine de Beauharnais 13850:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 13820:François-Nicolas Vincent 13805:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 12979:Charles-Alexandre Linois 12874:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 12854:François Séverin Marceau 12834:François Joseph Lefebvre 12729:Jean-Étienne Championnet 12704:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 12699:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 12694:Alexandre de Beauharnais 12684:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 12406:French Invasion of Egypt 12284:Second Battle of Bassano 12018:Battle of Kaiserslautern 11792:Conspiracy of the Equals 11485:The Constitution of 1791 11356:Storming of the Bastille 10741:Archduke John of Austria 10736:Prince von Schwarzenberg 10581:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 7447:Magnus VI the Law-mender 6639:Prince Alexander Charles 6596:Gustav, Prince of Uglich 5900:King Charles XV & IV 5579:Nordic Historical Review 5330:Scott, Franklin (1935). 5288:. London: Henry Colburn. 5204:Griffiths, Tony (2004). 5199:. Paris: Berger-Levraut. 5036:Pataki, Allison (2020). 5007:. Movies & TV Dept. 4828:2 September 2019 at the 4817:2 September 2019 at the 3074:Ripley & Dana (1879) 2966:, pp. 50–52, 70–71. 2750: 2680:The novel was filmed as 2379:Order of the Black Eagle 2136: 1079:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 943:Régiment Royal–La Marine 776:) to the childless King 729:. His relationship with 713:, Bernadotte joined the 522:Allied Army of the North 501:Army of the Rhine (1798) 18:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 15327:Crown princes of Norway 15322:Crown princes of Sweden 15045:Johan Gottfried Conradi 14714:François de Neufchâteau 14704:François de Neufchâteau 14452:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 14447:François de Neufchâteau 13983:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 13855:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 13815:Antoine-François Momoro 13810:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 13627:François de Neufchâteau 13577:Charles-François Lebrun 13519:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 13400:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 13276:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 13082:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 13077:Karl Mack von Leiberich 12709:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 12523:Second Battle of Zurich 12414:Irish Rebellion of 1798 12260:First Battle of Bassano 12098:Second Battle of Boulou 11899:Revolutionary campaigns 11857:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 11772:Council of Five Hundred 11560:First republic declared 11496:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 11477:Declaration of Pillnitz 11201:Constitutional monarchy 10676:Frederick VI of Denmark 10626:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 9416:Greater Poland uprising 9239:Duc d'Enghien Execution 7720:III. Independent Norway 7403:Haakon II Broadshoulder 6398:Crown Princess Victoria 6350:Grandchildren's spouses 6201:Princess Maria Pavlovna 6189:Crown Princess Margaret 5510:The American Cyclopædia 5488:Encyclopædia Britannica 5306:. London: John Murray. 5176:Favier, Franck (2010). 4940:Reading, Mario (2018). 3399:, pp. 758, 764–65. 3264:Bernadotte: A Biography 2635:("Death to kings"), or 2617:Louis-Émile Vanderburch 2526:House Order of Fidelity 2313:Order of the Polar Star 2274:Order of the Iron Crown 1851:Convention of Tauroggen 1751:Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe 1691:Crown Prince and Regent 1021:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse 973:, the highest rank for 843:was forced to sign the 841:Frederick VI of Denmark 607:Order of the Iron Crown 15123: 15065:Hans Johndal Rønneberg 14897:August Graf von Werder 14872:August Karl von Goeben 14867:Albert, King of Saxony 14745:Étienne Eustache Bruix 14719:Nicolas Marie Quinette 14457:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 14312: 14271: 14247: 14228: 13740:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 13735:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 13645:Maximilien Robespierre 13478:Jacques Pierre Brissot 13343:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 12774:Louis-Charles de Flers 12759:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 12724:Jean François Carteaux 12499:First Battle of Zurich 12462:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 12417:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 12377:Treaty of Campo Formio 12123:Glorious First of June 12051:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 12010:Expedition to Sardinia 11688:Desmoulins guillotined 11623:Assassination of Marat 11615:Fall of the Girondists 11587:Revolutionary Tribunal 11579:Execution of Louis XVI 11469:Champ de Mars massacre 11372:Abolition of Feudalism 10796:Ferdinand VII of Spain 9244:Coronation of Napoleon 8391:Sten Sture the Younger 8322:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 8305:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa) 8248:Christopher of Bavaria 7634:II. Independent Norway 5614:. The Napoleon Series. 5584:Moncure, James A. ed. 5158:. New York: MacMillan. 5131:. London: John Murray. 5122:. London: John Murray. 5013:. 2008. Archived from 4919:. Fundación Santiago. 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2439:Order of the Rue Crown 2389:Order of the Red Eagle 2227:Västra Götaland County 2223:Karlsborg Municipality 2218: 2168: 2158: 2146: 2083: 2063: 2038: 2020: 2008: 1997: 1984: 1937:a liberal constitution 1888:in August and against 1791:Scandinavian peninsula 1728: 1709: 1648:Riksdag of the Estates 1592:Charles XIII of Sweden 1583: 1484:Abdications of Bayonne 1432: 1303:on 30 October. In the 1247:Marshals of the Empire 1238: 1151: 1113:Treaty of Campo Formio 1071:Dominique Martin Dupuy 997: 993:Bernadotte during the 887: 786:Riksdag of the Estates 778:Charles XIII of Sweden 687: 663: 530:Norwegian Armed Forces 328: 15122: 15055:Wilhelm Hansen Færden 15050:August Christian Mohr 15025:King Charles III John 14422:Jean-François Rewbell 14185:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 13450:Jean-Charles Pichegru 13430:Jean-François Rewbell 12916:Jean-Charles Pichegru 12799:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 12789:Jacques Maurice Hatry 12560:Battle of Hohenlinden 12433:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 12268:Battle of Emmendingen 12215:Battle of Castiglione 12102:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 12033:Battle of Hondschoote 11704:Thermidorian Reaction 11668:(throughout the year) 11441:Fête de la Fédération 11367:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 11351:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 11335:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 11083:Conference of Dresden 10992:Paris (February 1812) 10921:Swedish–Norwegian War 10746:Alexander I of Russia 7418:Haakon III Sverresson 7391:Eystein II Haraldsson 7366:Sigurd I the Crusader 7215:Foreign and non-royal 7210:I. Independent Norway 6978:Also prince of Norway 6759:King Charles XIV John 5417:. London: Greenhill. 5413:Smith, Digby (2001). 5367:Six, Georges (1934). 5302:Palmer, Alan (1990). 4892:. Faber & Faber. 4659:27 March 2018 at the 4637:27 March 2018 at the 4566:Royal House of Norway 3843:Planert, Ute (2015). 2605:of Sweden and Norway 2413:Order of the Elephant 2333:Order of Charles XIII 2283:Order of the Seraphim 2164: 2152: 2144: 2077: 2061: 2034: 2014: 2003: 1990: 1983:Coronation medal 1844 1982: 1933:declared independence 1861:After the defeats at 1847:Frederick William III 1843:Supreme Central Junta 1724: 1704: 1695:Further information: 1642:, amazed at Mörner's 1616:Eugène de Beauharnais 1577: 1477:Order of the Elephant 1430: 1416:, the Russians under 1274:Maximillian IV Joseph 1233: 1173:Le Moniteur Universel 1145: 992: 937:Early military career 894:, the capital of the 881: 874:Early life and family 806:Alexander I of Russia 735:Marshal of the Empire 612:Order of the Elephant 463:Marshal of the Empire 451:Years of service 422:Kingdom of the French 119:Charles XIII & II 32:Carl Johan Bernadotte 15332:19th-century regents 14943:August von Mackensen 14907:Frederick Francis II 14113:Influential thinkers 13860:Jean-François Varlet 13760:Jean-Lambert Tallien 13755:Jean Bon Saint-André 13582:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 13504:Marquis de Condorcet 13353:Nicolas de Condorcet 13118:Dagobert von Wurmser 12951:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 12894:Pierre-Jacques Osten 12809:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 12744:Louis-Nicolas Davout 12734:Chapuis de Tourville 12276:Battle of Schliengen 12223:Battle of Theiningen 12144:Battle of Aldenhoven 12028:Battle of Wattignies 11997:Battle of Neerwinden 11811:Coup of 18 Fructidor 11324:Death of the Dauphin 11037:Fontainebleau (1814) 10591:Louis-Nicolas Davout 9512:Invasion of Portugal 8370:Sten Sture the Elder 8353:Sten Sture the Elder 8252:House of Wittelsbach 7435:Haakon IV Haakonsson 7336:Magnus II Haraldsson 7223:monarchs in brackets 6930:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6863:King Gustaf VI Adolf 6744:King Gustav IV Adolf 6702:King Adolf Frederick 6606:King Gustav II Adolf 6341:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6160:King Gustaf VI Adolf 5755:Edmond Dubois-Crancé 5708:Prince of Pontecorvo 5639:Charles XIV/III John 5612:"Marshal Bernadotte" 5607:at Wikimedia Commons 4709:4 April 2023 at the 4682:27 July 2020 at the 4384:Barton, pp. 110–131. 