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excelled him. His conduct of affairs in Egypt, at a time when the treasury was empty and the troops were discontented for want of pay, shows that his powers as an administrator were little, if at all, inferior to those he possessed as a general. While Kléber himself had a mixed view of
Napoleon (including cursing at him and drawing mocking caricatures of him), Bonaparte thought highly of Kléber's skill, stating that there was, "No sight so splendid as watching Kléber go into battle", and he likened him to the God of War Mars.
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Kléber emerged as undoubtedly one of the greatest generals of the French revolutionary epoch. Though he distrusted his powers and declined the responsibility of supreme command, there is nothing in his career to show that he would have been unequal to it. As a second-in-command no general of his time
796:
The campaign was not going well for the French as
Napoleon withdrew and returned to France towards the end of 1799. Napoleon left Kléber in command of the French forces, without consulting Kléber before leaving. In this capacity, seeing no hope of bringing his army back to France or of consolidating
865:
student living in Egypt. The assassin appeared to be begging from Kléber, but then took his hand and stabbed him in the heart, stomach, left arm, and right cheek, before running away to hide near the palace. He was soon caught, still in possession of the dagger which he had used to kill Kléber, and
820:
Kléber, son of an operative mason and a prominent freemason himself, was attestedly instrumental in bringing freemasonry to Egypt. While he was negotiating with Sidney Smith in
January 1800, Kléber opened a masonic temple in Cairo and thus created the Isis lodge
736:
on 1 June that year enabling
Jourdan to get the bulk of the French force across the Rhine. After the retreat to the Rhine, Kléber again declined a chief command, and retired into private life in early 1798. He returned to service later that year, first in the
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frontier. In the winter of 1794–1795 he besieged Mainz. In 1795, and again in 1796, Kléber held the chief command of the army temporarily, but declined a permanent appointment as commander-in-chief.
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When Kléber openly expressed his opinion that the Vendéans merited lenient measures, the authorities recalled him, but reinstated him once more in April 1794 and sent him to the
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in July 1793 he so distinguished himself that, though disgraced along with the rest of the garrison and imprisoned, he promptly won reinstatement, and was promoted to
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589:(1787–1793), which was originally designed as a hospital but turned into an administrative building before its completion. Other surviving buildings are the
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The Armies of the First French
Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle
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in a public square in Cairo and left for several hours to die. Suleiman's skull was shipped to France and used to teach medical students what the French
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585:. Between 1784 and 1792, he designed a number of buildings both on public and private commission. Perhaps the most notable is the current town hall of
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was later executed. The assassination happened in Cairo on 14 June 1800, coincidentally the same day on which Kléber's friend and comrade,
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813:. Although he had only 10,000 men against 60,000 Turks, Kléber's forces utterly defeated the Turks on 20 March 1800. He then re-took
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After his assassination, Kléber's embalmed body was repatriated to France. Fearing that his tomb would become a symbol of
Republicanism,
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Shortly after these victories, while Kléber was walking in the garden of the palace of Alfi bika, he was stabbed to death by
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features a room dedicated to Jean-Baptiste Kléber that also displays a number of his sketches and architectural designs.
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527:. His opportune assistance to two German nobles in a tavern brawl obtained for him nomination to the military school of
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Dictionnaire universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie (Marc de Jode, Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara, ed. Larousse, 2011)
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seven years later. However, his humble birth hindered his opportunities. Eventually, Kléber's joined the
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1332:"Tour nécropolitain du métropolitain – 2nde partie : de J à Q – Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs"
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and managed to keep his command. A month later, Kléber contributed to the
Republican victory at
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On returning to France, Kléber received the appointment of inspector of public buildings at
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8:
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679:
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338:
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254:
200:
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La franc-maçonnerie révélée aux profanes (Pierre Ripert – ed. Presses de
Chatelet- 2009)
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561:. Finding that his humble birth hindered his chances for promotion beyond that of an
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but did not see major engagements. He was stationed alternately in the garrisons of
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1209:
Napoleon in Egypt: The
History and Legacy of the French Campaign in Egypt and Syria
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Kléber wounded in front of
Alexandria, engraving by Adolphe-François Pannemaker
512:
429:; 9 March 1753 – 14 June 1800) was a French military officer who served in the
355:
42:
1239:"Freemasonry in Egypt 1798-1921: A Study in Cultural and Political Encounters"
922:. He was buried on 15 December 1838 below his statue located in the center of
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and deployed to Western France, where he took part in the suppression of the
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On 13 October 1795 he fought a brilliant rearguard action at the bridge of
596:
520:
4772:
French Republican military leaders killed in the French Revolutionary Wars
1123:"Château, puis tréfilerie et usine de petite métallurgie dites le Château"
476:
in 1798. As the invasion started to suffer setbacks, Napoleon returned to
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4278:
4055:
4025:
3174:
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915:
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1421:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 845.
