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290:
158:
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2016:
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2306:
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2176:
2216:
2196:
2816:
189:; however, the "Saint Patrick's Cross" used in the Friendly Brothers' badge was not a saltire. A 1783 letter to a Dublin newspaper criticising the Order's use of a saltire, asserted that "The Cross generally used on St Patrick's day, by Irishmen, is the Cross-Patee". Whereas Vincent Morley in 1999 characterised the Friendly Brothers' cross as a cross pattée, the Brothers' medallist in 2003 said that the shape varied somewhat, often approximating a
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2006:
1986:
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61:
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1861:
1708:
1574:
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1931:
1526:
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411:(1608) concludes its fanciful account of St Patrick with, "the Irishmen as well in England as in that Country, do as yet in Honour of his Name, keep one day in the Year Festival, wearing upon their Hats each of them a Cross of red Silk, in Token of his many Adventures, under the Christian Cross". Irish soldiers stationed in Britain in 1628 reportedly wore red crosses on Patrick's Day "after their country manner".
2504:
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2266:
1996:
1946:
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363:
1666:
1604:
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1310:
I put on the plate a form (fig. 4) that I have often seen. Some thirty years ago it was very generally used in the South of
Ireland on the 17th of March, and called "St. Patrick's Cross;" it was cut out of paper, and pinned to the cap of boys and on the right shoulder of girls. Many times have I seen
426:
was so full of crosses that I thought all the world was Irish". The crosses were also associated with Irish regiments, who were reported in 1682 to have been seen wearing crosses of red ribbon on St
Patrick's Day; and with the English court, who were said to have worn crosses in honour of St Patrick
68:
It is popularly believed that St. Patrick introduced the Celtic Cross in
Ireland, during his conversion of the provincial kings from paganism to Christianity. St Patrick is said to have taken the symbol of the sun and extended one of the lengths to form a melding of the Christian Cross and the sun.
427:
on the saint's day in 1726. In the 1740s, the badges pinned were multicoloured interlaced fabric. In the 1820s, they were only worn by children, with simple multicoloured daisy patterns. In the 1890s, they were almost extinct, and a simple green
1311:
a small cut branch of a tree doing duty for a pair of compasses to strike out the form, which was about four inches in diameter, and proud was the boy who possessed a box of paints, enabling him to fill in the forms.
437:
in 1935 reported they were still sold in poorer parts of Dublin, but fewer than those of previous years "some in velvet or embroidered silk or poplin, with the gold paper cross entwined with shamrocks and ribbons".
281:'s time". The flag used by the King's Own Regiment in the Kingdom of Ireland, established in 1653, was a red saltire on a "taffey" yellow background. The origins of the regimental colours remain a mystery however.
1177:
The renowned history of the seven champions of
Christendom; St. George of England, St. Denis of France, St. James of Spain, St. Anthony of Italy, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ireland, and St. David of
244:
arms for the purpose. Gough suggests it gained currency in subsequent decades; it was called
Patrick's Cross and shown alongside those of George and Andrew in various documents, including a 1697 drawing of
1175:
Johnson, Richard (1740). "Of the Praise-worthy Death of St. Patrick ; how he buried himself : And for what Cause the
Irishmen to this Day, do wear their Red Cross upon St. Patrick's Day.".
2913:
180:
548:
414:
Thomas Dinely, an
English traveller in Ireland in 1681, remarked that "the Irish of all stations and condicõns were crosses in their hatts, some of pins, some of green ribbon."
137:
called "Teague and Sawney: or The
Unfortunate Success of a Dear-Joys Devotion by St. Patrick's Cross. Being Transform'd into the Deel's Whirlegig." It describes an Irishman (
656:
461:
The badge of the
Companions of Saint Patrick, a nonpartisan but mainly unionist group of Dublin civic leaders active from 1906 until the 1930s, featured a red
374:, adopted in 1970, include an image of "St Patrick's cross" carved on a rock in Leigue cemetery, said to date from Patrick's visit there in AD 441.