2763:Ulf Ivar Nilsson in 2612:Fictional portrayals 2560:Order of St. Patrick 2200:Royal Norwegian Navy 1664:Swedish Armed Forces 1379:Eugen of Württemberg 1317:Prince of Pontecorvo 1305:Battle of Austerlitz 1255:Gottingen University 1040:Battle of Theiningen 967:Sergeant Belle-Jambe 747:Prince of Pontecorvo 471:Swedish Armed Forces 367:Jeanne de Saint-Jean 136:Prince of Pontecorvo 15177:House of Bernadotte 15100:Magne Frode Nygaard 14928:Paul von Hindenburg 14768:National Convention 14571:Claude Louis Petiet 14467:Louis-Jérôme Gohier 14200:Mary Wollstonecraft 13978:Jean Sylvain Bailly 13765:Pierre Louis Prieur 13710:Jean-Henri Voulland 13685:Jacques-Louis David 13617:Jean Joseph Mounier 13318:Jean Sylvain Bailly 12956:Belgrand de Vaubois 12844:Jean-Antoine Marbot 12784:Emmanuel de Grouchy 12589:Treaty of Lunéville 12228:Battle of Neresheim 12173:Siege of Luxembourg 12152:Siege of Luxembourg 12107:Battle of Tourcoing 12038:Siege of Bellegarde 11865:Coup of 18 Brumaire 11777:Council of Ancients 11552:National Convention 11544:September Massacres 11520:Brunswick Manifesto 11512:France declares war 11279:Assembly of Vizille 11063:Bourbon Restoration 10806:Maria I of Portugal 10791:Prince of Hohenlohe 10781:Gebhard von Blücher 9724:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit 9031:Swiss Confederation 8724:First French Empire 8043:Sverker the Younger 7654:Christian Frederick 7467:Haakon VI Magnusson 7462:Magnus VII Ericsson 7408:Magnus V Erlingsson 7376:Magnus IV the Blind 7361:Eystein I Magnusson 7351:Magnus III Barefoot 7331:Harald III Hardrada 7253:Harald II Greycloak 6321:Princess Margaretha 6260:Prince Gustaf Adolf 6101:Princess Margaretha 5794:House of Bernadotte 5644:House of Bernadotte 5475:Bain, Robert Nisbet 5434:Revue Napoleonienne 5400:on 17 November 2015 5343:. pp. 283–286. 5156:Napoleon's Marshals 4992:Library of Congress 4757:, 1814, p. 9, 4408:, pp. 311–312. 4328:, pp. 101–108. 4256:, pp. 206–207. 4220:, pp. 185–186. 4139:, pp. 257–258. 4069:, pp. 288–289. 4030:, pp. 105–106. 3975:, pp. 245–246. 3909:(in Swedish). 1813. 3894:, pp. 268–278. 3786:, pp. 153–154. 3774:, pp. 139–147. 3762:, pp. 237–240. 3738:, pp. 225–229. 3726:, pp. 227–228. 3714:, pp. 223–225. 3702:, pp. 284–285. 3690:, pp. 216–217. 3678:, pp. 192–195. 3654:, pp. 192–193. 3642:Barton, pp. 194–196 3633:Barton, pp. 197–201 3624:, pp. 178–183. 3612:, pp. 140–141. 3570:, pp. 172–176. 3546:, pp. 136–137. 3534:, pp. 132–137. 3519:, pp. 198–199. 3504:, pp. 165–171. 3477:Napoleon's Marshals 3423:, pp. 137–139. 3363:, pp. 148–156. 3300:, pp. 108–109. 3288:, pp. 106–109. 3029:, pp. 110–114. 2827:, pp. 140–145. 2787:, pp. 249–271. 2547:Kingdom of Portugal 2481:Order of St. George 2454:Order of St. Andrew 2363:Order of St. Hubert 2219:Karlsborgs fästning 2187:The main street of 2172:Riddarholmen Church 2006:Stockholm Cathedral 1941:Christian Frederick 1739:Charles de Suremain 1608:Frederick Christian 1424:(25 January 1807). 1243:First French Empire 1196:Councillor of State 1125:Talleyrand-Périgord 1073:, the commander of 638:Councillor of State 239:, Kingdom of France 94:Stockholm Cathedral 15124: 15070:Jacob Hvinden Haug 14815:Recipients of the 14038:Loménie de Brienne 14013:Madame de Lamballe 13948:Napoléon Bonaparte 13745:Prieur de la Marne 13660:Camille Desmoulins 13514:Marie Jean Hérault 13390:Jean-Sifrein Maury 13385:Arnaud de La Porte 13241:Alexander Korsakov 13027:Count of Clerfayt 12946:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 12859:Auguste de Marmont 12714:Napoléon Bonaparte 12605:Algeciras campaign 12597:Treaty of Florence 12475:Battle of Stockach 12308:Ireland expedition 12292:Battle of Calliano 12252:Battle of Rovereto 12244:Battle of Würzburg 11696:Law of 22 Prairial 11665:Anti-clerical laws 11640:The Death of Marat 11461:Flight to Varennes 11078:Continental System 11073:Congress of Erfurt 10997:Paris (March 1812) 10771:Peter Wittgenstein 10696:Duke of Wellington 10651:Prince Poniatowski 10616:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 10601:Auguste de Marmont 9996:Arroyo dos Molinos 9844:Walcheren Campaign 9834:Armistice of Znaim 9729:Dalmatian Campaign 9654:Tyrolean Rebellion 8401:House of Oldenburg 8363:House of Oldenburg 8336:Erik Axelsson Tott 8298:House of Oldenburg 8288:Erik Axelsson Tott 8200:House of Estridsen 8014:House of Estridsen 8004:Eric "IX" the Holy 7958:House of Estridsen 7949:Ragnvald Knaphövde 7824:Monarchs of Sweden 7472:Olaf IV Haakonsson 7457:Haakon V Magnusson 7424:Guttorm Sigurdsson 7346:Haakon Toresfostre 6417:Children's spouses 6408:Princess Madeleine 6403:Prince Carl Philip 6336:Princess Christina 6291:Children's spouses 6182:Children's spouses 6142:Gustaf V of Sweden 6071:Children's spouses 5934:Children's spouses 5851:Children's spouses 5730:Political offices 5719:Title next held by 5229:Palgrave Macmillan 5010:The New York Times 4688:sok.riksarkivet.se 4348:www.britannica.com 4003:www.britannica.com 3813:www.britannica.com 3387:, pp. 694–97. 3375:, pp. 86–104. 3014:, pp. 98–101. 2799:, pp. 53–57; 2650:Vive la république 2626:Le Camarade de lit 2372:Kingdom of Prussia 2359:Kingdom of Bavaria 2303:Order of the Sword 2293:Order of the Sword 2234:Caserne Bernadotte 2211:Karlsborg Fortress 2159: 2147: 2084: 2064: 2053:Swedish neutrality 2021: 2009: 1998: 1985: 1948:Norway to enter a 1908:and joined in the 1820:and the island of 1782:Continental System 1757:became his lover. 1710: 1640:Swedish government 1584: 1539:Walcheren Campaign 1518:Archduke Charles's 1469:Spanish contingent 1433: 1266:Auguste de Marmont 1239: 1152: 1139:over the embassy. 1063:Napoleon Bonaparte 1052:Battle of Würzburg 1016:counter-attacked. 998: 985:Revolutionary Wars 888: 676:Bernadotte dynasty 53:Charles XIV John, 15252:French Freemasons 15192:Swedish Lutherans 15187:Regents of Norway 15182:Regents of Sweden 15129: 15128: 14976: 14975: 14923:Kaiser Wilhelm II 14782: 14781: 14758: 14757: 14728:Navy and Colonies 14673:Jean-Pierre Duval 14363: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14237:Cockade of France 14208: 14207: 14170:Antoine Lavoisier 14160:Benjamin Franklin 14140:Anacharsis Cloots 14103: 14102: 14099: 14098: 14023:Louis de Breteuil 13865:Theophile Leclerc 13293: 13292: 13289: 13288: 13246:Alexander Suvorov 12987: 12986: 12921:Józef Poniatowski 12839:Étienne Macdonald 12643: 12642: 12544:Battle of Marengo 12507:Battle of Trebbia 12491:Battle of Cassano 12483:Battle of Magnano 12467:Battle of Ostrach 12369:Battle of Neuwied 12131:Battle of Fleurus 12115:Battle of Tournay 11992:War in the Vendée 11928:Royalist Revolts 11889: 11888: 11446: 11422:Abolition of the 11340:Tennis Court Oath 11332:National Assembly 11161:French Revolution 11127: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11115:Types of military 10911:Russo-Turkish War 10906:Russo-Persian War 10874:Anglo-Turkish War 10869:Anglo-Swedish War 10864:Anglo-Spanish War 10859:Anglo-Russian War 10786:Duke of Brunswick 10689:political leaders 10569:political leaders 10553: 10552: 9558:Medina de Rioseco 9280:Haslach-Jungingen 9214:French Revolution 9191: 9190: 8974:Seventh Coalition 8886: 8885: 8774:Gouvion Saint-Cyr 8686: 8685: 8662:Norwegian monarch 8657:Lineage uncertain 8649: 8648: 8590: 8589: 8541: 8540: 8476: 8475: 8417: 8416: 8235:House of Griffins 8218:House of Griffins 8208:House of Griffins 8167: 8166: 8138: 8137: 8080: 8079: 8019: 7998:Sverker the Elder 7971: 7970: 7963: 7887:c. 1060 – c. 1130 7873: 7872: 7790: 7789: 7757: 7756: 7714: 7713: 7667:Union with Sweden 7661: 7660: 7628: 7627: 7545: 7544: 7480: 7479: 7452:Eric II Magnusson 7413:Sverre Sigurdsson 7397:Magnus Haraldsson 7386:Inge I Haraldsson 7326:Magnus I the Good 7295:Olaf II the Saint 7283:Eiríkr Hákonarson 7271:Olaf I Tryggvason 7265:Haakon Sigurdsson 7248:Haakon I the Good 7238:Harald I Fairhair 7224: 7165: 7164: 6996: 6995: 6723:King Charles XIII 6485: 6484: 6464: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6326:Princess Birgitta 6281:Prince Carl Johan 6231: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6131: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6084:Princess Ingeborg 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6001:Prince Carl Oscar 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5761: 5760: 5752:Succeeded by 5691:Succeeded by 5603:Media related to 5575:Jean-Marc Olivier 5541:Barton, Dunbar B. 5313:978-0-7195-4703-4 5257:978-1-84884-468-1 5238:978-1-137-45547-5 5102:978-91-977312-2-5 5047:978-0-593-12818-3 4501:www.kongehuset.no 4471:www.kongehuset.no 4432:, pp. 61–62. 4420:, pp. 17–19. 4304:, pp. 33–38. 4292:, pp. 53–58. 4199:, pp. 32–33. 4151:, pp. 40–41. 3252:, pp. 93–95. 3196:, pp. 14–19. 3148:, pp. 60–61. 3112:, pp. 42–43. 3002:, pp. 92–94. 2990:, pp. 76–77. 