942:. Kléber's name is inscribed in column 23 on the southern pillar of the
682:
on 17 October 1793. In these operations began his intimacy with General
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claimed were the cranial features indicating "crime" and "fanaticism"
591:
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782:
706:
644:
599:(often erroneously spelled "Granvillars"), built around 1790 and the
492:
453:
46:
1485:
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in the first engagement, which prevented him for taking part in the
705:. He displayed his skill and bravery in the numerous actions around
4777:
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
4616:
4611:
4550:
4429:
4303:
3069:
903:
713:(26 June 1794). During the following years he served mostly in the
608:
600:
550:
469:
464:. Kléber retired to private life in the peaceful interim after the
1613:
1402:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1185:
Bertaud, Jean-Paul. "KLEBER, Jean-Baptiste (1753-1800), général".
829:. The motto of the lodge was the slogan of the French Revolution:
611:(1781–1790). Nine of these houses had been planned but due to the
480:
in 1799 and appointed Kléber as commander of all French forces in
725:
582:
1463:
Jean-Baptiste Kléber : le lion indomptable : 1753-1800
773:, and caused his appointment as governor of Alexandria. In the
565:, he left the Austrian army in 1783 after serving seven years.
528:
508:
3684:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
809:
refused to ratify the terms, Kléber attacked the Turks at the
732:'s most active and successful lieutenant, with his victory at
728:, and in the offensive campaign of 1796, he served as General
3618:
1286:
Halverson, Jeffry R.; Greenberg, Nathaniel (5 October 2017).
939:
814:
718:
495:, Kléber, in times of peace, designed a number of buildings.
485:
477:
87:
670:
on 19 September 1793, he maintained good relations with the
777:
campaign of 1799, however, he commanded the vanguard, took
573:
4782:
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
3658:
3498:
643:, Kléber enlisted in the 4th Battalion of Volunteers of
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
531:. From this education, he obtained a commission in the
1350:"Kléber après Kléber (1800-2000) – Jean Paul Baillard"
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
990:, Austrian-born Soviet officer who gained fame in the
874:. The assassin's right arm was burned off, and he was
484:. He was assassinated by a Syrian theology student in
1243:
Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies)
4787:
Republican military leaders of the War in the Vendée
4414:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1073:
4646:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1736:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1030:
1285:
918:granted Kléber a burial place in his home town of
4792:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
503:Jean-Baptiste Kléber was born on 9 March 1753 in
4723:
3572:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
468:, but returned to military service to accompany
1614:Significant civil and political events by year
1479:, Charavay Frères Éditeurs, Paris, 1883 (sic)
1369:Swords Around A Throne: Napoleon's Grand Armee
1501:
1206:
4667:
4626:
4602:
4583:
3567:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
709:, and especially in the crowning victory at
622:
519:, but resigned to study, from 1770 to 1774,
449:in 1792 and quickly rose through the ranks.
2254:
1440:. Vol. 2. Pickle Partners Publishing.
1236:
3771:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
1508:
1494:
930:of the Governors beneath the altar of the
914:. It stayed there for 18 years until
817:, which had revolted against French rule.
31:
4812:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
4036:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
3694:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
3517:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
4837:People of the War of the First Coalition
4468:
1752:Nationalization of the Church properties
1407:
1067:
889:
842:
752:
626:
572:
4832:People assassinated in the 18th century
4697:Historiography of the French Revolution
3968:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
3679:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1477:J.-B. Kléber : un fils de l'Alsace
4724:
3704:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
3659:Other significant figures and factions
1432:
1366:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1079:
4572:
4467:
3751:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
3657:
3507:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3446:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3404:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
3007:
2253:
1884:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
1612:
1515:
1489:
424:
3905:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
3317:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
3008:
2104:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1202:
1200:
1198:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1148:"Abbaye de bénédictines Saint-Léger"
994:under the pseudonym "General Kléber"
765:but suffered a wound in the head at
748:
515:. He briefly engaged in 1769 in the
437:. After serving for one year in the
4573:
3512:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1225:
1184:
16:French military officer (1753–1800)
13:
4797:Military personnel from Strasbourg
4702:Influence of the French Revolution
4692:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3456:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3417:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
1672:Convocation of the Estates General
1455:
1371:. USA: Da Capo Press. p. 42.
