194:
25:
550:
we would not want to miss at home!") and asking "when do the Berlin department stores burn?" On 6 June 1967, the "Arsonist's
Lawsuit" was filed against Langhans and Teufel, charging them with calling for arson. After testimony of numerous literature professors, who characterized the flyers as fiction and surrealist provocation, the court ultimately ruled in favor of Langhans and Teufel. They later told the story of the lawsuit in their 1968 book,
97:
395:" and in the "Subversive Action". He was therefore in favor of getting rid of all securities, even financial ones, which is why he scorned study grants, for example. He wanted to abolish any property, any private sphere. And he was against the principle of work, but for the principle of fun or pleasure. Everyone could and should do what he wanted, as long as it happened where everyone could see it.
617:
The pamphlet is one of a scarce amount of documents published by members of the commune. It served as the bookend before the second phase of
Kommune 1 began. By the end of the 1960s, the societal climate had changed. In the late summer of 1968, the commune moved into a deserted factory on Stephanstraße in order to reorient. This second phase of Kommune 1 was characterized by sex, music, and drugs.
549:
caused 251 deaths. Maoists and anti-Vietnam war protesters were soon accused of having set the fire. Kommune 1 reacted with flyers, describing "new forms of protest", writing "Holt euch das knisternde
Vietnam-Gefühl, das wir auch hier nicht missen wollen!" ("Catch that crackling Vietnam feeling that
493:
The commune moved to an apartment in an old building on Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße on
Stuttgarter Platz in the district of Berlin-Charlottenburg and later to Stephanstraße 60 in Berlin-Moabit. Hardly a week passed without the communards staging some kind of satiric provocation somewhere in Berlin,
390:
The communards first tried to inform each other in excruciating detail about their respective biographies, to break the old certainties. They were very different from each other. Correspondingly, the roles each of them played were soon different. Kunzelmann was the "patriarch" and made sure everyone
438:
who was scheduled to visit Berlin. On the evening of 2 April 1967, the communards met in
Johnson's apartment with about 20 other people whom they knew from demonstrations. Kunzelmann presented his plan of throwing smoke bombs in the direction of the Vice President on the occasion of the state visit
616:
was published by members of the commune. Intended to provide a retrospective look at what had been achieved since the commune's inception, the publication contained 26 of the fliers produced by the group in addition to various other news articles and documents relating to the commune's activities.
442:
Police files indicate that the planned attack was revealed by a secret service agent, since eleven students were arrested by officials of
Division I (Political Police) on 5 April 1967. They were supposed to have met under conspiratorial conditions and planned attacks against the life or health of
581:
especially disliked the provocative activities of the K1. The provocative flyers of the K1 ("Water cannons are paper tigers") that were signed with the acronym SDS, were a source of continual irritation. Among other things, the communards were accused of having no political interest, but merely
730:
raided the commune and destroyed the rooms. They had earlier helped
Langhans in expelling some unwanted people from the commune, and now came back to claim their share of the 50,000 Marks that Stern supposedly had paid. The remaining occupants lost their belief in the future of Kommune 1 and
522:), Fritz Teufel was arrested and accused of treason. It was not until December that he was released, after he and many students with him had begun a hunger strike. In the streets, sympathizers held wild demonstrations, chanting "Freedom for Fritz Teufel" and "Drive the devil out of Moabit!" (
311:
When it was proposed that this theory should be realized as the practice of a life as a commune, many SDS members left, including
Dutschke and Rabehl, who did not want to give up their marriages and lifestyles. In the end, nine men and women, as well as a child, moved into the empty house of
251:, they left his apartment and occupied the home of Johnson at Stierstraße 3 for a short time. They then moved to an apartment at Stuttgarter Platz and then finally moved to the second floor of the back of a tenement house in Stephanstraße 60 in the Berlin district of
655:
The politicization of the private sphere and the fact that
Langhans and Obermaier spoke openly to the media about their relationship, about jealousy, and about "pleasure machines" constituted the next breaking of social taboos, ushering in the
485:
to evict the students from his apartment. The next day, the communards were released and gave their first press conference – they had become celebrities, while the press and police officials had lost face in the public eye. The publisher
593:, Klaus Hartung wrote: "Scarcely any political theory was more successful than that according to which revolutionaries have to revolutionize, according to which there will be no change in the society without a change in everyday life."