2773:978-91-552-3572-7 2675:Annemarie Selinko 2609: 2608: 2567:Arms and monogram 2474:Order of St. Anna 2422:Kingdom of Saxony 2017:Nidaros Cathedral 1961:Benjamin Constant 1910:Battle of Leipzig 1875:Truce of Pläswitz 1865:(2 May 1813) and 1818:Swedish Pomerania 1715:Roman Catholicism 1532:Battle of Leipzig 1279:Bernadotte, with 1220:Sale of Louisiana 1205:Battle of Marengo 1002:French Revolution 995:French Revolution 904:Kingdom of France 857:union with Sweden 798:Swedish Pomerania 723:brigadier general 719:French Revolution 715:French Royal Army 700:Marshal of France 653: 652: 437:Kingdom of Sweden 417:Kingdom of France 334: 333: 309:Oscar I of Sweden 271:Riddarholm Church 104:Nidaros Cathedral 100:7 September 1818 16:(Redirected from 15339: 15317:Charles XIV John 15232:Swedish adoptees 15003: 14996: 14989: 14980: 14979: 14952:1939 Grand Cross 14933:Erich Ludendorff 14916:1914 Grand Cross 14902:Kaiser Wilhelm I 14860:1870 Grand Cross 14824:1813 Grand Cross 14809: 14802: 14795: 14786: 14785: 14774:French Consulate 14494: 14493: 14484: 14397:French Directory 14390: 14383: 14376: 14367: 14366: 14317: 14305:Temple of Reason 14276: 14252: 14233: 14214: 14213: 14165:Thomas Jefferson 14109: 14108: 14028:de Chateaubriand 13958:Joseph Bonaparte 13953:Lucien Bonaparte 13943:Marie Antoinette 13898: 13897: 13885:Sylvain Maréchal 13840:François Hanriot 13675:Louis Philippe I 13602:Louis Philippe I 13597:Philippe Égalité 13539:Olympe de Gouges 13509:Charlotte Corday 13499:Étienne Clavière 13299: 13298: 13281:Antonio Ricardos 13266: 13265: 13251:Andrei Rosenberg 13231: 13230: 13201: 13200: 13176: 13175: 13146:Ralph Abercromby 13133: 13132: 13108: 13085: 13072: 13064: 13056: 13043: 13030: 13007: 13006: 12998: 12997: 12902: 12849:Marcellin Marbot 12672: 12671: 12665: 12664: 12653:Military leaders 12649: 12648: 12636: 12628: 12624:Treaty of Amiens 12609: 12601: 12593: 12572: 12564: 12556: 12548: 12527: 12526:(25–26 Sep 1799) 12519: 12511: 12510:(17–20 Jun 1799) 12503: 12495: 12494:(27–28 Apr 1799) 12487: 12479: 12471: 12470:(20–21 Mar 1799) 12463: 12455: 12451:Second Coalition 12434: 12426: 12418: 12410: 12402: 12381: 12373: 12365: 12361:Treaty of Leoben 12357: 12349: 12348:(14–15 Jan 1797) 12345:Battle of Rivoli 12341: 12333: 12329:Italian campaign 12312: 12304: 12303:(15–17 Nov 1796) 12300:Battle of Arcole 12296: 12288: 12280: 12272: 12264: 12256: 12248: 12240: 12236:Battle of Amberg 12232: 12219: 12211: 12207:Battle of Lonato 12203: 12199:Italian campaign 12177: 12156: 12148: 12135: 12127: 12119: 12111: 12103: 12094: 12073: 12072:(26–27 Dec 1793) 12060: 12052: 12014: 12006: 12002:Battle of Famars 11970: 11895: 11894: 11877: 11869: 11861: 11842: 11823: 11815: 11796: 11788: 11768: 11760: 11752: 11733: 11725: 11717: 11708: 11700: 11692: 11669: 11661: 11653: 11645: 11635: 11627: 11619: 11599: 11591: 11583: 11564: 11556: 11548: 11540: 11532: 11524: 11516: 11497: 11489: 11481: 11473: 11465: 11464:(20–21 Jun 1791) 11444: 11436: 11428: 11419: 11400: 11392: 11384: 11376: 11368: 11360: 11352: 11344: 11336: 11328: 11320: 11312: 11304: 11283: 11275: 11271:Day of the Tiles 11254: 11253: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11131: 11130: 10891:Dano-Swedish War 10879:Anglo-Danish War 10731:Archduke Charles 10646:Jérôme Bonaparte 10562: 10561: 10495:Castel di Sangro 10404:Fère-Champenoise 10057:García Hernández 9971:Fuentes de Oñoro 9487:Guttstadt-Deppen 9224:Second Coalition 9202: 9201: 9183:French Royalists 8990: 8989: 8939:Fourth Coalition 8913: 8906: 8899: 8890: 8889: 8881: 8736: 8713: 8706: 8699: 8690: 8689: 8611:Charles XIV John 8601: 8600: 8557: 8556: 8547:Holstein-Gottorp 8511:Charles X Gustav 8501: 8500: 8497: 8428: 8427: 8186: 8185: 8149: 8148: 8091: 8090: 8017: 7988: 7987: 7961: 7944:Inge the Younger 7884: 7883: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7794: 7793: 7731: 7730: 7692:Charles III John 7678: 7677: 7645: 7644: 7562: 7561: 7497: 7496: 7441:Haakon the Young 7430:Inge II Bårdsson 7289:Sweyn Haakonsson 7259:Harald Bluetooth 7228: 7227: 7214: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7169: 7168: 7150: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7000: 6999: 6686:King Frederick I 6681:King Charles XII 6591:King Sigismund I 6541:Holstein-Gottorp 6512: 6505: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6447:Princess Estelle 6388: 6387: 6375: 6374: 6331:Princess Désirée 6298:Princess Sibylla 6250: 6249: 6237: 6236: 6150: 6149: 6137: 6136: 6033: 6032: 6020: 6019: 5985: 5984: 5972: 5971: 5953:Princess Therese 5918:Princess Eugenie 5890: 5889: 5877: 5876: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5801: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5764: 5763: 5735:Preceded by 5670:Preceded by 5660: 5653: 5635: 5634: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5602: 5514: 5506: 5492: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5450: 5441: 5428: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5393:. Archived from 5388: 5384:"Karl XIV Johan" 5382:Sjostrom, Olof. 5376: 5363: 5344: 5335: 5326: 5317: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5261: 5242: 5219: 5200: 5191: 5172: 5159: 5150: 5141: 5132: 5123: 5112: 5089: 5080: 5052: 5051: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5017:on 15 April 2008 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4969:Beethoven Essays 4964: 4958: 4957: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4869: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4838: 4832: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4697: 4691: 4686:" (in Swedish). 4673: 4667: 4651: 4645: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4611: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4543: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4503:(in Norwegian). 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4473:(in Norwegian). 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4444:, pp. 7–12. 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4373:Hårdstedt (2016) 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4340: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4266:Griffiths (2004) 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4070: 4064: 4055: 4052: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3995: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3932: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3840: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3586: 3580: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3253: 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1044:Archduke Charles 865:conflict and war 861:1905 dissolution 837:a brief campaign 832:Leipzig campaign 821:Trachenberg Plan 804:by allying with 782:Carl Otto Mörner 770:heir-presumptive 759:Joseph Bonaparte 680:Charles III John 656:Charles XIV John 505:Army of the West 497:Hanseatic Cities 495:Governor of the 396: 354:Henri Bernadotte 316: 315: 296: 294: 250: 233: 231: 196: 184: 175: 107: 97: 59: 56: 51: 42:Charles XIV John 39: 38: 21: 15347: 15346: 15342: 15341: 15340: 15338: 15337: 15336: 15132: 15131: 15130: 15125: 15114: 15016: 15007: 14977: 14972: 14963: 14947: 14911: 14855: 14819: 14813: 14783: 14778: 14754: 14723: 14699:Pierre Bénézech 14687: 14663:Nicolas Dondeau 14636: 14600: 14554: 14518: 14497:Foreign Affairs 14485: 14476: 14400: 14394: 14364: 14355: 14230:La Marseillaise 14219: 14218:Cultural impact 14204: 14114: 14095: 14062: 14018:Madame du Barry 14008:Catherine Théot 13998:Thérésa Tallien 13889: 13880:Gracchus Babeuf 13825:François Chabot 13782: 13774: 13695:Georges Couthon 13690:Marquis de Sade 13655:Jean-Paul Marat 13631: 13587:Bertrand Barère 13553: 13464: 13445:Boissy d'Anglas 13440:Madame de Staël 13405:Antoine Barnave 13373: 13366: 13357: 13304: 13285: 13260: 13255: 13225: 13220: 13195: 13190: 13170: 13165: 13127: 13122: 13106: 13083: 13070: 13062: 13054: 13041: 13028: 13017:József Alvinczi 13001: 12983: 12965: 12906:Nicolas Oudinot 12896: 12829:Claude Lecourbe 12824:Charles Leclerc 12719:Guillaume Brune 12689:Pierre Augereau 12659: 12654: 12639: 12634: 12632:Treaty of Paris 12626: 12612: 12607: 12599: 12591: 12575: 12570: 12562: 12554: 12546: 12530: 12525: 12517: 12509: 12501: 12493: 12485: 12477: 12469: 12461: 12453: 12437: 12432: 12424: 12416: 12408: 12400: 12384: 12379: 12371: 12363: 12355: 12347: 12339: 12331: 12315: 12310: 12302: 12294: 12286: 12278: 12270: 12262: 12254: 12246: 12238: 12230: 12217: 12209: 12201: 12185: 12175: 12159: 12154: 12146: 12133: 12125: 12117: 12109: 12101: 12092: 12076: 12071: 12058: 12050: 12048:Siege of Toulon 12012: 12004: 11987:First Coalition 11973: 11964: 11900: 11885: 11875: 11867: 11859: 11845: 11840: 11826: 11821: 11813: 11799: 11794: 11786: 11766: 11758: 11750: 11736: 11731: 11723: 11715: 11706: 11698: 11690: 11672: 11667: 11659: 11651: 11649:Law of Suspects 11643: 11633: 11625: 11617: 11597: 11595:Reign of Terror 11589: 11581: 11567: 11562: 11554: 11546: 11538: 11530: 11522: 11514: 11500: 11495: 11487: 11479: 11471: 11463: 11449: 11434: 11426: 11417: 11403: 11398: 11390: 11382: 11375:(4–11 Aug 1789) 11374: 11366: 11358: 11350: 11342: 11334: 11326: 11318: 11310: 11308:Réveillon riots 11302: 11286: 11281: 11273: 11259: 11248: 11163: 11158: 11128: 11119: 11046: 10930: 10851: 10845: 10801:Miguel de Álava 10766:Pyotr Bagration 10761:Count Bennigsen 10751:Mikhail Kutuzov 10716:Thomas Cochrane 10688: 10686: 10680: 10641:Louis Bonaparte 10568: 10566: 10565:French and ally 10549: 10433: 10349:Château-Thierry 10312: 10176: 10147:Maloyaroslavets 10005: 9919: 9873: 9664:Yevenes/Yébenes 9622: 9538:Rosily Squadron 9516: 9440: 9406:Waren-Nossentin 9334: 9265:Cape Finisterre 9248: 9219:First Coalition 9197: 9187: 9094: 9087: 8998: 8994: 8985: 8979: 8967:Sixth Coalition 8953:Fifth Coalition 8932:Third Coalition 8922: 8920:Napoleonic Wars 8917: 8887: 8882: 8873: 8737: 8726: 8717: 8687: 8682: 8645: 8641:Carl XVI Gustaf 8636:Gustaf VI Adolf 8586: 