39:
2100:
617:. The numbers of Ossetian, Kumyk and Avar speakers dropped by 43,000, 63,000 and 80,000 respectively. As of 2018, it has been reported that the North Caucasus is nearly devoid of schools that teach in mainly their native languages, with the exception of one school in North Ossetia, and a few in rural regions of Dagestan; this is true even in largely monoethnic Chechnya and Ingushetia. Chechen and Ingush are still used as languages of everyday communication to a greater degree than their North Caucasian neighbours, but sociolinguistics argue that the current situation will lead to their degradation relative to Russian as well.
1648:
violations of
Bashkortostan in the languages of Bashkortostan. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, equality of languages is recognized. Equality of languages is a combination of the rights of peoples and people to preserve and fully develop their native language, freedom of choice and use of the language of communication. The writing of names of geographical objects and the inscription, road and other signs along with the state language of the Republic of Bashkortostan can be done in the languages of Bashkortostan in the territories where they are concentrated. Similar laws were adopted in
571:. Although the "hand-picked" Duma representatives from the Caucasus did not oppose the bill, it prompted a large outcry in the North Caucasus with representatives from the region being accused of cowardice. The law was also seen as possibly destabilizing, threatening ethnic relations and revitalizing the various North Caucasian nationalist movements. The International Circassian Organization called for the law to be rescinded before it came into effect. Twelve of Russia's ethnic autonomies, including five in the Caucasus called for the legislation to be blocked.
879:
1288:
1116:
1048:
701:
1104:
1036:
1966:
789:
1335:
817:
7233:
1008:
1172:
1363:
919:
7243:
1419:
1300:
1260:
1076:
980:
891:
851:
759:
613:, the law came after a decade in which educational opportunities in the indigenous languages was reduced by more than 50%, due to budget reductions and federal efforts to decrease the role of languages other than Russian. During this period, numerous indigenous languages in the North Caucasus showed significant decreases in their numbers of speakers even though the numbers of the corresponding nationalities increased, leading to fears of
1232:
1144:
223:
1451:
947:
729:
1479:
1200:
422:
1391:
4390:
2398:
2379:
193:
2417:
4394:
636:. One of the amendments is to enshrine Russian as the “language of the state-forming nationality” and the Russian people as the ethnic group that created the nation. The amendment has been met with criticism from Russia's minorities who argue that it goes against the principle that Russia is a multinational state and will only marginalize them further.
477:, which are used in different regions of Russia. These languages include; Ossetic, Ukrainian, Buryat, Kalmyk, Chechen, Ingush, Abaza, Adyghe, Cherkess, Kabardian, Altai, Bashkir, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Karachay-Balkar, Khakas, Nogai, Tatar, Tuvan, Yakut, Erzya, Komi, Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Moksha, and Udmurt. There are
3846:"Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики от 1 сентября 1997 г. N 28-РЗ (принята Парламентом Кабардино-Балкарской Республики 1 сентября 1997 г.) (в редакции, принятой Конституционным Собранием 12 июля 2006 г., республиканских законов от 28 июля 2001 г. / Глава III Государственное устройство (ст.ст. 67-77)"
4473:
project, which aims at presenting the languages of Russia to the Web and at facilitating their usage on the Web (most information is in
Russian; it provides scientific references on each individual language as well as links to online language descriptions, educational and scientific institutions
1671:
The federal law "On the languages of the peoples of the
Russian Federation" allows the federal subjects to establish additionally official languages in the areas where minority groups live. The following 15 languages benefit from various degrees of recognition in various regions under this law:
1647:
adopted the Law on the
Languages of Nations, which is one of the regional laws aimed at protecting and preserving minority languages. The main provisions of the law include General Provisions, Language names of geographic regions. objects and inscriptions, road and other signs, liability for
2501:
Every year the
Russian Ministry of Education and Science publishes statistics on the languages used in schools. In 2014/2015 the absolute majority (13.1 million or 96%) of 13.7 million Russian students used Russian as a medium of education. Around 1.6 million or 12% students studied their
518:
When the bill was still being considered, advocates for the minorities warned that the bill could endanger their languages and traditional cultures. The law came after a lawsuit in the summer of 2017, where a
Russian mother claimed that her son had been "materially harmed" by learning the
1540:
defines "Russian and the languages of the peoples of
Dagestan" as the state languages, though no comprehensive list of the languages was given. 14 of these languages (including Russian) are literary written languages; therefore they are commonly considered to be the official languages of
2347:
In 2015, a survey taken in all federal subjects of Russia showed that 70% of
Russians could not speak a foreign language. Almost 30% could speak English, 6% could speak German, 1% could speak French, 1% could speak Spanish, 1% could speak Arabic and 0.5% could speak another language.
2250:
Knowledge of a foreign language varies among social groups. It is most appreciable (15-18%) in big cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants, while in Moscow it rises up to 35%. People with higher education and high economic and social status are more likely to know a foreign language.
527:
argued that it was wrong to force someone to learn a language that is not their own. The later "language crackdown" in which autonomous units were forced to stop mandatory hours of native languages was also seen as a move by Putin to "build identity in
Russian society".
2246:
Knowledge of at least one foreign language is common among younger and middle-aged people. Among those aged 18–24, 38% can read and "translate with a dictionary", 11% can freely read and speak. Among those aged 25–39, these numbers are 26% and 4% respectively.
664:
to establish official languages other than
Russian. This is a list of the languages that are recognized as official in constitutions of the republics of Russia, as well as the number of native speakers according mostly to the 2010 Census or more recent ones:
493:. In Russia, however, the dominating status of the Russian language continued. Today, 97% of the public school students of Russia receive their education only or mostly in Russian, even though Russia is made up of approximately 80% ethnic Russians.
38:
605:
recorded only 1,042,989 speakers in 2010, a 21.6% drop from 2002. This is attributed to a gradual phasing out of indigenous language teaching both in the cities and rural areas while regional media and governments shift exclusively to Russian.
3943:"Конституция Республики Хакасия (принята на XVII сессии Верховного Совета Республики Хакасия (первого созыва) 25 мая 1995 года) / Глава III. Статус и административно-территориальное устройство Республики Хакасия (ст.ст. 58 - 71)"
2343:
The age and social profiling are the same: knowledge of a foreign language is predominant among the young or middle-aged population, those with a high level of education and high social status, and those who live in big cities.
4324:
17:
2921:
1613:, are official only in Dagestan and in no other Russian republic. In the project of the "Law on the languages of the Republic of Dagestan" 32 languages are listed; however, this law project never came to life.
3451:"Конституция Республики Адыгея (принята на XIV сессии Законодательного Собрания (Хасэ) - Парламента Республики Адыгея 10 марта 1995 года) / Глава 1. Права и свободы человека и гражданина (ст.ст. 18 - 46)"
3551:
4329:[Countries leading by the number of arrivals to the territory of the Russian Federation - Top 50 by entry into the RF for 2014 (total)] (in Russian). RussiaTourism.ru. Archived from
3699:"Конституция Чувашской Республики (принята Государственным Советом Чувашской Республики 30 ноября 2000 г.) / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя Чувашской Республики (ст.ст. 1 - 13)"
3556:[Law of the Republic of Altai - Chapter I. General provisions - Article 4. Legal status of languages] (in Russian). Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Archived from
831:
5031:
4330:
4044:"Конституция Республики Северная Осетия-Алания (принята Верховным Советом Республики Северная Осетия 12 ноября 1994 г.) / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1-17)"
3649:"Конституция Республики Бурятия (принята Верховным Советом Республики Бурятия 22 февраля 1994 г.) / Глава 3. Государственно-правовой статус Республики Бурятия (ст.ст. 60-68)"
4249:
2929:
3968:"Конституция Республики Коми от 17 февраля 1994 г. / Глава III. Государственный статус Республики Коми и административно-территориальное устройство (ст.ст. 61 - 70)"
3055:
2776:
1830:
As a result of mass migration to Russia from the former USSR republics (especially from the Caucasus and Central Asia) many non-indigenous languages are spoken by
4019:"Конституция Республики Марий Эл (принята Конституционным Собранием Республики Марий Эл 24 июня 1995 г.) / Глава I. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1 - 16)"
4144:"Конституция (Основной Закон) Республики Саха (Якутия) / Глава 3. Национально-государственный статус, административно-территориальное устройство (ст. 36 - 53)"
2502:(non-Russian) native language as a subject. The most studied languages are Tatar, Chechen and Chuvash with 347,000, 253,000 and 107,000 students respectively.