1055:
Nilpferd des höllischen
Urwalds: Spuren in eine [sic] unbekannte Stadt : Situationisten Gruppe SPUR Kommune I : Ein Ausstellungsgeflecht des Werkbund-Archivs Berlin zwischen Kreuzberg und Scheunenviertel, November
851:
about the history of the house and its inhabitants, cf. Christian H. Freitag: Ritter, Reichsmarschall & Revoluzzer. Aus der Geschichte eines Berliner Landhauses (foreword by Hans Magnus Enzensberger). Berlin
285:
Dieter Kunzelmann had the idea of creating a commune. They decided to try a life of "those passionately interested in themselves". Kunzelmann soon moved to Berlin. In Berlin, the SDS had its first "commune
402:
at the urging of the women of the commune. Soon, they were paid for interviews and photographs. A sign hung plainly in the hallway of their apartment, directed at journalists: "First pay up, then speak".
600:
who worshipped Teufel and Langhans. Because of the crowd of women, especially caused by Teufel, he was expelled from the commune. He moved into a Munich commune and was later involved with the
596:
Kommune 1 developed into a kind of refuge for alternative thinkers for problems of all kinds; appeals for help arrived daily. The house was under a veritable siege by friends and
446:
Those arrested were Ulrich Enzensberger, Volker Gebbert, Klaus Gilgenmann, Hans-Joachim Hameister, Wulf Krause, Dieter Kunzelmann, Rainer Langhans and Fritz Teufel. The tabloid
991:
in Performing Arts Resources: The Tyranny of Documents–The Performance Historian as Film Noir Detective, Ed. Stephen Johnson, New York: Theatre Library Association.
364:
731:
dispersed. Obermaier and Langhans went to Munich. Eventually, Langhans would live with a "harem" of four ex-models, a set-up that would last for several decades.
380:
348:
352:
344:
648:, but soon moved in with the communards of Kommune 1, who shared one bedroom. Soon, the press called Langhans and Obermaier the "best-looking couple of the
1990:
1019:(conference paper). Proceedings, IX International Congress of the International Society for the Empirical Study of Literature, 2004. Available from:
372:
368:
1020:
384:
360:
1960:
279:
54:
1980:
529:
During Teufel's absence from Kommune 1, a famous photograph of the communards' naked behinds against a wall was displayed with the headline:
1950:
1772:
1965:
1995:
1985:
988:
578:
271:
1863:
1560:
443:
Hubert Humphrey by means of bombs, plastic bags filled with unknown chemicals, or with other dangerous tools, such as stones.
235:
The commune was first located (from 19 February 1967, until the beginning of March 1967) in the empty apartment of the author
546:
499:
1975:
1067:
Edition Voltaire, Frankfurt am Main and Berlin 1968 (Series: Voltaire Handbuch 2), Reprint (without pornographic insert):
328:, the communards left and occupied the main residence of Johnson in the nearby Stierstraße 3. They called themselves
1129:
161:
1929:
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at the time) for an interview and nude photos of Obermaier, a sum that rumors in the scene soon raised to 50,000 Mark.
621:
495:
133:
1899:
1083:
1046:
1006:
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180:
76:
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As the domestic commune life was too boring, the communards decided to turn their internal experience into actions.
47:
1613:
1757:
1603:
217:
140:
1021:
https://web.archive.org/web/20080530161833/http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/igel/igel2004/Proceedings/Fahlenbrach.pdf
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1914:
118:
1919:
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and finally dissolved in November 1969. Kommune 1 developed from the extraparliamentary opposition of the
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1500:
761:
193:
411:
During its entire existence, Kommune 1 was famous for its bizarre staged events that fluctuated between
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1909:
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301:. It is the smallest cell of the state from whose oppressive character all institutions are derived.
1970:
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41:
33:
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225:
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Die Provokationselite: Aufbruch und Scheitern der subversiven Rebellion in den sechziger Jahren.
1565:
1404:
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in: Der Monat, Berlin, 19th year, issue 7, 1967, p. 24-29, also printed in: Peter Szondi:
727:
282:) discussed how to break from what they considered to be narrow-minded and bourgeois concepts.
58:
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joined in March 1967. At times, other people also lived in the premises of Kommune 1, such as
304:
Men and women live in dependence on each other so that neither could develop freely as people.
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1379:
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at the time, on 19 February 1967. After Enzensberger's return from an extended study trip to
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1364:
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attitude of the communards, who did only what they felt like doing, not only polarized the
511:
1052:
Dressen, Wolfgang; Kunzelmann, Dieter; Siepmann, Eckhard; Berlin, Werkbund-Archiv (1991).
675:, who turned up one morning in the bedroom of Kommune 1. Obermaier fell in love with him.