8577:Gustav IV Adolf 8567:Adolf Frederick 8537: 8526:Ulrika Eleonora 8491: 8490: 8483: 8472: 8463:Gustav II Adolf 8413: 8182: 8180: 8163: 8134: 8076: 7967: 7888: 7869: 7855:Olof Skötkonung 7826: 7821: 7791: 7786: 7782:Swedish monarch 7776:English monarch 7753: 7729: 7710: 7676: 7657: 7643: 7624: 7560: 7541: 7495: 7476: 7371:Harald IV Gille 7307:Haakon Ericsson 7277:Sweyn Forkbeard 7243:Eric I Bloodaxe 7222: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7204: 7196: 7166: 7161: 7151: 7142: 7032: 7027: 6997: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6980: 6971: 6960:16th generation 6955: 6939:15th generation 6934: 6923:14th generation 6918: 6887:13th generation 6882: 6856:12th generation 6851: 6820:11th generation 6815: 6796:King Charles XV 6789:10th generation 6784: 6763: 6732: 6718:King Gustav III 6706: 6690: 6669: 6665:King Charles XI 6653: 6617: 6579: 6575:King Charles IX 6548: 6521: 6519:Swedish princes 6516: 6486: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6456: 6435: 6412: 6382: 6361: 6345: 6309: 6304:Princess Lilian 6286: 6271:Princess Ingrid 6244: 6223: 6206: 6177: 6144: 6123: 6113:Princess Astrid 6107:Princess Märtha 6089: 6066: 6027: 6006: 5995:Princess Louise 5979: 5958: 5929: 5884: 5863: 5858:Queen Josephine 5846: 5829: 5809: 5796: 5791: 5757: 5748: 5740: 5738:Louis de Mureau 5720: 5711: 5696: 5687: 5675: 5673:Charles XIII/II 5654: 5652:26 January 1763 5648: 5647: 5640: 5618: 5610: 5595: 5521: 5519:Further reading 5462: 5460: 5440:(1903): 68–152. 5425: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5386: 5360: 5314: 5277: 5258: 5239: 5216: 5188: 5077: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4884: 4880: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4855: 4853: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4830:Wayback Machine 4819:Wayback Machine 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4764: 4762: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4711:Wayback Machine 4698: 4694: 4684:Wayback Machine 4674: 4670: 4661:Wayback Machine 4652: 4648: 4639:Wayback Machine 4630: 4626: 4612: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4535: 4527: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4452: 4448: 4442:Wahlbäck (1986) 4440: 4436: 4428: 4424: 4416: 4412: 4406:Meredith (1829) 4404: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4342: 4341: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4300: 4296: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4028:Meredith (1829) 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 3997: 3996: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3926: 3922:, pp. 4–6. 3918: 3914: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3841: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3589: 3583:Chandler (1987) 3581: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3344: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3260: 3256: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3225: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3033: 3025: 3018: 3010: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2795: 2791: 2785:Cronholm (1902) 2783: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2735:Napoleonic Wars 2721: 2698:as Bernadotte. 2638:Mort aux tyrans 2614: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2591: 2579: 2569: 2564: 2492:Austrian Empire 2417:15 October 1808 2354: 2346:Lord and Master 2327:28 January 1813 2265:2 February 1805 2253: 2236: 2184: 2153:Charles John's 2139: 2044: 2040: 1994:Ladugårdsgärdet 1977: 1965:Madame de Staël 1945:The ensuing war 1943:to the throne. 1839:Sixth Coalition 1755:Mariana Koskull 1753:, whose cousin 1734: 1730: 1699: 1693: 1669:Gustav IV Adolf 1582:erected in 1846 1572: 1465:Hanseatic towns 1461:Peace of Tilsit 1446:Battle of Eylau 1236:François Kinson 1228: 987: 939: 876: 802:Sixth Coalition 763:Imperial family 757:was married to 745:, and was made 727:Minister of War 696:Napoleonic Wars 645: 631:Other work 626: 560: 551:Napoleonic Wars 534: 519:Army of Antwerp 446: 427:French Republic 405:Military career 378: 355: 298: 295: 1798) 290: 286: 273: 268: 252: 248: 235: 234:26 January 1763 229: 227: 226: 225:Jean Bernadotte 194: 182: 176: 171: 110: 101: 91: 60: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15345: 15335: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15284: 15279: 15274: 15269: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15219: 15217:Occitan people 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15189: 15184: 15179: 15174: 15169: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15152:Adult adoptees 15149: 15144: 15127: 15126: 15117: 15115: 15113: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15006: 15005: 14998: 14991: 14983: 14974: 14973: 14968: 14965: 14964: 14962: 14961: 14959:Hermann Göring 14955: 14953: 14949: 14948: 14946: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14919: 14917: 14913: 14912: 14910: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14863: 14861: 14857: 14856: 14854: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14827: 14825: 14821: 14820: 14812: 14811: 14804: 14797: 14789: 14780: 14779: 14777: 14776: 14770: 14763: 14760: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14753: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14731: 14729: 14725: 14724: 14722: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14695: 14693: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14644: 14642: 14638: 14637: 14635: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14608: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14562: 14560: 14556: 14555: 14553: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14500: 14498: 14491: 14487: 14486: 14479: 14477: 14475: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14408: 14406: 14402: 14401: 14393: 14392: 14385: 14378: 14370: 14361: 14360: 14357: 14356: 14354: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14300:Cult of Reason 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14244: 14242:Flag of France 14239: 14234: 14224: 14221: 14220: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14203: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14119: 14116: 14115: 14105: 14104: 14101: 14100: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14087: 14086: 14081: 14070: 14068: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14060: 14055: 14050: 14048:Jacques Necker 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13904: 13902: 13895: 13891: 13890: 13888: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13870:Claire Lacombe 13867: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13795:Jacques Hébert 13791: 13789: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13650:Georges Danton 13647: 13641: 13639: 13633: 13632: 13630: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13563: 13561: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13494:Henri Grégoire 13490: 13485: 13480: 13474: 13472: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13435:Camille Jordan 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13376: 13374: 13362: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13314: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13295: 13294: 13291: 13290: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13283: 13278: 13272: 13270: 13257: 13256: 13254: 13253: 13248: 13243: 13237: 13235: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13218: 13213: 13207: 13205: 13192: 13191: 13189: 13188: 13182: 13180: 13167: 13166: 13164: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13139: 13137: 13124: 13123: 13121: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13102: 13097: 13092: 13087: 13079: 13074: 13066: 13058: 13050: 13045: 13037: 13032: 13024: 13019: 13013: 13011: 12995: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12981: 12975: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12866: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12680: 12678: 12669: 12656: 12655: 12645: 12644: 12641: 12640: 12638: 12637: 12629: 12620: 12618: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12602: 12594: 12585: 12583: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12565: 12557: 12549: 12540: 12538: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12528: 12520: 12515:Battle of Novi 12512: 12504: 12502:(4–7 Jun 1799) 12496: 12488: 12480: 12472: 12464: 12456: 12447: 12445: 12439: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12427: 12419: 12411: 12403: 12394: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12382: 12374: 12366: 12358: 12350: 12342: 12334: 12325: 12323: 12317: 12316: 12314: 12313: 12305: 12297: 12295:(6–7 Nov 1796) 12289: 12281: 12273: 12265: 12257: 12249: 12241: 12233: 12225: 12220: 12212: 12210:(3–4 Aug 1796) 12204: 12195: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12183: 12181:Peace of Basel 12178: 12169: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12157: 12149: 12141: 12136: 12128: 12120: 12112: 12104: 12095: 12086: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12075: 12074: 12066: 12061: 12053: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12023:Siege of Mainz 12020: 12015: 12007: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11981: 11975: 11974: 11972: 11971: 11959: 11954: 11952:Siege of Mainz 11949: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11939: 11934: 11926: 11921: 11916: 11910: 11908: 