55:
544:, with an implicit understanding of an alliance against Northern Liang, but no actual joint military action was ever taken. Later that year, Juqu Mengxun made an attack on Jiuquan, and Li Gao suffered a defeat to Juqu Mengxun near Jiuquan and was forced to return to the city to defend it against a siege, but Juqu Mengxun, not having enough strength to siege it, withdrew.
452:). When Meng died in 400, the officials of Dunhuang Commandery, because Li Gao was popular with the people, asked him to take over. Initially, Li Gao was hesitant, but Song advised him to accept, stating to him that a pony with a white forehead had just recently been born. Li Gao therefore accepted and requested confirmation from Duan Ye, and Duan Ye agreed.
533:, requesting to be a vassal. He also moved his capital from Dunhuang to Jiuquan, closer to the Northern Liang capital Zhangye, to put additional pressure on Northern Liang. He also wrote a letter to all of his sons, which is still extant, encouraging them to be open-minded and think logically, and be mild in temperament.
461:), a friend of Li Gao's, warned Duan Ye of Li Gao's ambitions and advised Duan Ye not to allow Li Gao to remain in control of Dunhuang. Duan Ye therefore sent Suo Si to take over Li Gao's post. Li Gao, in fear, initially was going to receive Suo and turn over authorities to him. At the urging of Song and Zhang Miao (
508:
that year, this caused Juqu
Mengxun (who had killed Duan Ye earlier that year and taken over as the ruler of Northern Liang) to consider surrendering his state to Later Qin, although Juqu Mengxun later decided against it and continued his state's existence. In light of Later Qin's advances, however,
591:
In 417, Li Gao grew ill, and he entrusted Li Xin to his brother Song Yao, stating, "After I die, the heir apparent is your son. Please discipline him accordingly." He then died, and Li Xin succeeded him as duke. Although Li Gao only claimed a ducal title, he was posthumously honored as a prince.
572:
In 411, Juqu
Mengxun, despite the prior peace agreement, made a surprise attack on Western Liang. Li Gao guarded his capital and refused to engage Juqu Mengxun, who was then forced to withdraw when his army ran out of food supply. Li Gao then sent Li Xin to attack the Northern Liang troops in
588:) suggested that he attack Northern Liang. Li Gao summoned Suo and explained to him that he had insufficient strength to do so—and that Suo, if he actually had usable plans, should offer them rather than simply suggesting an attack. In fear and shame, Suo withdrew from his presence.
416:
known for his magical and prophetic abilities. Guo once told Song, "Your place will be among the most honored of all subjects, but Mr. Li will one day found an independent state. This will happen when a mare bears a pony with a white forehead."
475:). Li Gao, angry at what he saw as Suo's betrayal, then sent messengers to Duan Ye demanding that he execute Suo. Juqu Nancheng, who also disliked Suo, advised Duan Ye to execute Suo to pacify Li, and Duan Ye did so.
484:) declared a general secession by the six commanderies around Dunhuang and offered the rulership to Li Gao. Li Gao accepted and took the title of Duke of Liang, thus establishing Western Liang.
467:), however, Li Gao first sent messengers to flatter Suo, and instead made a surprise against Suo, defeating him and forcing him to flee back to the Northern Liang capital Zhangye (張掖, in modern
2102:
552:
In 408, not having received response from Jin when he sent messengers in 405, Li Gao sent another messenger with his petition to the Jin capital
Jiankang (建康, modern
328:'s rule and established his own independent dynasty. While his state only lasted for 21 years, his descendants would remain key officials and nobles throughout the
1770:
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1754:
1748:
1743:
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854:
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394:). In Li Gao's youth, he was known to be studious, rational, and open-minded. When he grew older, he also studied the military strategies of
1790:
2098:
563:
In 410, Juqu
Mengxun attacked Western Liang again and defeated Li Gao's heir apparent Li Xin in battle, capturing the general Zhu Yuanhu (
320:
period. While he claimed only the title of duke during his reign, he was posthumously honored with the princely title. He was initially a
1760:
385:
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In 405, Li Gao claimed additional honorific titles, and at the same time, while not renouncing Later Qin, also sent messengers to
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in 397, Li Gao became a county magistrate under Duan Ye's governor of
Dunhuang Commandery (roughly modern
2141:
569:). Li Gao ransomed Zhu with silver and gold, and Juqu Mengxun returned Zhu and made peace with Li Gao.