5555:
4280:
3557:
5248:
6839:
4865:
3081:
3598:"Конституция Республики Башкортостан от 24 декабря 1993 г. N ВС-22/15 / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя Республики Башкортостан (ст.ст. 1-16)"
3186:
3213:
7198:
5864:
1522:
4169:"Конституция Республики Дагестан (принята Конституционным Собранием 10 июля 2003 г.) / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1 - 17)"
6440:
5937:
621:
4653:
3793:"Конституция Республики Мордовия (принята 21 сентября 1995 г.) / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя Республики Мордовия (п.п. 1 - 13)"
4745:
1644:
452:
4094:"Конституция Республики Тыва (принята Референдумом Республики Тыва 6 мая 2001 г.) / Глава I. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст.1-17)"
6402:
4705:
3108:
6407:
1941:, and some may have gone extinct since data was last reported. On the other hand, some languages may survive even with few speakers.
4357:
4250:
Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan "On the languages of the peoples of the Republic of Bashkortostan» № 216-W on February 15, 1999
2736:
7208:
5630:
6394:
In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.
3293:
531:
Protests and petitions against the bill by either civic society, groups of public intellectuals or regional governments came from
7147:
5167:
5072:
4987:
4514:
2870:
3845:
6803:
5871:
5288:
4043:
3924:
3698:
3597:
2852:
1938:
408:
4370:
4168:
4118:
3792:
3648:
3400:
1837:
For comparison, Russian citizens with ethnicities matching these of home countries of migrant workers of are much lower (from
7122:
5383:
5046:
4725:
4214:
4069:"Конституция Республики Татарстан от 6 ноября 1992 г. / Глава 1. Государственный Совет Республики Татарстан (ст.ст. 67 - 88)"
4068:
4018:
3942:
3673:
3526:
2811:
5767:
4143:
4093:
3967:
3450:
1623:
with Russian as the only official language. However, there exists the special law about state support and protection of the
6872:
5717:
5429:
4682:
279:
7167:
6498:
5660:
4604:
2780:
4326:Страны, лидирующие по количеству прибытий на территорию Российской Федерации - Топ 50 по въезду в РФ за 2014 год (всего)
4283:
7272:
5162:
4781:
3401:"Конституция Карачаево-Черкесской Республики от 5 марта 1996 г. / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1-13)"
2957:
4466:
4300:"Закон РФ от 25.10.1991 N 1807-I "О языках народов Российской Федерации" (с изменениями и дополнениями) | ГАРАНТ"
3674:"Конституция Чеченской Республики (принята 23 марта 2003 г.) / Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1 - 13)"
6433:
5930:
5595:
5484:
5419:
4720:
4579:
656:, there are several other officially recognized languages within Russia's various constituencies – article 68 of the
4239:Закон Республики Карелия «О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия»
3321:
5343:
5326:
4992:
2000:, 1995. Given the time that has passed, languages with extremely few speakers might be extinct today. Since 1994,
4474:
related to the language, resources on computer-processing of the language and some sites written in this language)
3527:"Конституция Республики Алтай (Основной Закон) (принята 7 июня 1997 г.) / Глава I. Общие положения (ст.ст. 22-26)"
6834:
6705:
6518:
5137:
4675:
4119:"Конституция Удмуртской Республики от 7 декабря 1994 г. / Глава 1. Основы Конституционного строя (ст.ст. 1 - 15)"
490:
445:
6957:
6793:
6543:
5742:
5368:
4801:
2758:
2481:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, French was a common language among upper class Russians. The impetus came from
1800:
1791:
1756:
593:. Between 2002 and 2010 the number of Udmurt speakers dwindled from 463,000 to 324,000. Other languages in the
7203:
6715:
5538:
5253:
5077:
5037:
4791:
4715:
4710:
4614:
3894:
1783:
1774:
1752:
751:
693:
3134:
7267:
7162:
7067:
6808:
6760:
6630:
6625:
6426:
6397:
5923:
5824:
5804:
5707:
5358:
5308:
5172:
5017:
4982:
4665:
473:, the most widely spoken language, is the only official language at the national level. There are 25 other
335:
320:
5722:
5459:
5331:
5238:
5192:
5182:
5147:
5027:
4902:
4887:
4541:
4507:
4375:
2609:
2605:
2595:
1456:
952:
633:
478:
2712:
7172:
6765:
6590:
6338:
5782:
5615:
5397:
5378:
5278:
5268:
5263:
4855:
4735:
4423:
3763:
3109:"Alexander Blinov: "In state structures, the Chuvash language most often performs a symbolic function""
2082:
2076:
438:
372:
206:
2099:
597:
recorded similar declines in the number of speakers; between the 2002 and 2010 censuses the number of
505:
adopted a bill that made education in all languages but Russian optional, overruling previous laws by
7117:
7082:
7037:
6770:
6732:
5834:
5814:
5787:
5543:
5303:
5062:
4941:
4870:
4750:
2600:
1831:
1665:
403:
269:
7007:
7002:
6897:
6889:
6865:
6690:
6331:
6255:
6248:
5348:
5187:
5157:
5022:
4936:
4845:
4808:
4193:
2922:"How Russian state pressure on regional languages is sparking civic activism in the North Caucasus"
2657:
1340:
1093:
345:
3161:
2135:
15% of Russians know a foreign language. From those who claim knowledge of at least one language:
1834:. For example, in 2014 2.4 million Uzbek citizens and 1.2 million Tajik citizens entered Russia.
7127:
7102:
7017:
6997:
6947:
6917:
6907:
6660:
6620:
6600:
6580:
6483:
6302:
6281:
6262:
6166:
6006:
5999:
5854:
5829:
5665:
5514:
5474:
5177:
5122:
5007:
4875:
4238:
2943:
2688:
1787:
1594:
1322:
244:
113:
85:
7213:
7092:
7087:
6967:
6798:
6595:
6295:
6288:
6044:
5792:
5650:
5620:
5575:
5526:
5521:
5454:
5338:
5298:
5258:
5092:
5002:
4997:
4818:
4730:
4597:
4500:
4271:// Бюллетень Сети этнологического мониторинга и раннего предупреждения конфликтов, No. 23, 1999
936:
657:
625:
506:
398:
300:
3925:"Karelian, Vepps, and Finnish languages have got the state support in the Republic of Karelia"
7157:
7107:
7062:
7042:
7032:
6932:
6818:
6750:
6720:
6675:
6670:
6645:
6503:
6270:
5819:
5560:
5533:
5494:
5434:
5233:
5202:
5112:
4860:
4796:
4487:
4477:
2972:"Кумыки потребовали снять с повестки дня Госдумы законопроект о добровольном изучении языков"
1761:
377:
259:
174:
6788:
2717:[International languages August 2023] (in Russian). Levada Center. 14 September 2023
7132:
7047:
7027:
6912:
6902:
6710:
6700:
6650:
6610:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6548:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6508:
6493:
6488:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6112:
6019:
5849:
5757:
5752:
5504:
5439:
5197:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5087:
5082:
5042:
4549:
4483:
4478:
Population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia in 1897
4253:
2630:"The Constitution of the Russian Federation - Chapter 3. The Federal Structure, Article 68"
2590:
2009:
1857:
1558:
1189:
614:
350:
330:
148:
8:
7187:
7177:
7112:
7012:
6992:
6982:
6942:
6927:
6922:
6858:
6813:
6755:
6695:
6685:
6665:
6640:
6635:
6615:
6585:
6553:
6538:
6513:
6449:
6120:
5844:
5600:
5469:
5373:
5207:
5152:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5052:
5012:
4977:
4919:
4833:
4764:
4626:
1934:
1838:
1809:
1734:
1725:
1620:
1616:
1293:
1149:
1121:
1053:
706:
661:
93:
89:
3723:
Tyers, Francis M.; Washington, Jonathan N.; Kavitskaya, Darya; Gökırmak, Memduh (2019).