3049:
1378:
985:
864:
1215:
844:
1079:
40:
has also been linked to him. Some authors have stated, however, that
Patrick is not entitled to have a cross as a symbol since he was not a
1421:
116:
1200:
605:
119:. A saltire was intermittently used as a symbol of Ireland from the seventeenth century, but without reference to Saint Patrick.
1106:
1362:
1089:
1022:
773:
691:
576:
3054:
3117:
1144:
241:
1275:
1257:
995:
491:
398:. Surviving examples of such badges come in a variety of colours and they were worn upright rather than as saltires.
319:, "the true St. Patrick's Cross was carried as a square flag: a white cross on a green ground, with a red circle."
229:
1414:
947:
a special correspondent (1 Jul 1935). "The city of the Confederation: the great moment in Kilkenny's history".
407:
402:
898:
3127:
2481:
2269:
632:
344:
305:
1617:
1289:
661:
195:
860:
262:
236:'s funeral the national banners had crosses, Ireland's being a red cross on a gold field. Gough guesses
2229:
1904:
1407:
475:
336:
86:
37:
3122:
2049:
1227:
723:
2333:
2129:
1739:
1430:
788:
2563:
2619:
2597:
2199:
1479:
479:
331:
called "Saint Patrick's cross" existed at places with legendary associations with the saint: the
225:
193:. Varying illustrations of the badge figure in the Brothers' 1763 statute book, a 1786 letter to
149:
for the first time and arguing over whether it is Saint Andrew's Cross or Saint Patrick's Cross.
168:
3112:
3107:
2958:
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2139:
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246:
96:
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2629:
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2009:
1689:
1056:
1012:
681:
447:
1685:
2431:
2319:
2309:
2239:
2209:
1854:
1489:
1148:
382:
371:
2553:
8:
3074:
2698:
2299:
2219:
2179:
2169:
1613:
1587:
1290:"Description of Antiquities under the Conservation of the Board of Public Works, Ireland"
1278:, pp.7-9 collected and ed., with intr. and notes, By Thomas Crofton Croker Published 1839
813:
792:
395:
348:
316:
2639:
2577:
1807:
1379:"Lot 158: Circa 1935 Companions of Saint Patrick and 1936 Edward VIII Empire Day medals"
359:, marking the spot where he supposedly preached before starting his mission to Ireland.
2760:
2693:
2451:
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1469:
958:
929:
100:
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1755:
2979:
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2917:
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2411:
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1597:
1567:
1358:
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1114:
1085:
1018:
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455:
41:
2165:
3045:
2825:
2649:
2487:
1924:
1607:
1449:
921:
599:
549:"The History and Symbolism of the Celtic Cross – Irish Fireside Travel and Culture"
423:
274:
185:
127:
108:
60:
2285:
2097:
2755:
2567:
2471:
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1939:
1894:
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104:
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2235:
2149:
2101:
1959:
1864:
1711:
1679:
1563:
1499:
1459:
1191:
Colgan, Nathaniel (1896). "The Shamrock in Literature: a critical chronology".
1037:
419:
415:
352:
332:
301:
3009:
1850:
304:
made unrealised plans for a "military order of Saint Patrick" to fight in the
179:
Some of the Order of St Patrick's symbols were borrowed from the pre-existing
3101:
2782:
2735:
2659:
2587:
2527:
2279:
2115:
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2029:
1999:
1934:
1824:
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1669:
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1475:
1050:
270:
237:
190:
123:
21:
3025:
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1465:
77:
2839:
2777:
2750:
2725:
2720:
2703:
2645:
2543:
2517:
2441:
2119:
2091:
2057:
1979:
1969:
1949:
1771:
1759:
1749:
1735:
1659:
1637:
1627:
1553:
1485:
627:
518:
462:
394:
It was formerly a common custom to wear a cross made of paper or ribbon on
386:
Traditional St. Patrick's Day badges from the early 20th century, from the
366:
Ballina crest, including stylised Patrick's Cross carving between two pikes
309:
294:
277:
in 1914 adopted a similar banner because "it was used as the Irish flag in
49:
45:
33:
25:
3035:
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1820:
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2019:
1914:
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428:
172:
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1955:
1675:
1649:
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1633:
1593:
933:
431:
inscribed in a circle of paper (similar to the Ballina crest pictured).
