31:
53:
290:
508:
377:
but taller – it can grow to 200 cm (80 inches or almost 7 feet). It is also stouter, the stem and leaves are more purple flushed, and the leaves are less divided, but more spreading, similarly to
941:
Rollinger, JM; Mocka, P; Zidorn, C; Ellmerer, EP; Langer, T; Stuppner, H (2005). "Application of the in combo screening approach for the discovery of non-alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from
695:
Wesołowska, A.; Nikiforuk, A.; Michalska, K.; Kisiel, W.; Chojnacka-Wójcik, E. (2006). "Analgesic and sedative activities of lactucin and some lactucin-like guaianolides in mice".
891:
494:"Wild Salad" has long been known in the world of "natural remedies" or "alternative treatments". It is often referred to as the poor man's opium.
1551:
1603:
1041:
576:. These oils and extracts have sedative properties in rodents. Although the standard definition of lactucarium requires its production from
1701:
1499:
739:
1564:
1512:
468:
1626:
467:
was used in the 19th century by physicians when opium could not be obtained. It was studied extensively by the
Council of the
1680:
1569:
1798:
808:
1473:
1793:
1034:
848:
828:
784:
730:
547:
859:
1608:
1538:
907:
525:
417:
is widespread across much of central and southern Europe. It can be found locally in the south east and east of
30:
1631:
652:
529:
1719:
1590:
1050:
1491:
1027:
875:
488:
1413:
483:. In the United States, the plant experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 1970s. Today the plant is
1388:
916:
1714:
1517:
988:
892:"Nature's Strongest Painkiller is More Effective Than Morphine & is Likely to Grow in Your Garden"
1783:
1618:
484:
421:. In the rest of Great Britain it is very rare, and in Ireland it is absent. It is also found in the
391:
52:
1803:
1369:
580:, it was recognized that smaller quantities of lactucarium could be produced in a similar way from
1582:
1706:
1439:
1299:
518:
1556:
1486:
1331:
1274:
1140:
1014:
623:
912:
169:
1670:
1657:
929:
1447:
1279:
1228:
8:
1788:
1665:
1197:
1178:
1750:
638:
588:
491:(FDA), meaning it is legal to grow, purchase, and own without prescription or license.
194:
47:
1693:
674:
1652:
1421:
1073:
994:
962:
844:
824:
804:
780:
712:
1778:
1755:
1426:
1304:
1294:
1127:
1085:
954:
704:
604:
598:
422:
373:
1380:
1639:
1393:
1314:
1080:
984:
379:
90:
1742:
1595:
1688:
1243:
1193:
1111:
582:
453:
368:
320:
77:
708:
1772:
1478:
1354:
958:
648:
476:
410:
185:
1309:
1119:
966:
772:
716:
1732:
289:
1577:
1525:
1403:
1363:
1289:
1233:
1134:
565:
471:
in 1911. They discovered two chemicals responsible for the properties of
1644:
1008:
1504:
1259:
532: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
441:
136:
1019:
841:
Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of
Ireland Third edition
1530:
1460:
1203:
1153:
1092:
615:
434:
311:
126:
1325:
843:
1992. Institute of Irish
Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast.
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1727:
1348:
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1238:
1223:
1208:
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643:
634:
619:
480:
426:
315:
116:
103:
1543:
1465:
743:
694:
401:
In the northern hemisphere, it flowers from July until
September.
1434:
1218:
1213:
445:
418:
306:
146:
629:. A variety of other chemical compounds have been isolated from
1452:
1160:
1103:
387:
1284:
1147:
561:
430:
64:
940:
1174:
1097:
449:
568:
can be derived from the extract of the stem secretions of
440:
In North
America, it has been documented as introduced in
1015:
Photo of herbarium specimen at
Missouri Botanical Garden
917:
Tinctura
Lactucarii (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Lactucarium
911:. Cincinnati: Ohio Valley Co. pp. 1114–1117, see
904:
767:
765:
763:
819:Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968.
760:
456:, and grows wild in other parts of the continent.
390:is purple black, without bristles at the tip. The
1770:
983:
905:Wickes Felter, Harvey; Uri Lloyd, John (1898).
930:Holistic Online herb information: Wild Lettuce
779:. Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 391–392.
572:. Oils and extracts can also be produced from
1035:
995:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
866:includes photos and European distribution map
310:(lettuce) genus, often ingested for its mild
690:
688:
686:
596:, and even that lettuce-opium obtained from
1042:
1028:
318:effects. It is related to common lettuce (
29:
683:
548:Learn how and when to remove this message
188:1753 not Thunb. 1800 nor Luce nor Hablitz
740:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
288:
1049:
469:Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
1771:
1330:
1329:
1023:
977:
821:Excursion Flora of the British Isles.
723:
1619:efa4583b-0df3-428b-a7be-124b67ca64ed
771:
729:
530:adding citations to reliable sources
501:
947:Current Drug Discovery Technologies
413:, rarely in north-east of Ireland.
13:
14:
1815:
1002:
383:but showing more than 5 florets.
