2500:
3253:
6282:
54:
3177:
6296:
2851:
2766:, in which the Lithuanian academies were the heartland of opposition to Hasidism, "Lithuanian" came to have the connotation of Misnagdic (non-Hasidic) Judaism generally, and to be used for all Jews who follow the traditions of the great Lithuanian yeshivot, whether or not their ancestors actually came from Lithuania. In modern Israel,
2666:
Based on data by
Institute of Jewish Policy Research, as of 1 January 2016, the core Jewish population of Lithuania is estimated to be 2,700 (0.09% of the wider population), and the enlarged Jewish population was estimated at 6,500 (0.23% of the wider population). The Lithuanian Jewish population is
3233:
numbered around 160,000, or about 7% of the total population. At the beginning of the war, some 12,000 Jewish refugees fled into
Lithuania from Poland; by 1941 the Jewish population of Lithuania had increased to approximately 250,000, or 10% of the total population.
3123:, under which they formed a class of freemen subject in all criminal cases directly to the jurisdiction of the grand duke and his official representatives, and in petty suits to the jurisdiction of local officials on an equal footing with the lesser nobles (
3051:(outside the Hasidic camp) are successor bodies to the famous yeshivot of Lithuania, though their present-day members may or may not be descended from Lithuanian Jewry. In reality, both the ethnic make-up and the religious traditions of the
2878:" (opposers) of the Hasidi. The Lithuanian traditionalists believed Hassidim represented a threat to Halachic observance due to certain Kabbalistic beliefs held by the Hassidim, that, if misinterpreted, could lead one to heresy as per the
3953:
Durst, Ronen (May 2001), "Recent Origin and Spread of a Common
Lithuanian Mutation, G197del LDLR, Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Positive Selection Is Not Always Necessary to Account for Disease Incidence among Ashkenazi Jews",
3756:
Glinert, Lewis, âAshkenazi
Pronunciation Tradition: Modernâ, in: Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics, Edited by: Geoffrey Khan. Consulted online on 24 January 2023. First published online: 2013 First print edition:
4596:
3287:, who thought of them as cold fish. They, in turn, disdained Galitzianers as irrational and uneducated. Ira Steingroot's "Yiddish Knowledge Cards" devote a card to this "Ashkenazi version of the
3299:
debate, Hasidism being considered the more emotional and spontaneous form of religious expression. The two groups differed not only in their attitudes and their pronunciation, but also in their
3155:
destroyed the existing
Lithuanian Jewish institutions. Still, the Jewish population of Lithuania grew from an estimated 120,000 in 1569 to approximately 250,000 in 1792. After the 1793
2663:
Vilna (Vilnius) was occupied by Nazi
Germany in June 1941. Within a matter of months, this famous Jewish community had been devastated with over two-thirds of its population killed.
4621:
4591:
3732:
1158:
3518:
3385:
3669:"The Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories"
3435:
2637:"), Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (1720â1797), to give his rarely used full name, helped make Vilna (modern-day Vilnius) a world center for Talmudic learning.
4146:
The
Migration of Lithuanian Jews to the United States, 1880 â 1918, and the Decisions Involved in the Process, Exemplified by Five Individual Migration Stories
3473:
3156:
1736:
3747:
Joseph
Telushkin. Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know About the Jewish Religion, Its People and Its History. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991.
1391:
1086:
3303:. The Galitzianers were known for rich, heavily sweetened dishes in contrast to the plainer, more savory Litvisher versions, with the boundary known as the
1278:
3569:
2932:
pressing for better integration into
European society, and today, many leading academics, scientists, and philosophers are of Lithuanian Jewish descent.
2845:
4002:; Bressman, Susan (1995). "Genetic analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews and their recent descent from a small founder population".
3407:
3828:
3505:
3492:
2486:
3454:
3366:
2644:
The inter-war
Republic of Lithuania was home to a large and influential Jewish community whose members either fled the country or were murdered when
255:
3237:
During the German invasion of June 1941, 141,000 Jews were murdered by the Nazis and Lithuanian collaborators. Notable execution locations were the
5786:
2940:
2855:
1273:
6176:
1521:
4398:
3396:
4859:
4328:
1775:
3544:
2736:, only to be revived around 1880 in the narrower meaning of "a Lithuanian Jew". The "Lithuania" meant here is the territory of the former
2499:
6136:
765:
728:
3849:
4654:
2730:
term denoting "a man from Lithuania", which however went out of use before the 19th century, having been supplanted in this meaning by
4535:
4348:
3047:
Haredi individual or institution. Another reason for this broadening of the term is the fact that many of the leading Israeli Haredi
2968:
1699:
2826:("opponents") on the other hand is somewhat outdated, because the opposition between the two groups has lost much of its relevance.
4683:
4373:
3638:
2991:
1722:
6182:
1072:
3613:
6332:
5282:
4736:
4611:
4563:
4460:
4455:
4270:
3729:
2972:
2660:
in Vilnius alone. Census figures from 2005 recorded 4,007 Jews in Lithuania â 0.12 percent of the country's total population.
2479:
1649:
1584:
1466:
5277:
4179:
4160:
4135:
4055:
4048:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. Themes and Phenomena of the Jewish Diaspora, Volume 1
770:
4568:
4420:
2652:, the Lithuanian Jewish population comprised some 160,000 people, or about 7% of the total population. There were over 110
1208:
5186:
5297:
5292:
4716:
4573:
3579:
3140:, but allowed to return in 1503. The Lithuanian statute of 1566 placed a number of restrictions on the Jews, and imposed
1476:
1293:
1283:
528:
2589:
style of life and learning, whatever their ethnic background. The area where Litvaks lived is referred to in Yiddish as
6109:
4986:
4520:
4108:
3884:
3272:
Litvaks have an identifiable mode of pronouncing Hebrew and Yiddish; this is often used to determine the boundaries of
1872:
1822:
1787:
1481:
1346:
1213:
4145:
3668:
2963:, which bear the names of their Lithuanian forebears. American "offspring" of the Lithuanian yeshiva movement include
5137:
4991:
4490:
4450:
4430:
4410:
4313:
4091:
4077:
3216:
2472:
1564:
1526:
1501:
1421:
1406:
1253:
1193:
1148:
5046:
4954:
4601:
4425:
3589:
3559:
3114:
1857:
1839:
1745:
1639:
1491:
1486:
1411:
1376:
1243:
31:
3929:"Jewish Genetics, Part 3: Jewish Genetic Diseases (Mediterranean Fever, TayâSachs, pemphigus vulgaris, Mutations)"
6211:
5405:
4606:
4553:
4505:
4500:
4475:
4333:
3325:. The utility of these variations has been the subject of debate. One variation, which is implicated in familial
2899:
2375:
2274:
1829:
1812:
1765:
1664:
1574:
1511:
1461:
1441:
1436:
1356:
1330:
1305:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1143:
1138:
3998:
Risch, Neil; Leon, Deborah de; Ozelius, Laurie; Kramer, Patricia; Almasy, Laura; Singer, Burton; Fahn, Stanley;
6337:
5087:
4647:
4530:
4480:
4440:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4338:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
3584:
3334:
3198:
1848:
1834:
1802:
1782:
1750:
1694:
1669:
1644:
1624:
1614:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1569:
1559:
1554:
1531:
1446:
1431:
1351:
1310:
1263:
1258:
1178:
1123:
17:
6327:
6188:
5509:
4616:
4558:
4525:
4515:
4495:
4485:
4470:
4465:
4445:
4415:
4383:
4368:
4343:
4279:
3574:
3564:
2269:
1807:
1792:
1755:
1717:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1659:
1654:
1634:
1619:
1604:
1579:
1545:
1516:
1416:
1401:
1325:
1315:
1233:
1203:
1128:
1114:
3283:
In the popular perception, Litvaks were considered to be more intellectual and stoic than their rivals, the
3009:
In the 19th century, the Orthodox Ashkenazi residents of the Holy Land, broadly speaking, were divided into
6251:
6119:
6114:
5302:
5287:
5051:
5006:
4751:
4510:
4435:
4405:
3549:
3329:, has been dated to the 14th century, corresponding to the establishment of settlements in response to the
2907:
1877:
1797:
1760:
1684:
1629:
1496:
1471:
1396:
1371:
1361:
1300:
1223:
1218:
1198:
1188:
1168:
1153:
1046:
755:
519:
514:
6216:
6201:
5082:
4942:
3342:
2759:
in Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia and northeastern Poland, including SuwaĹki, ĹomĹźa, and BiaĹystok.