2871:"A Common Language: Russia's 'Ethnic' Republics See Language Bill As Existential Threat"
2107:
headquarters reflecting the international nature of the oil industry: it is in Russian,
1979:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
7218:
7137:
7097:
7072:
7052:
6987:
6962:
6952:
6937:
6725:
6680:
6605:
6575:
6325:
6191:
6161:
6105:
6059:
5772:
5747:
5737:
5727:
5712:
5697:
5655:
5585:
5570:
5509:
5489:
5479:
5449:
5424:
5409:
5353:
5293:
5283:
5142:
4965:
4951:
4946:
4892:
4828:
4638:
4268:
3742:
3553:Закон Республики Алтай - Глава I. Общие положения - Статья 4. Правовое положение языков
2108:
1815:
1765:
1590:
1436:
1109:
1041:
1025:
843:
548:
474:
340:
325:
274:
249:
142:
133:(71% out of all foreign language speakers or 15% of the population; 30% to some degree.
109:
105:
7242:
7057:
7022:
6977:
6972:
6881:
6232:
6146:
5890:
5642:
5610:
5605:
5590:
5565:
5414:
5363:
5313:
5243:
5221:
5066:
4850:
4786:
4776:
4740:
4643:
4609:
4587:
4532:
4269:
The law "On the Languages of the peoples of the Republic of Bashkortostan" is adopted
3870:
3817:
3746:
3502:"Конституция Республики Дагестан (принята Конституционным Собранием 10 июля 2003 г.)"
3501:
3042:"Представители нацреспублик России назвали закон о родных языках антиконституционным"
2486:
2120:
2104:
1997:
1917:
1907:
1847:
1730:
1680:
1624:
1326:
1317:
1133:
649:
254:
214:
79:
57:
4427:
3928:
3267:""We are again foreigners, but now officially." Amendment to the constituent people"
3082:"Man Dies After Self-Immolation Protest Over Language Policies in Russia's Udmurtia"
3056:"Russian Scholar Dies From Self-Immolation While Protesting to Save Native Language"
6372:
6362:
6310:
6242:
6227:
6207:
6176:
6094:
6039:
6034:
6024:
5960:
5839:
5777:
5732:
5675:
5580:
5499:
5464:
5273:
4924:
4823:
4631:
3732:
3014:"Общественники Ингушетии: законопроект о языках – "циничная дискриминация народов""
2052:
2035:
2030:
1945:
1721:
1685:
1632:
1628:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1578:
1562:
1546:
1506:
1442:
972:
908:
868:
806:
781:
645:
602:
489:
Russian lost its status in many of the new republics that arose following the 1991
470:
362:
305:
187:
156:
130:
121:
101:
62:
48:
3342:
3028:"Международная черкесская ассоциация призвала заблокировать закон о родных языках"
2825:
6377:
6357:
6315:
6237:
6222:
6212:
6186:
6133:
6074:
6069:
6054:
6049:
6029:
5993:
5983:
5899:
5859:
5762:
5702:
5692:
5680:
5625:
5444:
4838:
4813:
4592:
4470:
4453:
4443:
2490:
2482:
2112:
2088:
1887:
1867:
1796:
1779:
1748:
1739:
1712:
1694:
1676:
1566:
1408:
1249:
1161:
1065:
997:
838:
718:
590:
589:
as it was considering passing the controversial bill to reduce the status of the
582:
560:
511:
367:
357:
315:
310:
181:
152:
136:
2629:
6275:
6181:
6171:
6156:
6151:
6141:
6126:
6084:
5988:
5978:
5797:
5670:
4931:
4897:
4621:
4574:
3000:"Чеченские педагоги назвали факультативное изучение родного языка неприемлемым"
2958:"Кабардино-Балкария против законопроекта о добровольном обучении родным языкам"
2693:[Command of foreign languages] (in Russian). Levada Center. 28 May 2014
2124:
2064:
2058:
2024:
2005:
2001:
1897:
1877:
1819:
1770:
1743:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1610:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1550:
1468:
1380:
1352:
1277:
967:
794:
776:
688:
610:
524:
520:
393:
4418:
Offord, Derek, Lara Ryazanova-Clarke, Vladislav Rjéoutski, and Gesine Argent.
4215:"Конституция Республики Карелия / Глава 1. Основные положения (ст.ст. 1 - 15)"
3992:
3737:
3724:
3622:
3571:
3475:
3367:
3239:
7261:
7236:
6320:
6217:
6099:
6079:
6014:
5904:
5809:
5318:
5057:
4648:
3729:
Proceedings of the Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages
2663:
2132:
2040:
2017:
1805:
1703:
1554:
1205:
822:
746:
598:
544:
426:
169:
3041:
3027:
2999:
6381:
6367:
6089:
6064:
5685:
4670:
4660:
4463:
4420:
French and Russian in Imperial Russia: Language Use among the Russian Elite
3266:
2985:
2971:
2070:
1574:
594:
579:
556:
3425:
3013:
7246:
4880:
4687:
4564:
3240:"Amendment to state-forming people faces criticism in the North Caucasus"
2013:
1221:
295:
4281:Десять лет назад принят Закон "О языках народов Республики Башкортостан"
3871:"Степное Уложение (Конституция) Республики Калмыкия от 5 апреля 1994 г."
4909:
4569:
4559:
4457:
4447:
1949:
1013:
629:
568:
502:
6418:
5915:
4554:
2826:"Gosduma prinyala chtenii zakonoproekt ob izuchen'i rodnyix yez'ikov"
1661:
1653:
1368:
1217:
1177:
924:
552:
536:
532:
6850:
3187:"Russian Lawmakers Adopt Putin's Sweeping Constitutional Amendments"
1937:
in Russia. Some are considered to be near extinction and put on the
3902:
2869:
Coalson, Robert; Lyubimov, Dmitry; Alpaut, Ramazan (20 June 2018).
2254:
The new study by Levada-Center in April 2014 reveals such numbers:
2046:
1657:
1542:
1537:
1424:
1305:
1265:
1081:
985:
896:
884:
856:
764:
575:
564:
239:
4492:
4299:
2986:"В Хасавюрте прошёл митинг в поддержку преподавания родного языка"
2505:
The most studied foreign languages in 2013/2014 were as follows:
2485:'s orientation of Russia towards Europe and accelerated after the
18:
Law on the language of the people of the Republic of Bashkortostan
5032:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4914:
3722:
2662:[Knowledge of foreign languages in Russia] (in Russian).
1649:
1526:
1484:
1237:
586:
540:
3162:"Kremlin denies Russia constitution rewrite is Putin power grab"
4523:
3818:"Конституция Республики Ингушетия (принята 27 февраля 1994 г.)"
2116:
734:
653:
97:
44:
3770:(in Russian). State Council, Republic of Crimea. 11 April 2014
4430:
2853:"Russian minorities fear for languages amid new restrictions"
192:
3294:"Who to benefit from 'Russian article' in the Constitution?"
