229:
777:, 1914), also recounts the oral legend concerning the origins and history of the Maliks of Lesser Jīlū. It narrates that Malik Zāmū, considered the head of his clan, along with his brother Bayrijjé and their relatives, had come from the village of Ţirnākhīr in the Bohtān region and settled in the village of Ţelānā in Greater Jīlū. They had been exiled from their former homes by Kurds. Several Maliks inherited his position. One of the Maliks made strong kinship ties with one of the well-known families of Ţelānā by giving his daughter in marriage to one of their sons. It is not known when they settled in Zīr. From this clan was born a strongman named Aro, who later brought Ţelānā under his rule, and assumed the title and authority of Malik. He was succeeded by his son Malik Gewargīs, and then his grandson Malik Khammū, of whom nothing particular is known.
509:
31:
378:, along with the rest of the Qudshānis patriarchate, and returned to being traditionalist. The metropolitan bishops of Jīlū were usually nominated from the same clan and all bore the hereditary title Mār Sargīs. An exception to this appears to have been the patriarch Mār Shim'on XV Michael Mukhattas (1740-1780), who is said to have been metropolitan of Jīlū before being elevated to the patriarchate and, indeed, the Cathedral of Sts. Zayʿā and Tāwor is commonly held to have served at certain times as the residence of the patriarchs of that line.
501:
656:, where he settled as a refugee and built a large cathedral. After a while Malik Mandū is said to have freed Mār Shim'on from the Persians and brought him to Zêrīnī. For 60 years after that time the Mār Shim'ons lived in Zêrīnī. The grave of one of them was even said to be located in the village cemetery. It is not clear why they left Zêrīnī and settled in the village of Tirqônis, and later in
633:, killing those who refused to. Mandū did not molest those from four well-known families though, and ordered them to go and live in a nearby village. They went as ordered and their descendants still remained for some time but did not increase. Each had remained one family only. Descendants of Malik Mandū became Maliks of Greater Jīlū, and also took the name of Mandū.
702:
It continues to tell that the 'throne' of Malik Mandū was inherited by Malik Ahron. He attacked the
Kurdish castle of Khirwāt (modern-day Hirvata near the Gawar Plain), took it and destroyed it. It was a great victory. Malik Ahron was followed by another who took the name Mandū. He also, like former
381:
It is during this period that a new line of bishops belonging to the same clan as the metropolitans of Jīlū, Bé-Yagmālā, was established at the village of Gāgawran (modern-day Aksu) in the nearby Gāwār plain. These distant blood-relatives, who took the name Mār Slīvā, probably began as suffragans of
163:
in Iraq. The southern slopes of the massif are covered with broad-leaved forests (primarily oak), and the northern slopes are covered with steppes and shrub thickets where the inhabitants of Jīlū and Dīz would graze their herds during the summer. Among the animals which abound in these mountains are
753:
Malik Īshū was followed by Malik Mirzā. Nothing is known about this Malik. During the time of Malik Khālil who followed Malik Mirzā, Kurdish tribes attacked Jīlū tribes and stole 2,000 head of sheep. Malik Khālil complained to the
Ottoman government, later taking 400 strongmen from his tribe and 40
200:
and Zozān (including Jīlū) in the 1st century AD.The text also mentions that he was martyred somewhere in the Gawar plain, not far from Jīlū, and that later on a church was established on his burial site. Indeed, the ancient church in the Jīlū village of Sāţ (modern-day İkiyaka) is dedicated to St.
292:
region trace their ancestry to settlers originally from Jīlū. Among the most well known are the Malek-Yonan family of
Geogtapa, who are descended from a Jīlū chieftain who founded the village in the 16th century. He also built a church there dedicated to St. Zayʿā which he set with stones brought
219:
The Jīlū district is also home to one of the region's oldest churches, founded by St. Zayʿā and his disciple St. Tāwor in 427 AD. According to the Saint's vita, Jīlū at that time was the center of a kingdom named Jīlām-Jīlū and the church construction project was led by its king Bālaq son of King
749:
and took away 2,000 head of sheep. After that the tribe of Dīzan attacked Tkhūmā, occupied the lands of Qarāsū, and put their own cattle in their planted fields. Malik Īshū attacked the Dīzan tribe, and took their cattle. He then controlled their fields and collected their farming produce for
272:
and many of its villages lay abandoned for over a century. This is probably the reason why the colophon of a manuscript copied in 1490 at Bé-Silim in the Baz district mentions only the metropolitan of Mosul. Normally, Baz would have been included in either the diocese of Beth-Bghāsh or Jīlū.