11902: 11901: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11870: 11862: 11853: 11851: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11843: 11834: 11832: 11828: 11827: 11825: 11824: 11816: 11807: 11805: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11789: 11784:13 Vendémiaire 11781: 11780: 11779: 11774: 11761: 11753: 11744: 11742: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11734: 11726: 11718: 11709: 11701: 11693: 11680: 11678: 11674: 11673: 11671: 11670: 11662: 11654: 11646: 11636: 11631:Levée en masse 11628: 11620: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11605: 11592: 11584: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11568: 11566: 11565: 11557: 11549: 11541: 11536:10th of August 11533: 11525: 11517: 11508: 11506: 11502: 11501: 11499: 11498: 11490: 11482: 11474: 11466: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11447: 11437: 11429: 11420: 11418:(Feb–Jul 1790) 11411: 11409: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11393: 11385: 11377: 11369: 11361: 11353: 11345: 11337: 11329: 11321: 11313: 11305: 11294: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11284: 11276: 11267: 11265: 11261: 11260: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11246: 11239: 11232: 11225: 11218: 11211: 11204: 11197: 11190: 11183: 11176: 11168: 11165: 11164: 11157: 11156: 11149: 11142: 11134: 11125: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11117: 11112: 11110:Longwood House 11107: 11106: 11105: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10931: 10929: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10855: 10853: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10816:Count of Feira 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10711:Horatio Nelson 10708: 10703: 10698: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10621:Marshal Victor 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10572: 10570: 10559: 10555: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10548: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10441: 10439: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10399:Arcis-sur-Aube 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10320: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10184: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10142:Venta del Pozo 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10017:Ciudad Rodrigo 10013: 10011: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9895:Ciudad Rodrigo 9892: 9887: 9881: 9879: 9875: 9874: 9872: 9871: 9869:Alba de Tormes 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769:Aspern-Essling 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9630: 9628: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9524: 9522: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9448: 9446: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9371:Jena–Auerstedt 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9210: 9208: 9199: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9143:Ottoman Empire 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9103:United Kingdom 9099: 9097: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9073:Ottoman Empire 9070: 9068:Denmark–Norway 9065: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9011:Polish Legions 9008: 9002: 9000: 8987: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8946:Peninsular War 8942: 8935: 8927: 8924: 8923: 8916: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8876: 8874: 8872: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8740: 8738: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8716: 8715: 8708: 8701: 8693: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8680: 8678:king of Poland 8674: 8672:Danish monarch 8664: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8607: 8605: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8554: 8543: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8507: 8505: 8498: 8478: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8434: 8432: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8411: 8404: 8394: 8387: 8380: 8377:Svante Nilsson 8373: 8366: 8356: 8349: 8346:House of Bonde 8339: 8332: 8325: 8318: 8315:House of Bonde 8308: 8301: 8291: 8278: 8275:House of Bonde 8268: 8255: 8245: 8242:Charles (VIII) 8238: 8228: 8225:Charles (VIII) 8221: 8211: 8192: 8190: 8183: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8155: 8153: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8097: 8095: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8067: 8062: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8026: 8021: 8007: 8000: 7994: 7992: 7991:c. 1130 – 1250 7985: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7951: 7946: 7937: 7935:Inge the Elder 7932: 7927: 7925:Inge the Elder 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7892: 7890: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7844: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7820: 7819: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7778: 7772: 7770:Danish monarch 7766: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7735: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7682: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7651: 7649: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7566: 7559: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7551:Denmark–Norway 7547: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7501: 7494: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7381:Sigurd II Munn 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7356:Olav Magnusson 7353: 7348: 7343: 7341:Olaf III Kyrre 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7313:Sweyn Knutsson 7297: 7292: 7273: 7268: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7234: 7232: 7225: 7206: 7205: 7195: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7059: 7052: 7045: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7026: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7003: 6994: 6993: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6948: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6768:9th generation 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6740: 6738: 6737:8th generation 6734: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6711:7th generation 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6698: 6696: 6695:6th generation 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6674:5th generation 6671: 6670: 6668: 6667: 6661: 6659: 6658:4th generation 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6625: 6623: 6622:3rd generation 6619: 6618: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6584:2nd generation 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6553:1st generation 6550: 6549: 6526: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6492: 6483: 6482: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6430:Princess Sofia 6427: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6392: 6384: 6383: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6301: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6265:Prince Sigvard 6262: 6256: 6254: 6246: 6245: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6218:Prince Lennart 6214: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6169: 6166:Prince Wilhelm 6163: 6156: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6115: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6081: 6078:Queen Victoria 6074: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6058: 6052: 6046: 6039: 6037: 6029: 6028: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5998: 5991: 5989: 5981: 5980: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5896: 5894: 5886: 5885: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5865: 5864: 5862: 5861: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5835: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5798: 5797: 5790: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5767: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5750: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5718: 5713: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5689: 5680:King of Sweden 5676: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5665:Regnal titles 5662: 5661: 5641: 5638: 5633: 5632: 5616: 5608: 5594: 5593:External links 5591: 5590: 5589: 5582: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5548: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5493: 5483:Chisholm, Hugh 5452: 5451: 5442: 5429: 5423: 5410: 5378: 5377: 5364: 5358: 5345: 5336: 5327: 5318: 5312: 5299: 5290: 5281: 5275: 5262: 5256: 5243: 5237: 5220: 5214: 5201: 5192: 5187:978-2340006058 5186: 5173: 5160: 5151: 5142: 5133: 5124: 5113: 5104: 5090: 5081: 5075: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5046: 5028: 4996: 4984: 4978:978-0674063778 4977: 4959: 4953:978-1906787394 4952: 4932: 4926:978-9719165545 4925: 4916:La Solidaridad 4905: 4899:978-0571313211 4898: 4878: 4864: 4833: 4800: 4771: 4742: 4726: 4714: 4692: 4675:Riksarkivet. " 4668: 4646: 4624: 4583: 4553: 4544: 4541:Sjostrom, Olof 4533: 4531:, p. 248. 4518: 4488: 4458: 4456:, p. 374. 4446: 4434: 4422: 4418:Killham (1993) 4410: 4398: 4396:, p. 286. 4386: 4377: 4375:, p. 222. 4365: 4330: 4318: 4306: 4294: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4244:, p. 307. 4234: 4222: 4210: 4201: 4189: 4177: 4175:, p. 265. 4165: 4163:, p. 259. 4153: 4141: 4129: 4127:, p. 181. 