2161:
492:
Li Gao set his capital at
Dunhuang. In 401, the important Northern Liang city Jiuquan (酒泉, in modern
176:
384:. After Li Chang's death, Li Gao's mother married a man named Song, and they had at least one son,
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retreat, and Li Xin had a major victory over Juqu
Mengxun, capturing his general Juqu Bainian (
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2018:
1339:
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8:
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Li Gao was born in 351, and was a posthumous child of his father Li Chang (
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official, but in 400, he seceded from
Northern Liang's prince
1344:
1069:
497:
472:
443:
399:
395:
352:
in 618. He was posthumously honored by the Tang dynasty as
365:
509:
Li Gao nominally submitted to Later Qin as a vassal.
175:
Grand
Commander, Grand General, Colonel to Guard the
1049:
610:) (d. 350 or 351), posthumously honored as Duke Jian
536:In 406, Li Gao entered into a peace agreement with
2113:
855:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
522:) died, and he created Li Tan's younger brother
500:) defected to him, and particularly in light of
424:, with support from the generals Juqu Nancheng (
650:), the Heir Apparent (created 404), later duke
434:, broke away from Later Liang and established
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478:Later in 400, Li Gao's subordinate Tang Yao (
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403:
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303:
289:
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582:In 416, Li Gao's subordinate Suo Chengming (
1042:
1028:
53:
769:
767:
187:, Duke of Liang (大都督 大將軍 護羌校尉 領秦涼二州牧 涼公)
595:
2122:Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) dukes
2114:
790:
788:
764:
748:
366:Prior to Western Liang's establishment
1023:
455:However, Duan Ye's official Suo Si (
806:
785:
13:
376:), who traced his ancestry to the
14:
2173:
910:Prince Wuzhao of (Western) Liang
999:Reason for succession failure:
487:
300:Prince Wuzhao of Western Liang
39:Prince Wuzhao of Western Liang
1:
2067:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
741:
638:), the Heir Apparent (d. 404)
547:
2147:Jin dynasty (266–420) people
344:dynasties, and one of them,
7:
10:
2178:
659:), Marquess Mu of Xinxiang
526:as the new heir apparent.
420:After Lü Guang's official
202:(honored by Western Liang)
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2016:
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1911:
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618:First wife, name unknown
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112:Jianshi Mausoleum (建世陵)
2137:Northern Liang people
2001:Western Shu (405–413)
984:— TITULAR —
950:Duke of Western Liang
314:Western Liang dynasty
294:), also known by his
163:Jiànchū (建初): 406–417
728:) (d. 437), wife of
596:Personal information
412:'s founding emperor
308:), was the founding
161:Gēngzǐ (庚子): 400–405
2157:Generals from Gansu
199:Prince Wǔzhāo (武昭王)
2142:Later Qin generals
1985:Huan Chu (403–404)
1820:Son of Tuoba Pugen
968:Titles in pretence
624:, mother of Li Xin
348:, would found the
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1896:Duan Qi (350–356)
1857:
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986:
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512:In 404, Li Gao's
408:), a minister of