1867:
1862:
1817:
1770:
1456:
1426:
1386:
1381:
1238:
549:
3523:
3390:
6170:
6064:
5715:
5609:
5317:
5250:
4811:
4701:
4263:
2964:
2645:
2341:
2186:
1894:
1288:
489:
479:
215:
3814:
6286:
6226:
6124:
6104:
5974:
5899:
5759:
5626:
5312:
5272:
4640:
3692:
3119:
Jews began living in Lithuania as early as the 13th century. In 1388, they were granted a charter by
2455:
2148:
1999:
1940:
831:
6322:
6206:
6037:
5336:
5211:
3642:
3440:
3276:(area of settlement of Litvaks). Its most characteristic feature is the pronunciation of the vowel
3194:
2895:
2879:
2737:
2546:
2158:
2138:
1248:
733:
274:
3448:
2979:("Lakewood"), as well as numerous other yeshivas founded by students of Lakewood's founder, Rabbi
6159:
6148:
5742:
5663:
5368:
5267:
5206:
5092:
5065:
4118:
3478:
3316:
3288:
3187:
2911:
2882:. Differences between the groups grew to the extent that in popular perception "Lithuanian" and "
2299:
2289:
2254:
2133:
2123:
1906:
1077:
1019:
853:
537:
494:
209:
6195:
6165:
5228:
2886:" became virtually interchangeable terms. However, a sizable minority of Litvaks belong(ed) to
2418:
2153:
2067:
1133:
690:
309:
279:
6221:
6142:
5924:
5631:
5514:
5255:
5245:
5238:
5223:
5109:
4256:
4238:
3873:"A Population-Genetic Test of Founder Effects and Implications for Ashkenazi Jewish Diseases"
3800:
2309:
2304:
2249:
2037:
952:
685:
672:
567:
284:
3770:
6256:
6246:
5749:
4721:
3928:
3330:
3326:
3252:
3152:
2952:
2919:
2380:
2332:
2072:
1930:
748:
613:
602:
560:
3412:
8:
5904:
5872:
5798:
5707:
5653:
5260:
5060:
4794:
4759:
3783:
3773:" (updated June 20, 2014). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3510:
3497:
3345:
in the population has also been identified as possibly stemming from the founder effect.
3137:
3125:
2976:
2887:
2433:
2128:
806:
678:
581:
574:
504:
392:
267:
97:
3646:
6236:
6231:
6042:
5764:
5641:
5636:
5621:
5591:
5544:
5467:
5373:
5233:
4806:
4711:
4678:
4027:
3999:
3976:
3905:
3872:
3459:
3401:
3371:
3358:
2987:
2752:
2684:
2504:
2284:
2234:
2181:
2176:
2090:
1960:
1228:
1057:
816:
741:
595:
161:
5519:
5395:
3055:
communities are much more diverse. Customs of Lithuanian non-Hasidic Jews consist of:
6020:
5951:
5833:
5818:
5601:
5472:
5437:
4726:
4203:
4175:
4156:
4131:
4104:
4087:
4073:
4051:
4019:
3981:
3910:
3617:
3304:
2956:
2785:
2748:
2428:
2370:
2350:
2167:
1727:
1366:
826:
702:
632:
509:
422:
289:
2562:
6086:
6054:
6015:
5986:
5969:
5919:
5720:
5529:
5462:
5415:
5363:
5331:
5322:
5307:
5181:
5156:
5132:
5016:
4947:
4864:
4731:
4031:
4011:
3971:
3963:
3900:
3892:
3705:
3486:
3423:
2999:
2944:
2936:
2744:
2522:
2398:
2279:
2239:
2203:
1901:
1451:
962:
723:
627:
542:
432:
224:
87:
4208:
5996:
5991:
5803:
5730:
5563:
5534:
5457:
5447:
5410:
5385:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5176:
5171:
5161:
5146:
4937:
4854:
4821:
4779:
4769:
4217:
3736:
3531:
3242:
3097:
3034:
3010:
3003:
2994:
school; rival approaches were those of the Mir and Telshe yeshivas. In practical
2871:
2777:
2727:
2586:
2534:
2360:
2319:
2314:
2294:
2216:
2210:
2143:
2095:
1935:
1916:
1067:
796:
713:
696:
240:
129:
92:
82:
4248:
4103:. Vilnius: Baltos lankos and Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010,
2667:
concentrated in the capital, Vilnius, with smaller population centres including
6300:
6275:
6096:
6003:
5961:
5941:
5929:
5909:
5823:
5813:
5781:
5774:
5754:
5725:
5697:
5692:
5658:
5568:
5492:
5482:
5420:
5218:
5166:
5077:
5072:
4834:
4829:
4764:
4693:
3467:
3429:
3322:
3300:
3160:
3141:
2960:
2948:
2929:
2903:
2773:
2625:
No other Jew is more closely linked to a specifically Lithuanian city than the
2582:
2460:
2259:
2114:
1994:
1973:
1950:
1945:
1923:
1911:
1506:
987:
921:
886:
864:
801:
644:
622:
484:
463:
439:
205:
187:
141:
125:
6316:
6069:
5914:
5841:
5648:
5582:
5555:
5504:
5452:
5425:
5400:
5390:
5151:
5097:
5031:
5011:
5001:
4996:
4969:
4915:
4844:
4789:
4227:
4072:; translated from the Hebrew by Adam Teller. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001,
3379:
3284:
3086:
2980:
2408:
2403:
1609:
1536:
1062:
911:
906:
901:
891:
869:
821:
588:
427:
332:
294:
245:
145:
4082:
Alvydas NikĹžentaitis, Stefan Schreiner, Darius StaliĹŤnas, Leonidas Donskis,
6049:
5846:
5808:
5769:
5358:
5102:
5041:
5021:
4981:
4964:
4932:
4920:
4881:
4799:
4774:
3985:
3914:
3594:
3554:
3230:
3145:
2649:
2438:
2264:
2105:
2100:
2058:
2011:
1105:
972:
957:
916:
881:
499:
341:
137:
133:
4023:
2870:
study. Lithuania became the heartland of the traditionalist opposition to
2816:
are somewhat misleading, because there are also Hasidic Jews from greater
2566:
6059:
5574:
5499:
5477:
5380:
4974:
4903:
4898:
4886:
4876:
3064:
2638:
2578:
2423:
2365:
2030:
936:
931:
926:
896:
149:
3962:(5), Roberto Colombo, Shoshi Shpitzen, Liat Ben Avi, et al.: 1172â1188,
2668:
6153:
5860:
5442:
5036:
4784:
4706:
4242:
4223:
4213:
4113:
4096:
4015:
3815:"The Jerusalem of Lithuania The story of the Jewish community of Vilna"
3260:
3246:
3201: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3070:
Variations in pronunciation (not practiced by most modern-day Litvaks)