1316:. 31 December 2009. Archived from
1010:
789:, and won a great victory at the
745:under General Napoleon Bonaparte.
741:, then accepted a division in the
346:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
14:
4848:
4344:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4076:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3378:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3160:François Christophe de Kellermann
2399:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1195:
1165:
801:(24 January 1800) with Commodore
797:his conquests, he negotiated the
761:Kléber followed Bonaparte in his
660:Army of the Coasts of La Rochelle
4071:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
3978:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
3948:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
3839:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
3617:
3582:
3552:
3527:
3484:
3358:
3235:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3016:
1788:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1395:
926:. His heart is in an urn in the
838:
537:Infantry Regiment Nr. 38 of the
407:
151:
139:
127:
115:
4807:People of the French Revolution
4409:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4156:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4081:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3292:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
3287:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3267:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
3095:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2013:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1360:
1342:
1324:
1306:
1279:
1270:
1261:
678:, earning him his promotion to
568:
511:, where his father worked as a
498:
4822:18th-century French architects
4682:Women in the French Revolution
4284:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3461:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3125:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
2754:French invasion of Switzerland
1140:
1115:
1085:
1013:"General Jean-Baptiste Kléber"
1004:
852:Musée historique de Strasbourg
658:Kléber was then posted to the
617:Musée historique de Strasbourg
543:War of the Bavarian Succession
431:War of the Bavarian Succession
240:War of the Bavarian Succession
1:
4767:French people murdered abroad
4687:Incroyables and merveilleuses
4506:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4294:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3425:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3396:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
2693:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2446:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2420:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2229:Constitution of the Year VIII
1964:Committee of General Security
1849:National Legislative Assembly
1704:National Constituent Assembly
1426:
949:
639:In 1792, at the start of the
615:, only seven were built. The
443:army of the Holy Roman Empire
4605:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4399:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4289:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4186:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4086:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
3776:Charles Malo François Lameth
3451:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3282:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3225:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2425:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2112:Constitution of the Year III
1465:, Éditions Vent d'Est 2012,
832:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
686:, with whom he defeated the
399:(Southern Pillar, Column 23)
7:
4757:Deaths by stabbing in Egypt
4501:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4126:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4061:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4021:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
3900:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
3885:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
3880:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
3689:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
3542:William V, Prince of Orange
2412:First Battle of Wissembourg
2369:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2085:Closing of the Jacobin Club
1954:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
1911:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
1771:Abolition of the Parlements
1744:Women's March on Versailles
958:
10:
4853:
4752:Assassinated French people
4636:French Republican calendar
4191:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
3816:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
3170:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3120:Charles François Dumouriez
3110:Jacques François Dugommier
2924:League of Armed Neutrality
2757:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
2709:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
2532:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2511:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2175:Second Congress of Rastatt
1959:Committee of Public Safety
1946:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
672:representatives on mission
541:army. He took part in the
517:French 1st Hussar Regiment
458:War of the First Coalition
292:War of the First Coalition
4742:French governors of Egypt
4651:Cult of the Supreme Being
4579:
4568:
4474:
4463:
4422:
4256:
4249:
4134:
3991:
3913:
3824:
3811:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
3717:
3666:Patriotic Society of 1789
3664:
3653:
3615:
3580:
3550:
3525:
3482:
3469:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3391:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
3356:
3347:
3325:
3030:
3014:
3003:
2972:
2935:
2908:Convention of Alessandria
2890:
2797:
2744:
2675:
2545:
2519:
2436:
2333:
2260:
2249:
2205:
2194:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2186:
2159:
2096:
2032:
1927:
1860:
1809:
1763:
1655:What Is the Third Estate?
1646:
1619:
1608:
1523:
1211:. Charles River Editors.
