891:
65:
431:
since 923. He is regarded as an able leader who attempted reforms designed to alleviate burdens faced by the peasantry. His rule was vigorous and well-organized. However, it was also a short reign. His death from illness in 954 ended his three-year reign. His adoptive son Chai Rong (also named Guo
985:
would not mind this sacrifice. It is said that the
Emperor himself supervised the casting at the many large furnaces at the back of the palace. The coins are assigned amuletic properties and "magical powers" because they were made from Buddhist statues and are said to particularly effective in
444:, was the adoptive son of Guo Wei. Born Chai Rong, he was the son of his wife's elder brother. He ascended the throne on the death of his adoptive father in 954. His reign was also effective and was able to make some inroads in the south with
1552:
283:
258:
1547:
936:
from the year 955 (Xiande 2). Emperor
Shizong is sometimes said to have cast cash coins with the inscription Guangshun Yuanbao (simplified Chinese:
1557:
1411:
1394:
1223:
1052:
411:. Guo Wei led a successful coup against the teenage emperor and then declared himself emperor of the new Later Zhou on New Year's Day in 951.
364:
1537:
981:
for copper which would be used to manufacture cash coins. When reproached for this, the
Emperor uttered a cryptic remark to the effect that
1527:
1483:
965:
and mandated that the citizens of Later Zhou should turn in to the government all of their bronze utensils with the notable exception of
885:
1517:
1476:
1219:
368:
182:
1095:
994:
and help women going through a difficult labour. The
Chinese numismatic charms based on the Zhouyuan Tongbao often depict a
1010:
and
Empress, other images on Zhouyuan Tongbao charms and amulets include depictions of Gautama Buddha, the animals of the
1082:
17:
1469:
1399:
452:, while initially promising, were ineffective. He died an untimely death in 959 from an illness while on campaign.
1210:
1542:
915:
342:
907:
769:
549:
441:
334:
1350:
1238:
833:
380:
360:
276:
1532:
1522:
1355:
1303:
1345:
1258:
1253:
1244:
396:
376:
263:
1188:
1134:
987:
877:
224:
1432:
1389:
110:
1135:"Chinese Cast Coins – POSTERIOR ZHOU DYNASTY – AD 951–960 – Emperor SHIH TSUNG – AD 954-959"
1442:
64:
8:
1512:
1203:
899:
881:
220:
1452:
1299:
890:
674:
408:
1174:
986:
midwifery – hence the many later-made imitations which are considered to be a form of
1098:
Written on
December 9, 2012 • Last edit: June 13, 2013. Retrieved: 13 September 2018.
1078:
1023:
990:. Among these assigned powers it is said that Zhouyuan Tongbao cash coins could cure
954:(951–953), however no authentic cash coins with this inscription are known to exist.
445:
407:
came to the throne of the Later Han in 948 after the death of the founding emperor,
1384:
1379:
1007:
951:
903:
319:
962:
958:
448:
against the
Southern Tang in 956. However, efforts in the north to dislodge the
1196:
1074:
1011:
995:
982:
966:
88:
1506:
1406:
1324:
1139:
By Robert
Kokotailo (Calgary Coin & Antique Gallery – Chinese Cast Coins)
1113:
Gary
Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture)
465:
35:
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31:
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572:
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cash coins. They were cast from melted-down bronze statues from 3,336
476:, bringing all of the southern states into its control as well as the
1319:
1218:
999:
933:
156:
395:, served as the Assistant Military Commissioner at the court of the
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923:
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98:
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468:
usurped the throne and declared himself emperor of the Great
428:
400:
301:
1096:
A reference list of 5000 years of
Chinese coinage. (Numista)
957:
The pattern of the Zhouyuan Tongbao is based on that of the
1002:
as a pair on their reverse symbolising either a harmonious
978:
555:
Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign
531:
Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign
487:
325:
322:
589:
367:that controlled most of northern China during the
1553:States and territories disestablished in the 960s
1504:
1548:States and territories established in the 950s
1204:
1484:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
1169:. Harvard University Press. pp. 13, 14.