2944:"Тамерлан Камболов попросит Путина защитить осетинский язык"
509:
This bill has been likened by some commentators, such as in
1396:
3725:"A Biscriptual Morphological Transducer for Crimean Tatar"
3214:"Putin proposes gay marriage constitutional ban in Russia"
2737:"Percentage of Russians who speak English doubles to 30%"
2131:
According to the various studies made in 2005-2008 by
2868:
4358:
Percentage of Russian who speak English double to 30
4391:"Статистическая информация 2014. Общее образование"
3343:"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire"
2777:"Russia - Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette"
2336:
From 1602 respondents from 16 and older, April 2014
3895:"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020"
1928:
7259:
2319:Can speak a foreign language but with difficulty
2239:From 2100 respondents of every age, January 2005
2214:Ukrainian, Belarusian and other Slavic languages
601:speakers declined from 254,000 to 204,000 while
585:in front of the regional government building in
4194:"В Дагестане сделают государственными 32 языка"
2185:From 1775 respondents aged 15-29, November 2006
535:(with attempts for demonstrations suppressed),
2493:, Russia became less inclined towards French.
6866:
6434:
5931:
4508:
4368:
2915:
2913:
2911:
1638:
1635:languages in the republic, see next section.
446:
4484:The History of the French Language in Russia
3291:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2683:
2681:
2652:
2650:
1955:
3787:
3785:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
1645:Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan
6873:
6859:
6441:
6427:
5938:
5924:
4515:
4501:
3840:
3838:
2489:. After the Russians fought France in the
2451:Can read and translate using a dictionary
453:
439:
3758:
3756:
3736:
3160:Seddon, Max; Foy, Henry (10 March 2020).
3159:
2888:
2832:
2705:
2678:
2647:
2496:
1518:
1516:
1514:
4353:
4351:
3782:
3764:"Constitution of the Republic of Crimea"
3544:
3386:
2787:
2258:Can speak freely at least one language:
2098:
1944:Some languages have doubtful data, like
6448:
5945:
5168:Collective Security Treaty Organization
4464:Minority languages of Russia on the Net
4011:
3835:
3237:
2864:
2862:
2729:
72:
14:
7260:
3753:
3264:
3211:
3106:
2919:
2812:"Putin's Plan to Russify the Caucasus"
2779:. Kwintessential.co.uk. Archived from
2759:"What Languages Are Spoken in Russia?"
2327:Do not speak a foreign Language at all
1939:list of endangered languages in Russia
1511:
126:13–20% have foreign language knowledge
6880:
6854:
6422:
5919:
4726:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
4496:
4348:
3519:
3316:
3314:
679:
639:
5865:Unified Sports Classification System
3322:"2010 All-Russian Population Census"
3292:Rakhmatullin, Timur (5 March 2020).
2859:
2714:Иностранные яазики: Август 2023 года
2094:
1959:
1825:
4522:
2459:Can understand colloquial language
24:
5163:Commonwealth of Independent States
4412:
4371:"Why was French spoken in Russia?"
3311:
3107:Blinov, Alexander (10 June 2022).
2855:. Deutsche Welle. 5 December 2017.
2659:Знание иностранных языков в России
2193:"Know enough to read newspapers":
221:
25:
7284:
6840:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
4437:
3271:Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty
3265:Alpout, Ramadan (10 March 2020).
3238:Jalilov, Rustam (11 March 2020).
2814:. Foreign Affairs. 1 August 2018.
1154:around 14,000 (2020–2021 census)
7241:
7232:
7231:
6408:Mass media by language of Russia
6403:Knowledge in languages of Russia
4252:(as amended up until 2010)) and
3329:Federal State Statistics Service
2415:
2397:
2396:
2378:
2377:
1964:
1529:by most of the UN Member States.
1477:
1449:
1417:
1389:
1361:
1333:
1298:
1286:
1258:
1230:
1198:
1170:
1142:
1114:
1102:
1074:
1046:
1034:
1006:
978:
945:
917:
889:
877:
849:
815:
787:
757:
727:
699:
515:, to a policy of Russification.
496:
420:
191:
37:
4383:
4362:
4317:
4292:
4274:
4261:
4243:
4232:
4207:
4186:
4161:
4136:
4111:
4086:
4061:
4036:
3985:
3960:
3935:
3917:
3887:
3863:
3810:
3716:
3691:
3666:
3641:
3615:
3590:
3564:
3494:
3468:
3443:
3418:
3360:
3335:
3285:
3258:
3231:
3205:
3179:
3153:
3127:
3100:
3086:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3074:
3048:
3034:
3020:
3006:
2992:
2978:
2964:
2950:
2936:
2875:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2818:
2360:% of speakers in Russia (2015)
2357:% of speakers in Russia (2003)
491:dissolution of the Soviet Union
7199:British Indian Ocean Territory
6201:Languages with official status
3016:. Kavkaz Realii. 12 June 2018.
2920:Kaplan, Mikail (31 May 2018).
2769:
2751:
2622:
2443:Can speak English to a degree
2416:
1996:Most numbers are according to
1929:Endangered languages in Russia
1801:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1792:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1757:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1499:
51:, Russian, Swedish and German.
13:
1:
5073:Political abuse of psychiatry
4369:Yegorov, Oleg (25 May 2017).
3212:Budryk, Zack (3 March 2020).
2690:Владение иностранными языками
2616:
1952:is based on the 1959 census.
1784:Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
1775:Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
1753:Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
501:On 19 June 2018, the Russian
5718:Traditions and superstitions
4444:Languages of European Russia
3002:. Kavkaz Uzel. 30 July 2018.
2828:. RIA Novosti. 19 June 2018.
2476:
7:
5384:Water supply and sanitation
4376:Russia Beyond the Headlines
3044:. Kavkaz Uzel. 1 July 2018.
3030:. Kavkaz Uzel. 5 July 2018.
2606:Russian Academy of Sciences
2596:List of languages of Russia
2584:
479:over 100 minority languages
84:Dozens of languages of the
10:
7289:
4424:Edinburgh University Press
2425:
1639:Other recognized languages
1525:; recognized as a part of
484:
7273:Language policy in Russia
7227:
7186:
7146:
6888:
6827:
6779:
6741:
6456:
6392:
6350:
6200:
5969:
5953:
5884:
5641:
5405:
5396:
5229:
5220:
4973:
4964:
4772:
4763:
4698:
4540:
4531:
4454:Languages of Asian Russia
3738:10.33011/computel.v1i.423
2988:. Idel Real. 15 May 2018.
2974:. Idel Real. 10 May 2018.
2601:Languages of the Caucasus
2334:
2237:
2183:
1973:This section needs to be
1956:Languages near extinction
1948:whose information in the
1666:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
1523:Annexed by Russia in 2014
711:37,831 (2010 Census-2014)
180:
168:
120:
78:
68:
56:
36:
31:
6948:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5158:Prime Minister of Russia
4325:
3552:
2946:. Gradus. 3 August 2018.
2713:
2689:
2658:
2514:Students (in thousands)
2467:Can speak very fluently
2222:Other European languages
660:only allows the various
481:spoken in Russia today.
7209:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5596:Social entrepreneurship
5485:Forced public apologies
5420:Anti-American sentiment
1788:Nenets Autonomous Okrug
1601:. All of these, except
1461:1,129,838 (2010 Census)
1373:4,280,718 (2010 Census)
929:1,042,989 (2010 Census)
901:1,354,705 (2010 Census)
827:1,152,404 (2010 Census)
6499:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5344:Social security system
5327:Science and technology
4993:Classified information
4819:Central Russian Upland
4219:constitution.garant.ru
4173:constitution.garant.ru
4148:constitution.garant.ru
4123:constitution.garant.ru
4098:constitution.garant.ru
4073:constitution.garant.ru
4048:constitution.garant.ru
4023:constitution.garant.ru
3972:constitution.garant.ru
3947:constitution.garant.ru
3874:constitution.garant.ru
3850:constitution.garant.ru
3822:constitution.garant.ru
3797:constitution.garant.ru
3703:constitution.garant.ru
3678:constitution.garant.ru
3653:constitution.garant.ru
3602:constitution.garant.ru
3531:constitution.garant.ru
3506:constitution.garant.ru
3455:constitution.garant.ru
3405:constitution.garant.ru
2497:Languages of education
2128:
2020:have become extinct.