4117: 4105: 4092: 4083: 4071: 4056: 4044: 4042:, p. 251. 4032: 4020: 3977: 3965: 3953: 3924: 3912: 3896: 3884: 3869: 3856:978-1137455475 3855: 3830: 3800: 3798:, p. 158. 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3750:, p. 153. 3740: 3728: 3716: 3704: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3666:, p. 209. 3656: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3600:, p. 179. 3587: 3585:, p. xlv. 3572: 3560: 3548: 3536: 3521: 3506: 3494: 3482: 3467: 3465:, p. 284. 3452: 3450:, p. 765. 3440: 3438:, p. 135. 3425: 3413: 3411:, p. 143. 3401: 3389: 3385:Foucart (1887) 3377: 3365: 3350: 3348:, p. 932. 3311: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3269: 3254: 3242: 3224:978-9004181540 3223: 3198: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3076:, p. 571. 3031: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2956: 2944: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2882:, p. 931. 2855: 2829: 2817: 2815:, p. 128. 2805: 2789: 2777: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2720: 2717: 2710:Allison Pataki 2704:New York Times 2696:Michael Rennie 2686:in 1954, with 2613: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2595: 2584: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2532: 2516: 2502: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2485:30 August 1813 2479:Knight of the 2477: 2472:Knight of the 2470: 2468:30 August 1812 2462:Knight of the 2460: 2458:30 August 1812 2452:Knight of the 2447: 2446: 2445: 2437:Knight of the 2435: 2419: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2395: 2385: 2377:Knight of the 2369: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2337:21 August 1810 2331:Knight of the 2329: 2319: 2317:21 August 1810 2309: 2307:21 August 1810 2299: 2297:21 August 1810 2289: 2287:21 August 1810 2281:Knight of the 2276: 2267: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2230: 2207: 2204:Karljohansvern 2196: 2183: 2180: 2138: 2135: 2131:silver jubilee 2119:Rabulist riots 2033: 1976: 1973: 1950:personal union 1926:Treaty of Kiel 1762:foreign policy 1723: 1707:Fredric Westin 1692: 1689: 1660:Generalissimus 1654:to be the new 1600:Charles August 1571: 1568: 1547:National Guard 1473:Peninsular War 1289:great movement 1227: 1224: 1106:18th Fructidor 1027:'s victory at 986: 983: 971:Adjutant-Major 938: 935: 875: 872: 845:Treaty of Kiel 694:. During the 688:Karl III Johan 668:King of Sweden 664:Karl XIV Johan 651: 650: 647: 646: 644: 643: 640: 634: 632: 628: 627: 625: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 568: 566: 562: 561: 559: 558: 553: 548: 542: 540: 536: 535: 533: 532: 523: 520: 517: 512: 507: 502: 499: 493: 487: 480: 478: 474: 473: 460: 456: 455: 452: 448: 447: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 413: 411: 407: 406: 402: 401: 398: 397: 390: 386: 385: 383:Roman Catholic 373: 369: 368: 365: 361: 360: 352: 348: 347: 342: 336: 335: 332: 331: 321: 320: 312: 311: 306: 300: 299: 288: 282: 281: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 261: 260: 251:(aged 81) 245: 241: 240: 223: 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 206: 203: 202: 197: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 168: 167: 161: 160: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 109: 108: 98: 87: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 66:King of Sweden 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15344: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15283: 15280: 15278: 15275: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15188: 15185: 15183: 15180: 15178: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15165: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15139: 15137: 15121: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15085:Bernhard Paus 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15040:King Oscar II 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15022: 15019: 15015: 15011: 15010:Grand Masters 15004: 14999: 14997: 14992: 14990: 14985: 14984: 14981: 14971: 14966: 14960: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14950: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14920: 14918: 14914: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14864: 14862: 14858: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14810: 14805: 14803: 14798: 14796: 14791: 14790: 14787: 14775: 14771: 14769: 14765: 14764: 14761: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14696: 14694: 14690: 14684: 14683:Joseph Fouché 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14639: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14609: 14607: 14603: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14563: 14561: 14557: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14527: 14525: 14521: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14495: 14492: 14488: 14483: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14412:Lazare Carnot 14410: 14409: 14407: 14403: 14398: 14391: 14386: 14384: 14379: 14377: 14372: 14371: 14368: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14316: 14315: 14314:Sans-culottes 14310: 14306: 14303: 14302: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14285:Metric system 14283: 14281: 14278: 14275: 14274: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14225: 14222: 14215: 14211: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14125: 14121: 14120: 14117: 14110: 14106: 14092: 14089: 14085: 14084:Panthéon Club 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14065: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13973:Joachim Murat 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13886: 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13787: 13781: 13777: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13750:Gilbert Romme 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13638: 13634: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13572:de Cambacérès 13570: 13568: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13556: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13491: 13489: 13488:Madame Roland 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13425:André Chénier 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13380:Grace Elliott 13378: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13365: 13360: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13307: 13300: 13296: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13273: 13271: 13269: 13264: 13258: 13252: 13249: 13247: 13244: 13242: 13239: 13238: 13236: 13234: 13229: 13223: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13206: 13204: 13199: 13193: 13187: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13174: 13168: 13162: 13159: 13157: 13154: 13152: 13149: 13147: 13144: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13131: 13125: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13096: 13093: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13067: 13065: 13059: 13057: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13031: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13010: 13005: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12974: 12972: 12968: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12941:Joseph Souham 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12900: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12884:Joachim Murat 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12865: 12864:André Masséna 12862: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12663: 12657: 12650: 12646: 12635:(25 Jun 1802) 12633: 12630: 12627:(25 Mar 1802) 12625: 12622: 12621: 12619: 12615: 12606: 12603: 12600:(18 Mar 1801) 12598: 12595: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12569: 12566: 12561: 12558: 12555:(15 Jun 1800) 12553: 12550: 12547:(14 Jun 1800) 12545: 12542: 12541: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12524: 12521: 12518:(15 Aug 1799) 12516: 12513: 12508: 12505: 12500: 12497: 12492: 12489: 12484: 12481: 12478:(25 Mar 1799) 12476: 12473: 12468: 12465: 12460: 12459:Siege of Acre 12457: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12440: 12431: 12430:Peasants' War 12428: 12423: 12420: 12415: 12412: 12407: 12404: 12399: 12396: 12395: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12380:(17 Oct 1797) 12378: 12375: 12372:(18 Apr 1797) 12370: 12367: 12364:(17 Apr 1797) 12362: 12359: 12356:(25 Jan 1797) 12354: 12351: 12346: 12343: 12340:(13 Jan 1797) 12338: 12335: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12318: 12309: 12306: 12301: 12298: 12293: 12290: 12285: 12282: 12279:(26 Oct 1796) 12277: 12274: 12271:(19 Oct 1796) 12269: 12266: 12261: 12258: 12253: 12250: 12245: 12242: 12239:(24 Aug 1796) 12237: 12234: 12231:(11 Aug 1796) 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12216: 12213: 12208: 12205: 12200: 12197: 12196: 12194: 12192: 12188: 12182: 12179: 12174: 12171: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12162: 12153: 12150: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12134:(26 Jun 1794) 12132: 12129: 12124: 12121: 12118:(22 May 1794) 12116: 12113: 12110:(18 May 1794) 12108: 12105: 12099: 12096: 12093:(24 Apr 1794) 12091: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12059:(13 Oct 1793) 12057: 12054: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12011: 12008: 12005:(23 May 1793) 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11980: 11976: 11968: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11953: 