3018:
2626:
2081:
1095:
1024:
982:
811:
791:
355:
262:
182:
30:
For the general history of Jews in the territory of the Lithuania, see
6074:
5539:
5430:
5341:
4959:
4893:
3052:
3044:
2986:
In theoretical Talmud study, the leading Lithuanian authorities were
2883:
2875:
2817:
2799:
2791:
2763:
2653:
2550:
2244:
2229:
1319:
1267:
1029:
977:
967:
653:
649:
639:
554:
314:
59:
4910:
3176:
2641:(1910â1982) was born in Vilna, the city about which he would write.
997:
5793:
5735:
5680:
5675:
5346:
4632:
3967:
3896:
3296:
3238:
3120:
3090:
being pronounced as /s/, making it difficult to differentiate from
3060:
3048:
3014:
2915:
2688:
2413:
2023:
1955:
786:
299:
250:
4233:
4209:
Collection of photos of Litvaks made in first half of 20th century
6008:
5892:
5887:
5877:
5865:
5685:
5670:
5614:
5549:
5524:
5487:
5351:
5026:
4925:
4741:
4667:
3695:". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
3338:
3292:
3133:, and other free citizens. As a result, the community prospered.
3063:
during non-sabbath days of the intermediate days of the festival
3041:
2995:
2939:, which was the model for most later yeshivas. Twentieth century
2924:
2863:
2833:
2694:
2657:
2630:
2574:
2554:
2389:
2355:
2224:
2018:
1007:
1002:
665:
661:
657:
406:
401:
378:
360:
235:
230:
220:
198:
173:
112:
77:
3148:, including yellow caps for men and yellow kerchiefs for women.
6079:
5946:
5882:
3888:
3362:
3277:
3130:
3022:
3006:, which is regarded as both more analytic and more accessible.
2891:
2867:
2781:
2672:
2604:
2570:
2558:
2049:
2044:
2004:
1989:
1100:
992:
417:
383:
369:
304:
3418:
2935:
The most famous Lithuanian institution of Jewish learning was
6030:
6025:
5979:
5934:
5855:
5850:
5114:
4869:
4839:
3850:"This is no fish tale: Gefilte tastes tell story of ancestry"
3074:
2850:
2634:
1012:
446:
350:
319:
2839:
6129:
4663:
2762:
However, following the dispute between the Hasidim and the
2756:
2542:
169:
4195:
4220:
on contemporary and historic Litvak culture and Litvish
3321:
The Lithuanian Jewish population may exhibit a genetic
4122:; Vilnius: International Cultural Program Center, 2009
3997:
3489:, animator, illustrator, scriptwriter and caricaturist
3157:
Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
4070:
The Litvaks: A Short History of the Jews of Lithuania
3002:, though today, the "Lithuanian" yeshivas prefer the
2866:
was marked by a concentration on highly intellectual
2708:
means "Lithuanian": the noun for a Lithuanian Jew is
2573:, as well as adjacent areas of modern-day Russia and
4150:
3280:
as (as against Sephardic , Germanic and Polish ).
2832:
is also problematic because Hasidim now make use of
2028:
2009:
437:
3570:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
3291:". This difference is of course connected with the
2846:
Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus
3166:
4278:
4196:Official website of Jewish Community of Lithuania
6314:
3382:, one of the few Rabbis to survive the Holocaust
3353:Among notable contemporary Lithuanian Jews are:
2862:The characteristically "Lithuanian" approach to
2820:and many Litvaks who are not Haredim. The term
2788:). Other expressions used for this purpose are
4239:The Story of the Jewish Community in Lithuania
4151:Schoenburg, Stuart; Schoenburg, Nancy (2008).
4648:
4264:
4174:. Jerusalem, Israel: Gefen Publishing House.
3095:
2998:, the Lithuanians traditionally followed the
2827:
2805:
2789:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2598:
2590:
2480:
3545:Category:People of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
3040:, are often used loosely to include any non-
2821:
2811:
2797:
2767:
2731:
2721:
2614:
2608:
6137:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3788:YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
3337:to settle in the newly established city of
3144:, including the requirement that they wear
2577:). The term is sometimes used to cover all
729:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
4655:
4641:
4271:
4257:
2545:with roots in the territory of the former
2487:
2473:
4234:MACEVA: Lithuania Jewish Cemetery Project
3975:
3904:
3217:Learn how and when to remove this message
3021:. For this reason, in modern-day Israeli
2969:Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary
2840:Ethnicity, religious customs and heritage
4684:Index of Jewish history-related articles
4230:for the proposed field of Litvak Studies
3341:. A relatively high rate of early-onset
3251:
3229:The Jewish Lithuanian population before
2849:
2498:
6183:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4820:
3870:
3765:
3763:
14:
6315:
4169:
2973:Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen
2922:, many Litvaks became devotees of the
2503:Map showing percentage of Jews in the
4636:
4252:
4172:The Massacre of the Jews of Lithuania
4084:The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews
3952:
3017:, who were Litvaks influenced by the
4662:
4125:
4050:. Avrum M. Ehrlich, ABC-CLIO, 2009.