289:
157:
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2573:
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1811:
1777:
1583:
1535:
1151:, St Patrick's Cross, a salmon and a ship depicting commerce and trade.
714:
328:
112:
3015:
2937:
2665:
2593:
2215:
2195:
2175:
2087:
2067:
1965:
1767:
1717:
1623:
1455:
912:
Walsh, Micheline (1979). "The Military Order of Saint Patrick, 1593".
683:
Discovering Friendly and Fraternal Societies: Their Badges and Regalia
3019:
2975:
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2507:
2437:
2379:
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2015:
1910:
1840:
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1505:
925:
914:
Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society
356:
2845:
2389:
2035:
2005:
1985:
764:
Hanks, Patrick; Hardcastle, Kate; Hodges, Flavia (2006). "Patrick".
3029:
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2325:
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1920:
1701:
568:
The most illustrious order: the Order of St Patrick and its knights
261:
by the Irish Nation were "a red Cross in a yellow Field". In 1688,
258:
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146:
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791:), but this may actually represent a Latinized form of some lost
451:
92:
29:
2655:
2523:
1930:
1787:
1665:
1525:
1351:"6. A Southern Unionist Businessman: Adam Findlater (1855–1911)"
362:
2503:
2447:
2421:
1995:
1945:
1870:
1791:
1655:
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has officially approved a design of two pikes representing the
142:
20:, both designs and physical objects, have been associated with
2873:
1603:
1515:
842:
2943:
2467:
355:. Until the 18th century there was a "St Patrick's Cross" in
17:
1355:
Findlaters: the story of a Dublin merchant family, 1774–2001
36:
has been associated with him, but in more recent times, the
2903:
2877:
2772:
1545:
1495:
138:
2923:
1399:
1014:
Lough Derg and Its Pilgrimages: with map and illustrations
2856:
2853:
869:. Chester. An Alphabeticall Table, s.v. "C"; Chap.5, p.2.
946:
1294:
Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1193:
Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
257:
account of heraldry states that the arms borne in the
763:
145:), both stereotypically blockheaded, encountering a
95:
on a white field. It is used in the insignia of the
920:(2). Armagh Diocesan Historical Society: 274–285.
3099:
3050:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
1059:. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company
812:Gough, Henry (1883). Marshall, George W. (ed.).
768:(online 2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
175:road sign showing the cross pattée, October 2009
983:
1107:"History Around You: Crests and Coats of Arms"
560:
558:
1415:
377:
1010:
807:
805:
803:
484:A history of Irish flags from earliest times
555:
474:
269:) "St. Patrick's Cross" "for Ireland". The
224:Henry Gough in 1893 noted that Ireland was
117:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1422:
1408:
846:Heraldry epitomiz'd and its reason essay'd
1348:
1332:"Irishman's Diary: The Patrick's Cross".
1271:
1269:
800:
673:
284:
1287:
987:Myths and Legends of Britain and Ireland
654:
564:
512:
510:
381:
361:
288:
167:
156:
76:
1201:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1174:
1161:
1159:
824:. London: George Bell and Sons: 129–131
606:University of California, Santa Barbara
3100:
1266:
1252:. Kilkenny: Boethius. pp. 49–50.
1247:
1190:
1048:
679:
622:
620:
618:
616:
516:
315:A 1935 article states that during the
1403:
1300:: 251, referencing plate facing p.249
1213:
1077:
911:
882:
859:
811:
517:Morley, Vincent (27 September 2007).
507:
422:" of Saint Patrick's Day 1713, said "
99:, established in 1783, and after the
3055:List of tallest crosses in the world
1156:
680:Dennis, Victoria Solt (2008-03-04).
604:English Broadside Ballad Archive at
1385:. Whyte's Auctions. 3 February 2018
1104:
789:the Roman senatorial or noble class
613:
532:
217:
13:
468:
59:
14:
3139:
1017:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 43.
