472:
150:
17:
492:
162:
374:) could refer to another harbour placed 150 m west of the Julian/Sophia harbour, nearer to the Vlanga area, but this interpretation should be disregarded, since it is certain that the Kontoskalion was the only port in use on the Marmara Sea until the 15th century. In that period, the harbour maintained its important function: during the
216:; these brought much sand into the basin, making necessary a periodic and expensive dredging; moreover, the heavy rains provoked erosion from the hills which caused silting too. On the other hand, the building of a harbour on the south shore was necessary to supply the western and southern regions of the city, too far from the
515:, it is also possible that the arsenal area was originally another sea basin, but the division between Kontoskalion and Port of Sophia appearing on several old maps, where they are represented as separated harbors, should be refused, due to the topography of the area.
499:
In the first description of the area, stemming from the 6th century, the harbour is described as a basin flanked by an arsenal surrounded by walls. The first maps of the city show the same situation, with the arsenal extending in the plain area west of the
458:
reports that around 1540 the women living in that neighbourhood used to wash their clothes in the basin. However, in some 18th-century maps, the harbour is still shown in active use. The end of the port was accelerated by the erection of the
400:(r. 1425–1448) written in 1427. From it we know that John VIII ordered repairs to the harbour, employing paid workers (among them were also clergymen and monks), and not servants. At the end of these works, the basin could host 300
212:. This decision was taken despite the many problems which affected the location: each port along the Marmara shore was undefended against the fierce storms caused by the intermittent southwest wind, the
157:. The Kontoskalion is clearly visible on the central right part of the map, right of the Hippodrome: the semicircular convex mole protects it from the sea, while the sea walls separate it from the city.
223:
The problems of this area were compounded by repeated urban fires, the first fire having occurred at the end of the 4th century partially destroying the area. In the 6th century, Emperor
1181:
463:, started in 1748, since the excavated earth was partly thrown in the harbour. The basin and the arsenal have since long time disappeared, and today they are partly built up.
390:(r. 1282–1328) made the harbour deeper and closed its entrance with iron gates, protecting the ships from the storms that come with the Lodos. The harbour was attested in an
94:, active from the 6th century until the early Ottoman period. In the literature it has been known under several names, and the sources about it are often contradictory.
786:
291:(r. 711–713) removed two of the statues adorning the Kontoskalion, since they bore prophetic inscriptions which he considered unfavorable. During his reign, Emperor
249:(r. 565–578) in around 575 commissioned important works, dredging the ground again and enlarging the basin: the works were directed by two high officials, the
1162:
307:); it comprised a shipyard and armories. Between the 9th and the 11th century, the port remained operational: in that period, the writers of the
779:
283:
At the end of the century, the harbour also acquired a military function, which it did not lose until the end, becoming a base of the
20:
Map of
Byzantine Constantinople. The Kontoskalion is located in the southeastern part of the city, and named Harbour of Julian/Sophia.
772:
501:
1186:
436:("Harbour of the Galleys"), building several towers. However, the beginning of the construction in 1515 of a new arsenal on the
754:
412:(who visited Constantinople in 1421), the basin is shown flanked by its arsenal, and in the account of the Spanish traveller
1196:
358:
authors, due to the different etymology of the two words: "Kontoskalion" means "short step or wharf". Some authors, like
136:. The “Galley Harbour street” or Kadirga Limani Caddesi in Istanbul still delineates the north shore of the old harbour.