3776:
3760:
3199:adding citations to reliable sources
3170:
2772:(Lithuanians) is often used for all
46:Regions with significant populations
3666:
3639:"The Jewish Community of Lithuania"
3580:History of the Jews in South Africa
2928:(Jewish Enlightenment) movement in
2699:
2538:
2526:
24:
6130:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
6110:American Jewish Historical Society
4062:
3956:American Journal of Human Genetics
3885:American Society of Human Genetics
3730:Lithuanian population by ethnicity
3706:"Vilnius â Jerusalem of Lithuania"
25:
6349:
4189:
3801:"Lithuania Historical Background"
3616:. Db1.stat.gov.lt. Archived from
3348:
3263:. Cartography by Giedre Beconyte.
3159:, Litvaks became subjects of the
520:Historical population comparisons
6294:
6281:
6280:
3560:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3331:invitation extended by Gediminas
3257:An Atlas of Northeastern Yiddish
3175:
3115:History of the Jews in Lithuania
1159:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1073:Historical population by country
52:
32:History of the Jews in Lithuania
3991:
3946:
3921:
3864:
3842:
3821:
3807:
3793:
3186:needs additional citations for
3167:Litvaks in the Second World War
3136:In 1495, they were expelled by
6202:Relations with other religions
4280:History of the Jews in Europe
3750:
3741:
3723:
3698:
3685:
3660:
3631:
3606:
2836:as much as the Litvishe Jews.
13:
1:
6333:Jews and Judaism in Lithuania
6189:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4204:Website about Jews in Vilnius
4153:Lithuanian Jewish Communities
4119:Seven Kingdoms of the Litvaks
4041:
3575:History of the Jews in Poland
3565:History of the Jews in Latvia
2508:
735:Christianity and Judaism
6120:Leo Baeck Institute New York
6115:American Sephardi Federation
3550:Jewish cemeteries of Vilnius
3417:, pop singer from the group
3395:, composer, Laureate of the
3361:(a member of the Lithuanian
2678:
7:
4943:Constantinopolitan Karaites
4086:, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004,
3538:
3404:, composer and sound artist
3310:
3096:
2828:
2822:
2812:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2768:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2609:
2599:
2029:
2010:
1737:Latin America and Caribbean
438:
10:
6354:
6171:National Library of Israel
4812:Zionism, race and genetics
3871:Slatkin, M (August 2004).
3585:IsraelâLithuania relations
3426:, philosopher and essayist
3333:in 1323, which encouraged
3314:
3267:
3112:
3108:
2965:Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
2843:
2682:
2646:the Holocaust in Lithuania
2342:Jewish political movements
2039:Conversion to Judaism
29:
6269:
6125:Yeshiva University Museum
6105:Center for Jewish History
6095:
5960:
5832:
5706:
5600:
5131:
4750:
4692:
4674:
4582:
4544:
4286:
4101:Lithuanian Jewish Culture
3829:"Yiddish Knowledge Cards"
3397:Lithuanian National Award
3073:The pronunciation of the
2918:. With the spread of the
2874:. They named themselves "
2616:
2615:
2592:
2591:
750:Hinduism and Judaism
123:
118:
111:
106:
73:
68:
50:
45:
4717:Ancient Israel and Judah
3643:European Jewish Congress
3600:
3094:, a phenomenon known as
2755:) dialect was spoken by
2738:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2648:began in 1941. Prior to
2547:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
576:Temple in Jerusalem
269:Bar and bat mitzvah
5093:North African Sephardim
5066:Jewish tribes of Arabia
4130:. Xlibris Corporation.
3790:. Retrieved 2015-04-14.
3614:"RodikliĹł duomenĹł bazÄ"
3590:List of Lithuanian Jews
3470:, cellist and conductor
3317:Genetic studies on Jews
2975:("Chofetz Chaim"), and
2720:itself originates from
538:Twelve Tribes of Israel
6196:Holocaust Encyclopedia
6166:Jewish Virtual Library
4329:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4170:Sutton, Karen (2008).
4126:Ozer, Mark N. (2009).
3264:
2859:
2732:
2722:
2549:(covering present-day
2515:
2507:in the Russian Empire
27:Ethnic group of Europe
6338:Ashkenazi Jews topics
6143:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5925:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
5110:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
4860:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
4155:. Jason Aronson Inc.
3519:Aleksandra JacovskytÄ
3449:Grigorijus KanoviÄius
3436:Benjaminas Gorbulskis
3386:Anatolijus Ĺ enderovas
3315:Further information:
3255:
2941:"Lithuanian" yeshivas
2853:
2844:Further information:
2683:Further information:
2502:
1279:SĂŁo TomĂŠ and PrĂncipe
1274:Republic of the Congo
673:Second Temple Judaism
544:Kingdom of Judah
515:Modern historiography
119:Related ethnic groups
6328:Jewish ethnic groups
4722:Second Temple period
3782:Levin, Dov (2010). "
3483:, jazz percussionist
3474:Arkadijus Gotesmanas
3464:, tenor opera singer
3327:hypercholesterolemia
3289:Hatfields and McCoys
3195:improve this article
3153:Khmelnytsky Uprising
3146:distinctive clothing
2381:World Agudath Israel
1522:United Arab Emirates
614:Second Temple period
604:Babylonian captivity
6160:Jewish Encyclopedia
5905:Hekhalot literature
5716:Religious movements
5251:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4545:States with limited
4000:Breakefield, Xandra
3852:. 10 September 1999
3710:litvakai.mch.mii.lt
3138:Alexander Jagiellon
3033:(adjective), or in
3025:parlance the terms
2977:Beth Medrash Govoha
2561:, the northeastern
679:Hellenistic Judaism
257:Land of Israel
216:Principles of faith
42:
6301:Judaism portal
6237:Jews and Halloween
6232:Jews and Christmas
5622:Rabbinic authority
5374:Judaeo-Piedmontese
4807:Xueta Christianity
4712:Origins of Judaism
4679:Outline of Judaism
4016:10.1038/ng0295-152
3735:2009-06-02 at the
3402:Arturas Bumsteinas
3359:Emanuelis Zingeris
3265:
3102:('Sabbath Lingo').
2988:Chaim Soloveitchik
2860:
2856:Lithuanian yeshiva
2753:Lithuanian Yiddish
2685:Lithuanian Yiddish
2516:
2505:Pale of Settlement
2235:Jewish Koine Greek
1777:Dominican Republic
1058:Judaism by country
742:Jews and Christmas
597:Assyrian captivity
40:
6310:
6309:
6276:extinct languages
6177:YIVO Encyclopedia
5952:Hebrew literature
5920:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
5760:Reconstructionist
5438:Judaeo-Portuguese
5127:
5126:
5083:Eastern Sephardim
4727:Synagogal Judaism
4630:
4629:
4181:978-965-229-400-5
4162:978-1-56821-993-6
4137:978-1-4363-6778-3
4128:The Litvak Legacy
4056:978-1-85109-873-6
3877:Am. J. Hum. Genet
3667:Shapiro, Nathan.