1093:"Hôtel de ville de Thann"
885:
666:. Although beaten at the
641:French Revolutionary Wars
623:French Revolutionary Wars
460:, he also suppressed the
447:French Revolutionary Army
435:French Revolutionary Wars
426:[ʒɑ̃batistklebɛʁ]
403:
388:
245:French Revolutionary Wars
222:
206:
196:
184:
179:French Revolutionary Army
164:
110:
97:
77:
54:
30:
23:
4802:People murdered in Egypt
4359:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4324:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4206:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4176:François-Nicolas Vincent
4161:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3335:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3230:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3210:François Séverin Marceau
3190:François Joseph Lefebvre
3085:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3060:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3055:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3050:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3040:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
2762:French Invasion of Egypt
2640:Second Battle of Bassano
2374:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2148:Conspiracy of the Equals
1841:The Constitution of 1791
1712:Storming of the Bastille
1367:Elting, John R. (1997).
1289:Islamists of the Maghreb
998:
894:Statue of Kléber on the
825:), serving as its first
715:Army of Sambre and Meuse
474:French invasion of Egypt
213:Army of Sambre and Meuse
210:4th Haute-Rhin Battalion
4339:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4211:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4171:Antoine-François Momoro
4166:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3983:François de Neufchâteau
3933:Charles-François Lebrun
3875:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
3756:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
3632:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3438:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3433:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3065:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2879:Second Battle of Zurich
2770:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2616:First Battle of Bassano
2454:Second Battle of Boulou
2255:Revolutionary campaigns
2213:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2128:Council of Five Hundred
1916:First republic declared
1852:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1833:Declaration of Pillnitz
1557:Constitutional monarchy
1418:Encyclopædia Britannica
906:ordered it held at the
848:Assassination of Kléber
523:, partly in Paris with
270:Second Battle of Cholet
4827:1800 murders in Africa
4747:Alsatian-German people
4668:
4627:
4603:
4584:
4096:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
4091:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4001:Maximilien Robespierre
3834:Jacques Pierre Brissot
3699:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3130:Louis-Charles de Flers
3115:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3080:Jean François Carteaux
2855:First Battle of Zurich
2818:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
2773:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
2733:Treaty of Campo Formio
2479:Glorious First of June
2407:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
2366:Expedition to Sardinia
2044:Desmoulins guillotined
1979:Assassination of Marat
1971:Fall of the Girondists
1943:Revolutionary Tribunal
1935:Execution of Louis XVI
1825:Champ de Mars massacre
1728:Abolition of Feudalism
1314:"Halabi, Suleiman al-"
1207:Charles River (2018).
899:
854:
799:Convention of El-Arish
771:Battle of the Pyramids
758:
636:
578:
466:Treaty of Campo Formio
334:Battle of Altenkirchen
329:Rhine Campaign of 1796
265:Battle of La Tremblaye
4541:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3806:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3786:Jean-François Rewbell
3272:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3155:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3145:Jacques Maurice Hatry
2916:Battle of Hohenlinden
2789:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
2624:Battle of Emmendingen
2571:Battle of Castiglione
2458:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
2389:Battle of Hondschoote
2060:Thermidorian Reaction
2024:(throughout the year)
1797:Fête de la Fédération
1723:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
1707:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
1691:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
1434:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1413:Kléber, Jean Baptiste
1191:. Éditions Fayardurl.
1188:Dictionnaire Napoléon
893:
846:
793:on 15–16 April 1799.
791:Battle of Mount Tabor
756:
730:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
630:
576:
507:, in the province of
422:French pronunciation:
366:Battle of Mount Tabor
185:Years of service
159:French First Republic
4469:Influential thinkers
4216:Jean-François Varlet
4116:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4111:Jean Bon Saint-André
3938:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
3860:Marquis de Condorcet
3709:Nicolas de Condorcet
3474:Dagobert von Wurmser
3307:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3250:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3165:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3100:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3090:Chapuis de Tourville
2632:Battle of Schliengen
2579:Battle of Theiningen
2500:Battle of Aldenhoven
2384:Battle of Wattignies
2353:Battle of Neerwinden
2167:Coup of 18 Fructidor
1680:Death of the Dauphin
1320:on 31 December 2009.
1237:Karim Wissa (1989).