1053:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
902:attributed to the Later Zhou period are the
1211:
1197:
472:, a dynasty that would eventually reunite
386:
63:
1101:
886:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
455:
1477:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
889:
375:(Emperor Taizu), it was preceded by the
1558:10th-century disestablishments in China
520:年號) and their according range of years
359:) in historiography, was a short-lived
14:
1505:
1220:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
1088:
369:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
183:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
27:Chinese ruling dynasty from 951 to 960
1192:
1065:Hartill, David (September 22, 2005).
932:) coins which were issued by Emperor
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490:Sovereigns of the Later Zhou, 951–960
1538:10th-century establishments in China
1164:
894:A Zhouyuan Tongbao (周元通寶) cash coin.
1528:Former countries in Chinese history
435:
24:
969:, Shizong also ordered a fleet of
414:
25:
1569:
1470:Old History of the Five Dynasties
464:upon his death. Soon thereafter,
1094:Numis' Numismatic Encyclopedia.
1014:, and other auspicious objects.
597:Later Zhou emperors family tree
590:Later Zhou emperors' family tree
440:Guo Rong, posthumously known as
318:
281:
256:
1518:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
432:Rong) would succeed his reign.
419:Guo Wei, posthumously known as
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1059:
1041:
946:
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937:
928:
919:
911:
355:
346:
338:
13:
1:
1175:"5 DYNASTIES & 10 STATES"
1029:
442:Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou
1034:
30:Not to be confused with the
7:
1017:
940:; traditional Chinese:
871:
421:Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou
194:• Dynasty established
125:
10:
1574:
1157:
988:Chinese charms and amulets
875:
460:Guo Rong was succeeded by
29:
1461:
1420:
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1273:Ten Kingdoms (Ten States)
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1167:Imperial China (900–1800)
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204:• Formal abdication
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829:Chai Zongxun 柴宗训 953–973
361:Chinese imperial dynasty
1077:: Trafford Publishing.
950:) during his Guangshun
878:Ancient Chinese coinage
387:Founding of the dynasty
1433:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1109:"Chinese coins – 中國錢幣"
895:
540:Guǎngshun (廣順) 951–954
462:his seven-year-old son
456:Fall of the Later Zhou
1543:960 disestablishments
893:
765:Chai Rong 柴榮 921–959
381:Northern Song dynasty
379:and succeeded by the
111:Chinese folk religion
85:Common languages
1368:independent entities
1165:Mote, F. W. (1999).
583:Xiǎndé (顯德) 959–960
564:Xiǎndé (顯德) 954–959
399:, a regime ruled by
363:and the last of the
69:Later Zhou territory
916:traditional Chinese
898:The only series of
882:Cash (Chinese coin)
492:
343:traditional Chinese
1533:951 establishments
1523:Dynasties of China
1421:Neighboring states
1115:. 16 November 2016
1067:Cast Chinese Coins
947:guǎng shùn yuánbǎo
908:simplified Chinese
896:
693:Guo Wei 郭威 904–954
503:Posthumous names (
488:
427:ruler of northern
335:simplified Chinese
18:Later Zhou dynasty
1500:
1499:
1024:Monarchy of China
977:to trade Chinese
929:zhōuyuán tōng bǎo
866:
865:
862:
861:
830:
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587:
586:
577:柴宗訓 Chái Zōngxùn
513:Period of reigns
377:Later Han dynasty
307:
306:
293:
292:
289:
288:
269:
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16:(Redirected from
1565:
1443:Tibetan kingdoms
1403:
1385:Qingyuan Circuit
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1085:. Pages 113–114.