3305:Gefilte Fish Line
3227:
3226:
3219:
2804:. Both the words
2786:Sephardic Haredim
2776:Jews who are not
2633:, "the genius of
2497:
2496:
2446:
2445:
2194:
2193:
1941:Reconstructionist
1885:
1884:
1037:
1036:
844:
843:
686:JewishâRoman wars
634:Hasmonean dynasty
550:Kingdom of Israel
454:
453:
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
6345:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6284:
6283:
5416:Judeo-Golpaygani
5017:Palestinian Jews
4992:Alexandrian Jews
4948:Crimean Karaites
4865:Unterlander Jews
4818:
4817:
4732:Rabbinic Judaism
4657:
4650:
4643:
4634:
4633:
4583:Dependencies and
4287:Sovereign states
4273:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4200:
4185:
4166:
4144:Nathan Shapiro,
4141:
4036:
4035:
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3988:
3979:
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3939:
3933:www.khazaria.com
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3818:
3817:. Yadvashem.org.
3811:
3805:
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3803:. Yadvashem.org.
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3645:. Archived from
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3610:
3527:
3514:
3506:Marius Jacovskis
3501:
3493:Adomas Jacovskis
3487:Ilja Bereznickas
3482:
3463:
3444:
3424:Leonidas Donskis
3416:
3394:
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3179:
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3000:Aruch HaShulchan
2937:Volozhin yeshiva
2831:
2825:
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2809:
2803:
2795:
2771:
2749:Litvishe Yiddish
2745:Yiddish dialects
2735:
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2040:
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2015:
1979:
1978:
1926:
1873:New Zealand
1825:
1788:El Salvador
1778:
1710:Northern America
1702:
1296:
1052:
1051:
963:Crimean Karaites
859:
858:
837:
835:
761:
759:
751:
745:
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724:Rabbinic Judaism
705:
699:
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628:Maccabean Revolt
605:
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21:
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6323:Lithuanian Jews
6313:
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6306:
6295:
6293:
6265:
6091:
5956:
5828:
5702:
5596:
5411:Judeo-Borujerdi
5386:Judeo-Malayalam
5332:Judeo-Aragonese
5303:Lishanid Noshan
5135:
5123:
4855:Oberlander Jews
4816:
4746:
4688:
4670:
4661:
4631:
4626:
4584:
4578:
4564:Northern Cyprus
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4540:
4461:North Macedonia
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4065:
4063:Further reading
4044:
4039:
4004:Nature Genetics
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3737:Wayback Machine
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3367:Markas Zingeris
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3004:Mishnah Berurah
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2747:in Europe, the
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2315:Judeo-Malayalam
2295:Judaeo-Georgian
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2096:Yiddish theatre
2038:
1976:
1966:
1965:
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716:and Middle Ages
714:Rabbinic period
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561:in Judaism
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130:Belarusian Jews
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6243:non-Christian
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5932:
5930:Sefer Yetzirah
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5910:Pardes Rimonim
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5900:Kabbalah texts
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5396:Judaeo-Occitan
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5337:Jewish English
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5268:Judaeo-Aramaic
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5256:Judeo-Tunisian
5253:
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5246:Judeo-Moroccan
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5239:Judeo-Baghdadi
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4190:External links
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4109:978-9639776517
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4010:(2): 152â159.
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3722:
3697:
3684:
3659:
3630:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3516:
3515:, scenographer
3503:
3502:, scenographer
3490:
3484:
3471:
3468:David Geringas
3465:
3452:
3446:
3433:
3430:Icchokas Meras
3427:
3421:
3408:Gidonas Ĺ apiro
3405:
3399:
3383:
3377:
3350:
3349:Notable people
3347:
3323:founder effect
3312:
3309:
3269:
3266:
3225:
3224:
3183:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3161:Russian Empire
3142:sumptuary laws
3113:Main article:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3082:
3068:
2930:Eastern Europe
2904:Karlin (Pinsk)
2888:Hasidic groups
2841:
2838:
2680:
2677:
2581:who follow an
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:Territorialism
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Judaeo-Spanish
2257:
2255:Judaeo-Iranian
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:United Kingdom
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:Bilad-el-Sudan
1131:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1087:Land of Israel
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
947:
946:
945:Related groups
942:
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
878:
877:
872:
857:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
841:
840:
839:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
802:Jewish atheism
799:
794:
789:
781:
780:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:IslamicâJewish
753:
746:
731:
726:
718:
717:
710:
709:
708:
707:
683:
670:
642:
637:
630:
625:
623:Yehud Medinata
617:
616:
610:
609:
608:
607:
600:
593:
585:
572:
564:
552:
547:
540:
532:
531:
529:Ancient Israel
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Land of Israel
482:
474:
473:
467:
462:
461:
458:
457:
452:
451:
450:
449:
444:
440:Shulchan Aruch
435:
430:
425:
420:
412:
411:
410:
409:
404:
396:
395:
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
373:
372:
366:
365:
364:
363:
358:
353:
345:
344:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
265:
260:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
218:
213:
206:God in Judaism
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
177:
176:
166:
165:
153:
152:
142:Ukrainian Jews
126:Ashkenazi Jews
121:
120:
116:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
74:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
48:
47:
36:
26:
18:Lithuanian Jew
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6350:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6318:
6303:
6302:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6227:Protestantism
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5915:Sefer HaBahir
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5842:Sifrei Kodesh
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5698:Who is a Jew?
5696:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5627:Chosen people
5625:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5584:
5583:Scots-Yiddish
5581:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5556:Klezmer-loshn
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5426:Judeo-Shirazi
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5401:Judeo-Persian
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:Judeo-Marathi
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5369:Judeo-Italian
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5224:Judeo-Amazigh
5222:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5134:
5130:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:Hadhrami Jews
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Mountain Jews
5010:
5008:
5007:Egyptian Jews
5005:
5003:
5002:Bukharan Jews
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4790:Lists of Jews
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Faroe Islands
4595:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:South Ossetia
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:Liechtenstein
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:90-420-0850-4
4089:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4078:965-308-084-9
4075:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3949:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3851:
3845:
3830:
3824:
3816:
3810:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3757:9789004176423
3753:
3744:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3688:
3670:
3663:
3649:on 2014-11-06
3648:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3620:on 2013-10-14
3619:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3380:Ephraim Oshry
3378:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3210:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3184:This section
3182:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2981:Aharon Kotler
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:Enlightenment
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:Karlin-Stolin
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2506:
2501:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Judeo-Aramaic
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Judeo-Italian
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:GhardaĂŻa Sign
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:Denominations
1891:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1723:United States
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Guinea-Bissau
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Lists of Jews
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
948:
944:
943:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
850:
849:
838:
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:The Holocaust
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
777:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
754:
752:
747:
743:
737:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
704:
698:
692:
687:
684:
680:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
618:
615:
612:
611:
606:
601:
599:
594:
590:
586:
583:
578:
573:
569:
565:
562:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
533:
530:
527:
526:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
475:
471:
470:
465:
460:
459:
448:
445:
442:
441:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Mishneh Torah
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
414:
413:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
394:
391:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
374:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
343:
340:
339:
334:
329:
328:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
266:
264:
261:
259:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
211:
207:
204:
203:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:Who is a Jew?