975:Kléber (Paris Métro)
910:, on an island near
861:, a Kurdish or Arab
811:Battle of Heliopolis
703:Army of the Ardennes
664:Revolt in the Vendée
633:Louis-Léopold Boilly
559:Austrian Netherlands
418:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
371:Battle of Heliopolis
25:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4556:Mary Wollstonecraft
4334:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4121:Pierre Louis Prieur
4066:Jean-Henri Voulland
4041:Jacques-Louis David
3973:Jean Joseph Mounier
3674:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3312:Belgrand de Vaubois
3200:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3140:Emmanuel de Grouchy
2945:Treaty of Lunéville
2584:Battle of Neresheim
2529:Siege of Luxembourg
2508:Siege of Luxembourg
2463:Battle of Tourcoing
2394:Siege of Bellegarde
2221:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2133:Council of Ancients
1908:National Convention
1900:September Massacres
1876:Brunswick Manifesto
1868:France declares war
1635:Assembly of Vizille
1336:landrucimetieres.fr
1103:on 24 February 2016
763:expedition to Egypt
680:general of division
668:Battle of Tiffauges
635:, between 1793–1796
393:Inscription on the
339:Battle of Friedberg
307:Battle of Gosselies
255:Battle of Tiffauges
201:General of division
188:1769–1770 (France)
4394:Loménie de Brienne
4369:Madame de Lamballe
4304:Napoléon Bonaparte
4101:Prieur de la Marne
4016:Camille Desmoulins
3870:Marie Jean Hérault
3746:Jean-Sifrein Maury
3741:Arnaud de La Porte
3597:Alexander Korsakov
3383:Count of Clerfayt
3302:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3215:Auguste de Marmont
3070:Napoléon Bonaparte
2961:Algeciras campaign
2953:Treaty of Florence
2831:Battle of Stockach
2664:Ireland expedition
2648:Battle of Calliano
2608:Battle of Rovereto
2600:Battle of Würzburg
2052:Law of 22 Prairial
2021:Anti-clerical laws
1996:The Death of Marat
1817:Flight to Varennes
1011:Jensen, Nathan D.
932:Saint Louis Chapel
900:
859:Suleiman al-Halabi
855:
850:, painting in the
759:
743:Army of the Orient
698:in December 1793.
690:at the battles of
637:
579:
577:Town Hall of Thann
317:Battle of the Roer
260:Battle of Montaigu
217:Army of the Orient
192:1792–1800 (France)
39:Jean-Urbain Guérin
4817:French Freemasons
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4593:Cockade of France
4564:
4563:
4526:Antoine Lavoisier
4516:Benjamin Franklin
4496:Anacharsis Cloots
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4379:Louis de Breteuil
4221:Theophile Leclerc
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3602:Alexander Suvorov
3343:
3342:
3277:Józef Poniatowski
3195:Étienne Macdonald
2999:
2998:
2900:Battle of Marengo
2863:Battle of Trebbia
2847:Battle of Cassano
2839:Battle of Magnano
2823:Battle of Ostrach
2725:Battle of Neuwied
2487:Battle of Fleurus
2471:Battle of Tournay
2348:War in the Vendée
2284:Royalist Revolts
2245:
2244:
1802:
1778:Abolition of the
1696:Tennis Court Oath
1688:National Assembly
1517:French Revolution
1471:979-10-90826-06-9
1447:978-1-908692-25-2
1299:978-1-351-60510-6
1097:patrimoine.alsace
992:Spanish Civil War
749:Egyptian campaign
613:French Revolution
605:Benedictine abbey
539:Habsburg Austrian
439:French Royal Army
415:
414:
351:Siege of El Arish
312:Battle of Fleurus
302:Flanders Campaign
285:Battle of Savenay
280:Battle of Le Mans
250:War in the Vendée
171:French Royal Army
147:Kingdom of France
135:Holy Roman Empire
123:Kingdom of France
4844:
4673:
4661:Temple of Reason
4632:
4608:
4589:
4570:
4569:
4521:Thomas Jefferson
4465:
4464:
4384:de Chateaubriand
4314:Joseph Bonaparte
4309:Lucien Bonaparte
4299:Marie Antoinette
4254:
4253:
4241:Sylvain Maréchal
4196:François Hanriot
4031:Louis Philippe I
3958:Louis Philippe I
3953:Philippe Égalité
3895:Olympe de Gouges
3865:Charlotte Corday
3855:Étienne Clavière
3655:
3654:
3637:Antonio Ricardos
3622:
3621:
3607:Andrei Rosenberg
3587:
3586:
3557:
3556:
3532:
3531:
3502:Ralph Abercromby
3489:
3488:
3464:
3441:
3428:
3420:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3258:
3205:Marcellin Marbot
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3009:Military leaders
3005:
3004:
2992:
2984:
2980:Treaty of Amiens
2965:
2957:
2949:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2883:
2882:(25–26 Sep 1799)
2875:
2867:
2866:(17–20 Jun 1799)
2859:
2851:
2850:(27–28 Apr 1799)
2843:
2835:
2827:
2826:(20–21 Mar 1799)
2819:
2811:
2807:Second Coalition
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2717:Treaty of Leoben
2713:
2705:
2704:(14–15 Jan 1797)
2701:Battle of Rivoli
2697:
2689:
2685:Italian campaign
2668:
2660:
2659:(15–17 Nov 1796)
2656:Battle of Arcole
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2592:Battle of Amberg
2588:
2575:
2567:
2563:Battle of Lonato
2559:
2555:Italian campaign
2533:
2512:
2504:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2429:
2428:(26–27 Dec 1793)
2416:
2408:
2370:
2362:
2358:Battle of Famars
2326:
2251:
2250:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2198:
2179:
2171:
2152:
2144:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1820:(20–21 Jun 1791)
1800:
1792:
1784:
1775:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1639:
1631:
1627:Day of the Tiles
1610:
1609:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1475:Auguste Echard:
1461:Philippe Jéhin,
1451:
1422:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1099:. Archived from
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1017:frenchempire.net
1008:
684:François Marceau
655:in August 1793.
