331:). Warouw was appointed simultaneously as Vice Prime Minister and Development Minister of PRRI. The Indonesian government sent troops in an attempt to quell the rebellion. By 1960, the Indonesian army was gaining the upper hand in North Sulawesi. In April 1960, Warouw was captured and imprisoned by a fractious unit of the movement headed by Jan Timbuleng. He was killed on October 15, 1960, after being held for six months. His remains were only discovered in 1992 near Tombatu, which were moved and interred in his hometown of Remboken.
85:
122:
28:
310:
to force him to take action on the current crisis in
Indonesia. Soon after this meeting, Warouw would resign as Military Attaché and join the Permesta movement. He was considered one of the leaders of the movement along with Sumual and
221:
and emerged as a young military figure who showed valor during the battle. Starting from 1946, Warouw was assigned several military positions including Chief of Staff of the 6th
Division of the Sea Army of the Republic of Indonesia
294:. Because of continued grievances toward the central government in Java due to, among other things, the lack of regional autonomy, on March 2, 1957, Sumual declared the Universal Struggle Charter (
282:, because of the latter's support for the demonstrations in Jakarta. After serving as interim commander, on August 1, 1954, Warouw was officially installed as Commander of TT-VII/Indonesia Timur.
516:
Henley, David (2007). "Du
Persatuan Minahasa au Permesta: Sulawesi Nord et le Destin du Fédéralisme" [The Unity of Minahasa in Permesta: North Sulawesi and the Fate of Federalism].
605:
320:
600:
266:
and was responsible for the region of north and central
Sulawesi. In November 1950, he became Commander of Infantry Regiment 23 based in
290:
In 1956, Warouw was appointed military attaché in
Beijing. His command of TT-VII/Indonesia Timur was transferred to Lieutenant Colonel
182:
590:
185:, Warouw was involved in organizing and became deputy leader of the "Republic of Indonesia Youth of Sulawesi" militia (
585:
138:
106:
234:. In 1948, he was appointed Deputy Commander of the 16th Brigade (Brigade XVI) and would subsequently succeed
278:
where a group from the military called for the dissolution of the legislature, Warouw arrested his superior,
435:
Ventje Sumual, Pemimpin Yang
Menatap Hanya Ke Depan: Biografi Seorang Patriot, Filsuf, Gembong Pemberontak
312:
63:
47:
372:
The
Indonesian Army: A Socio-political Study of an Armed, Privileged Group in the Developing Countries
141:. After the revolution, his appointments include Commander of VII/East Indonesia Military Territory (
595:
270:. In March 1952, he rose to the position of Chief of Staff of TT-VII/Indonesia Timur. After the
439:
Ventje Sumual, a Leader that only Looks
Forward: A biography of a Patriot, Philosopher, Rebel
235:
580:
575:
8:
324:
295:
255:
247:
223:
198:
186:
142:
150:
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116:
111:
271:
231:
197:. This group was also known as the "Loyalty of the Indonesian People from Sulawesi" (
84:
241:
88:
279:
210:
67:
161:
movement that sought greater regional autonomy from the central government in
569:
291:
121:
174:
71:
165:. He was killed by a fractious unit toward the end of the movement.
267:
206:
194:
158:
316:
307:
275:
154:
469:
Feet to the Fire: CIA Covert
Operations in Indonesia, 1957-1958
263:
518:
Moussons: Recherche en
Sciences Humaines Sur l'Asie du Sud-Est
242:
VII/East Indonesia Military Territory (TT-VII/Indonesia Timur)
27:
303:
205:) in Surabaya. This group was mostly made up of men from the
392:] (in Indonesian). Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. 1997.
374:. Southeast Asian Studies Committee, James Cook University.
315:. Permesta allied itself with a separate movement based in
246:
In April 1950, Warouw was assigned as Troop Commander "B" (
214:
178:
162:
133:(8 September 1917 – 15 October 1960), also known as
230:) in Lawang and Chief of Staff of Base X of the TLRI in
168:
321:
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
496:
357:
The Tragedy of the Fighter and Rebel Kahar Muzakkar
329:Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI)
567:
497:Lapian, Ed; Frieke, Ruata; Matindas, BE (2009).