1720:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329493-2
799:Parnell, J and Curtis, T. 2012.
506:
51:
934:
923:
898:
884:
517:needs additional citations for
497:
404:
869:
853:
833:
813:
793:
668:
653:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
651:, has been shown to act as an
359:
1:
661:
371:, similar to prickly lettuce
908:King's American Dispensatory
697:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
489:Food and Drug Administration
437:where it grows in the wild.
7:
1799:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
860:Altervista Flora Italiana,
823:Cambridge University Press
10:
1820:
990:Wild Flowers Worth Knowing
459:
1338:
1252:
1186:
1169:
1057:
709:10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.003
608:was of superior quality.
200:
193:
175:
168:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
1794:Plants described in 1753
959:10.2174/1570163054866855
876:Flora of North America,
633:. One of the compounds,
627:-methyl-β-phenethylamine
324:), and is often called
1141:Mandragora officinarum
803:Cork University Press
296:
839:Hackney, P. (Editor)
801:Webb's An Irish Flora
292:
526:improve this article
260:Lactuca serratifolia
1051:Ancient anaesthesia
777:The Wild Flower Key
409:Found coastally in
978:General references
639:adenosine receptor
589:Lactuca canadensis
304:is a plant in the
297:
236:Lactuca patersonii
228:Lactuca lactucarii
1766:
1765:
1653:Open Tree of Life
1332:Taxon identifiers
1323:
1322:
1123:(devil's trumpet)
1074:Atropa belladonna
943:Cichorium intybus
647:, while another,
558:
557:
550:
354:rakutu-karyumu-so
342:poisonous lettuce
287:
286:
280:
272:
264:
256:
252:Lactuca schimperi
248:
240:
232:
224:
216:
206:
1811:
1784:Medicinal plants
1759:
1758:
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1745:
1736:
1735:
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1722:
1710:
1709:
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1696:
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1674:
1673:
1661:
1660:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1596:NBNSYS0000004535
1586:
1585:
1573:
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1559:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1507:
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1468:
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1455:
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1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1327:
1326:
1128:Hyoscyamus niger
1058:Plants / animals
1044:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1011:Vaults of Erowid
998:
985:Blanchan, Neltje
971:
970:
938:
932:
927:
921:
920:
913:Lactuca.—Lettuce
902:
896:
895:
888:
882:
880:Linnaeus, 1753.
873:
867:
857:
851:
837:
831:
817:
811:
797:
791:
790:
769:
758:
757:
755:
754:
748:
742:. Archived from
737:
727:
721:
720:
692:
681:
675:The Plant List,
672:
605:Lactuca quercina
599:Lactuca serriola
564:which is called
553:
546:
542:
539:
533:
510:
502:
396:Lactuca serriola
374:Lactuca serriola
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
222:
214:
204:
181:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
16:Species of plant
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1804:Flora of Europe
1769:
1768:
1767:
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1754:
1749:
1741:
1739:
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1640:Observation.org
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903:
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838:
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809:978-185918-4783
798:
794:
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735:
728:
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693:
684:
673:
669:
664:
554:
543:
537:
534:
523:
511:
500:
462:
407:
394:is the same as
380:Mycelis muralis
362:
283:
268:Lactuca sinuata
220:Lactuca flavida
212:Lactuca ambigua
208:
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189:
183:
177:
164:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1807:
1806:
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1761:
1760:
1756:wfo-0000024234
1747:
1737:
1724:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1675:
1671:Lactuca virosa
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1600:
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1535:
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1509:
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1457:
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1431:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1385:
1375:
1370:Lactuca virosa
1360:
1344:
1342:
1340:Lactuca virosa
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1137:
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1124:
1116:
1112:Datura innoxia
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1003:External links
1001:
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894:. 24 May 2019.
883:
878:Lactuca virosa
868:
862:Lactuca virosa
852:
832:
812:
792:
785:
759:
732:BSBI List 2007
722:
682:
677:Lactuca virosa
666:
665:
663:
660:
612:Lactuca virosa
583:Lactuca sativa
578:Lactuca virosa
570:Lactuca virosa
556:
555:
538:September 2011
514:
512:
505:
499:
496:
465:Lactuca virosa
461:
458:
454:Washington, DC
415:Lactuca virosa
406:
403:
365:Lactuca virosa
361:
358:
334:laitue vireuse
330:bitter lettuce
301:Lactuca virosa
294:Lactuca virosa
285:
284:
282:
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276:Wiestia virosa
273:
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244:Lactuca romana
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44:
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40:Lactuca virosa
38:Wild lettuce (
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1199:
1195:
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1189:
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1176:
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1168:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
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1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:(thorn-apple)
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
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992:
991:
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982:
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956:
953:(3): 185–93.