686:. Osprey Publishing. p. 12.
91:Saint Patrick's Saltire is a red
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2214:
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2014:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
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1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
655:Nibblett, Stephen (April 1786).
450:, Patrick is depicted holding a
109:Saint Andrew's Cross of Scotland
1342:
1325:
1316:
1281:
1241:
1207:
1184:
1168:
1128:
1098:
1071:
1042:
1038:Saint Patrick's Cross Liverpool
1031:
1004:
977:
940:
905:
891:
873:
853:
836:
757:
300:In 1593–94, Irish Catholics in
181:Friendly Brothers of St Patrick
152:
105:Saint George's Cross of England
55:
1141:. 14 January 1970. p. 8.
707:
648:
592:
565:Galloway, Peter (March 1999).
541:
408:Seven Champions of Christendom
343:. and Station Island, site of
1:
1081:Catholic History of Liverpool
984:Jones, R; John Mason (2006).
628:"Ireland: St Patrick's Cross"
501:
308:, whose knights would wear a
131:
1288:Atkinson, George M. (1887).
1276:The popular songs of Ireland
990:. New Holland. p. 123.
322:
7:
1429:
1338:. 13 March 1935. p. 4.
849:. London: William Bromwich.
766:A Dictionary of First Names
571:. Unicorn. pp. 171–2.
476:Hayes-McCoy, Gerard Anthony
214:, the words are unrelated.
10:
3144:
3118:Christianity-related lists
1113:. Teachnet. Archived from
1011:O'Connor, Daniel (2009) .
669:(4): 297, fig.4 & 298.
378:Saint Patrick's Day badges
84:
72:
3063:
2865:
2791:
2676:
2351:
2340:
1437:
1084:. Read Books. p. 9.
843:Morgan, Silvanus (1679).
724:Oxford English Dictionary
486:. Dublin: Academy Press.
441:
345:Saint Patrick's Purgatory
230:flags of the Protectorate
199:, and a 2008 photograph.
103:it was combined with the
2850:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
1349:Findlater, Alex (2013).
1248:Nelson, Charles (1991).
1214:Swift, Jonathan (2008).
662:The Gentleman's Magazine
196:The Gentleman's Magazine
3075:Christianity portal
1078:Burke, Thomas (2008) .
465:on a white background.
265:explicitly calls this (
242:de Burgh Earl of Ulster
87:Saint Patrick's Saltire
38:Saint Patrick's Saltire
2888:Armenian eternity sign
1460:Anchored/Saint Clement
1383:The Eclectic Collector
1357:. A. & A. Farmar.
1224:University of Adelaide
1180:. London. p. 193.
1049:Hughes, James (1910).
899:"History Reconsidered"
391:
388:Museum of Country Life
367:
297:
285:Other heraldic designs
240:may have co-opted the
183:, including the motto
176:
165:
97:Order of Saint Patrick
82:
65:
3000:Shield of the Trinity
2082:Portate/Saint Gilbert
1057:Catholic Encyclopedia
866:The academy of armory
814:"St. Patrick's Cross"
519:"St. Patrick's Cross"
448:St. Patrick halfpenny
385:
365:
337:Ă“engus mac Nad FroĂch
292:
226:represented by a harp
171:
160:
80:
63:
32:. Traditionally, the
2773:Rood/Triumphal cross
2210:Saint James/Santiago
2160:Saltire/Saint Andrew
1835:Grapevine/Saint Nino
1135:"New coat of arms".
780:his name appears as
372:Ballina, County Mayo
335:, where he baptised
251:The Irish Compendium
81:Saint Patrick's Flag
3128:Crosses in heraldry
3040:Triskelion/Triskele
2482:Cuthbert's pectoral
1905:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
1895:Jerusalem/Crusaders
1322:Colgan, p.351, fn.2
1222:. eBooks@Adelaide.
787:(i.e. belonging to
600:"Teague and Sawney"
401:The second part of
1111:History Around You
1105:McMahon, Vincent.