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963:Buddhist temples
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904:Zhouyuan Tongbao
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543:Xiǎndé (顯德) 954
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436:Rule of Guo Rong
423:, was the first
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1503:
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1457:
1416:
1397:
1390:Jinghai Circuit
1380:Dingnan Circuit
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1334:
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1217:
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959:Kaiyuan Tongbao
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876:Main articles:
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684:Empress Shengmu
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510:Personal names
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415:Rule of Guo Wei
389:
321:
317:
312:, known as the
282:
257:
205:
198:13 February 951
195:
165:
164:• 959–960
157:Emperor Shizong
153:
152:• 954–959
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140:• 951–954
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1412:Lulong Circuit
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1395:Wuping Circuit
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1083:978-1412054669
1075:United Kingdom
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1012:Chinese zodiac
996:Chinese dragon
967:bronze mirrors
944:; pinyin:
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1407:Guiyi Circuit
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1325:Southern Tang
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579:
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560:
558:柴榮 Chái Róng
557:
554:
551:
548:
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536:
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527:
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523:
519:
515:
512:
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481:
479:
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467:
466:Zhao Kuangyin
463:
453:
451:
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443:
433:
430:
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412:
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398:
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378:
374:
371:. Founded by
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
344:
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298:Today part of
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277:Northern Song
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145:Emperor Taizu
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41:
37:
36:Northern Zhou
33:
19:
1491:Wudai Huiyao
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1438:Liao dynasty
1375:Yiwu Circuit
1365:
1339:Other states
1330:Northern Han
1310:Southern Han
1263:
1178:. Retrieved
1166:
1145:13 September
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1119:13 September
1117:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1090:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1043:
956:
952:period title
945:
927:
897:
867:
832:
768:
696:
542:
489:
478:Northern Han
470:Song dynasty
459:
450:Northern Han
439:
418:
405:Liu Chengyou
401:Shatuo Turks
390:
354:
313:
309:
308:
246:Succeeded by
245:
240:
229:copper coins
225:Chinese coin
221:Chinese cash
169:Emperor Gong
103:Confucianism
32:Zhou dynasty
1398: [
1239:Later Liang
678:柴守礼 896–967
675:Chai Shouli
534:郭威 Guō Weī
516:Era names (
425:Han Chinese
393:Han Chinese
391:Guo Wei, a
241:Preceded by
1513:Later Zhou
1507:Categories
1285:Former Shu
1264:Later Zhou
1249:Later Tang
1180:2006-10-08
1030:References
983:the Buddha
900:cash coins
314:Later Zhou
117:Government
1462:Histories
1320:Later Shu
1259:Later Han
1254:Later Jin
1035:Citations
1000:fenghuang
973:to go to
573:恭帝 Gōngdì
446:victories
397:Later Han
264:Later Han
95:Religion
1453:Đại Việt
1366:De facto
1224:Timeline
1071:Trafford
1018:See also
1004:marriage
872:Currency
580:959–960
561:954–959
537:951–954
518:Nian Hao
498:Miao Hao
480:by 979.
356:Hòu Zhōu
217:Currency
120:Monarchy
107:Buddhism
1315:Jingnan
1158:Sources
1008:Emperor
1006:or the
992:malaria
934:Shizong
839:959–960
775:954–959
770:Shizong
703:951–954
610:Chai 柴翁
550:Shìzōng
505:Shi Hao
373:Guo Wei
126:Emperor
79:Kaifeng
75:Capital
58:951–960
40:Wu Zhou
38:or the
1428:Balhae
1141:. 2018
1081:
1048:"Zhou"
926::
924:pinyin
918::
910::
884:, and
834:Gongdi
484:Rulers
353::
351:pinyin
345::
337::
130:
99:Taoism
34:, the
1402:]
1295:Wuyue
975:Korea
971:junks
698:Taizu
552:(世宗)
528:(太祖)
526:Tàizŭ
474:China
429:China
409:Gaozu
302:China
1448:Dali
1351:Zhao
1247:) /
1147:2018
1121:2018
1079:ISBN
998:and
979:silk
942:廣順元寶
938:广顺元宝
920:周元通寶
912:周元通宝
686:圣穆皇后
507:諡號)
500:廟號)
310:Zhou
231:etc.
49:Zhou
1356:Yan
1304:Yin
1302:/ (
1300:Min
1290:Chu
1245:Jin
1509::
1400:zh
1346:Qi
1280:Wu
1137:.
1111:.
1073:,
1069:.
1050:.
922:;
914:;
880:,
836:恭帝
772:世宗
700:太祖
403:.
383:.
349:;
347:後周
341:;
339:后周
333:;
326:oʊ
323:dʒ
227:,
223:,
109:,
105:,
101:,
1306:)
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1222:(
1212:e
1205:t
1198:v
1183:.
1149:.
1123:.
1056:.
906:(
329:/
320:/
316:(
52:周
42:.
20:)
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