952:
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849:0-85389-446-9
846:
842:
836:
830:
829:0-521-04656-4
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822:
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796:
788:
786:0-7232-2419-6
782:
778:
774:
773:Rose, Francis
768:
766:
764:
749:on 2015-06-26
745:
741:
734:
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710:
706:
702:
698:
691:
689:
687:
680:
678:
671:
667:
659:
657:
654:
650:
649:lactucopicrin
646:
645:
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636:
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621:
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584:
579:
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541:
531:
527:
521:
520:
515:This section
513:
509:
504:
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492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:lactucopicrin
474:
470:
466:
457:
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432:
428:
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420:
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411:Great Britain
402:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
381:
376:
375:
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366:
357:
355:
351:
350:great lettuce
347:
343:
339:
338:opium lettuce
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
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313:
309:
308:
303:
302:
295:
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279:(L.) Sch.Bip.
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174:
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170:Binomial name
167:
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78:Tracheophytes
76:
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70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Wild lettuce
22:
19:
1339:
1310:Theophrastus
1170:Preparations
1152:
1139:
1126:
1120:Datura metel
1118:
1110:
1102:
1077:(belladonna)
1072:
1064:
1009:Wild lettuce
989:
950:
946:
942:
936:
925:
906:
900:
886:
877:
871:
861:
855:
840:
835:
820:
815:
800:
795:
776:
751:. Retrieved
744:the original
731:
725:
703:(2): 254–8.
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610:
603:
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577:
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535:
524:Please help
519:verification
516:
498:Pharmacology
493:
485:un-scheduled
472:
464:
463:
439:
414:
408:
405:Distribution
400:
395:
385:
378:
372:
364:
363:
353:
349:
346:tall lettuce
345:
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337:
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329:
326:wild lettuce
325:
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18:
1578:NatureServe
1526:iNaturalist
1364:Wikispecies
1300:SabuncuoÄźlu
1290:Hippocrates
1280:Dioscorides
1234:Hyoscyamine
1198:medical use
1179:medical use
1135:Lactucarium
1086:medical use
566:lactucarium
360:Description
91:Angiosperms
1789:Entheogens
1773:Categories
1689:Plant List
1411:Calflora:
1244:Salicylate
1157:(saw-wort)
1144:(mandrake)
753:2014-10-17
662:References
616:flavonoids
442:California
425:region of
137:Asteraceae
1694:gcc-12342
1492:250067036
1305:Sushrutha
1260:Abulcasis
1204:Aconitine
1187:Compounds
1154:Saussurea
1131:(henbane)
1107:(hemlock)
1093:Castoreum
1069:(aconite)
631:L. virosa
620:coumarins
614:contains
574:L. virosa
473:L. virosa
435:Australia
321:L. sativa
312:analgesic
155:Species:
127:Asterales
61:Kingdom:
1740:VASCAN:
1728:Tropicos
1583:2.149974
1557:10722824
1544:329493-2
1401:BioLib:
1349:Wikidata
1270:Avicenna
1265:Avenzoar
1239:Morphine
1224:Hyoscine
1209:Atropine
1081:Cannabis
1066:Aconitum
987:(2005).
967:16472227
775:(1981).
717:16621374
656:in vitro
644:in vitro
641:agonist
637:, is an
635:lactucin
594:elongata
481:lactucin
427:Pakistan
369:biennial
316:sedative
247:Garsault
205:Synonymy
195:Synonyms
133:Family:
117:Asterids
104:Eudicots
1779:Lactuca
1733:2702761
1505:3140346
1435:Ecocrop
1355:Q578927
1219:Coniine
1214:Cocaine
1194:Ethanol
487:by the
460:History
446:Alabama
419:England
307:Lactuca
271:Forssk.
239:Menezes
231:Lamotte
215:Schrad.
148:Lactuca
143:Genus:
123:Order:
65:Plantae
1702:PLANTS
1658:104477
1616:NZOR:
1570:503306
1479:157940
1453:486948
1381:100062
1378:APDB:
1295:Rhazes
1275:Celsus
1253:People
1229:Δ9-THC
1161:Willow
1104:Conium
965:
847:
827:
807:
783:
715:
622:, and
452:, and
423:Punjab
392:pappus
388:achene
263:Sennen
1707:LAVI8
1678:PFI:
1627:NZPCN
1609:75947
1552:IRMNG
1531:53108
1518:21375
1474:EUNIS
1466:LACVI
1427:6NSHB
1404:41655
1394:92309
1315:Zhang
1285:Galen
1148:Opium
747:(xls)
736:(xls)
592:var.
562:latex
431:India
255:Jord.
223:Jord.
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
1743:3270
1715:POWO
1681:6331
1666:PfaF
1645:6937
1632:3355
1604:NCBI
1565:ITIS
1539:IPNI
1513:GRIN
1500:GBIF
1461:EPPO
1440:7089
1414:4552
1389:APNI
1175:Beer
1098:Coca
963:PMID
915:and
845:ISBN
825:ISBN
805:ISBN
781:ISBN
713:PMID
586:and
479:and
450:Iowa
433:and
429:and
386:The
314:and
1751:WFO
1591:NBN
1487:FNA
1448:EoL
1422:CoL
955:doi
945:".
705:doi
701:107
679:L.
602:or
528:by
367:is
352:or
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