188:
Not much is known about Jīlū's pre-Christian history due to its inaccessibility and instability, restricting any form of fieldwork, though prehistoric rock carvings have been found in the
Gevaruk valley near Sāţ and on the Tirisin Plateau. These have been dated to 10,000 years ago.
256:, an influential figure in the Church of the East's missionary movement, became bishop of Beth-Bghāsh c.770 AD, upon the retirement of his elderly uncle Gīwargīs, and remained in the diocese until his election as Catholicos-Patriarch in 780 AD. Although a native of Hazzah near
770:. As Lalayan had learned from a German Consul he knew, the German Government arrested Malik Khālil since they suspected him of fraud, i.e. collecting money for himself in the name of the Church, and he had requested the Consul to introduce him personally to German Government!
758:. He was forced to pay Malik Khālil 200 Liras, 682 sheep, seven mules, four cows, and some carpets and other things. Afterwards, in 1909 Malik Khālil traveled to Europe to collect money. He was dressed in his native clothes and was introduced into the presence of Pope
765:
The Pope gave his permission and in a short time he collected 18,000 Vatican Liras and returned home where he began to build a school building. He again went back to Europe to collect money. It appeared that he was impersonating a
Catholic monk in his travels in
201:
Mārī, and is the only church in the
Hakkari region or northern Iraq historically known to have had been. Mārī was also the name of one of the area's earliest bishops. He was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Catholicos Mār Dādīshoʿ in 424 AD.
707:, he attacked the district and killed a number of its inhabitants. Malik Mandū was followed by Malik Sulaymān and during his reign the Ottoman Government thought it was necessary to post its representatives in those parts. The Government appointed a local
540:, where a small church was built dedicated to St. Zayʿā. Then in 1941 his see was moved to Baghdad, where a large Jīlū émigré community existed at Camp al-Sikak (the "Railroads Camp") with a mud-brick church dedicated to St. Zayʿā built in the 1920s.
296:
Later in the 16th century, many inhabitants from Jīlū returned to rebuild their homes and churches. Those of Zêrīnī found the church of St. 'Azīzā in ruins and, after rebuilding it, they acquired a text of the saint's legend from the town of
607:. Mandū observed that he had reached his destination and decided to stay there and become the head of that district. He chose a good place, later known as Zārānīsh (Zêrīnī), just opposite from Pāchū. There he built a house for himself.
216:- is credited with having arrived in Jīlū during the 4th century AD, establishing a monastery in the village of Zêrīnī. The earliest surviving manuscript from the Jīlū district was copied in this monastery and dates back to 1212/3.
220:
Zūraq. This church for many centuries was the cathedral of the Mār Sargīs
Metropolitan Bishops of Jīlū. Most Jīlū's ancient churches are still standing, despite having been abandoned and in a state of decay for nearly a century.
547:
in 1958, a new
Cathedral dedicated to St. Zayʿā was built at Karrādat Maryam, with large contributions in money and in kind from Jīlū entrepreneurs Lira and Supar. On 24 June 1959 the new cathedral was dedicated by Metropolitan
559:
In the mid-1980s the cathedral was appropriated by the Iraqi government, which planned to turn the surrounding area into a restricted area. In return, a parcel of land was given in the
Mechanics' quarter (Hayy al-Mīkānīk) of
412:
in 1890 and 1895, but on both occasions he refused to convert to
Catholicism. It is around this time that the inhabitants of the large and isolated village of Sāţ converted to the Catholicism in their entirety.
719:(Shamsdin). These Chiefs tried in every way to prevent fighting between the various tribes in the area. Therefore, Malik Sulaymān and Malik Shlëmun who followed him, both had kept peace among the other tribes.
599:), traveling in the company of his four brothers: Bārut, Yôsip, Bākus and Issé. Mandū had promised that he would settle in a place where they could feed him the head and shanks of a sheep (a dish called
622:
for all the residents of the village. One day, as Mandū was walking according to his habit, he saw a large cave filled with human bones. He inquired and was told that some people had escaped from the
212:) where he built a church, known today as El Ahmar Kilisesi. A church also in Oramar dedicated to his disciple St. Daniel is now the village mosque. Afterwards, St. 'Azīzā - reputedly a disciple of
588:, 1914), there was an oral legend concerning the origins and history of the Maliks of Greater Jīlū. The tradition is probably full of historical errors, but must have some element of truth to it.