8:
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All of a sudden, the commune was receiving visitors from all over the world, among them
243:, who was staying in the United States, at Niedstraße 14 in the Berlin district of
1813:
1550:
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1115:
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indulging in egotism. Hence in May 1967, the SDS expelled the "revolutionary rowdies" (
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1955:
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699:, 1969), and her photographs were all over posters and magazine covers. The magazine
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featured a report on the plan of eight communards to attack the Vice-President with
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Langhans, Teufel, and the others wore long hair, beaded necklaces, army jackets, or
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481:. Because of this bad publicity, Uwe Johnson hastily asked his friend and neighbor
232:, as a reaction against a society that the commune thought was very conservative.
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knew it. His definition of the goals of the commune were based on his time as a "
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which made headlines in the press. In one of them, the commune climbed up the
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1174:
1095:Über eine "Freie (d. h. freie) Universität". Stellungnahmen eines Philologen.
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356:
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275:
1823:
1674:
1659:
1515:
1505:
1291:
679:
672:
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239:, in Fregestraße 19, as well as in the studio apartment of the author
1091:
Aufforderung zur Brandstiftung. Ein Gutachten im Prozeß Langhans / Teufel.
1039:
1968. Ein Handbuch zur Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Studentenbewegung.
1833:
1808:
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1179:
719:
Eventually, the energy of Kommune 1 was spent. Kunzelmann's addiction to
708:
704:
661:
632:'s first underground festival. There, Langhans met and fell in love with
567:
317:
240:
221:
434:
The first of these was the "pudding assassination" of US Vice-President
1848:
1742:
1545:
1470:
1414:
1384:
1321:
1219:
791:
684:
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on 6 April. None of the others besides Langhans wanted to participate.
1539:
1485:
1369:
1224:
1138:
244:
989:"Aura and the Archive: Confront the Incendiary Fliers of Kommune 1,"
96:
1828:
1762:
1169:
766:
665:
607:
590:
563:
490:
henceforth called the members of Kommune 1 "communards of horror".
455:
399:
1465:
1429:
734:
A table from one of the rooms of the Kommune 1 was bought by the
629:
597:
470:
294:
335:
The early communards included the leader and main driving force
1689:
1608:
1204:
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723:
worsened and in summer 1969 he was expelled from the commune.
505:
678:
Her modeling fees rose sharply, she was given a lead role in
625:
478:
228:
of the 1960s. It was intended as a counter-model against the
1107:
652:". Kunzelmann did not like the openly apolitical Obermaier.
1296:
448:
526:
being Berlin's prison and Teufel being German for devil).
316:
in Fregestrasse 19 and the studio apartment of the author
307:
This cell (that is, the small family) had to be shattered.
1570:
1024:
1017:
The Aesthetics of Protest in the Media of 1968 in Germany
453:
s headline was "Humphrey to be assassinated", the weekly
351:(nine years old at that time, daughter of Enzensberger),
1097:
Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1973 (Series: es 620)
1071:, Munich 1977; Rixdorfer Verlagsanstalt, Berlin undated
742:. During meetings around that same table, the newspaper
426:
247:. After Enzensberger's return from a long study trip to
406:
714:
540:
1034:(Teil 2: Die Revolte in der Revolte: Die Kommune 1.)
197:
A memorial plaque at Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 54A in
263:Members of the "Munich Subversive Action" (such as
121:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Political student commune in late-1960s West Berlin
1076:Herz der Revolte. Die Kommune 1 von 1967 bis 1969.
888:Matussek, Matthias; Oehmke, Philipp (2007-01-29).
220:in Germany. It was created on 12 January 1967, in
1942:
644:. She lived with the Munich-based music commune
608:The Second Phase: Sex, drugs and Uschi Obermaier
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1037:Martin Klimke, Joachim Scharloth (eds.).2007.
887:
620:On 21 September 1968, the commune went to the
419:. These events served as inspiration for the "
1123:
967:
965:
514:building protesting against the visit of the
347:(divorced wife of Hans Magnus Enzensberger),
994:
998:Die Jahre der Kommune I: Berlin 1967 - 1969
506:The visit of the Shah and the K1 photograph
1130:
1116:
962:
908:"Kommune I: Quellen zur Kommune Forschung"
554:("Steal Me"), which rose to cult status.
181:Learn how and when to remove this message
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
1991:Political organisations based in Germany
614:Kommune I: Quellen zur Kommune Forschung
320:in Berlin-Friedenau, who was staying in
192:
819:
510:During a demonstration in front of the
290:", which advanced the following ideas:
272:Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund
1961:Defunct organisations based in Germany
1943:
931:
355:(Hans Magnus Enzensberger's brother),
1111:
1102:Las comunas, alternativa a la familia
423:" movement and other leftist groups.
