150:
103:
182:, Karbeas was only the military leader of the Paulician community, and no successor to Sergius as the spiritual head was appointed. Indeed, Photius records that although capable and gifted with persuasive speech, Karbeas was utterly without moral scruples, and that he fought less for his faith, rather than for glory. According to a version of the martyrdom of the
240:, VIII, 74–75) considers him a Muslim, listing him among the illustrious Muslims whose portraits were displayed in Byzantine churches in recognition of their valour. In addition, Marius Canard proposed him as an archetype for Yanis in the popular early
130:
against the
Paulicians in 843, where allegedly up to 100,000 Paulicians perished. Among the victims was Karbeas' father, who was impaled after refusing to renounce his faith. Consequently, with some 5,000 followers, Karbeas fled to the Arab emirate of
86:
206:
in person, taking many captives, some of whom he managed to persuade to join him. He died in 863, either of natural causes or at the hands of the
Byzantines in the
114:, but were seen as heretics by the Byzantine state and consequently suffered on-and-off persecution. Under the leadership of their spiritual and military head,
680:
135:. It is however possible that Karbeas and his co-religionists had fled to Arab territory before the pogrom, during the reign of Theodora's husband
695:
118:, they staged a number of revolts against Byzantium from their various strongholds throughout Asia Minor, occasionally collaborating with the
174:, which also included the newly founded cities of Amara and Argaous. From there, he participated regularly in the raids by the
500:
230:. In a similar manner, Chrysocheir is found in the figure of Digenes's grandfather, Chrysocheres. The 10th-century account of
655:
601:
580:
485:
110:
During the first decades of the 9th century, the
Paulicians were well established as a numerous and warlike community across
518:
59:, which he ruled until his death in 863. During this period he participated alongside Umar in several raids against the
56:
554:
194:, with several of his men. In 859, along with Umar he scored a major success in repelling a Byzantine attack on
611:
573:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit: 1. Abteilung (641–867), Band 2: Georgios (# 2183) – Leon (# 4270)
545:
621:
690:
593:
The
Tondrakian Movement: Religious Movements in the Armenian Church from the Fourth to the Tenth Centuries
179:
222:
Karbeas has been suggested as the inspiration behind Karoes (Καρώης), the Muslim uncle of the father of
477:
123:
568:
183:
564:
136:
8:
685:
675:
236:
207:
43:
leader, who, following the anti-Paulician pogroms in 843, abandoned his service in the
149:
651:
629:
597:
576:
550:
540:
528:
481:
187:
155:
115:
106:
Map of
Byzantine Anatolia and the Arab–Byzantine borderlands in the mid-9th century
60:
645:
615:
591:
471:
223:
513:
509:
96:
76:
44:
20:
669:
633:
625:
532:
505:
495:
231:
227:
81:
641:
628:. Brussels: Éditions de l'Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientales.
163:
52:
321:
211:
199:
650:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
111:
102:
72:
40:
171:
91:
425:
423:
620:. Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae (in French). French ed.:
246:
195:
167:
132:
48:
420:
241:
191:
175:
166:, Karbeas established an independent Paulician state centred on
203:
153:
Depiction of the
Byzantine attack on Samosata in 859, from the
127:
617:
Byzance et les Arabes, Tome I: La dynastie d'Amorium (820–867)
575:(in German). Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 455–456.
435:
119:
34:
24:
384:
567:; Ludwig, Claudia; Pratsch, Thomas; Zielke, Beate (2000).
473:
Digenēs Akritēs: New
Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry
360:
348:
338:
336:
309:
372:
287:
285:
283:
563:
327:
274:
47:
and went over to the Arabs. With the aid of the emir of
333:
297:
408:
396:
280:
447:
499:
667:
549:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
226:, the eponymous hero of the most famous of the
178:into Byzantine Asia Minor. According to the
122:. As a result, the Byzantine empress-regent
469:
441:
589:
519:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
390:
342:
315:
303:
527:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 233–239.
681:9th-century Byzantine military personnel
610:
429:
366:
354:
148:
101:
640:
539:
470:Beaton, Roderick; Ricks, David (1993).
414:
402:
378:
291:
668:
494:
453:
270:
268:
266:
264:
262:
162:With the aid of the emir of Melitene,
259:
210:, and was succeeded by his nephew,
13:
546:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
217:
57:Paulician principality of Tephrike
14:
707:
696:People of the Arab–Byzantine wars
647:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
141:
596:. London: Kahn & Averill.
1:
253:
85:(senior staff officer) under
75:family, and entered into the
7:
202:(r. 842–867) and his uncle
95:(military governor) of the
10:
712:
462:
35:
25:
590:Nersessian, Vrej (1987).
432:, p. 231 (Note #1).
126:launched an empire-wide
79:, rising to the post of
442:Beaton & Ricks 1993
186:, in 845 he was at the
66:
612:Vasiliev, Alexander A.
159:
107:
71:Karbeas belonged to a
565:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
184:42 Martyrs of Amorium
152:
105:
176:Arab border emirates
87:Theodotos Melissenos
691:Byzantine defectors
381:, pp. 310–311.