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
178:
175:
171:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:Estonian Jews
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
117:
114:
110:
105:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
67:
63:
61:
49:
44:
33:
19:
6292:
6285:
6271:
6194:
6187:
6175:
6158:
6141:
5975:perspectives
5809:Samaritanism
5770:Neo-Hasidism
5750:Conservative
5664:Names of God
5573:
5554:
5364:Judaeo-Greek
5359:Judeo-Gascon
5298:LishĂĄn DidĂĄn
5293:Lishana Deni
5261:Judeo-Yemeni
5229:Judeo-Arabic
5103:Meshuchrarim
5022:Persian Jews
4955:Kurdish Jews
4933:Kaifeng Jews
4882:Beta Abraham
4849:
4845:Galitzianers
4800:Antisemitism
4775:Israeli Jews
4760:Assimilation
4574:Transnistria
4228:Reading list
4199:(in English)
4171:
4152:
4127:
4117:
4100:
4083:
4069:
4047:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3932:
3923:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3844:
3832:. Retrieved
3823:
3809:
3795:
3787:
3778:
3752:
3743:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:
3700:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3662:
3651:. Retrieved
3647:the original
3633:
3622:. Retrieved
3618:the original
3608:
3595:Minhag Polin
3555:Vilna Ghetto
3352:
3320:
3285:Galitzianers
3282:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3236:
3231:World War II
3228:
3213:
3204:
3193:Please help
3188:verification
3185:
3150:
3135:
3124:
3118:
3091:
3085:
3078:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3008:
2985:
2934:
2923:
2890:, including
2861:
2854:Portrait of
2761:
2743:Of the main
2742:
2692:
2665:
2662:
2650:World War II
2643:
2624:
2603:, hence the
2530:
2518:
2517:
2439:Post-Zionism
2310:Judeo-Berber
2305:Judeo-Arabic
2265:Judeo-Gascon
2012:Pidyon haben
1931:Conservative
1477:Saudi Arabia
1295:South Africa
1284:Sierra Leone
1106:Israeli Jews
1020:Mosaic Arabs
973:Kaifeng Jews
874:
834:ArabâIsraeli
807:Emancipation
691:Great Revolt
500:Anti-Judaism
495:Antisemitism
490:Name "Judea"
285:Baal teshuva
138:Latvian Jews
134:Russian Jews
37:Ethnic group
6217:Catholicism
5799:Hellenistic
5637:Eschatology
5575:Lachoudisch
5500:Lotegorisch
5478:Lachoudisch
5468:KoinĂŠ Greek
5381:Judeo-Latin
5318:Palestinian
5212:Palestinian
5061:MustaĘżravim
4987:Afghan Jews
4975:Berber Jews
4899:Bene Israel
4887:Falash Mura
4877:Beta Israel
4795:Persecution
4737:Middle Ages
4612:Isle of Man
4547:recognition
4521:Switzerland
4456:Netherlands
4068:Dov Levin,
3522: [
3509: [
3496: [
3477: [
3458: [
3439: [
3411: [
3389: [
3370: [
3335:German Jews
3241:woods (see
3065:chol hamoed
3059:Wearing of
2714:. The term
2639:Chaim Grade
2579:Haredi Jews
2569:regions of
2512: 1905
2434:Revisionist
2424:Neo-Zionism
2031:Zeved habat
1824:Puerto Rico
1650:Netherlands
1482:South Korea
1467:Philippines
1347:Afghanistan
1214:Ivory Coast
988:Crypto-Jews
953:Bnei Anusim
932:Bene Israel
897:Beta Israel
854:Communities
766:Middle Ages
505:Persecution
280:Bereavement
150:Polish Jews
6317:Categories
6212:Anabaptism
6154:Jew (word)
6021:Leadership
5834:Literature
5819:Secularism
5765:Humanistic
5632:Conversion
5602:Philosophy
5443:Judeo-Urdu
5207:Babylonian
5052:Saada Jews
5037:Adeni Jews
4830:Ashkenazim
4785:Samaritans
4752:Population
4707:Israelites
4491:San Marino
4451:Montenegro
4431:Luxembourg
4411:Kazakhstan
4314:Azerbaijan
4243:Yad Vashem
4224:Dovid Katz
4214:Dovid Katz
4114:Dovid Katz
4097:Dovid Katz
4042:References
3938:18 October
3891:: 282â93.