1028:
177:(r. 306–337) the site of the later harbour was used as a landing stage. In 362, during his short stay in the capital,
505:
886:
864:
720:
277:
936:
1003:
997:
993:
764:
107:
1033:
309:
251:
387:
273:
66:
747:
Bildlexikon Zur
Topographie Istanbuls: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul Bis Zum Beginn D. 17 Jh
742:
512:
317:, which remains the modern Greek denomination of the quarter lying to its west, known in Turkish as
926:
354:
because of his short legs, but the German scholar
Albrecht Berger rejects this as a mistake by the
1130:
409:
154:
129:
962:
417:
341:
102:
The harbour lay in an inlet – still recognizable today in the flat landscape profile – of the
1140:
1054:
1007:
855:
504:
until the old sea wall of Kumkapı, while the basin, protected by a mole, is delimited by the
397:
174:
471:
1145:
1078:
1022:
916:
830:
446:, protected from the storms provoked by the southwest wind, and the enormous growth of the
442:
292:
288:
224:
8:
1084:
1064:
1059:
977:
911:
840:
460:
375:
228:
1150:
1110:
1100:
1049:
1135:
1120:
1069:
825:
750:
716:
169:
from Kumkapı. From here the
Byzantine galleys approached the harbour, now silted up.
1125:
1115:
946:
921:
890:
245:, was moved to the new harbour. After damage by another fire in 561, his successor
181:
39:
972:
941:
900:
845:
260:
237:
1191:
1017:
1012:
796:
367:
284:
265:
204:): at the same time he erected in front of it a crescent-shaped building named
197:
149:
91:
79:
71:
52:
44:
29:
16:
1175:
1074:
905:
860:
835:
730:
455:
416:, who saw it in 1437, the harbour was still active. It remained so until the
359:
178:
106:, in the third region of the city, at the southwest end of the valley of the
1105:
794:
735:
Constantinople
Byzantine. Développement Urbaine et Répertoire Topographique
447:
379:
325:
810:
495:
The current site of the
Kontoskalion. it is occupied by parks and houses
484:
437:
413:
346:
276:, were erected four statues, representing Justin, Sophia, their daughter
242:
232:
217:
166:
103:
870:
815:
337:
318:
429:
264:
Troilos. In front of the enlarged harbour, renamed "Port of Sophia" (
246:
185:
931:
850:
405:
392:
133:
401:
296:
227:(r. 491-518) emptied the basin using hydraulic machines, built a
121:
112:
895:
819:
491:
383:
255:
87:
432:(r. 1444–1446; 1451–1481) fortified the harbour, now known as
161:
213:
125:
332:, causing confusion among modern scholars. According to the
737:(in French). Paris: Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines.
110:. The area of the harbour complex covers part of today's
328:, the harbour appears in several sources under the name
231:
and dredged the sandy substrate. Later, possibly under
1182:
Buildings and structures completed in the 6th century
241:, the first harbour built in the city, lying on the
1173:
153:Map of Constantinople around 1420s-1430s, after
428:After the conquest of the city, in 1462 Sultan
76:Λιμὴν τῆς Σοφίας or Λιμὴν τῶν Σοφιῶν ή Σοφιανῶν
713:Untersuchungen zu den Patria Konstantinupoleos
780:
741:
621:
556:
299:built near the harbour, in proximity of the
1163:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
795:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
787:
773:
690:
688:
675:
673:
660:
658:
656:
654:
584:
582:
569:
567:
565:
235:(r. 527–565), part of the traffic of the
490:
470:
160:
148:
15:
685:
670:
651:
627:
617:
579:
562:
552:
1174:
710:
645:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
386:wall and a chain, while his successor
768:
729:
694:
679:
664:
633:
588:
573:
454:. The 16th-century French traveller
382:(r. 1259–1282) protected it with an
594:
529:
508:, still in place in 19th century.
144:
13:
1161:For churches and monasteries, see
1029:Imperial Library of Constantinople
14:
1208:
423:
404:. In some versions of the map of
749:(in German). Tübingen: Wasmuth.
350:(senior army officer) nicknamed
90:") was a harbour in the city of
481:Byzantium nunc Constantinopolis
1187:Byzantine secular architecture
968:Harbour of Julian/Kontoskalion
887:Great Palace of Constantinople
865:Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
715:(in German). Bonn: R. Habelt.