1058:590,000 (2010 Census)
957:308,000 (2010 Census)
658:Constitution of Russia
648:is the only federally
574:On 10 September 2019,
226:
5805:Russian tsars regalia
5138:Intelligence agencies
4861:Great Russian Regions
4605:Expansion (1500-1800)
4488:University of Bristol
4469:20 April 2009 at the
3931:on 11 September 2018.
3560:on 25 September 2015.
2102:
1545:. These are, besides
1489:450,140 (2010 Census)
1429:324,338 (2010 Census)
1345:451,431 (2010 Census)
1270:130,000 (2010 Census)
1210:160,000 (2010 Census)
1126:305,364 (2010 Census)
1018:305,868 (2010 Census)
861:265,000 (2010 Census)
769:800,000 (2010 Census)
225:
175:Russian Sign Language
73:Thirty-five languages
7123:United Arab Emirates
6450:Languages of Europe
5872:World Heritage sites
5249:Droughts and famines
4802:Environmental issues
4550:Proto-Indo-Europeans
2932:on 30 November 2018.
2591:Demography of Russia
2139:"Can speak freely":
2073:(20 speakers) (2019)
1935:endangered languages
1536:The Constitution of
1341:North Ossetia–Alania
1310:87,119 (2010 Census)
1182:43,000 (2010 Census)
1086:80,546 (2010 Census)
990:36,726 (2010 Census)
799:55,720 (2010 Census)
628:was approved by the
626:Russian constitution
615:language replacement
523:, while in a speech
409:World Heritage Sites
182:Keyboard layout
7268:Languages of Russia
7150:limited recognition
6742:States with limited
6398:Languages of Russia
5972:of federal subjects
5947:Languages of Russia
5723:Forms of addressing
5332:Academy of Sciences
5289:Financial districts
5153:President of Russia
5078:Political divisions
5038:Freedom of assembly
4920:West Siberian Plain
4666:Great Patriotic War
4627:February Revolution
3088:. 10 September 2019
3062:. 10 September 2019
2666:. 16 September 2008
2259:
2194:
2140:
2111:, English, German,
1839:2010 Russian Census
1294:Karachay-Cherkessia
1122:Karachay-Cherkessia
1054:Karachay-Cherkessia
1030:Northwest Caucasian
1002:Northeast Caucasian
873:Northeast Caucasian
752:Northeast Caucasian
723:Northwest Caucasian
707:Karachay-Cherkessia
694:Northwest Caucasian
677:Federal subject(s)
662:republics of Russia
467:languages of Russia
94:Northwest Caucasian
90:Northeast Caucasian
32:Languages of Russia
6882:Languages of Asia
5773:Russian given name
5359:Telecommunications
5309:Petroleum industry
5173:State of emergency
5018:Far-right politics
4983:Capital punishment
4829:Meshchera Lowlands
4683:Russian Federation
4639:October Revolution
4254:amendments of 2014
3999:. 19 November 2019
3905:on 24 January 2020
3629:. 19 November 2019
3578:. 19 November 2019
3482:. 19 November 2019
3374:. 19 November 2019
3141:. 23 November 2016
2610:language regulator
2257:
2192:
2138:
2129:
2083:Yukaghir, Southern
2077:Yukaghir, Northern
2067:(8, 60-non native)
1816:Yukaghir languages
1766:Komi-Permyak Okrug
1621:republic of Russia
1457:Republic of Crimea
1110:Kabardino-Balkaria
1042:Kabardino-Balkaria
953:Republic of Crimea
680:Speakers in Russia
640:Official languages
634:Federation Council
549:Kabardino-Balkaria
475:official languages
227:
7255:
7254:
7192:other territories
6848:
6847:
6416:
6415:
6384:
6339:Southern Yukaghir
6332:Northern Yukaghir
6009:
6002:
5913:
5912:
5880:
5879:
5460:Domestic violence
5392:
5391:
5314:Russian oligarchs
5239:Aircraft industry
5216:
5215:
5193:Mass surveillance
5183:Search and rescue
5148:Political parties
5028:Foreign relations
4960:
4959:
4759:
4758:
4751:Historical cities
4610:Tsardom of Russia
3135:"Живой на бумаге"
2582:
2581:
2487:French Revolution
2474:
2473:
2423:
2422:
2341:
2340:
2244:
2243:
2190:
2189:
2105:TyumenNIIgiprogas
2095:Foreign languages
1994:
1993:
1926:
1925:
1841:, in thousands):
1826:Migrant languages
1681:Agin-Buryat Okrug
1549:, the following:
1495:
1494:
650:official language
622:set of amendments
507:ethnic autonomies
463:
462:
427:Russia portal
215:Culture of Russia
200:
199:
116:language families
16:(Redirected from
7280:
7245:
7235:
7234:
7204:Christmas Island
6890:Sovereign states
6875:
6868:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6780:Dependencies and
6716:Northern Ireland
6457:Sovereign states
6443:
6436:
6429:
6420:
6419:
6376:
6373:Mongolian script
6363:Cyrillic Braille
6341:
6334:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6136:
6129:
6115:
6108:
6005:
5998:
5954:Federal language
5940:
5933:
5926:
5917:
5916:
5893:
5840:Russian language
5783:National symbols
5403:
5402:
5322:
5279:Fishing industry
5269:Economic regions
5264:Defence industry
5227:
5226:
4971:
4970:
4925:Russian Far East
4824:Northwest Russia
4782:Cities and towns
4770:
4769:
4632:Russian Republic
4538:
4537:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4397:on 9 August 2018
4393:. Archived from
4387:
4381:
4380:
4366:
4360:
4355:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4336:on 25 March 2016
4335:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4278:
4272:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3927:. Archived from
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3901:. Archived from
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3751:
3750:
3740:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3191:The Moscow Times
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3157:
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3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3060:The Moscow Times
3052:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2960:. 23 April 2018.
2954:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2928:. Archived from
2917:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2765:. 1 August 2017.
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2626:
2508:
2507:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2418:
2400:
2399:
2381:
2380:
2351:
2350:
2260:
2256:
2195:
2191:
2141:
2137:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1844:
1843:
1530:
1520:
1509:
1503:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1012:
1010:
1009:
984:
982:
981:
951:
949:
948:
923:
921:
920:
895:
893:
892:
883:
881:
880:
855:
853:
852:
821:
819:
818:
793:
791:
790:
763:
761:
760:
733:
731:
730:
705:
703:
702:
668:
667:
455:
448:
441:
425:
424:
423:
224:
202:
201:
195:
188:Russian keyboard
41:
29:
28:
21:
7288:
7287:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7277:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7223:
7191:
7182:
7163:Northern Cyprus
7149:
7142:
6884:
6879:
6849:
6844:
6823:
6781:
6775:
6761:Northern Cyprus
6743:
6737:
6631:North Macedonia
6452:
6447:
6417:
6412:
6388:
6346:
6337:
6330:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6261:
6256:Southern Khanty
6254:
6249:Northern Khanty
6247:
6196:
6132:
6125:
6111:
6104:
6070:Karachay-Balkar
5971:
5970:State languages
5965:
5949:
5944:
5914:
5909:
5896:
5889:
5876:
5835:Public holidays
5830:Political jokes
5815:Personification
5768:Names of Russia
5637:
5556:Life expectancy
5388:
5320:
5212:
5063:Law enforcement
4956:
4942:Protected areas
4839:Smolensk Upland
4834:Oka–Don Lowland
4814:European Russia
4755:
4694:
4580:Mongol invasion
4527:
4521:
4471:Wayback Machine
4440:
4415:
4413:Further reading
4410:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4388:
4384:
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4349:
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4323:
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4287:
4279:
4275:
4267:Gabdrafikov I.