3856:18 October
3834:18 October
3715:18 October
3677:7 December
3653:2014-11-06
3624:2013-04-16
3445:, composer
3261:Dovid Katz
3247:Ninth Fort
3245:) and the
3207:April 2014
3029:(noun) or
3019:Vilna Gaon
2908:Lechovitch
2829:Yeshivishe
2792:Yeshivishe
2697:adjective
2654:synagogues
2627:Vilna Gaon
2419:Maximalism
2371:Secularism
2351:Autonomism
2168:Literature
1961:Humanistic
1565:Azerbaijan
1527:Uzbekistan
1502:Tajikistan
1422:Kyrgyzstan
1407:Kazakhstan
1254:Mozambique
1229:Madagascar
1149:Cape Verde
1101:New Yishuv
1096:Old Yishuv
1047:Population
1025:Subbotniks
983:Samaritans
922:Romanyotim
865:Ashkenazim
812:Old Yishuv
792:Sabbateans
779:Modern era
771:Golden Age
703:Bar Kokhba
423:Beit Yosef
290:Philosophy
98:Lithuanian
6274:indicate
6222:Mormonism
6207:Christian
6087:Symbolism
6075:Synagogue
6055:Mythology
6016:Education
5987:Astronomy
5970:Astrology
5787:relations
5592:Zarphatic
5540:Galitzish
5342:Yeshivish
5219:Catalanic
5182:Samaritan
5157:Ashkenazi
5138:Diasporic
5133:Languages
5078:Sephardim
5073:Romaniote
4960:Krymchaks
4894:Desi Jews
4770:Buddhists
4602:Gibraltar
4426:Lithuania
4241:â on the
3784:Lithuania
3771:Lithuania
3693:Lithuania
3528:, painter
3357:Brothers
3077:as /ej/ (
3053:misnagged
3045:Ashkenazi
3031:Litvisher
2884:misnagged
2880:Frankists
2876:misnagdim
2823:Misnagdim
2818:Lithuania
2800:Misnagdim
2780:(and not
2764:Misnagdim
2679:Etymology
2617:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2583:Ashkenazi
2567:BiaĹystok
2551:Lithuania
2539:×Ö´××Ö¸×Ö´××
2527:××××°×֡קעץ
2429:Religious
2285:Zarphatic
2275:Bukharian
2245:Judeo-Tat
2230:Yeshivish
2204:Languages
2159:Sephardic
2149:Israelite
2139:Ethiopian
2129:Ashkenazi
2068:Religious
1858:Australia
1840:Venezuela
1746:Argentina
1728:Greenland
1640:Lithuania
1492:Sri Lanka
1487:Singapore
1412:Kurdistan
1377:Indonesia
1367:Hong Kong
1320:Abayudaya
1244:Mauritius
978:Igbo Jews
968:Krymchaks
887:Sephardim
760:relations
654:Sadducees
650:Pharisees
640:Sanhedrin
555:Jerusalem
315:Synagogue
183:Etymology
69:Languages
60:Lithuania
6287:Category
6257:Hinduism
6247:Buddhism
6149:Genetics
6065:Politics
6038:Marriage
5997:Holidays
5992:Calendar
5873:Rabbinic
5849:/Hebrew
5794:Haymanot
5721:Orthodox
5708:Branches
5681:Kabbalah
5676:Haskalah
5654:Holiness
5530:dialects
5510:Shassagh
5473:Krymchak
5453:Kayliùùa
5347:Yinglish
5323:Galilean
5313:Talmudic
5308:Biblical
5283:Betanure
5202:Biblical
5197:Mishnaic
5192:Medieval
5177:Tiberian
5172:Yemenite
5162:Sephardi
5098:Paradesi
5042:Ḥabbanim
5032:Teimanim
4997:Baghdadi
4970:Maghrebi
4938:Karaites
4916:GruzĂnim
4904:Kochinim
4822:Diaspora
4780:Karaites
4765:Atheists
4702:Timeline
4622:Svalbard
4607:Guernsey
4554:Abkhazia
4506:Slovenia
4501:Slovakia
4476:Portugal
4334:Bulgaria
3986:11309683
3915:15208782
3733:Archived
3539:See also
3451:, writer
3432:, writer
3376:(writer)
3343:dystonia
3311:Genetics
3297:misnaged
3239:Paneriai
3126:szlachta
3121:Vytautas
3061:tefillin
3049:yeshivas
3015:Perushim
2990:and the
2961:Slabodka
2945:Ponevezh
2943:include
2916:Koidanov
2872:Hasidism
2858:students
2834:yeshivot
2807:Litvishe
2782:Hardalim
2689:Ostjuden
2669:KlaipÄda
2658:yeshivas
2456:Category
2414:Kahanism
2361:Feminism
2333:Politics
2217:Biblical
2187:American
2134:Bukharan
2124:American
2024:Shidduch
2000:Clothing
1956:Haymanot
1902:Orthodox
1830:Suriname
1813:Paraguay
1766:Colombia
1665:Portugal
1575:Bulgaria
1512:Thailand
1462:Pakistan
1442:Mongolia
1437:Malaysia
1357:Cambodia
1331:Zimbabwe
1306:Tanzania
1184:Eswatini
1174:Ethiopia
1164:Djibouti
1144:Cameroon
1139:Botswana
1068:Diaspora
1030:Noahides
1003:Marranos
927:Cochinim
912:Bukharim
902:Gruzinim
892:Teimanim
882:Mizrahim
870:Galician
836:conflict
797:Hasidism
787:Haskalah
697:Diaspora
568:timeline
480:Timeline
393:Rabbinic
300:Kabbalah
275:Marriage
251:Tzedakah
241:Holidays
199:Religion
162:a series
160:Part of
107:Religion
6272:Italics
6097:Studies
6043:Divorce
6009:Kashrut
6004:Cuisine
5962:Culture
5893:Midrash
5888:Tosefta
5878:Mishnah
5866:Ketuvim
5861:Nevi'im
5824:Schisms
5814:Science
5804:Karaite
5775:Renewal
5736:Litvaks
5731:Hasidic
5686:Sefirot
5671:Halakha
5642:Messiah
5615:Mitzvah
5610:Beliefs
5564:Western
5550:Poylish
5545:Litvish
5535:Eastern
5525:Yiddish
5520:Shuadit
5505:QwareĂąa
5493:Tetuani
5488:Haketia
5463:Knaanic
5458:Kivruli
5406:Bukhori
5352:Heblish
5288:HulaulĂĄ
5278:Barzani
5234:Yahudic
5167:Mizrahi
5027:Urfalim
4982:Mizrahi
4926:Neofiti
4921:Italkim
4850:Lita'im
4742:Zionism
4694:History
4668:Judaism
4531:Ukraine
4481:Romania
4441:Moldova
4399:Ireland
4394:Iceland
4389:Hungary
4379:Germany
4374:Georgia
4364:Finland
4359:Estonia
4354:Denmark
4339:Croatia
4324:Belgium
4319:Belarus
4309:Austria
4304:Armenia
4299:Andorra
4294:Albania
4245:website
4218:studies
4032:5922128
4024:7719342
3977:1226098
3906:1216062
3534:, actor
3339:Vilnius
3301:cuisine
3293:Hasidic
3268:Culture
3109:History
3042:Hasidic
3011:Hasidim
2996:halakha
2992:Brisker
2925:Haskala
2864:Judaism
2813:Lita'im
2778:Hasidim