649:defense of Mainz
587:Thann, Haut-Rhin
441:, he joined the
428:
423:
411:
397:
190:1777–1783 (HRE)
166:
157:
155:
154:
145:
143:
142:
133:
131:
130:
121:
119:
118:
84:
64:
62:
35:
21:
20:
4852:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4762:French generals
4722:
4721:
4720:
4711:
4586:La Marseillaise
4575:
4574:Cultural impact
4560:
4470:
4451:
4418:
4374:Madame du Barry
4364:Catherine Théot
4354:Thérésa Tallien
4245:
4236:Gracchus Babeuf
4181:François Chabot
4138:
4130:
4051:Georges Couthon
4046:Marquis de Sade
4011:Jean-Paul Marat
3987:
3943:Bertrand Barère
3909:
3820:
3801:Boissy d'Anglas
3796:Madame de Staël
3761:Antoine Barnave
3729:
3722:
3713:
3660:
3641:
3616:
3611:
3581:
3576:
3551:
3546:
3526:
3521:
3483:
3478:
3462:
3439:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3373:József Alvinczi
3357:
3339:
3321:
3262:Nicolas Oudinot
3252:
3185:Claude Lecourbe
3180:Charles Leclerc
3075:Guillaume Brune
3045:Pierre Augereau
3015:
3010:
2995:
2990:
2988:Treaty of Paris
2982:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2931:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2541:
2531:
2515:
2510:
2502:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2432:
2427:
2414:
2406:
2404:Siege of Toulon
2368:
2360:
2343:First Coalition
2329:
2320:
2256:
2241:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2201:
2196:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2007:
2005:Law of Suspects
1999:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1953:
1951:Reign of Terror
1945:
1937:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1805:
1790:
1782:
1773:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1731:(4–11 Aug 1789)
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1664:Réveillon riots
1658:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1615:
1604:
1519:
1514:
1458:
1456:Further reading
1448:
1429:
1411:, ed. (1911). "
1396:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1365:
1361:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1205:
1196:
1183:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1009:
1005:
1001:
961:
952:
944:Arc de Triomphe
888:
841:
751:
739:Army of England
653:brigade general
625:
571:
501:
452:Serving in the
421:
398:
395:Arc de Triomphe
392:
384:
383:
322:Battle of Mainz
234:
233:
215:
211:
191:
189:
177:
173:
152:
150:
149:
140:
138:
137:
128:
126:
125:
116:
114:
106:
86:
82:
66:
60:
58:
50:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4850:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4717:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4656:Cult of Reason
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4600:
4598:Flag of France
4595:
4590:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4404:Jacques Necker
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:Claire Lacombe
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Jacques Hébert
4147:
4145:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4006:Georges Danton
4003:
3997:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3850:Henri Grégoire
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Camille Jordan
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3495:
3493:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3406:
3401:
3393:
3388:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2871:Battle of Novi
2868:
2860:
2858:(4–7 Jun 1799)
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2651:(6–7 Nov 1796)
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2576:
2568:
2566:(3–4 Aug 1796)
2560:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2537:Peace of Basel
2534:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Siege of Mainz
2376:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2308:Siege of Mainz
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2140:13 Vendémiaire
2137:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2117:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1992:
1987:Levée en masse
1984:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1948:
1940:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1892:10th of August
1889:
1881:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1776:
1774:(Feb–Jul 1790)
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:online version
1473:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1409:Chisholm, Hugh
1385:
1384:
1377:
1359:
1341:
1323:
1305:
1298:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1224:
1218:978-1718863620
1217:
1194:
1164:
1139:
1114:
1084:
1082:, p. 141.