969:has generic name (
888:Hayes-McCoy, p.200
879:Holme, Chap.5, p.2
741:and Middle French
737:< Anglo-Norman
633:Flags of the World
480:Pádraig Ó Snodaigh
392:
368:
298:
177:
166:
130:includes one from
101:Acts of Union 1800
83:
66:
3095:
3094:
3010:Sunwheel swastika
2393:Blanc croix rouge
1364:978-1-899047-69-7
1220:Journal to Stella
1165:Hayes-McCoy, p.40
1091:978-1-4086-4250-4
1024:978-1-103-18445-3
775:978-0-19-172667-5
693:978-0-7478-0628-8
578:978-0-906290-23-1
538:Hayes-McCoy, p.38
456:patriarchal cross
128:broadside ballads
126:'s collection of
3135:
3123:Lists of symbols
3085:
3084:
3073:
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3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
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2968:
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2586:
2576:
2566:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2516:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2480:
2470:
2462:Cross cramponnée
2460:
2450:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2346:
2345:
2328:
2320:Syriac (Western)
2318:
2310:Syriac (Eastern)
2308:
2298:
2290:Serbian Orthodox
2288:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2178:
2168:
2158:
2148:
2140:Russian Orthodox
2138:
2128:
2118:
2110:
2100:
2090:
2080:
2070:
2060:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1758:
1748:
1738:
1728:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1688:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1648:
1636:
1626:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1586:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1226:. Archived from
1211:
1205:
1204:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1008:
1002:
1001:
981:
975:
974:
968:
964:
962:
954:
944:
938:
937:
926:10.2307/29740927
909:
903:
902:
895:
889:
886:
880:
877:
871:
870:
857:
851:
850:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
809:
798:
797:
793:Celtic (British)
761:
755:
754:
745:... feminine of
734:
732:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
677:
671:
670:
652:
646:
645:
643:
641:
624:
611:
610:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
562:
553:
552:
545:
539:
536:
530:
529:
527:
525:
514:
497:
396:St Patrick's Day
275:Irish Volunteers
267:Or a Cross Gules
253:of 1722. A 1679
219:Or a Cross Gules
136:
133:
44:, unlike Saints
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:Arts portal
3079:
3067:
3059:
2861:
2787:
2672:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2010:Order of Christ
1802:Globus cruciger
1618:Catherine wheel
1433:
1428:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1347:
1343:
1335:The Irish Times
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1303:
1301:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1212:
1208:
1189:
1185:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1138:The Irish Times
1134:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1009:
1005:
998:
982:
978:
966:
965:
956:
955:
950:The Irish Times
945:
941:
910:
906:
897:
896:
892:
887:
883:
878:
874:
858:
854:
841:
837:
827:
825:
818:The Genealogist
810:
801:
776:
762:
758:
749:pawed ... <
730:
728:
713:
712:
708:
698:
696:
694:
678:
674:
653:
649:
639:
637:
626:
625:
614:
598:
597:
593:
583:
581:
579:
563:
556:
547:
546:
542:
537:
533:
523:
521:
515:
508:
504:
494:
471:
469:Further reading
444:
434:The Irish Times
403:Richard Johnson
380:
341:King of Munster
325:
306:Nine Years' War
287:
234:Oliver Cromwell
222:
186:Quis separabit?