2769:Lita'im
2705:Litvish
2700:××××××׊
2695:Yiddish
2656:and 10
2631:Yiddish
2619:
2610:Lita'im
2595:
2587:Hasidic
2575:Ukraine
2563:SuwaĹki
2555:Belarus
2531:Lita'im
2523:Yiddish
2519:Litvaks
2399:General
2390:Zionism
2366:Leftism
2356:Bundism
2280:Knaanic
2240:Yevanic
2225:Yiddish
2182:Yiddish
2177:Israeli
2154:Mizrahi
2144:Israeli
2115:Cuisine
2091:Ancient
2073:Secular
2019:Kashrut
1995:Wedding
1982:Customs
1974:Culture
1951:Science
1946:Renewal
1936:Karaite
1917:Hasidic
1849:Oceania
1835:Uruguay
1803:Jamaica
1783:Ecuador
1751:Bolivia
1695:Ukraine
1670:Romania
1645:Moldova
1625:Hungary
1615:Germany
1610:Georgia
1600:Finland
1595:Estonia
1590:Denmark
1585:Czechia
1570:Belarus
1560:Austria
1555:Armenia
1532:Vietnam
1447:Myanmar
1432:Lebanon
1352:Bahrain
1311:Tunisia
1289:Somalia
1264:Nigeria
1259:Namibia
1249:Morocco
1179:Eritrea
1124:Algeria
1008:Neofiti
917:Italkim
907:Juhurim
817:Zionism
666:Sicarii
662:Zealots
658:Essenes
645:Schisms
510:Leaders
472:General
464:History
407:Tosefta
402:Midrash
379:Mishnah
361:Ketuvim
356:Nevi'im
305:Customs
236:Shabbat
231:Halakha
223: (
221:Mitzvot
208: (
174:Judaism
113:Judaism
88:Russian
78:Yiddish
41:Litvaks
6080:Hazzan
6070:Prayer
5947:Siddur
5883:Talmud
5847:Tanakh
5782:Neolog
5755:Reform
5743:Modern
5726:Haredi
5649:Ethics
5515:Shassi
5483:Ladino
5448:Karaim
5431:Juhuri
5273:Targum
5187:Signed
5152:Modern
5147:Hebrew
5115:Xuetes
4911:DĂśnmeh
4870:Yekkes
4617:Jersey
4559:Kosovo
4526:Turkey
4516:Sweden
4496:Serbia
4486:Russia
4471:Poland
4466:Norway
4446:Monaco
4416:Latvia
4384:Greece
4369:France
4344:Cyprus
4178:
4159:
4134:
4107:
4090:
4076:
4054:
4030:
4022:
3984:
3974:
3913:
3903:
3889:PubMed
3365:) and
3363:Seimas
3131:boyars
3038:Litaim
3035:Hebrew
3027:Litvak
3023:Haredi
2959:, and
2949:Telshe
2896:Slonim
2892:Chabad
2868:Talmud
2774:Haredi
2733:Litwin
2728:Polish
2723:Litwak
2717:Litvak
2711:Litvak
2673:Kaunas
2605:Hebrew
2585:, non-
2571:Poland
2559:Latvia
2541:) are
2535:Hebrew
2461:Portal
2320:Domari
2250:Shassi
2211:Hebrew
2106:Humour
2050:Hiloni
2045:Aliyah
2005:Niddah
1990:Minyan
1925:Reform
1912:Haredi
1907:Modern
1808:Mexico
1793:Guyana
1756:Brazil
1718:Canada
1690:Sweden
1680:Serbia
1675:Russia
1660:Poland
1655:Norway
1635:Latvia
1620:Greece
1605:France
1580:Cyprus
1546:Europe
1517:Turkey
1507:Taiwan
1417:Kuwait
1402:Jordan
1392:Israel
1326:Zambia
1316:Uganda
1234:Malawi
1204:Guinea
1194:Gambia
1129:Angola
1115:Africa
998:DĂśnmeh
993:Anusim
937:Berber
875:Litvak
827:Israel
738:
675:
589:Second
557:
418:Targum
384:Gemara
370:Talmud
342:Tanakh
295:Ethics
246:Prayer
124:Other
93:Polish
83:Hebrew
57:
6252:Islam
6060:Names
6050:Music
6031:Rebbe
6026:Rabbi
5980:Monen
5935:Zohar
5856:Torah
5851:Bible
4965:Lemba
4840:Chuts
4592:Ă
land
4511:Spain
4436:Malta
4406:Italy
4028:S2CID
3883:(2).
3672:(PDF)
3601:Notes
3526:]
3513:]
3500:]
3481:]
3462:]
3443:]
3415:]
3393:]
3374:]
3278:holam
3259:, by
3075:holam
2912:Amdur
2635:Vilna
2607:term
2529:) or
2409:Labor
2404:Green
2101:Dance
2059:Music
1878:Palau
1798:Haiti
1761:Chile
1685:Spain
1630:Italy
1537:Yemen
1497:Syria
1472:Qatar
1452:Nepal
1397:Japan
1372:India
1362:China
1301:Sudan
1224:Libya
1219:Kenya
1199:Ghana
1189:Gabon
1169:Egypt
1154:Benin
1013:Xueta
958:Lemba
582:First
447:Zohar
351:Torah
333:Texts
320:Rabbi
310:Rites
210:names
64:2,800
4666:and
4664:Jews
4176:ISBN
4157:ISBN
4132:ISBN
4105:ISBN
4088:ISBN
4074:ISBN
4052:ISBN
4020:PMID
3982:PMID
3940:2018
3911:PMID
3887:via
3858:2018
3836:2018
3717:2018
3679:2013
3274:Lita
3151:The
3087:shin
3084:The
3013:and
2957:Kelm
2914:and
2810:and
2796:and
2757:Jews
2726:, a
2693:The
2687:and
2671:and
2629:(in
2600:Lite
2593:×××ע
2565:and
2543:Jews
1868:Guam
1863:Fiji
1818:Peru
1771:Cuba
1457:Oman
1427:Laos
1387:Iraq
1382:Iran
1339:Asia
1268:Igbo
1239:Mali
263:Brit
172:and
170:Jews
5659:God
4012:doi
3972:PMC
3964:doi
3901:PMC
3893:doi
3786:".
3419:ŽAS
3197:by
3129:),
3092:sin
2953:Mir
2784:or
2622:).
2082:Art
433:Tur
225:613
6319::
4226::
4216::
4116:,
4099:,
4026:.
4018:.
4006:.
3980:,
3970:,
3960:68
3958:,
3931:.
3909:.
3899:.
3881:75
3879:.
3875:.
3762:^
3708:.
3641:.
3524:lt
3511:lt
3498:lt
3479:lt
3460:lt
3441:lt
3413:lt
3391:lt
3372:lt
3307:.
3249:.
3163:.
3081:).
3079:ei
2983:.
2971:,
2967:,
2955:,
2951:,
2947:,
2910:,
2906:,
2902:,
2898:,
2894:,
2740:.
2675:.
2557:,
2553:,
2537::
2525::
2509:c.
700:,
694:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
164:on
148:,
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
5140:)
5136:(
4656:e
4649:t
4642:v
4272:e
4265:t
4258:v
4184:.
4165:.
4140:.
4058:.
4034:.
4014::
4008:9
3966::
3942:.
3917:.
3895::
3860:.
3838:.
3769:"
3719:.
3691:"
3681:.
3656:.
3627:.
3295:/
3220:)
3214:(
3209:)
3205:(
3191:.
3067:.
2751:(
2613:(
2533:(
2521:(
2514:.
2488:e
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2474:v
1322:)
1318:(
1270:)
1266:(
744:)
740:(
706:)
689:(
682:)
677:(
668:)
648:(
591:)
580:(
570:)
559:(
227:)
212:)
34:.
20:)
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