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514:heir apparent
510:
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445:
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338:Northern Zhou
335:
331:
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315:
311:
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297:
287:
277:
274:
273:courtesy name
266:
262:
258:
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249:Western Liang
247:
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60:
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51:
48:
47:Duke of Liang
44:
37:
33:Duke of Liang
29:
28:
23:
19:
2152:Tang dynasty
2055:N. Dynasties
2051:S. Dynasties
1947:Murong Zhong
1927:Murong Chong
1853:Tuoba Yihuai
1840:Tuoba Yihuai
1786:Yang Nandang
1781:Yang Baozong
1681:Northern Yan
1666:Helian Chang
1631:
1599:Southern Yan
1570:Juqu Mengxun
1471:Qifu Qiangui
1408:Murong Sheng
1392:Murong Xiang
1301:Murong Huang
1226:Zhang Tianxi
1175:Former Liang
989:
988:
983:
948:
944:New creation
943:
927:
920:
913:
865:
853:
841:
829:
812:
808:
794:
773:
754:
750:
732:, prince of
590:
581:
571:
562:
551:
535:
528:
511:
491:
477:
454:
432:Juqu Mengxun
419:
369:
353:
350:Tang dynasty
330:Northern Wei
299:
285:
284:), nickname
275:
271:; 351–417),
260:
256:
255:
177:Qiang people
46:
25:
18:Chinese name
2047:16 Kingdoms
1952:Murong Yong
1922:Murong Hong
1913:Western Yan
1856:(2nd reign)
1848:(2nd reign)
1815:Tuoba Pugen
1791:Yang Baochi
1719:Yang Maosou
1671:Helian Ding
1661:Helian Bobo
1613:Murong Chao
1588:Juqu Anzhou
1575:Juqu Mujian
1541:Tufa Lilugu
1491:Later Liang
1476:Qifu Chipan
1466:Qifu Guoren
1457:Western Qin
1381:Murong Chui
915:House of Li
843:Book of Wei
831:Book of Jin
814:Book of Jin
796:Book of Jin
730:Juqu Mujian
720:Li Jingshou
506:Later Liang
488:Early reign
410:Later Liang
378:Han dynasty
334:Western Wei
316:during the
216:Temple name
169:Regnal name
131:Family name
22:family name
2132:417 deaths
2127:351 births
2116:Categories
2039:3 Kingdoms
1942:Murong Yao
1845:Tuoba Hena
1835:Tuoba Hena
1830:Tuoba Heru
1825:Tuoba Yulü
1810:Tuoba Yilu
1771:Yang Sheng
1724:Yang Nandi
1581:Juqu Wuhui
1546:Tufa Rutan
1418:Murong Yun
1397:Murong Lin
1386:Murong Bao
1321:Former Qin
1311:Murong Wei
1306:Murong Jun
1292:Former Yan
1236:Later Zhao
742:References
710:Li Liang (
604:Li Chang (
548:Late reign
542:Tufa Rutan
540:'s prince
286:Changsheng
222:Tàizǔ (太祖)
143:Given name
2008:Qiao Zong
1992:Huan Xuan
1976:Zhai Zhao
1971:Zhai Liao
1964:(388–392)
1937:Murong Yi
1915:(384–394)
1873:(350–352)
1803:(310–376)
1776:Yang Xuan
1766:Yang Ding
1761:Yang Cuan
1755:Yang Tong
1712:(296–443)
1700:Feng Hong
1683:(407–436)
1654:(407–431)
1625:(400–421)
1608:Murong De
1601:(398–410)
1558:(397–460)
1536:Tufa Wugu
1529:(397–414)
1493:(386–403)
1481:Qifu Mumo
1459:(385–431)
1437:Yao Chang
1430:(384–417)
1428:Later Qin
1413:Murong Xi
1374:(384–409)
1372:Later Yan
1356:Dou Chong
1323:(351–394)
1294:(337–370)
1238:(319–351)
1216:Zhang Zuo
1201:Zhang Jun
1196:Zhang Mao
1191:Zhang Shi
1185:Zhang Gui
1177:(318–376)
1122:(304–329)
1062:(304–347)
1060:Cheng-Han
701:Li Tiao (
692:Li Hong (
653:Li Rang (
629:Children
502:Later Qin
276:Xuansheng
156:Era dates
122:Full name
78:Successor
62:Ruler of
1962:Zhai Wei
1932:Duan Sui
1903:Duan Kan
1749:Yang Shi
1744:Yang Jun
1739:Yang Guo
1734:Yang Chu
1500:Lü Guang
1447:Yao Hong
1442:Yao Xing
1362:Fu Chong
1335:Fu Sheng
1281:Liu Xian
1270:Shi Jian
1250:Shi Hong
1152:Jin Zhun
1141:Liu Cong
1129:Liu Yuan
1120:Han-Zhao
1083:Li Xiong
954:400–417
870:, vols.