155:
134:
89:
75:
58:
12:
11:
5:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2972:
2970:Solomon's knot
2962:
2950:
2940:
2930:
2920:
2910:
2900:
2890:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2788:
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2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
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2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
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2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2640:Teutonic Order
2632:
2622:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2580:
2570:
2560:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2510:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2452:Coptic (Early)
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1877:
1867:
1857:
1855:Greek Orthodox
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1742:
1732:
1722:
1714:
1712:Cruciform halo
1704:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1490:Archiepiscopal
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1363:
1341:
1324:
1315:
1280:
1265:
1258:
1240:
1206:
1183:
1167:
1155:
1127:
1097:
1090:
1070:
1041:
1030:
1023:
1003:
996:
976:
939:
904:
890:
881:
872:
852:
835:
799:
774:
756:
706:
692:
672:
647:
612:
591:
577:
554:
540:
531:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
492:
470:
467:
454:headed with a
443:
440:
418:, writing to "
416:Jonathan Swift
379:
376:
353:County Donegal
333:Rock of Cashel
324:
321:
302:Habsburg Spain
286:
283:
221:
216:
154:
151:
85:Main article:
74:
71:
57:
54:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3140:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Cross symbols
3111:
3109:
3108:Saint Patrick
3106:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2335:
2334:Saint Anthony
2331:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2230:Saint Patrick
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:Saint Florian
2187:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:In modern use
1436:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1384:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1259:0-86314-200-1
1255:
1251:
1244:
1230:on 2013-05-25
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:Urban Council
1140:
1139:
1131:
1117:on 2003-09-09
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1007:
999:
997:1-84537-594-7
993:
989:
988:
980:
972:
967:|author=
960:
952:
951:
943:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
900:
894:
885:
876:
868:
867:
862:
861:Holme, Randle
856:
848:
847:
839:
823:
819:
815:
808:
806:
804:
796:
794:
790:
786:
784:
777:
771:
767:
760:
753:
752:
748:
744:
743:patée, pattée
740:
726:
725:
720:
718:
710:
695:
689:
685:
684:
676:
668:
664:
663:
658:
651:
636:. 6 June 2012
635:
634:
629:
623:
621:
619:
617:
608:
607:
601:
595:
580:
574:
570:
569:
561:
559:
550:
544:
535:
520:
513:
511:
506:
495:
493:0-906187-01-X
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:
466:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
439:
436:
435:
430:
425:
421:
417:
412:
410:
409:
404:
399:
397:
389:
384:
375:
373:
364:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
320:
318:
317:Confederation
313:
311:
307:
303:
296:
291:
282:
280:
276:
272:
271:County Galway
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
238:Edward Bysshe
235:
231:
227:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
197:
192:
191:Maltese Cross
188:
187:
182:
174:
170:
164:
159:
150:
148:
144:
140:
129:
125:
124:Pepys Library
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
88:
79:
70:
62:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
22:Saint Patrick
19:
16:A variety of
2957:
2840:Signum manus
2793:Christograms
2761:Processional
2694:Conciliation
2620:Saint Julian
2432:Consecration
2270:Saint Thomas
2250:Saint Philip
2200:Saint George
1470:Anuradhapura
1387:. Retrieved
1382:
1368:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1302:. Retrieved
1297:
1293:
1283:
1249:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1219:
1209:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1170:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1110:
1100:
1080:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1051:
1044:
1033:
1013:
1006:
986:
979:
953:. p. 3.
948:
942:
917:
913:
907:
893:
884:
875:
865:
855:
845:
838:
826:. Retrieved
821:
817:
782:
781:
779:
765:
759:
750:
746:
742:
738:
736:
729:. Retrieved
722:
716:
709:
697:. Retrieved
682:
675:
666:
660:
650:
638:. Retrieved
631:
603:
594:
582:. Retrieved
567:
543:
534:
522:. Retrieved
483:
463:Celtic cross
460:
445:
432:
413:
406:
400:
393:
390:, Castlebar.