369:, pp. 231–232.
357:, pp. 229–231.
330:, pp. 455–456.
277:, pp. 455–456.
237:The Meadows of Gold
541:Kazhdan, Alexander
444:, pp. 35, 42.
208:Battle of Lalakaon
160:
108:
657:978-0-520-20496-6
603:978-0-900707-92-6
582:978-3-11-016672-9
569:"Karbeas (#3625)"
487:978-0-86078-395-4
393:, pp. 23–24.
328:Lilie et al. 2000
318:, pp. 52–53.
275:Lilie et al. 2000
198:, led by Emperor
188:Abbasid Caliphate
180:Patriarch Photius
55:, he founded the
703:
661:
637:
607:
586:
560:
536:
503:
501:"D̲h̲u 'l-Himma"
491:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
418:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
331:
325:
319:
313:
307:
301:
295:
289:
278:
272:
156:Madrid Skylitzes
145:
143:
116:Sergius-Tychicus
61:Byzantine Empire
38:
37:
28:
27:
711:
710:
706:
705:
704:
702:
701:
700:
666:
665:
664:
658:
604:
583:
557:
488:
465:
460:
452:
448:
440:
436:
428:
421:
413:
409:
401:
397:
391:Nersessian 1987
389:
385:
377:
373:
365:
361:
353:
349:
343:Nersessian 1987
341:
334:
326:
322:
316:Nersessian 1987
314:
310:
304:Nersessian 1987
302:
298:
294:, p. 1107.
290:
281:
273:
260:
256:
224:Digenes Akritas
220:
218:Cultural impact
140:
69:
12:
11:
5:
709:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
663:
662:
656:
638:
622:Henri Grégoire
608:
602:
587:
581:
561:
555:
543:, ed. (1991).
537:
496:Canard, Marius
492:
486:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:
456:, p. 237.
446:
434:
419:
417:, p. 452.
407:
405:, p. 311.
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
332:
320:
308:
296:
279:
257:
255:
252:
219:
216:
190:'s capital of
144: 829–842
97:Anatolic Theme
77:Byzantine army
68:
65:
45:Byzantine army
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
708:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
671:
659:
653:
649:
648:
643:
642:Whittow, Mark
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:Marius Canard
623:
619:
618:
613:
609:
605:
599:
595:
594:
588:
584:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
556:0-19-504652-8
552:
548:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
520:
515:
511:
507:
502:
497:
493:
489:
483:
479:
476:. Aldershot:
475:
474:
468:
467:
455:
450:
443:
438:
431:
430:Vasiliev 1935
426:
424:
416:
411:
404:
399:
392:
387:
380:
375:
368:
367:Vasiliev 1935
363:
356:
355:Vasiliev 1935
351:
345:, p. 53.
344:
339:
337:
329:
324:
317:
312:
306:, p. 79.
305:
300:
293:
288:
286:
284:
276:
271:
269:
267:
265:
263:
258:
251:
249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:Acritic songs
225:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:on the Upper
169:
165:
158:
157:
151:
147:
138:
134:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
104:
100:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
82:protomandator
78:
74:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
32:
22:
18:
646:
616:
592:
572:
544:
524:
517:
472:
449:
437:
415:Kazhdan 1991
410:
403:Whittow 1996
398:
386:
379:Whittow 1996
374:
362:
350:
323:
311:
299:
292:Kazhdan 1991
245:
235:
221:
164:Umar al-Aqta
161:
154:
109:
90:
80:
70:
53:Umar al-Aqta
30:
16:
15:
514:Schacht, J.
510:Pellat, Ch.
454:Canard 1965
212:Chrysocheir
200:Michael III
686:Paulicians
676:863 deaths
670:Categories
523:Volume II:
254:References
244:Arab epic
232:al-Mas'udi
137:Theophilos
112:Asia Minor
634:181731396
533:495469475
506:Lewis, B.
172:Euphrates
92:strategos
73:Paulician
41:Paulician
39:), was a
644:(1996).
614:(1935).
516:(eds.).
498:(1965).
478:Variorum
247:Delhemma
196:Samosata
168:Tephrike
133:Melitene
124:Theodora
49:Melitene
36:Καρβαίας
31:Karbaias
29:), also
463:Sources
242:Abbasid
192:Samarra
26:Καρβέας
17:Karbeas
654:
632:
600:
579:
553:
531:
512:&
484:
204:Bardas
128:pogrom
89:, the
504:. In
120:Arabs
21:Greek
652:ISBN
630:OCLC
598:ISBN
577:ISBN
551:ISBN
529:OCLC
482:ISBN
67:Life
525:C–G
146:).
672::
624:,
571:.
521:.
508:;
480:.
422:^
335:^
282:^
261:^
250:.
214:.
142:r.
99:.
63:.
51:,
23::
660:.
636:.
606:.
585:.
559:.
535:.
490:.
234:(
139:(
33:(
19:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