780:vol. 118
759:vol. 111
674:Li Fan (
632:Li Tan (
622:Lady Yin
516:Li Tan (
440:Dunhuang
414:Lü Guang
386:Song Yao
382:Li Guang
380:general
16:In this
1886:Ran Zhi
1880:Ran Min
1871:Ran Wei
1729:Yang Yi
1710:Chouchi
1695:Feng Ba
1690:Gao Yun
1565:Duan Ye
1517:Lü Long
1512:Lü Zuan
1506:Lü Shao
1402:Lan Han
1350:Fu Deng
1340:Fu Jiān
1330:Fu Jiàn
1275:Shi Zhi
1265:Shi Zun
1260:Shi Shi
1158:Liu Yao
1146:Liu Can
1109:Fan Ben
1098:Li Shou
996:400–417
977:Duan Ye
848:vol. 99
836:vol. 87
819:vol. 96
801:vol. 87
683:Li Yu (
601:Father
558:Jiangsu
554:Nanjing
494:Jiuquan
469:Zhangye
422:Duan Ye
346:Li Yuan
326:Duan Ye
298:as the
265:Chinese
244:Dynasty
147:Gǎo (暠)
73:400–417
2079:W. Xia
1642:Li Xun
1637:Li Xin
1632:Li Gao
1255:Shi Hu
1245:Shi Le
1164:Liu Xi
1135:Liu He
1103:Li Shi
1088:Li Ban
1077:Li Liu
1012:Li Xin
960:Li Xin
926:
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663:Li Xun
642:Li Xin
615:Wives
524:Li Xin
430:) and
340:, and
267::
261:Li Hao
257:Li Gao
183:&
108:Burial
82:Li Xin
20:, the
2023:Shang
1345:Fu Pi
1093:Li Qi
1070:Li Te
928:Died:
921:Born:
498:Gansu
473:Gansu
444:Gansu
400:Wu Qi
396:Sunzi
305:西涼武昭王
232:House
70:Reign
41:西涼武昭王
2095:Qing
2091:Ming
2087:Yuan
2075:Song
2071:Liao
2063:Tang
2027:Zhou
576:沮渠百年
427:沮渠男成
398:and
359:興聖皇帝
310:duke
100:Died
92:Born
2103:PRC
2099:ROC
2083:Jīn
2059:Sui
2043:Jìn
2035:Han
2031:Qin
2019:Xia
1801:Dai
1652:Xia
930:417
923:351
900:118
896:117
892:116
888:115
884:114
880:113
876:112
872:111
725:李敬受
585:索承明
579:).
566:朱元虎
560:).
531:Jin
362:).
342:Sui
259:or
181:Qin
138:(李)
103:417
95:351
24:is
2118::
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2029:→
2025:→
2021:→
898:,
894:,
890:,
886:,
882:,
878:,
874:,
858:,
846:,
834:,
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787:^
778:,
766:^
757:,
713:李亮
704:李眺
695:李宏
686:李預
677:李翻
668:李恂
656:李讓
647:李歆
635:李譚
607:李昶
556:,
519:李譚
496:,
481:唐瑤
471:,
464:張邈
458:索嗣
449:孟敏
442:,
405:郭黁
391:宋繇
373:李昶
336:,
332:,
291:長生
281:玄盛
269:李暠
237:Li
145::
136:Lǐ
133::
27:Li
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