4266:
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3621:
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3604:
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3524:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3495:
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3483:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3193:. 11 March 2020
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3166:Financial Times
3158:
3154:
3144:
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3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
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3101:
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3089:
3080:
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3075:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2918:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2867:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2788:
2783:on 31 May 2013.
2775:
2774:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2739:. Russia Beyond
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
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2711:
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2706:
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2691:
2687:
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2660:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2634:constitution.ru
2628:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2587:
2499:
2491:Napoleonic Wars
2483:Peter the Great
2479:
2428:
2097:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1933:There are many
1931:
1832:migrant workers
1828:
1641:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1478:
1476:
1450:
1448:
1441:Indo-European (
1418:
1416:
1390:
1388:
1362:
1360:
1334:
1332:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1259:
1257:
1231:
1229:
1199:
1197:
1171:
1169:
1143:
1141:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1094:Karachay-Balkar
1075:
1073:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1007:
1005:
979:
977:
959:228,000 (2019)
946:
944:
918:
916:
890:
888:
887:
878:
876:
850:
848:
816:
814:
788:
786:
758:
756:
728:
726:
700:
698:
674:Language family
642:
591:Udmurt language
512:Foreign Affairs
499:
487:
459:
421:
419:
222:
196:
190:
127:
52:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7286:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7253:
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7249:
7239:
7228:
7225:
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7222:
7221:
7216:
7211:
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7015:
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7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
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6955:
6950:
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6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6894:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6878:
6877:
6870:
6863:
6855:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6835:European Union
6831:
6829:
6828:Other entities
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6782:other entities
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6706:United Kingdom
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6519:Czech Republic
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6446:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6335:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6303:Southern Mansi
6299:
6292:
6285:
6282:Northern Mansi
6273:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6263:Eastern Khanty
6259:
6252:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6130:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6109:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:Southern Altai
6003:
6000:Northern Altai
5991:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5957:
5955:
5951:
5950:
5943:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5920:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5895:
5894:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5633:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5349:Space industry
5346:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5324:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5188:Urban planning
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5040:
5035:
5025:
5023:Federal budget
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4932:North Caucasus
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4873:
4868:
4866:Highest points
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4811:
4809:Extreme points
4806:
4805:
4804:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
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4696:
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4678:
4673:
4668:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4622:Russian Empire
4619:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526: articles
4520:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4480:
4475:
4461:
4451:
4439:
4438:External links
4436:
4435:
4434:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4382:
4361:
4347:
4316:
4304:base.garant.ru
4291:
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4206:
4185:
4160:
4135:
4110:
4085:
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4035:
4010:
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3959:
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3916:
3899:rosstat.gov.ru
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3809:
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3614:
3589:
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3467:
3442:
3417:
3385:
3359:
3334:
3310:
3298:Realnoe Vremya
3284:
3257:
3244:Caucasian Knot
3230:
3204:
3178:
3152:
3126:
3113:Realnoe Vremya
3099:
3073:
3047:
3033:
3019:
3005:
2991:
2977:
2963:
2949:
2935:
2926:Open Democracy
2887:
2858:
2831:
2817:
2786:
2768:
2750:
2728:
2704:
2677:
2646:
2620:
2618:
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2598:
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2199:
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2148:
2145:
2123:, Chinese and
2096:
2093:
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2091:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2018:Yugh languages
1998:Michael Krauss
1992:
1991:
1985:September 2020
1972:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1894:
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1794:
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1640:
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1532:
1531:
1510:
1497:
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1492:
1490:
1487:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:280,000 (2010)
1399:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1343:
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1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:470,000 (2012)
1240:
1227:
1224:
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1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
1003:
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975:
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859:
846:
841:
835:
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828:
825:
812:
809:
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802:
800:
797:
795:Altai Republic
784:
779:
773:
772:
770:
767:
754:
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:128,000 (2015)
737:
724:
721:
715:
714:
712:
709:
696:
691:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
641:
638:
632:and later the
611:North Caucasus
583:self-immolated
525:Vladimir Putin
521:Tatar language
498:
495:
486:
483:
461:
460:
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457:
450:
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82:
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42:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7173:South Ossetia
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6807:
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6797:
6795:
6794:Faroe Islands
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6766:South Ossetia
6764:
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6609:
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6591:Liechtenstein
6589:
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6424:
6421:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6383:
6382:Kalmyk script
6379:
6378:Buryat script
6374:
6371:
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6364:
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6300:
6297:
6296:Eastern Mansi
6293:
6290:
6289:Western Mansi
6286:
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6048:
6046:
6045:Crimean Tatar
6043:
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5887:
5883:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:Seven Wonders
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:Playing cards
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
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5796:
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5540:
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5520:
5516:
5515:Mental health
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Ethnic groups
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
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5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Civil defense