11950: 11948: 11945: 11940: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11929: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11907: 11903: 11896: 11892: 11882: 11879: 11876:(24 Dec 1799) 11874: 11871: 11866: 11863: 11860:(18 Jun 1799) 11858: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11848: 11841:(11 May 1798) 11839: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11829: 11820: 11817: 11812: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11802: 11793: 11790: 11785: 11782: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11765: 11762: 11759:(22 Aug 1795) 11757: 11754: 11749: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11739: 11732:(11 Nov 1794) 11730: 11727: 11722: 11719: 11716:(28 Jul 1794) 11713: 11710: 11707:(27 Jul 1794) 11705: 11702: 11699:(10 Jun 1794) 11697: 11694: 11689: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11675: 11666: 11663: 11660:(16 Oct 1793) 11658: 11655: 11652:(17 Sep 1793) 11650: 11647: 11642: 11641: 11637: 11634:(23 Aug 1793) 11632: 11629: 11626:(13 Jul 1793) 11624: 11621: 11616: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11600: 11596: 11593: 11588: 11585: 11582:(21 Jan 1793) 11580: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11570: 11563:(22 Sep 1792) 11561: 11558: 11553: 11550: 11545: 11542: 11539:(10 Aug 1792) 11537: 11534: 11529: 11526: 11523:(25 Jul 1792) 11521: 11518: 11515:(20 Apr 1792) 11513: 11510: 11509: 11507: 11503: 11494: 11491: 11486: 11483: 11480:(27 Aug 1791) 11478: 11475: 11472:(17 Jul 1791) 11470: 11467: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11452: 11445:(14 Jul 1790) 11443: 11442: 11438: 11435:(12 Jul 1790) 11433: 11430: 11427:(23 Jun 1790) 11425: 11421: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11406: 11397: 11394: 11389: 11386: 11383:(26 Aug 1789) 11381: 11378: 11373: 11370: 11365: 11362: 11359:(14 Jul 1789) 11357: 11354: 11349: 11346: 11343:(20 Jun 1789) 11341: 11338: 11333: 11330: 11327:(4 June 1789) 11325: 11322: 11317: 11314: 11311:(28 Apr 1789) 11309: 11306: 11301: 11300: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11289: 11282:(21 Jul 1788) 11280: 11277: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11262: 11255: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11240: 11238: 11237: 11233: 11231: 11230: 11226: 11224: 11223: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11212: 11210: 11209: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11198: 11196: 11195: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11187:Ancien Régime 11184: 11182: 11181: 11177: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11166: 11162: 11155: 11150: 11148: 11143: 11141: 11136: 11135: 11132: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11055: 11053: 11051:Miscellaneous 11049: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10933: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10848: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10726:Manuel Lapeña 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10683: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10656:Prince Eugène 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10606:André Masséna 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10586:Joachim Murat 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10571: 10563: 10560: 10556: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10530:Rocheserviere 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10442: 10440: 10436: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10218:San Sebastián 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10008: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9876: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9779:Sankt Michael 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9694:Teugen-Hausen 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9625: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9207: 9203: 9200: 9194: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8997: 8996:client states 8991: 8988: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8969: 8968: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8957: 8955: 8954: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8936: 8934: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8925: 8921: 8914: 8909: 8907: 8902: 8900: 8895: 8894: 8891: 8880: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8741: 8735: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8714: 8709: 8707: 8702: 8700: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8679: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8656: 8655: 8652: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8534: 8533: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8489: 8485: 8479: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8410: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8379: 8378: 8374: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8350: 8347: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8276: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8260: 8256: 8253: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8038:Knut Eriksson 8036: 8034: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7978: 7974: 7959: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7916:Håkan the Red 7914: 7912: 7911:Anund Gårdske 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7901:Eric and Eric 7899: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7865:Emund the Old 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843:970 – c. 1060 7838: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7804: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7760: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7726: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7616:Christian VII 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7591:Frederick III 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7576:Christian III 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7314: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7260: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7220: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7193: 7188: 7186: 7181: 7179: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7160: 7154: 7149: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7024: 7019: 7017: 7012: 7010: 7005: 7004: 7001: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6974: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6921: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6832:King Gustaf V 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6822: 6818: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6806:King Oscar II 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6565:King John III 6563: 6561: 6560:King Eric XIV 6558: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6533:House of Vasa 6530: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6508: 6506: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6467: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440:Grandchildren 6438: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6424:Prince Daniel 6422: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6376: 6372: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314:Grandchildren 6312: 6305: 6302: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6276:Prince Bertil 6274: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6238: 6234: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211:Grandchildren 6209: 6202: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6173: 6170: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6138: 6134: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094:Grandchildren 6092: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6044: 6043:King Gustaf V 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6021: 6017: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5924:Prince August 5922: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5912:King Oscar II 5910: 5907: 5906:Prince Gustaf 5904: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5825:Queen Désirée 5823: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5783: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5756: 5747: 5746: 5739: 5733: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5709: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5651: 5646: 5645: 5636: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5606: 5601: 5597: 5596: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5562:History Today 5559: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5512: 5511: 5505: 5498: 5497:public domain 5494: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5471: 5470:public domain 5459: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5448: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5424:1-85367-435-4 5420: 5416: 5411: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5359:0-8093-1489-4 5355: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5297:(2): 127–138. 