1981:Organizations disestablished in 1969
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
407:The First Phase: Acts of provocation
119:adding citations to reliable sources
90:
18:
1951:1967 establishments in West Germany
715:The end of Kommune 1 and its legacy
668:and others followed their example.
13:
1996:Intentional communities in Germany
1930:Parents Against Child Exploitation
726:In November 1969, a gang of three
14:
2007:
1986:Organizations established in 1967
1900:Mothers Apart from Their Children
1074:Christa Ritter, Rainer Langhans:
804:
547:department store fire in Brussels
1966:Außerparlamentarische Opposition
95:
23:
1758:Management of domestic violence
1604:Corporal punishment in the home
1063:Rainer Langhans, Fritz Teufel:
828:(in German). Vol. 27/1997.
496:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche
106:needs additional citations for
1915:National Fatherhood Initiative
1065:Klau mich. StPO der Kommune I.
947:
925:
900:
896:(in German). Vol. 5/2007.
881:
868:
855:
845:
832:
820:Hüetlin, Thomas (1997-06-30).
1:
1920:National Parents Organization
1645:Adverse childhood experiences
1137:
995:Enzensberger, Ulrich (2006).
981:
972:Keith Richards: The Biography
797:
518:on 2 June 1967 (the death of
1685:Effects of domestic violence
1327:Social emotional development
1104:, Barcelona, Tusquets, 1972.
1015:Fahlenbrach, Kathrin. 2004.
987:Boyle, Michael Shane. 2011.
876:Die Jahre der Kommune I
863:Die Jahre der Kommune I
840:Die Jahre der Kommune I
557:
258:
216:was a politically motivated
7:
1976:Counterculture of the 1960s
1501:Identification (psychology)
762:Counterculture of the 1960s
755:
427:The "Pudding Assassination"
10:
2012:
1925:Parent–teacher association
1700:Parental abuse by children
1581:Positive Parenting Program
1531:Parent management training
1526:Normative social influence
932:Wagner, Christoph (2003).
531:Das Private ist politisch!
498:to throw down hundreds of
1910:National Childbirth Trust
1887:
1796:
1713:
1705:Stress in early childhood
1637:
1589:
1448:
1425:Taking children seriously
1345:
1257:Applied behavior analysis
1240:
1145:
535:The personal is political
230:small middle-class family
1566:The talk (sex education)
1277:Developmental psychology
934:"Deutschlands Woodstock"
589:In the weekly newspaper
541:The "Arsonist's Lawsuit"
459:spoke of "Eleven little
314:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
237:Hans Magnus Enzensberger
32:This article includes a
1773:Parental responsibility
1733:Cost of raising a child
1078:Hannibal Verlag, 2005,
740:Hans-Christian Ströbele
622:International Song Days
570:but also polarized the
371:("the iron Dorothee"),
359:(until 25 March 1967),
226:German student movement
61:more precise citations.
890:"Die Tage der Kommune"
822:"Die Tage der Kommune"
365:Hans-Joachim Hameister
206:
1895:Families Need Fathers
1456:After-school activity
1380:Concerted cultivation
1375:Buddha-like parenting
1307:Nature versus nurture
1272:Cognitive development
1030:Rabehl, Bernd. 2003.
874:Ulrich Enzensberger,
861:Ulrich Enzensberger,
838:Ulrich Enzensberger,
381:Dagmar von Doetinchem
349:Tanaquil Enzensberger
196:
1753:Right to family life
1680:Dysfunctional family
1390:Free-range parenting
1365:Attachment parenting
1355:Achievement ideology
1100:Josep Mº Carandell:
1041:Stuttgart: Metzler.