5176:
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5164:
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5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
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5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:Media freedom
5121:
5119:
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5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Criminal code
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Civil Service
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
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4650:
4649:Russian state
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2987:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2738:
2732:
2716:
2708:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2665:
2664:Levada Center
2661:
2653:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2133:Levada Center
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1988:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1505:Including 1%
1502:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:Indo-European
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1295:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:Komi Republic
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1111:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
992:
989:
987:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
960:
956:
954:
943:
940:
938:
937:Crimean Tatar
935:
934:
931:
928:
926:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
900:
898:
886:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
863:
860:
858:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
829:
826:
824:
823:Bashkortostan
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
771:
768:
766:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
741:
738:
736:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
713:
710:
708:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
676:
673:
670:
669:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:North Ossetia
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
522:
516:
514:
513:
508:
504:
497:Russification
494:
492:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
434:
433:
428:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
390:
389:
385:
384:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
291:
287:
286:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Ethnic groups
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
231:
230:
220:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
204:
203:
194:
189:
185:
183:
179:
176:
173:
171:
167:
161:
158:
154:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
123:
119:
115:
114:Paleosiberian
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:Indo-European
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:Semi-official
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
50:
46:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
7188:Dependencies
7118:Turkmenistan
7083:Saudi Arabia
7077:
6771:Transnistria
6733:Vatican City
6655:
6368:Latin script
6271:Komi-Permyak
5946:
5793:Coat of arms
5753:Martial arts
5661:Army culture
5651:Architecture
5621:Witch trials
5576:Prostitution
5550:
5522:Human rights
5455:Demographics
5369:Trade unions
5339:Shipbuilding
5299:Homelessness
5259:Central Bank
5254:Car industry
5093:Conservatism
5003:Constitution
4998:Conscription
4671:Eastern Bloc
4661:Soviet Union
4654:Russian SFSR
4584:Feudal Rus'
4428:Available at
4419:
4399:. Retrieved
4395:the original
4385:
4374:
4364:
4338:. Retrieved
4331:the original
4319:
4307:. Retrieved
4303:
4294:
4288:(in Russian)
4284:ru:Башинформ
4276:
4263:
4257:(in Russian)
4245:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4218:
4209:
4197:. Retrieved
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:
4138:
4126:. Retrieved
4122:
4113:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4072:
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4047:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4022:
4013:
4001:. Retrieved
3996:
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3950:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3929:the original
3919:
3907:. Retrieved
3903:the original
3898:
3889:
3877:. Retrieved
3873:
3865:
3853:. Retrieved
3849:
3825:. Retrieved
3821:
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3796:
3772:. Retrieved
3767:
3728:
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3702:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3677:
3668:
3656:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3626:
3617:
3605:. Retrieved
3601:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3575:
3566:
3558:the original
3546:
3534:. Retrieved
3530:
3521:
3509:. Retrieved
3505:
3496:
3484:. Retrieved
3479:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3454:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3429:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3404:
3376:. Retrieved
3371:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3328:
3301:. Retrieved
3297:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3273:(in Russian)
3270:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3246:(in Russian)
3243:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3217:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3190:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3165:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3138:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3115:(in Russian)
3112:
3102:
3092:11 September
3090:. Retrieved
3085:
3076:
3066:11 September
3064:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3036:
3022:
3008:
2994:
2980:
2966:
2952:
2938:
2930:the original
2925:
2878:. Retrieved
2874:
2820:
2781:the original
2771:
2762:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2668:. Retrieved
2637:. Retrieved
2633:
2624:
2504:
2500:
2480:
2429:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2184:
2130:
1995:
1982:
1974:
1943:
1932:
1836:
1829:
1762:Komi-Permyak
1670:
1642:
1619:is the only
1615:
1535:
1501:
958:
832:regional law
643:
619:
608:
595:Volga region
580:Albert Razin
573:
530:
517:
510:
500:
488:
466:
464:
399:Coat of arms
378:Video gaming
301:Architecture
264:
162:Others (20%)
43:Memorial in
26:
7247:Asia portal
7148:States with
7068:Philippines
7008:South Korea
7003:North Korea
6898:Afghanistan
6809:Isle of Man
6744:recognition
6691:Switzerland
6626:Netherlands
6157:Yakut/Sakha
6020:Azerbaijani
5845:tea culture
5698:Fairy tales
5561:Open access
5534:Immigration
5495:Gun control
5234:Agriculture
5203:Term limits
5113:Martial law
5108:Nationalism
5103:Irredentism
5098:Imperialism
4881:Caspian Sea
4797:Environment
4792:Earthquakes
4688:Union State
4676:Dissolution
4575:Kievan Rus'
4565:Early Slavs
4401:23 February
2743:26 December
2438:Percentage
2363:Change (%)
2014:Akkala Sami
2010:Medny Aleut
1858:Azerbaijani
1559:Azerbaijani
1222:Meadow Mari
1190:Komi-Zyrian
620:In 2020, a
465:Of all the
260:Immigration
149:Azerbaijani
7262:Categories
7128:Uzbekistan
7103:Tajikistan
7018:Kyrgyzstan
6998:Kazakhstan
6918:Bangladesh
6908:Azerbaijan
6661:San Marino
6621:Montenegro
6601:Luxembourg
6581:Kazakhstan
6484:Azerbaijan
5850:Television
5825:Philosophy
5758:Mass media
5748:Literature
5743:Inventions
5505:Healthcare
5440:Corruption
5430:Censorship
5321:(currency)
5198:Separatism
5143:Opposition
5128:Neo-Nazism
5118:Monarchism
5088:Liberalism
5083:Propaganda
5043:Government
4910:North Asia
4711:Journalism
4570:East Slavs
4560:Sarmatians
4458:Ethnologue
4448:Ethnologue
3997:Ethnologue
3774:14 October
3768:Article 10
3627:Ethnologue
3576:Ethnologue
3480:Ethnologue
3430:Ethnologue
3372:Ethnologue
3347:www.eki.ee
3331:: 142–143.
2763:WorldAtlas
2617:References
2435:Knowledge
2230:All others
2115:, French,
1950:Ethnologue
1014:Ingushetia
630:State Duma
569:Ingushetia
503:State Duma
351:Television
336:Newspapers
326:Literature
280:Traditions
7214:Hong Kong
7168:Palestine
7093:Sri Lanka
7088:Singapore
6968:Indonesia
6799:Gibraltar
6596:Lithuania
6192:Ukrainian
6162:Tabasaran
6060:Kabardian
5708:Festivals
5601:Sociology
5551:Languages
5470:Education
5374:Transport
5208:Terrorism
5053:Judiciary
5047:Apparatus
5013:Elections
4978:Anarchism
4952:Far North
4903:Volcanoes
4888:Mountains
4765:Geography
4644:Civil war
4555:Scythians
3909:3 January
3747:201624024
3572:"Bashkir"
2612:in Russia
2522:11,194.2
2511:Language
2354:Language
2287:Ukrainian
2109:Ukrainian
2047:Sami, Ter
1662:Khakassia
1654:Tatarstan
1591:Tabasaran
1437:Ukrainian
1369:Tatarstan
1218:Hill Mari
1178:Khakassia
1026:Kabardian
925:Chuvashia
830:see also
644:Although
578:activist
553:Karachays
537:Chuvashia
533:Tatarstan
321:Festivals
265:Languages
143:Ukrainian
7237:Category
7158:Abkhazia
7108:Thailand
7063:Pakistan
7043:Mongolia
7038:Maldives
7033:Malaysia
6933:Cambodia
6819:Svalbard
6804:Guernsey
6751:Abkhazia
6721:Scotland
6676:Slovenia
6671:Slovakia
6646:Portugal
6504:Bulgaria
6358:Cyrillic
6326:Yukaghir
6233:Karelian
6147:Ossetian
5900:Category
5778:Nobility
5738:Internet
5733:Heraldry
5728:Graffiti
5713:Folklore
5656:Armorial
5586:Religion
5571:Polygamy
5510:HIV/AIDS
5490:Funerals
5480:Feminism
5450:Deafness
5435:Citizens
5425:Cannabis
5410:Abortion
5354:Taxation
5294:Gambling
5284:Forestry
5133:Military
4966:Politics
4947:Wildlife
4893:Caucasus
4856:Glaciers
4736:Military
4721:Internet
4699:By topic
4593:Vladimir
4588:Novgorod
4542:Timeline
4467:Archived
4426:, 2015.