248:
from an early period. At the synod of Catholicos Mār Isaac in 410 AD Beth-Bghāsh, located in the Jīlū village of Bé-Baghshé, was confirmed as a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of
352:, and he is probably the same as the Metropolitan Mār Sargīs of Jīlū mentioned in hierarchies listed in the reports of 1607 and 1610 sent by Catholic patriarch Mār Shim'on X Eliyā (1600-1638) to
359:
In 1610 also, the large village of Sāţ is recorded as being the residence of bishop named Mār Gīwargīs, who was probably a suffragan of Mār Sargīs. The report of 1610 also mentioned that the
1118:
Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: with travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the desert: being the result of a second expedition undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum
960:
Discoveries in the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon; with travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the desert: being the result of a second expedition undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum
745:
the Kurds attacked, plundered, killed and stole their cattle, but Malik Wardā did not interfere to defend the Assyrian tribes. Malik Īshū, who followed Malik Wardā, attacked the Assyrian
618:
buried under the black stone. The next morning he went and found the key under the black stone, opened the church and entered it to pray. From that day that church became a place for
394:, who met him at the village of Nahrā in late August 1849, as "... a young man of lofty stature and handsome countenance..." and likened his look to that of a hunter or warrior.
348:
as Mār Shim'on IX Dinha (1580-1600). That year the new patriarch consecrated a metropolitan for Jīlū named Mār Sargīs, who was among the signatories of a letter from him to
762:. He explained to the Pope that he was Malik of Jīlū and added that there was no education in his country and requested Pope's permission to collect money to open schools.
228:
159:. The highest peak in the Cilo-Sat range is Toura Jelu (also known as Cilo dağı, maximum elevation 4,168 m), from the summit of which one can see as far as the city of
532:
refugee camp between 1918 and 1920, before moving to Mosul in 1920. From 1921 onward his see was fixed at the village of Khirshéniyah, immediately to the northwest of
276:
Most of the refugees from Jīlū fled to Assyrian districts in neighboring Iran. Evidence for this appears in the inclusion of Jīlū in the title of the metropolitan of
576:
the cathedral in Baghdad was closed, reopening in 2009. With the death of the resident parish priest in 2011, the cathedral is no longer used for regular worship.
614:
but did not know from where they had come. He also saw a black stone, and nearby, a locked church. In his dream that night he saw the key to the church and a
76:, Jīlū was surrounded and attacked by Turkish troops and neighboring Kurdish tribes under the leadership of Agha Sūtū of Oramar. It is now located around
564:. A new cathedral was built there and dedicated in 1986, forming the only parish of the "diocese of Baghdad" to which the current bishop from this line,
691:. He went to Dīzan and burned Mār Shim'on's residence near the village of Rabbān Dād-Īsho'. Later they collected money and built a new one for him in
136:
898:
568:, was assigned. In 2002 the bishop left for the United States and has since been unable to return to his diocese. He currently resides in exile at
520:
The last of these metropolitan bishops to reside at Mātā d-Mār Zayʿā was Mār Zayʿā Sargīs, who was consecrated at 11 years of age. During the
132:
903:
637:
552:
and Bishop Mār Īshoʿ Sargīs. This dedication was marked by the attendance of high-profile officials, among them the new Iraqi president
313:
Since the 16th century, and probably even earlier, the village of Mātā d-ʿUmrā d-Mār Zayʿā was the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the
893:
155:
The Jīlū district is home to the second highest mountain range in Turkey, the Cilo-Sat range, which are an eastern extension of the
367:
of Ishtāzin was named 'Caitar', and he was in charge of 500 fighters; and Sāţ was led by a man named 'Chartus', probably also a
626:
and had hidden themselves in this cave. The Persians found the cave and lit a fire before its entry, killing those inside it.