302:). In February 1958, Warouw and Sumual went to
147:Tentara dan Teritorium (TT) VII/Indonesia Timur
402:
353:Tragedi Patriot dan Pemberontak Kahar Muzakkar
254:), which in 1952 became Infantry Regiment 24 (
177:, Warouw was part of the Dutch colonial army (
432:
346:
344:
606:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army personnel
191:Pemuda Republik Indonesia Sulawesi (PERISAI)
411:
350:
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203:Kebaktian Rakjat Indonesia Sulawesi (KRIS)
26:
137:, was a military officer involved in the
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451:
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405:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
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369:
183:proclamation of Indonesian independence
601:People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies
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553:
547:
515:
509:
490:
363:
228:Tentara Laut Republik Indonesia (TLRI)
157:. He was subsequently involved in the
433:Matindas, Benny; Supit, Bert (1998).
300:Piagam Perjuangan Semesta (Permesta)
169:Struggle for Indonesian Independence
505:] (in Indonesian). Bina Insani.
475:
441:] (in Indonesian). Bina Insani.
13:
456:. University of Wisconsin-Madison.
454:Rebellions in Indonesia, 1950-1960
14:
617:
541:The Trail of a Resistance Fighter
378:
537:Jejak Perlawanan Begawan Pejuang
390:The Birth a Country and a Nation
120:
83:
418:"Manado and Tumou Tou Spirit".
403:McTurnan Kahin, George (1952).
386:Lahirnya Satu Bangsa dan Negara
351:Syafaruddin, Usman Mhd (2010).
503:Memoirs of Ventje H. N. Sumual
482:"Indonesia: Brink of Revolt".
359:] (in Indonesian). Narasi.
181:). After the war and upon the
139:Indonesian National Revolution
107:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
591:Indonesian military personnel
422:. Jakarta. February 28, 2006.
334:
238:as commander of the brigade.
543:] (in Indonesian). 2000.
260:Resimen Infanteri 24 (RI-24)
252:Komando Pasukan (Kompas) "B"
7:
535:Katoppo, Aristides (2000).
285:
10:
622:
556:Permesta: Half a Rebellion
217:. Warouw took part in the
48:Batavia, Dutch East Indies
524:. Université de Provence.
499:Memoar Ventje H.N. Sumual
452:Peterson, Robert (1961).
102:
94:
77:
53:
34:
25:
18:
554:Harvey, Barbara (2009).
471:. Naval Institute Press.
467:Morrison, James (1999).
370:Utrecht, Ernst (1978).
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299:
259:
251:
227:
202:
190:
146:
131:Jacob Frederick Warouw
586:Indonesian Christians
558:. Equinox Publishing.
213:who were residing in
486:. February 17, 1958.
407:. SEAP Publications.
262:). He was based in
306:to meet President
219:Battle of Surabaya
117:Permesta rebellion
112:Battle of Surabaya
272:17 October affair
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45:September 8, 1917
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151:Military Attaché
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57:October 15, 1960
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68:North Sulawesi
61:(aged 43)
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319:called the "
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175:World War II
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103:Battles/wars
59:(1960-10-15)
581:1960 deaths
576:1917 births
135:Joop Warouw
20:Joop Warouw
570:Categories
335:References
325:Indonesian
296:Indonesian
256:Indonesian
248:Indonesian
224:Indonesian
209:region in
199:Indonesian
187:Indonesian
143:Indonesian
41:1917-09-08
232:Situbondo
72:Indonesia
286:Permesta
268:Parepare
207:Minahasa
195:Surabaya
159:Permesta
78:Service/
64:Minahasa
317:Sumatra
308:Sukarno
276:Jakarta
173:Before
155:Beijing
98:Colonel
264:Manado
149:) and
119:
80:branch
539:[
501:[
437:[
388:[
355:[
304:Tokyo
193:) in
484:TIME
215:Java
179:KNIL
163:Java
95:Rank
54:Died
35:Born
323:" (
274:in
153:in
572::
522:11
343:^
327::
298::
258::
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226::
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189::
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70:,
66:,
222:(
43:)
39:(
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