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Within perhaps a further 1000 years, the barrier barred the mouth of the bay turning it into an estuary, where tidal waters could still go in and out. However, the progressive thickening of barrier impounded the estuary, kept the sea out, and it became a lagoon. Freshwater seeped out but sea water
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The
Wairewa Rūnanga has created an outlet canal that is occasionally opened to the sea when there is a risk of flooding due to heavy rain. The lake's health has improved since the canal was created. A bridge over the canal was built in 2018. Prior to that, vehicle access across the outlet was
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with corresponding poor water quality. This decline in water quality has been known since the early 1900s. In 2016, after a spell of dry weather, the water quality deteriorated and recurring
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If natural coastal processes were left to operate, Lake
Forsyth would eventually become a lake. It is one of many lagoons and estuaries misnamed on New Zealand maps.
668:, Shulmeister J, Holt S. (1997). "The Holocene evolution of a well nourished gravelly barrier and lagoon complex, Kaitorete "Spit", Canterbury, New Zealand".
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Lake
Forsyth is long, narrow and shallow. It has undergone dynamic change over its short lifespan, from bay to
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748:– a collaborative project by the Wairewa runanga focussing on rehabilitation of Te Roto o Wairewa/Lake Forsyth
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440:, fully exposed to the fury of southerly waves. Over time, a spit of sand and gravel grew, fed by a strong
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and could grow no more, but the sand and sediment kept coming. The spit had become a barrier, now named
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Deforestation of the surrounding hills has led to erosion and silting up of the lake. The lake is
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made the water toxic. Animals, including pets and sheep, died after drinking the water.
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restricted for up to weeks at a time whenever the outlet canal was opened to the sea.
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638:(1998). "Recent coastal change in Canterbury – The case of Lake Forsyth/Wairewa".
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tribe. It is the only Ngāi Tahu customary lake. The
Wairewa Rūnanga, one of 18
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518:"Canterbury's poisonous Lake Forsyth kills sheep, full of green slime"
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604:"Significant coastal lagoon systems in the South Island, New Zealand"
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452:. It closed off a nearby lake basin from the sea, creating the
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of Ngāi Tahu, are the guardians or kaitiaki of the lake.
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Wairewa was an important source of eels as food for the
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468:canoes and small coastal schooners in the 1860s.
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464:couldn't flow it. The opening was navigable by
379:run along the north-western side of the lake.
444:. The spit, grew steadily, until it ran into
702:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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363:, near the eastern end of the much larger
549:. Christchurch City Council. 9 April 2018
351:) is a lake on the south-western side of
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
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543:"Access issue water under the bridge"
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46:adding citations to reliable sources
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516:Mitchell, Charlie (27 April 2016).
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652:10.1111/j.1745-7939.1998.tb00516.x
602:Kirk R.M. and Lauder G.A. (2000).
573:"Te Roto o Wairewa / Lake Forsyth"
490:"Rescuing a blighted Lake Forsyth"
296:627.5526 ha (1,550.716 acres)
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772:Lagoons of the Canterbury Region
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488:Crean, Mike (26 October 2007).
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762:Lakes of the Canterbury Region
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304:1 m (3 ft 3 in)
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690:10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00003-0
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458:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
365:Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora
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615:Department of Conservation
767:Geography of Christchurch
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746:Wairewa Research Project
718:"Wairewa — Lake Forsyth"
611:Science for Conservation
288:1 km (0.62 mi)
382:The lake is fed by the
377:Little River Rail Trail
140:Little River Rail Trail
640:New Zealand Geographer
569:Environment Canterbury
138:Lake Forsyth from the
312:4 m (13 ft)
320:0 m (0 ft)
257:, artificial opening
217:43.8050°S 172.7407°E
42:improve this article
682:1997MGeol.138...69S
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222:-43.8050; 172.7407
384:Takiritawai River
349:Te Roto o Wairewa
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317:Surface elevation
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725:. Retrieved
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698:cite journal
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414:algal blooms
406:hypertrophic
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341:Lake Forsyth
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333:Little River
293:Surface area
188:South Island
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
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666:Soons, Jane
646:(1): 7–14.
636:Soons, Jane
361:New Zealand
329:Settlements
277:Max. length
268:New Zealand
220: /
208:172°44′27″E
195:Coordinates
756:Categories
475:References
359:region of
357:Canterbury
343:(known to
309:Max. depth
285:Max. width
205:43°48′18″S
184:Canterbury
98:April 2016
68:newspapers
495:The Press
424:Geography
395:Ngāi Tahu
577:Lakes380
547:Newsline
527:27 April
501:27 April
375:and the
180:Location
727:27 July
678:Bibcode
620:20 July
582:27 July
454:waituna
430:estuary
399:rūnanga
355:in the
255:Seepage
168:Wairewa
127:Wairewa
82:scholar
434:lagoon
373:Akaroa
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607:(PDF)
553:2 May
522:Stuff
345:Māori
263:Basin
89:JSTOR
75:books
729:2022
704:link
622:2022
584:2022
555:2022
529:2016
503:2016
466:waka
61:news
686:doi
674:138
648:doi
432:to
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