974:
176:(wild sheep), of which there are three varieties. There are also many birds, especially the large yellow partridge, and the
1255:
652:. The Persians then came and conquered the area and took Mār Shim'on to Persia, permitting him to live in the town of
1279:
68:
in this district. The area was traditionally divided into Greater and Lesser Jīlū, and Ishtāzin – each with its own
1131:
Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, including a summer in the Upper Karun region and a visit to the Nestorian rayahs
695:, and invited him to live in it. In this manner Mār Shim'on was made to accept the invitation to go and settle in
675:
He was therefore obliged to move to the district of Dīzan. Malik Mandū was not pleased that Mār Shim'on had left
253:
91:
along with other refugees from the Hakkari highlands. Today their descendants live all over the world including
1271:
The Church of the East and the Church of England: A History of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission
1144:
The Church of the East and the Church of England: A History of The Archbishop of Canterbury's Assyrian Mission
208:, who lived in the 3rd century AD, also credits him with having traveled to the village of Oramar (modern-day
958:
883:
17:
888:
839:
712:
684:
665:
603:). After a long journey Mandū and his brothers arrived at a place named Pāchū, where a poor man fed them
318:
233:
83:
After a brief struggle to maintain their positions, the Assyrian citizens of Jīlū were forced to flee to
45:
34:
77:
1204:
800:
1182:
1298:
409:
345:
722:
Malik Shlëmun was followed by Malik Wardā. It was said that he was bribed by the Kurdish chief of
878:
804:
508:
336:
The first historical mention of the diocese of Jīlū is from 1580, when the metropolitan of Jīlū,
65:
787:
742:
128:
932:
865:
573:
937:
1251:
864:
national leader and general of the Assyro-Chaldean battalion formed in 1920 as part of the
177:
8:
569:
549:
391:
196:, it was his disciple St. Ţomīs who was the first to bring Christianity to the region of
923:
981:
861:
641:
553:
544:
314:
245:
205:
985:
1275:
537:
521:
473:
19 December 1966, London (buried at St. Zayʿā Cathedral in Karrādat Maryam, Baghdad)
349:
73:
72:, and consisting of a number of Assyrian villages. In the summer of 1915, during the
30:
927:
834:
Malik of Greater Jilu in the early 1920s. He was deported with Catholicos-Patriarch
1303:
835:
565:
478:
156:
1222:
288:
in 1563 by the priest Paul of Oramar. Additionally, many Chaldean families in the
1269:
843:
144:
401:, who described him as "a magnificent-looking man with a superb gray beard, the
623:
592:
500:
302:
281:
660:, which was given to them as a gift by Malik Mandū. They did not stay long in
1292:
918:
696:
692:
688:
676:
661:
657:
561:
398:
112:
636:
The same tradition recounts that during the reign of one of the Maliks, the
1185:. AL-BAB: Impressions of a Middle East - Past and Present. October 19, 2009
852:
746:
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326:
269:
209:
913:
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Maliks, was a man of war. When there was a conflict with Malik Khubyar of
237:
197:
704:
629:
Around the village there used to live some pagans who Mandū converted to
375:
353:
322:
49:
615:
382:
Mār Sargīs and are first mentioned in a manuscript colophon from 1743.
193:
807:(1961-1970). Also known as "Daya Kurdistan" (the mother of Kurdistan).
330:
820:
796:
716:
653:
213:
169:
120:
57:
1105:
The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
1092:
The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
1079:
The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
1066:
The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
1027:
The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913
298:
249:
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of Jīlū was named David, and he commanded 4,000 fighting men; the
767:
755:
723:
619:
529:
513:
390:
Nineteenth-century bishop Mār Yawsip Sargīs was described by Sir
260:, his family is traditionally held to have originated from Jīlū.
165:
104:
1172:, Tehran: Assyrian Youth Cultural Society Press, 1968, pp. 31-32
1159:, Tehran: Assyrian Youth Cultural Society Press, 1968, pp. 27-31
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759:
649:
533:
525:
341:
280:
around 1552, and the copying of a manuscript in the village of
277:
124:
116:
108:
84:
53:
1055:, Tehran: Assyrian Youth Cultural Society Press, 1963, p. 895
1016:
908:
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611:
596:
337:
289:
285:
257:
160:
96:
69:
61:
1208:
595:," for some unknown reason set out from the city of Āthor (
374:
In the late 17th century the diocese severed its ties with
244:
The Jīlū district was also important in the history of the
173:
140:
100:
92:
88:
223:
610:
One day as Mandū was walking in the forest, he saw four
263:
803:
Activist, and commander of a guerrilla unit during the
317:. The diocese of this metropolitan bishop included the
963:. New York: New York, G.P. Putnam and Co. p. 430.