512:Deutsche Oper Berlin
115:improve this article
1768:Parental alienation
1695:Narcissistic parent
1619:Positive discipline
1440:Work at home parent
1420:Strict father model
1405:Nurturant parenting
1312:Parental investment
1147:Kinship terminology
974:, by Victor Bockris
959:Accessed 2011-08-17
842:, pp. 105, 108
782:Chaos Computer Club
750:Chaos Computer Club
353:Ulrich Enzensberger
345:Dagrun Enzensberger
1814:T. Berry Brazelton
1551:Social integration
1287:Identity formation
297:develops from the
207:
34:list of references
1938:
1937:
1748:Family disruption
1670:Cinderella effect
1650:Child abandonment
1624:Tactical ignoring
1521:Moral development
1400:Helicopter parent
1395:Gatekeeper parent
1360:Atlas personality
1337:Social psychology
1282:Human development
1267:Child development
1252:Attachment theory
914:. Yale University
658:sexual revolution
545:On 22 May 1967 a
337:Dieter Kunzelmann
274:("SDS") (such as
265:Dieter Kunzelmann
191:
190:
183:
165:
87:
86:
79:
2003:
1788:Shared parenting
1599:Blanket training
1591:Child discipline
1231:In loco parentis
1210:Shared parenting
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745:Die Tageszeitung
707:(the price of a
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630:Federal Republic
500:Little Red books
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57:this article by
48:inline citations
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1971:Hippie movement
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1819:Rudolf Dreikurs
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1778:Parents' rights
1738:Deadbeat parent
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787:Manfred Grashof
777:Uschi Obermaier
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748:and the German
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634:Uschi Obermaier
610:
602:Movement 2 June
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436:Hubert Humphrey
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377:Rainer Langhans
373:Dagmar Seehuber
369:Dorothea Ridder
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267:) and of the
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132: –
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126:Find sources:
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104:This article
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1824:David Elkind
1675:Codependency
1660:Child labour
1516:Latchkey kid
1510:
1506:Introjection
1292:Introjection
1242:
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1195:Noncustodial
1101:
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1016:
1001:. Goldmann.
997:
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955:The Guardian
954:
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938:. Retrieved
927:
916:. Retrieved
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680:Rudolf Thome
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673:Jimi Hendrix
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584:Bild Zeitung
576:
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516:Shah of Iran
509:
502:from above.
492:
483:Günter Grass
464:
463:". Even the
454:
447:
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410:
397:
393:situationist
389:
387:("Agathe").
341:Fritz Teufel
334:
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280:Bernd Rabehl
262:
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113:Please help
108:verification
105:
88:
73:
64:
53:Please help
45:
1834:Haim Ginott
1809:John Bowlby
1655:Child abuse
1575:educational
1491:Habituation
1476:Co-sleeping
1262:Behaviorism
1190:Foster care
1180:Coparenting
936:(in German)
894:Der Spiegel
826:Der Spiegel
738:politician
736:Green Party
709:Porsche 911
705:Deutschmark
688: [
662:John Lennon
568:bourgeoisie
417:provocation
318:Uwe Johnson
241:Uwe Johnson
222:West Berlin
130:"Kommune 1"
59:introducing
1945:Categories
1849:Truby King
1743:Disownment
1556:Television
1546:Role model
1471:Child care
1449:Techniques
1415:Soccer mom
1385:Enmeshment
1322:Pediatrics
982:Literature
957:2007-11-16
940:2007-12-29
918:2024-04-29
798:References
792:Autonomism
685:Rote Sonne
564:hedonistic
171:March 2023
141:newspapers
1783:Paternity
1714:Legal and
1614:Grounding
1511:Kommune 1
1486:Education
1461:Allowance
1370:Baby talk
1225:Surrogacy
1139:Parenting
772:Amon Düül
660:. Later,
646:Amon Düül
558:Reactions
552:Klau Mich
400:Mao suits
330:Kommune 1
259:Emergence
245:Friedenau
210:Kommune 1
67:July 2022
1956:Communes
1829:Jo Frost
1763:Marriage
1629:Time-out
1205:Orphaned
1170:Adoptive
912:Yale.edu
767:New left
756:See also
666:Yoko Ono
598:groupies
1797:Experts
1573: (
1538: (
1466:Bedtime
1430:Theybie
728:Rockers
697:Red Sun
471:pudding
461:Oswalds
295:Fascism
218:commune
155:scholar
55:improve
1690:Incest
1609:Curfew
1347:Styles
1165:Father
1160:Mother
1155:Parent
1082:
1045:
1005:
721:heroin
642:Munich
628:, the
524:Moabit
477:, and
475:yogurt
421:Sponti
413:satire
326:Moscow
269:Berlin
253:Moabit
249:Moscow
199:Berlin
157:
150:
143:
136:
128:
1638:Abuse
1245:Areas
701:Stern
692:]
640:from
638:model
626:Essen
479:flour
375:and.
162:JSTOR
148:books
40:, or
1540:date
1536:Play
1297:Love
1080:ISBN
1056:1991
1043:ISBN
1003:ISBN
852:2015
664:and
636:, a
591:Zeit
577:The
562:The
537:!")
456:Zeit
449:Bild
415:and
383:and
278:and
134:news
1571:Toy
1025:PDF
650:APO
624:in
586:).
579:SDS
212:or
117:by
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178:(
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169:(
159:·
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