639:
466:
362:, have proposed that the name
1:
937:Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
518:
313:began to refer to it also as
1004:Hippodrome of Constantinople
998:University of Constantinople
994:Capitolium of Constantinople
523:
173:Already during the reign of
7:
1034:Praetoria of Constantinople
502:Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque
372:πρὸς τὸ Βλάγκα Κοντοσκέλιον
310:Patria Constantinopolitanae
97:
10:
1213:
1197:Harbours of Constantinople
703:
450:, caused the decay of the
184:(r. 361-363) built on the
139:
1159:
1093:
1042:
986:
955:
879:
803:
711:Berger, Albrecht (1988).
371:
336:, this denomination is a
269:
201:
75:
56:
33:
1131:Cistern of the Hebdomon
743:Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang
410:Cristoforo Buondelmonti
340:referring to a certain
155:Cristoforo Buondelmonti
963:Harbour of Eleutherios
513:Wolfgang Müller-Wiener
496:
488:
479:and its arsenal, from
418:Fall of Constantinople
274:after Justin's empress
188:shore a harbour named
170:
158:
48:
21:
1141:Cistern of Philoxenos
1055:Column of Constantine
1008:Obelisk of Theodosius
494:
474:
324:After the end of the
175:Constantine the Great
164:
152:
19:
1146:Cistern of Pulcheria
1085:Column of Theodosius
1079:Colossus of Barletta
1023:Horses of Saint Mark
917:Palace of Blachernae
880:Palaces and mansions
831:Forum of Constantine
295:(r. 829–842) had an
289:Philippikos Bardanes
210:Porticus Semirotunda
1065:Column of Justinian
1060:Column of the Goths
978:Prosphorion Harbour
912:Palace of Antiochos
841:Forum of Theodosius
485:Braun and Hogenberg
461:Nuruosmaniye Mosque
376:Palaiologos dynasty
202:Λιμὴν τοῦ Ἰουλιανοῦ
57:Λιμὴν τοῦ Ἰουλιανοῦ
1151:Theodosius Cistern
1111:Baths of Zeuxippus
1101:Aqueduct of Valens
1050:Column of Arcadius
648:, pp. 438ff..
622:Müller-Wiener 1977
557:Müller-Wiener 1977
497:
489:
171:
159:
22:
1169:
1168:
1136:Cistern of Mocius
1121:Cistern of Aetius
1070:Column of Marcian
927:Palace of Mangana
826:Forum of Arcadius
804:Roads and squares
756:978-3-8030-1022-3
86:("Harbour of the
63:("New Port"), or
36:), also known as
1204:
1126:Cistern of Aspar
1116:Basilica Cistern
1043:Column monuments
987:Public buildings
947:Prison of Anemas
922:Palace of Lausus
891:Boukoleon Palace
789:
782:
775:
766:
765:
760:
738:
726:
698:
692:
683:
677:
668:
662:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
592:
586:
577:
571:
560:
554:
373:
271:
270:Λιμὴν τῆς Σοφίας
203:
192:("New Port") or
145:Byzantine period
77:
58:
35:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1155:
1089:
1038:
982:
973:Neorion Harbour
951:
942:Placidia Palace
901:Chrysotriklinos
875:
846:Forum of the Ox
799:
793:
763:
757:
723:
706:
701:
693:
686:
678:
671:
663:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
595:
587:
580:
572:
563:
555:
530:
526:
521:
469:
443:Tersâne-i Âmire
426:
261:protovestiarios
194:Portus Iulianus
147:
142:
100:
49:Portus Iulianus
12:
11:
5:
1210:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:Walled Obelisk
1015:
1013:Serpent Column
1010:
1001:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
903:
898:
893:
883:
881:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
813:
807:
805:
801:
800:
797:Constantinople
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
762:
761:
755:
739:
731:Janin, Raymond
727:
721:
707:
705:
702:
700:
699:
697:, p. 233.
684:
682:, p. 230.
669:
667:, p. 232.
650:
638:
636:, p. 228.
626:
593:
591:, p. 225.
578:
576:, p. 231.
561:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
477:Kadırga Limanı
468:
465:
452:Kadırga Limanı
434:Kadırga Limanı
425:
424:Ottoman period
422:
344:, a Byzantine
285:Byzantine navy
146:
143:
141:
138:
128:district (the
118:Kadırga Limanı
99:
96:
92:Constantinople
84:Kadırga Limanı
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1209:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:Column of Leo
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
991:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
958:
954:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
906:Daphne Palace
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
888:
885:
884:
882:
878:
872:
869:
866:
862:
861:Philadelphion
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
821:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
802:
798:
790:
785:
783:
778:
776:
771:
770:
767:
758:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
718:
714:
709:
708:
696:
691:
689:
681:
676:
674:
666:
661:
659:
657:
655:
647:
642:
635:
630:
624:, p. 63.
623:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
590:
585:
583:
575:
570:
568:
566:
559:, p. 62.
558:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
528:
516:
514:
511:According to
509:
507:
503:
493:
486:
482:
478:
473:
464:
462:
457:
456:Pierre Gilles
453:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
431:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:Andronikos II
385:
381:
377:
369:
365:
361:
360:Raymond Janin
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
311:
306:
303:(the Ottoman
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
280:and Narses.
279:
275:
267:
263:
262:
257:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
168:
163:
156:
151:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
69:
68:
62:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:
31:
27:
18:
1094:Water supply
967:
836:Forum of Leo
746:
734:
712:
641:
629:
510:
498:
480:
476:
451:
448:Ottoman navy
441:
433:
427:
391:
380:Michael VIII
364:Kontoskelion
363:
355:
351:
345:
333:
330:Kontoskelion
329:
326:Latin Empire
323:
315:Kontoskalion
314:
308:
305:Çatladı Kapı
304:
301:Porta Leonis
300:
282:
259:
250:
238:Neorion port
236:
225:Anastasius I
222:
209:
205:
193:
190:Portus Novus
189:
172:
117:
111:
101:
83:
64:
61:Portus Novus
60:
37:
34:Κοντοσκάλιον
26:Kontoskalion
25:
23:
811:Amastrianum
646:Berger 1988
467:Description
438:Golden Horn
414:Pedro Tafur
396:of Emperor
352:Kontoskeles
347:tourmarches
252:praepositus
243:Golden Horn
218:Golden Horn
167:Marmara Sea
104:Marmara Sea
65:Harbour of
38:Harbour of
1176:Categories
1106:Ballıgerme
871:Strategion
816:Augustaion
722:3774923574
695:Janin 1964
680:Janin 1964
665:Janin 1964
634:Janin 1964
589:Janin 1964
574:Janin 1964
519:References
408:traveller
406:Florentine
378:, Emperor
342:Agallianos
338:patronymic
293:Theophilos
287:. Emperor
113:Mahalleler
108:Hippodrome
78:), and in
856:Mese Odos
524:Citations
506:Sea Walls
430:Mehmet II
420:in 1453.
398:John VIII
247:Justin II
233:Justinian
186:Propontis
132:city) of
82:times as
956:Harbours
932:Magnaura
851:Hebdomon
745:(1977).
733:(1964).
393:encomium
258:and the
134:Istanbul
98:Location
704:Sources
487:, 1572.
402:galleys
319:Kumkapı
297:arsenal
179:Emperor
140:History
124:in the
122:Kumkapi
88:Galleys
80:Ottoman
896:Chalke
820:Milion
753:
719:
440:, the
384:ashlar
356:Patria
334:Patria
278:Arabia
256:Narses
182:Julian
130:walled
67:Sophia
40:Julian
1192:Fatih
368:Greek
266:Greek
214:Lodos
206:Sigma
198:Greek
126:Fatih
72:Greek
53:Greek
45:Latin
30:Greek
751:ISBN
717:ISBN
475:The
229:mole
165:The
120:and
24:The
483:by
321:.
208:or
116:of
59:),
1178::
687:^
672:^
653:^
596:^
581:^
564:^
531:^
370::
272:)
268::
220:.
200::
74::
55::
51:,
47::
32::
1081:)
1077:(
1025:)
1006:(
1000:)
996:(
908:)
889:(
867:)
863:(
822:)
818:(
788:e
781:t
774:v
759:.
725:.
366:(
196:(
70:(
43:(
28:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