591:
It narrates that a man named Mandū, from the clan of "
397:
In 1891 he was visited by British explorer and writer
528:
district between 1915 and 1918, then remained at the
1257:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
1133:, London: J. Murray, 1891, vol. ii, pp. 282 and 306
236:of St. Mārī in the village of Sāt, Jīlū district,
1290:
1146:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992, pp. 175 and 178
754:Turkish soldiers to attack the Kurdish chief of
512:British soldier helping Jilu Assyrian refugees
204:A hitherto unpublished text of the Acts of St.
495:
904:Dioceses of the Church of the East after 1552
899:Dioceses of the Church of the East, 1318–1552
268:In 1448 the Jīlū district was ravaged by the
27:District in Hakkari region, Upper Mesopotamia
1094:, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000, p. 286-7
139:, established in 1935 by Jīlū refugees from
1120:, London: G.P. Putnam and Co., 1853, p. 434
726:, not to aid the Assyrian tribes of Dīzan,
1107:, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000, p. 282
1081:, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000, p. 301
1068:, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000, p. 278
1029:, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2000, p. 300
894:Dioceses of the Church of the East to 1318
489:Currently residing in Modesto, California
371:, who in his turn commanded 300 fighters.
344:, was elevated to the patriarchate of the
780:
668:, and prone to the raids of its Kurdish
507:
499:
227:
29:
1267:
579:
453:29 July 1888, Mātā d-ʿUmrā d-Mār Zayʿā
224:5th century, Church of the East origins
150:
14:
1291:
1250:
956:
687:on how he could return Mār Shim'on to
556:, as well as other religious leaders.
741:of Bohtan and his allies. During the
264:15th century, destruction and revival
1051:Beth-Zay‘ā, Esha‘yā Shamāshā Dāwīd,
664:either because the village was near
308:
734:when they were attacked by Kurdish
24:
984:. March–April 1984. Archived from
408:This bishop was approached by the
293:from the original church in Jīlū.
252:. The future Catholicos-Patriarch
25:
1315:
967:
679:. He conferred with the Kurdish
164:bears, leopards, wolves, foxes,
1215:
1197:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
467:1911, Mātā d-ʿUmrā d-Mār Zayʿā
445:1899, Mātā d-ʿUmrā d-Mār Zayʿā
439:1819, Mātā d-ʿUmrā d-Mār Zayʿā
385:
56:. Before 1915 Jīlū was home to
1263:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
1084:
1071:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1003:
950:
405:of an Oriental ecclesiastic."
44:was a district located in the
13:
1:
1223:"Militärledaren Malik Qambar"
975:"The Petroglyphs of Anatolia"
957:Layard, Austen Henry (1853).
943:
775:Assyrians of the Van District
640:(Catholicos-Patriarch of the
586:Assyrians of the Van District
417:Metropolitan Bishops of Jīlū
60:and as well as a minority of
884:List of Assyrian settlements
842:to Cyprus in 1933 after the
7:
1274:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
889:Assyrian Church of the East
872:
840:Assyrian Church of the East
572:. For many years after the
504:Assyrian Jilu fighters 1918
496:20th century, post-genocide
10:
1320:
1244:
1183:"Margaret George, Bandita"
801:Kurdistan Democratic Party
183:
1205:"Dominion - January 2010"
819:World champion Muay Thai
232:The ruins of the ancient
192:According to the Acts of
1229:(in Swedish). 2017-07-23
1053:Tash‘īthā d-Beth-Nahreyn
524:the bishop moved to the
410:Chaldean Catholic Church
346:Chaldean Catholic Church
131:there are two villages,
879:List of Assyrian tribes
805:First Kurdish Iraqi War
648:) and sought refuge in
456:5 July 1900, Qudshānis
1268:Coakley, J.F. (1992).
1170:Āthorāyé d-Māhal d-Wān
1157:Āthorāyé d-Māhal d-Wān
1116:Layard, Austen Henry,
788:Margaret George Shello
781:Notable Jīlū Assyrians
743:massacres of Badr Khan
584:According to Lalayan (
517:
505:
486:2 March 1967, Baghdad
241:
129:al-Hasakah Governorate
38:
37:of St. George in Jilu.