5296: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5276:0-929590-12-0 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5217: 5215:1-85065-317-8 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5179: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5148: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5078: 5076:0-7190-7152-6 5072: 5068: 5063: 5062: 5049: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5016: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4928: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4909: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4882: 4874: 4868: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4831: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4775: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4738: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4672: 4665: 4664:magasin.kb.se 4662: 4658: 4655: 4654:Posttidningar 4650: 4643: 4642:magasin.kb.se 4640: 4636: 4633: 4632:Posttidningar 4628: 4620: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4548: 4542: 4537: 4530: 4529:Palmer (1990) 4525: 4523: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4492: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4455: 4454:Barton (1930) 4450: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4414: 4407: 4402: 4395: 4390: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4326:Barton (1925) 4322: 4316:, p. 94. 4315: 4314:Barton (1925) 4310: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4290:Barton (1925) 4286: 4280:, p. 45. 4279: 4278:Berdah (2009) 4274: 4268:, p. 19. 4267: 4262: 4255: 4254:Favier (2010) 4250: 4243: 4238: 4232:, p. 32. 4231: 4230:Barton (1925) 4226: 4219: 4218:Palmer (1990) 4214: 4205: 4198: 4197:Barton (1925) 4193: 4187:, p. 13. 4186: 4181: 4174: 4173:Barton (1930) 4169: 4162: 4161:Barton (1930) 4157: 4150: 4149:Berdah (2009) 4145: 4138: 4137:Barton (1930) 4133: 4126: 4125:Palmer (1990) 4121: 4115:, p. 39. 4114: 4113:Berdah (2009) 4109: 4102: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4041: 4040:Barton (1930) 4036: 4029: 4024: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3973:Barton (1930) 3969: 3963:, p. 12. 3962: 3961:Favier (2010) 3957: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3929: 3921: 3920:Barton (1925) 3916: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3892:Barton (1921) 3888: 3881: 3880:Barton (1921) 3876: 3874: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3796:Favier (2010) 3792: 3785: 3784:Palmer (1990) 3780: 3773: 3772:Howard (2012) 3768: 3761: 3760:Barton (1921) 3756: 3749: 3748:Palmer (1990) 3744: 3737: 3732: 3725: 3724:Barton (1921) 3720: 3713: 3712:Barton (1921) 3708: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3688:Barton (1930) 3684: 3677: 3676:Barton (1921) 3672: 3665: 3664:Barton (1921) 3660: 3653: 3652:Barton (1921) 3648: 3639: 3630: 3623: 3622:Barton (1921) 3618: 3611: 3610:Palmer (1990) 3606: 3599: 3598:Barton (1921) 3594: 3592: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3569: 3568:Barton (1921) 3564: 3557: 3556:Barton (1921) 3552: 3545: 3544:Palmer (1990) 3540: 3533: 3532:Palmer (1990) 3528: 3526: 3518: 3517:Barton (1930) 3513: 3511: 3503: 3502:Barton (1921) 3498: 3492:, p. 19. 3491: 3490:Barton (1930) 3486: 3478: 3471: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3449: 3448:Alison (1836) 3444: 3437: 3436:Palmer (1990) 3432: 3430: 3422: 3421:Favier (2010) 3417: 3410: 3409:Barton (1921) 3405: 3398: 3397:Alison (1836) 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3373:Titeux (1903) 3369: 3362: 3361:Barton (1921) 3357: 3355: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3306: 3299: 3298:Barton (1921) 3294: 3287: 3286:Barton (1921) 3282: 3273: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3250:Barton (1921) 3246: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3194:Barton (1930) 3190: 3184:, p. 88. 3183: 3182:Palmer (1990) 3178: 3172:, p. 84. 3171: 3170:Palmer (1990) 3166: 3160:, p. 61. 3159: 3158:Palmer (1990) 3154: 3147: 3146:Palmer (1990) 3142: 3136:, p. 43. 3135: 3134:Palmer (1990) 3130: 3124:, p. 44. 3123: 3122:Barton (1930) 3118: 3111: 3110:Palmer (1990) 3106: 3100:, p. 42. 3099: 3098:Palmer (1990) 3094: 3088:, p. 42. 3087: 3086:Barton (1930) 3082: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3028: 3027:Barton (1914) 3023: 3021: 3013: 3012:Barton (1914) 3008: 3001: 3000:Barton (1914) 2996: 2989: 2988:Barton (1914) 2984: 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1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1803:Faroe Islands 1800: 1796: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1749:and countess 1748: 1744: 1740: 1733: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1719:Swedish court 1716: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638:Although the 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1372: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1336:Prussian Army 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:Battle of Ulm 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270:Bavarian Army 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156:Désirée Clary 1149: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:Army of Italy 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 996: 991: 982: 980: 979:Ancien Régime 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 934: 931: 929: 925: 924:French Empire 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 885: 880: 871: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790:generalissimo 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751:Désirée Clary 748: 744: 740: 739:French Empire 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 648: 641: 639: 636: 635: 633: 629: 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London: 5059:References 4994:# 52033733 2582:Pontecorvo 2580:Prince of 2344:He became 2121:after the 2108:Slottsgate 1935:, adopted 1894:Großbeeren 1774:Riksdalers 1766:Gustav III 1644:effrontery 1580:Norrköping 1578:Statue in 1564:Schönbrunn 1459:After the 1414:Königsberg 1371:St. Helena 1111:After the 1009:gasconades 957:, Vienne, 928:Napoleon I 908:prosecutor 743:Austerlitz 410:Allegiance 359:(adoptive) 345:Bernadotte 230:1763-01-26 15075:Carl Kaas 14490:Ministers 14405:Directors 13913:Louis XVI 13908:Charles X 13559:The Plain 13470:Girondins 13410:Lafayette 13071:(Walloon) 13053:Pál Kray 13029:(Walloon) 12571:(1800–02) 12422:Quasi-War 11881:Consulate 11767:(1795–99) 11222:Consulate 11215:Directory 11032:Casalanza 11007:Tauroggen 10962:Pressburg 10947:Lunéville 10852:conflicts 10685:Coalition 10535:La Suffel 10485:Tolentino 10369:Montereau 10354:Vauchamps 10303:Bornhöved 10258:Dennewitz 10203:Tarragona 10152:Chashniki 10052:Salamanca 9976:Tarragona 9900:Barquilla 9854:Almonacid 9814:Stockerau 9784:Stralsund 9754:2nd Porto 9734:Ebelsberg 9704:Abensberg 9674:1st Porto 9634:Castellón 9618:Benavente 9583:Valmaseda 9497:Friedland 9492:Heilsberg 9462:Ostrołęka 9452:Mohrungen 9386:Magdeburg 9315:Amstetten 9300:Trafalgar 9285:Elchingen 9270:Wertingen 9168:Brunswick 9093:Coalition 8804:MacDonald 8759:Bessières 8668:Norwegian 8560:1751–1818 8551:Oldenburg 8504:1654–1751 8468:Christina 8453:Sigismund 8431:1523–1654 8231:Eric XIII 8214:Eric XIII 8204:Eric XIII 8189:1389–1523 8152:1364–1389 8126:Magnus IV 8116:Magnus IV 8094:1250–1364 8071:Eric "XI" 8059:Eric "XI" 8010:Magnus II 7889:1160–1161 7681:1814–1905 7648:Only 1814 7565:1524–1814 7522:Charles I 7500:1387–1523 6531:, of the 5702:New title 5477:(1911). " 5404:9 January 5005:"Désirée" 4576:26 August 4511:14 August 4481:14 August 2657:") and a 1898:Dennewitz 1826:Stralsund 1795:Greenland 1620:Stockholm 1596:Charlotte 1560:Catalonia 1422:Mohrungen 1393:Corps to 1391:Blücher's 1332:Auerstädt 1212:Louisiana 1137:tricolour 1059:Directory 963:Île de Ré 959:Marseille 916:lay abbot 684:Norwegian 454:1780–1844 389:Signature 254:Stockholm 173:In office 150:Successor 125:Successor 106:, Norway) 96:, Sweden) 14692:Interior 14273:Panthéon 14261:Muscadin 14256:Marianne 14195:Voltaire 14074:Jacobins 14067:Factions 13607:Mirabeau 13063:(French) 11957:Jemappes 11941:Dauphiné 11424:Nobility 11236:Journals 11229:Glossary 11208:Republic 11180:Timeline 11103:Uniforms 11017:Chaumont 10935:Treaties 10636:Joseph I 10576:Napoleon 10520:Waterloo 10460:Casaglia 10424:Toulouse 10308:Sehested 10283:Bidassoa 10263:2nd Kulm 10248:1st Kulm 10238:Katzbach 10228:Sorauren 10223:Pyrenees 10188:Castalla 10172:Berezina 10162:Smoliani 10132:Tarutino 10117:Borodino 10107:Valutino 10097:Smolensk 10067:Ostrovno 10037:Maguilla 10001:Valencia 9991:Saguntum 9839:Talavera 9719:Ratisbon 9709:Landshut 9684:Bergisel 9679:Medellín 9593:Espinosa 9553:Valencia 9426:Czarnowo 9396:Pasewalk 9391:Prenzlau 9366:Saalfeld 9305:Caldiero 9275:Günzburg 9153:Sardinia 9128:Portugal 8854:Sérurier 8844:Pérignon 8799:Lefebvre 8754:Berthier 8744:Augereau 8720:Marshals 8631:Gustaf V 8626:Oscar II 8448:John III 8443:Eric XIV 8438:Gustav I 8196:Margaret 8179:indicate 8101:Valdemar 8048:Eric "X" 8033:Boleslaw 7954:Magnus I 7750:Harald V 7707:Oscar II 7511:Eric III 7506:Margaret 7231:872–1387 7138:Victoria 6529:Gustav I 6391:Children 6253:Children 6153:Children 6036:Children 5988:Children 5893:Children 5834:Children 5556:in JSTOR 4856:9 August 4850:Archived 4826:Archived 4815:Archived 4793:13 March 4787:Archived 4759:archived 4707:Archived 4680:Archived 4657:Archived 4635:Archived 4570:Archived 4505:Archived 4475:Archived 4352:Archived 4007:Archived 3940:Archived 3817:Archived 3229:Archived 2719:See also 2449:Russia: 2278:Sweden: 2251:National 2155:porphyry 2088:Storting 2025:de facto 1801:and the 1677:Henry IV 1527:Raasdorf 1513:Aderklaa 1437:Cossacks 1348:Naumburg 1343:Dornburg 1301:Salzburg 1168:Jacobins 1150:, France 1102:Gradisca 1023:. 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