370:The arms of
369:
329:high crosses
326:
314:
310:cross moline
299:
295:cross moline
273:unit of the
266:
263:Randle Holme
250:
223:
218:
211:
207:
203:
202:Though both
201:
194:
184:
178:
163:cross pattée
153:Cross pattée
141:) and Scot (
121:
111:to form the
90:
67:
64:Celtic Cross
56:Celtic Cross
34:cross pattée
26:patron saint
15:
2980:Scientology
2820:IX monogram
2677:By function
2610:Saint Alban
2412:Carolingian
2300:Short Sword
2260:Saint Piran
2240:Saint Peter
2180:Saint David
2062:Patriarchal
1915:Latin/Roman
1740:Evangelists
1520:Balkenkreuz
1510:Arrow/Barby
1216:"Letter 61"
785:'patrician'
727:. June 2005
429:Greek cross
247:William III
210:begin with
173:Downpatrick
135: 1690
3102:Categories
2650:Two-barred
2352:Historical
2220:Saint John
2170:Saint Chad
2111:Resistance
1925:Macedonian
1814:'s variant
1812:Archbishop
1608:Canterbury
1480:Archangels
1234:2011-09-12
1149:'98 Rising
1121:2009-07-13
502:References
349:Lough Derg
113:Union Flag
2797:Chrismons
2756:Preaching
2598:Quarterly
2568:Nestorian
2508:Gammadion
2491:Engrailed
1730:Ethiopian
1578:Byzantine
1558:Bulgarian
1304:21 August
1052:Liverpool
959:cite news
783:Patricius
715:"pattée,
357:Liverpool
323:Monuments
232:, but at
3030:Swastika
2990:Shamrock
2918:Kolovrat
2908:Irminsul
2866:See also
2766:Lalibela
2746:Pectoral
2741:Necklace
2731:Memorial
2699:Heraldry
2689:Blessing
2548:Lorraine
2518:Jewelled
2364:Avellane
2102:Quadrate
1990:Novgorod
1960:Maronite
1885:Jeremiah
1865:Huguenot
1702:Crucifix
1680:Crosslet
1650:Cercelée
1598:Camargue
1568:Burgundy
1500:Armenian
1250:Shamrock
1143:Ballina
934:29740927
863:(1688).
828:29 March
731:18 April
699:18 April
657:"Letter"
640:18 April
584:18 April
478:(1979).
424:the Mall
327:Ancient
279:Cromwell
259:Crusades
255:pamphlet
147:windmill
107:and the
2938:Mjölnir
2928:Lauburu
2898:Ichthys
2830:Labarum
2810:Chi Rho
2783:Wayside
2736:Mission
2660:Victory
2630:Templar
2588:Pierced
2578:Peñalba
2538:Lazarus
2528:Katanga
2499:Erminée
2280:Serbian
2130:Russian
2050:Fitchée
2030:Patonce
2000:Occitan
1935:Maltese
1825:Gnostic
1782:Fourchy
1670:Cossack
1638:Variant
1588:Calvary
1540:Bottony
1530:Bolnisi
1450:Alcoraz
1431:Crosses
524:29 June
482:(ed.).
452:crozier
446:On the
312:badge.
249:, and
228:in the
208:Patrick
115:of the
93:saltire
73:Saltire
30:Ireland
18:crosses
2778:Summit
2751:Plague
2726:Mercat
2721:Market
2704:Nordic
2669:Voided
2442:Coptic
2422:Chouan
2402:Brigid
2120:Ringed
2092:Potent
2040:Pattée
1980:Nordic
1970:Moline
1950:Marian
1940:Marada
1792:Fylfot
1772:Forked
1760:Fitchy
1750:Fleury
1721:Double
1690:Fitchy
1660:Coptic
1628:Celtic
1549:Branch
1389:7 June
1370:7 June
1361:
1256:
1203:: 349.
1088:
1063:8 July
1021:
994:
932:
772:
690:
575:
490:
442:Others
420:Stella
204:pattée
143:Sawney
139:Teague
50:Andrew
46:George
42:martyr
24:, the
2709:Pisan
2684:Altar
2558:Neith
2472:Crown
2384:Black
2150:Salem
2072:Pommy
2020:Papal
1845:Greek
1178:Wales
930:JSTOR
795:name.
751:patte
747:patté
739:patee
347:, in
2959:Rota
2948:Rose
2878:Ankh
2716:High
2374:Aviz
1875:Iron
1391:2020
1372:2020
1359:ISBN
1306:2015
1254:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1065:2009
1019:ISBN
992:ISBN
971:help
830:2018
770:ISBN
733:2013
717:adj.
701:2013
688:ISBN
642:2013
586:2013
573:ISBN
526:2009
488:ISBN
212:pat-
206:and
122:The
48:and
3020:Sun
2857:Rho
2854:Tau
2330:Tau
922:doi
822:VII
405:'s
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