1252:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
1042:, Paris, 1902, p. 273
1013:, Paris, 1902, p. 285
866:French Foreign Legion
574:2003 invasion of Iraq
511:
503:
470:14 May 1951, Baghdad
459:12 May 1951, Baghdad
231:
33:
813:Fadi Merza Be-Gulawi
580:Legend and Tradition
550:Mar Yawsip Khnanishu
151:Geography and Nature
143:on the banks of the
1103:Wilmshurst, David,
1090:Wilmshurst, David,
1077:Wilmshurst, David,
1064:Wilmshurst, David,
1040:Synodicon Orientale
1025:Wilmshurst, David,
1011:Synodicon Orientale
860:Malik Qambar was a
644:) fled from Āthor (
570:Modesto, California
418:
392:Austen Henry Layard
333:), Ţāl, and Rékān.
329:, Chāl (modern-day
321:districts of Jīlū,
78:Yeşiltaş, Yüksekova
991:on 14 January 2010
982:Saudi Aramco World
938:Beyyurdu, Şemdinli
642:Church of the East
554:Abd al-Karim Qasim
518:
506:
436:Mār Yawsip Sargīs
416:
315:Church of the East
246:Church of the East
242:
206:Mammes of Caesarea
39:
862:Catholic-Assyrian
566:Mar Yawsip Sargis
538:Dohuk Governorate
522:Assyrian genocide
493:
492:
479:Mar Yawsip Sargis
464:Mār Īshoʿ Sargīs
450:Mār Zayʿā Sargīs
350:Pope Gregory XIII
309:16th-17th century
74:Assyrian genocide
66:Assyrian villages
16:(Redirected from
1311:
1285:
1264:
1262:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1129:Bird, Isabella,
1127:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1014:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
990:
979:
971:
965:
964:
954:
836:Shimun XXI Eshai
711:(Chief) each in
545:Iraqi revolution
442:1839, Qudshānis
419:
415:
157:Taurus Mountains
64:. There were 20
48:region of upper
21:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1312:
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747:Tkhuma Tribe
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145:Khabur River
82:
41:
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18:Jilu (tribe)
791:(1942–1969)
638:Mar Shim'on
376:Catholicism
354:Pope Paul V
50:Mesopotamia
1293:Categories
1233:2022-06-16
944:References
672:(prince).
616:candelabra
543:After the
403:beau-ideal
194:Saint Mari
178:red-legged
170:wild goats
821:kickboxer
797:Peshmerga
773:Lalayan (
750:himself.
717:Shamdinan
697:Qudshānis
693:Qudshānis
689:Qudshānis
677:Qudshānis
662:Qudshānis
658:Qudshānis
284:north of
254:Timothy I
238:Yüksekova
214:Mar Awgin
180:variety.
133:Tel-Gorān
121:Australia
58:Assyrians
1254:(1902).
873:See also
713:Julamerk
685:Julamerk
666:Julamerk
624:Persians
299:Bakhdida
250:Adiabene
137:Abū-Tīnā
1304:Hakkari
1245:Sources
919:Nochiya
838:of the
768:Germany
620:worship
536:in the
530:Baqubah
526:Salamas
514:Baqubah
342:Salamas
331:Çukurca
319:Hakkari
301:in the
278:Salamas
210:Dağlıca
184:History
166:chamois
105:Lebanon
46:Hakkari
1278:
1227:Huyada
1189:27 May
995:12 May
928:Halmon
760:Pius X
756:Oramar
732:Tkhūmā
724:Oramar
709:Rayyis
650:Alqosh
534:Alqosh
431:Death
425:Birth
327:Tkhuma
172:, and
125:Europe
117:Canada
111:, the
109:Russia
85:Salmas
54:Turkey
1261:(PDF)
989:(PDF)
978:(PDF)
924:Arosh
914:Gawar
909:Tyari
728:Ţyāré
654:Ushnū
646:Mosul
612:birds
605:pāchā
601:pāchā
597:Mosul
422:Name
369:Malik
365:Malik
361:Malik
338:Siirt
290:Urmia
286:Urmia
258:Arbil
198:Gawar
161:Mosul
97:Syria
70:Malik
62:Kurds
1276:ISBN
1191:2015
997:2011
926:and
736:Emir
681:Emir
670:Emir
516:Camp
340:and
282:Naze
174:ovis
141:Iraq
135:and
123:and
101:Iran
93:Iraq
89:Iran
42:Jīlū
705:Bāz
683:of
323:Baz
87:in
1295::
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1018:^
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20:)
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