1072:
1029:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
985:
977:
972:
967:
960:
957:
951:
948:
887:
884:
840:
837:
750:
747:
624:
621:
603:houses of the
570:
567:
513:master builder
500:
497:
413:
412:
405:
401:
400:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
356:Siege of Jaffa
353:
343:
342:
341:
336:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
309:
299:
297:Siege of Mainz
289:
288:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
242:
229:
228:
227:
226:
224:
220:
219:
208:
204:
203:
198:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
168:
162:
161:
112:
108:
107:
101:
99:
95:
94:
85:(aged 47)
79:
75:
74:
56:
52:
51:
43:Nationalmuseum
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4849:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:Sans-culottes
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Metric system
4639:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4466:
4462:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4440:Panthéon Club
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Joachim Murat
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Gilbert Romme
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3928:de Cambacérès
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:Madame Roland
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:André Chénier
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:Grace Elliott
3734:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3652:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Joseph Souham
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Joachim Murat
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:André Masséna
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3006:
3002:
2991:(25 Jun 1802)
2989:
2986:
2983:(25 Mar 1802)
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2959:
2956:(18 Mar 1801)
2954:
2951:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2914:
2911:(15 Jun 1800)
2909:
2906:
2903:(14 Jun 1800)
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2877:
2874:(15 Aug 1799)
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2834:(25 Mar 1799)
2832:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:Siege of Acre
2813:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2786:Peasants' War
2784:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2736:(17 Oct 1797)
2734:
2731:
2728:(18 Apr 1797)
2726:
2723:
2720:(17 Apr 1797)
2718:
2715:
2712:(25 Jan 1797)
2710:
2707:
2702:
2699:
2696:(13 Jan 1797)
2694:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2635:(26 Oct 1796)
2633:
2630:
2627:(19 Oct 1796)
2625:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2595:(24 Aug 1796)
2593:
2590:
2587:(11 Aug 1796)
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:(26 Jun 1794)
2488:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2474:(22 May 1794)
2472:
2469:
2466:(18 May 1794)
2464:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2449:(24 Apr 1794)
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:(13 Oct 1793)
2413:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2361:(23 May 1793)
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2232:(24 Dec 1799)
2230:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2216:(18 Jun 1799)
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2197:(11 May 1798)
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2165:
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4536:Thomas Paine
4491:Edmund Burke
4486:Beaumarchais
4480:Les Lumières
4478:
4319:Joseph Fesch
4231:Pauline Léon
4201:Jacques Roux
4140:
3724:
3164:
3150:Lazare Hoche
3135:Paul Grenier
3105:Louis Desaix
2964:(8 Jul 1801)
2948:(9 Feb 1801)
2919:(3 Dec 1800)
2842:(5 Apr 1799)
2643:(6 Nov 1796)
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2574:(5 Aug 1796)
2503:(2 Oct 1794)
2482:(1 Jun 1794)
2224:(9 Nov 1799)
2170:(4 Sep 1797)
2107:(1 Apr 1795)
2077:White Terror
2070:guillotined
2047:(5 Apr 1794)
1994:
1974:(2 Jun 1793)
1844:(3 Sep 1791)
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1155:. Retrieved
1151:
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1105:. Retrieved
1101:the original
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1075:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:
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970:Place Kléber
965:Lycée Kléber
953:
927:
924:Place Kléber
908:Château d'If
901:
896:Place Kléber
856:
847:
830:
823:La Loge Isis
822:
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803:Sidney Smith
795:
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631:Portrait by
597:Grandvillars
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569:Architecture
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521:architecture
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499:Early career
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417:
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230:
223:Battles/wars
105:, Strasbourg
103:Place Kléber
83:(1800-06-14)
81:14 June 1800
65:9 March 1753
37:Portrait by
18:
4737:1800 deaths
4732:1753 births
4546:Abbé Sieyès
4531:Montesquieu
4447:Social Club
4389:Jean Chouan
4279:Louis XVIII
4056:Roger Ducos
4026:Paul Barras
3993:Montagnards
3923:Abbé Sieyès
3726:monarchiens
3534:Netherlands
3463:(Hungarian)
3411:(Hungarian)
3327:French Navy
3253: [
3175:Jean Lannes
3032:French Army
2810:(1798–1802)
2781:(1798–1800)
2765:(1798–1801)
2495:Chouannerie
2456:(Pyrenees)
2321: [
2288:Chouannerie
2080:(Fall 1794)
2068:Robespierre
1157:16 February
1132:15 February
1107:15 February
1080:Phipps 2011
1022:16 February
916:Louis XVIII
456:during the
4726:Categories
4435:Cordeliers
4349:Talleyrand
4274:Louis XVII
4136:Hébertists
3890:Jean Debry
3720:Feuillants
3349:Opposition
3245:Michel Ney
2667:(Dec 1796)
2275:Thionville
2178:(Dec 1797)
2151:(May 1796)
2143:5 Oct 1795
2120:Directoire
2000:(painting)
1903:(Sep 1792)
1887:(Jun 1792)
1720:Great Fear
1659:(Jan 1789)
1550:Revolution
1427:References
1378:0306807572
1249:(2): 145.