4309:16 March
4224:16 March
4199:16 March
4178:16 March
4153:16 March
4128:16 March
4103:16 March
4078:16 March
4053:16 March
4028:16 March
4003:28 March
3977:16 March
3952:16 March
3879:16 March
3855:16 March
3827:16 March
3802:16 March
3708:16 March
3683:16 March
3658:16 March
3633:28 March
3623:"Buryat"
3607:16 March
3582:28 March
3536:16 March
3511:16 March
3486:28 March
3460:16 March
3435:28 March
3426:"Adyghe"
3410:16 March
3378:28 March
3352:28 March
3303:11 March
3277:11 March
3250:11 March
3223:11 March
3218:The Hill
3197:11 March
3171:11 March
3145:16 March
2880:9 August
2721:13 March
2639:22 April
2585:See also
2530:1,070.5
2368:English
2121:Georgian
2103:Sign at
2079:(30–150)
1918:Romanian
1908:Georgian
1848:Armenian
1790:and the
1755:and the
1731:Karelian
1664:and the
1658:Udmurtia
1629:Vepsian
1625:Karelian
1543:Dagestan
1538:Dagestan
1425:Udmurtia
1318:Ossetian
1306:Dagestan
1266:Mordovia
1134:Karelian
1082:Kalmykia
1070:Mongolic
986:Mordovia
897:Dagestan
885:Chechnya
857:Buryatia
844:Mongolic
765:Dagestan
671:Language
565:Chechnya
363:Painting
341:Internet
275:Religion
270:Holidays
250:Folklore
240:Russians
207:a series
205:Part of
110:Tungusic
106:Mongolic
80:Minority
58:Official
7133:Vietnam
7048:Myanmar
7028:Lebanon
6958:Georgia
6913:Bahrain
6903:Armenia
6711:England
6701:Ukraine
6651:Romania
6611:Moldova
6569:Ireland
6564:Iceland
6559:Hungary
6549:Germany
6544:Georgia
6534:Finland
6529:Estonia
6524:Denmark
6509:Croatia
6494:Belgium
6489:Belarus
6479:Austria
6474:Armenia
6469:Andorra
6464:Albania
6351:Scripts
6228:Finnish
6208:Chukchi
6177:Tsakhur
6121:Mordvin
6040:Chuvash
6035:Chechen
6025:Bashkir
5961:Russian
5891:Outline
5703:Fashion
5693:Fashion
5681:Cuisine
5643:Culture
5631:in army
5616:Wedding
5611:Suicide
5606:Smoking
5591:Slavery
5566:Orphans
5539:Illegal
5415:Alcohol
5398:Society
5364:Tourism
5244:Banking
5222:Economy
5067:Prisons
4915:Siberia
4871:Islands
4851:Geology
4787:Climate
4777:Borders
4741:Outline
4716:Judaism
4706:Economy
4533:History
3368:"Abaza"
2567:Italian
2551:Chinese
2543:Spanish
2519:English
2477:History
2426:English
2406:French
2387:German
2306:<1%
2303:Chinese
2298:<1%
2279:Spanish
2263:English
2198:English
2168:Turkish
2144:English
2085:(10–50)
2055:(25–30)
2053:Tofalar
2043:(30–82)
2036:Negidal
2031:Ingrian
1975:updated
1946:Serbian
1810:Karelia
1799:in the
1782:in the
1773:in the
1764:in the
1751:in the
1735:Karelia
1726:Karelia
1722:Finnish
1686:Chukchi
1679:in the
1650:Mari El
1633:Finnish
1617:Karelia
1607:Chechen
1603:Russian
1599:Tsakhur
1579:Lezgian
1563:Chechen
1547:Russian
1527:Ukraine
1507:Russian
1327:Iranian
1238:Mari El
1150:Karelia
1138:Uralic
909:Chuvash
869:Chechen
807:Bashkir
683:Source
646:Russian
624:to the
609:In the
603:Chuvash
587:Izhevsk
541:Mari El
485:History
471:Russian
386:Symbols
373:Theatre
311:Cuisine
255:History
232:Society
157:Turkish
131:English
122:Foreign
63:Russian
49:Finnish
7178:Taiwan
7113:Turkey
7078:Russia
7013:Kuwait
6993:Jordan
6983:Israel
6943:Cyprus
6928:Brunei
6923:Bhutan
6814:Jersey
6756:Kosovo
6696:Turkey
6686:Sweden
6666:Serbia
6656:Russia
6641:Poland
6636:Norway
6616:Monaco
6586:Latvia
6554:Greece
6539:France
6514:Cyprus
6316:Selkup
6311:Nenets
6243:Khanty
6238:Kazakh
6223:Evenki
6213:Dolgan
6187:Udmurt
6134:Moksha
6113:Meadow
6095:Lezgin
6075:Khakas
6065:Kalmyk
6055:Ingush
6050:Dargwa
6030:Buryat
5984:Adyghe
5905:Portal
5860:Sports
5788:Anthem
5676:Cinema
5671:Ballet
5581:Racism
5544:Labour
5500:Health
5465:Doping
5319:Ruble
5304:Mining
5274:Energy
4937:Rivers
4846:Fjords
4746:Postal
4598:Moscow
4524:Russia
4340:11 May
3993:"Mari"
3745:
3476:"Avar"
3139:RFE/RL
3119:5 July
2697:10 May
2670:10 May
2608:, the
2575:Others
2559:Arabic
2538:297.8
2535:French
2527:German
2311:Others
2295:French
2271:German
2206:German
2176:Others
2160:French
2152:German
2117:Hebrew
2113:Polish
1888:Kyrgyz
1868:Kazakh
1797:Selkup
1786:, the
1780:Nenets
1749:Khanty
1740:Kazakh
1713:Evenki
1695:Dolgan
1677:Buryat
1567:Dargwa
1482:
1473:Turkic
1454:
1443:Slavic
1422:
1413:Uralic
1409:Udmurt
1394:
1385:Turkic
1366:
1357:Turkic
1338:
1303:
1291:
1282:Turkic
1263:
1254:Uralic
1250:Moksha
1235:
1226:Uralic
1203:
1194:Uralic
1175:
1166:Turkic
1162:Khakas
1147:
1119:
1107:
1098:Turkic
1079:
1066:Kalmyk
1051:
1039:
1011:
998:Ingush
983:
973:Uralic
950:
941:Turkic
922:
913:Turkic
894:
882:
854:
839:Buryat
820:
811:Turkic
792:
782:Turkic
762:
735:Adygea
732:
719:Adyghe
704:
654:Russia
576:Udmurt
567:, and
559:, the
557:Kumyks
555:, the
551:, the
404:Anthem
368:Sports
306:Cinema
288:Topics
209:on the
170:Signed
155:&
153:French
137:German
102:Turkic
98:Uralic
45:Vyborg
7219:Macau
7138:Yemen
7098:Syria
7073:Qatar
7053:Nepal
6988:Japan
6963:India
6953:Egypt
6938:China
6789:Åland
6726:Wales
6681:Spain
6606:Malta
6576:Italy
6276:Mansi
6182:Tuvan
6172:Tatar
6152:Rutul
6142:Nogai
6127:Erzya
6085:Kumyk
5994:Altai
5989:Aghul
5979:Abaza
5810:Opera
5763:Music
5626:Women
5527:LGBTQ
5445:Crime
5379:Waste
4898:Urals
4876:Lakes
4431:JSTOR
4334:(XLS)
3743:S2CID
3325:(PDF)
2578:21.7
2554:14.9
2546:20.1
2125:Tatar
2089:Yupik
2065:Votic
2061:(100)
2059:Udege
2025:Enets
2006:Aleut
2002:Kerek
1898:Tajik
1878:Uzbek
1820:Sakha
1771:Mansi
1744:Altai
1717:Sakha
1708:Sakha
1699:Sakha
1690:Sakha
1611:Nogai
1587:Rutul
1583:Nogai
1571:Kumyk
1551:Aghul
1485:Sakha
1469:Yakut
1381:Tuvan
1353:Tatar
1278:Nogai
968:Erzya
777:Altai
689:Abaza
561:Avars
358:Music
346:Radio
331:Media
316:Dance
139:(16%)
7058:Oman
7023:Laos
6978:Iraq
6973:Iran
6321:Veps
6218:Even
6106:Hill
6100:Mari
6080:Komi
6015:Avar
5798:Flag
5686:Wine
5666:Arts
4731:LGBT
4615:Army
4403:2020
4342:2015
4311:2023
4286:2009
4226:2023
4201:2023
4180:2023
4155:2023
4130:2023
4105:2023
4080:2023
4055:2023
4030:2023
4005:2022
3979:2023
3954:2023
3911:2023
3881:2023
3857:2023
3829:2023
3804:2023
3776:2014
3710:2023
3685:2023
3660:2023
3635:2022
3609:2023
3584:2022
3538:2023
3513:2023
3488:2022
3462:2023
3437:2022
3412:2023
3380:2022
3354:2022
3305:2020
3279:2020
3252:2020
3225:2020
3199:2020
3173:2020
3147:2023
3121:2022
3094:2019
3068:2019
2882:2018
2745:2022
2723:2024
2699:2015
2672:2015
2641:2015
2570:2.9
2562:3.4
2454:20%
2446:30%
2330:70%
2322:13%
2266:11%
2233:29%
2225:10%
2217:19%
2209:15%
2201:44%
2155:16%
2147:80%
2041:Orok
2027:(70)
2016:and
1912:102
1902:177
1892:247
1882:245
1872:472
1862:515
1852:830
1814:The
1806:Veps
1704:Even
1643:The
1631:and
1609:and
1597:and
1555:Avar
1397:Tuva
747:Avar
599:Mari
394:Flag
159:(3%)
145:(9%)
112:and
7190:and
6167:Tat
6090:Lak
5058:Law
4486:."
3733:doi
2470:3%
2462:7%
2382:14
2374:30
2371:16
2314:2%
2290:1%
2282:2%
2274:2%
2179:9%
2171:2%
2163:4%
2071:Ket
2049:(2)
1922:90
1818:in
1808:in
1742:in
1733:in
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