950:Assessment
920:Strasbourg
912:Marseilles
870:, fell at
807:Lord Keith
767:Alexandria
555:Luxembourg
505:Strasbourg
491:A trained
111:Allegiance
68:Strasbourg
61:1753-03-09
4269:Louis XVI
4264:Charles X
3915:The Plain
3826:Girondins
3766:Lafayette
3427:(Walloon)
3409:Pál Kray
3385:(Walloon)
2927:(1800–02)
2778:Quasi-War
2237:Consulate
2123:(1795–99)
1578:Consulate
1571:Directory
1436:(2011) .
707:Charleroi
688:Royalists
645:Haut-Rhin
493:architect
488:in 1800.
454:Rhineland
404:Signature
231:See list:
47:Stockholm
4629:Panthéon
4617:Muscadin
4612:Marianne
4551:Voltaire
4430:Jacobins
4423:Factions
3963:Mirabeau
3419:(French)
2313:Jemappes
2297:Dauphiné
1780:Nobility
1592:Journals
1585:Glossary
1564:Republic
1536:Timeline
959:See also
904:Napoleon
779:El-Arish
734:Siegburg
609:Masevaux
601:canoness
551:Mechelen
470:Napoleon
433:and the
207:Commands
165:Service/
41:, 1798 (
4511:Diderot
4257:Figures
4142:Enragés
3848:Father
3559:Prussia
3491:Britain
3440:(Saxon)
3398:(Swiss)
3365:Austria
1406::
983:(train)
876:impaled
872:Marengo
726:Neuwied
717:on the
711:Fleurus
696:Savenay
692:Le Mans
592:château
583:Belfort
557:in the
534:Kaunitz
472:in the
4250:Others
3589:Russia
3023:France
2688:(1797)
2558:(1796)
2293:Vendée
2270:Verdun
2097:1795–6
2040:Danton
1599:Museum
1529:Causes
1469:
1444:
1400:
1375:
1296:
1255:195148
1253:
1215:
981:Kléber
928:caveau
886:Burial
868:Desaix
863:Syrian
827:master
785:, and
775:Syrian
676:Cholet
553:, and
529:Munich
509:Alsace
389:Awards
167:branch
156:
144:
132:
120:
98:Buried
72:France
4707:Films
3624:Spain
3257:]
2325:]
2318:Namur
2303:Lille
2280:Valmy
1251:JSTOR
999:Notes
940:Paris
815:Cairo
787:Jaffa
719:Rhine
486:Cairo
482:Egypt
478:Paris
88:Cairo
4139:and
3723:and
2973:1802
2937:1801
2892:1800
2799:1799
2746:1798
2677:1797
2547:1796
2521:1795
2438:1794
2335:1793
2262:1792
2206:1799
2187:1798
2160:1797
2042:and
2033:1794
1928:1793
1861:1792
1810:1791
1764:1790
1647:1789
1620:1788
1467:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1159:2016
1134:2016
1109:2016
1024:2016
783:Gaza
694:and
547:Mons
197:Rank
78:Died
55:Born
3499:Sir
1415:".
934:in
607:of
595:of
4728::
3255:fr
2323:fr
1352:.
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1247:16
1245:.
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59:(
49:)
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