655:
Treasury officials said they sought to seize the proceeds that were being funneled into the accounts of corrupt
Venezuelan officials and hold them for a possible future government in Venezuela. A month later, on 17 May 2018, the Colombian government seized more than 25,000 CLAP boxes containing about 400 tons of decomposing food, which was destined for distribution to the Venezuelan public. The Colombian government said they were investigating shell companies and money laundering related to CLAP operations, and claimed the shipment was to be used to buy votes during the
543:
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406:, affirmed that "it is normal" that there is food diversion in the CLAP "due to the economic war". By December 2017, the police arrested 180 people for diversion of products such as food from CLAP and drugs for chronic diseases; the detainees included businessmen, policemen and members of the CLAP. Among the most notable cases are the seizure of 30 tons of CLAP food and drugs that an organized group had diverted for resale in
252:
457:, Chief Prosecutor of Venezuela from 2007 to 2017 revealed that President Maduro had profited from the food crisis. CLAP made contracts with Group Grand Limited, a Mexican entity owned by Maduro through frontmen Rodolfo Reyes, Álvaro Uguedo Vargas and Alex Saab. Group Grand Limited would sell foodstuffs to CLAP and receive government funds.
805:, “The corruption network that operates the CLAP program has allowed Maduro and his family members to steal from the Venezuelan people. They use food as a form of social control, to reward political supporters and punish opponents, all the while pocketing hundreds of millions of dollars through a number of fraudulent schemes.”
635:, a Venezuelan investigation journalism website. It reports on all matters that contribute to the crisis in Venezuela, including corruption in other countries. One report on Mexican exploitation by overpricing CLAP boxes sold to the Venezuelan government even as it was filling them with expired food products won the website the
733:
Another report by
Armando.info in January 2020 revealed that seven deputies - including Luis Parra, José Brito, Adolfo Superlano, Chaim Bucaram, Conrado Pérez and Richard Arteaga - travelled in Spring 2019 through seven European countries, including Liechtenstein, Bulgaria and Portugal, to lobby for
654:
officials stated that they had collaborated with
Colombian officials to investigate corrupt import programs of the Maduro administration including CLAP. They explained that Venezuelan officials pocketed 70% of the proceeds allocated for importation programs destined to alleviate hunger in Venezuela.
424:
The beneficiaries of the committees have denounced and protested the delay in the delivery of the CLAP boxes, in some cases receiving them with price increases without prior notice. CLAP was also criticized by the beneficiaries and even by leaders This is a politicized mechanism that excludes people
242:
For the formation of a CLAP, the communities must organize around their communal councils, choose responsible people and carry out a census that specifies the number of families that live in that territory. With the data collected, the number of bags or boxes of food needed to supply all households
435:
politician Ismael León, denounced the purchase of imported and expired food, that most of the food products imported by the government do not have the sanitary permit and corruption caused by public officials, declaring that "there are soldiers involved and even detained and there are colonels and
225:
In addition to this, in accordance with what is stated in article 9 of the
Official Gazette 6227, CLAPs can be "assigned functions of surveillance and organization to the Local Supply and Distribution Committees (CLAP), the Communal Councils and other organizations. of the People's Power, together
670:
web portal, who have published research papers in which they point to Saab as an alleged member of acts of corruption that would exist around the business and distribution of food for the CLAP. In the document that is addressed to the journalist
Roberto Deniz and signed by the general director of
678:
On 18 October 2018, Mexican prosecutors accused the
Venezuelan government and Mexican individuals of buying poor quality food products for CLAP and exporting them to Venezuela, doubling their value for sale. Suspects investigated by the Mexican government offered to pay $ 3 million to the United
750:
On 18 July 2019, Mexico's
Ministry of Finance froze bank accounts of 19 companies related to the sale of low quality and over-priced food to the Venezuelan government's CLAP program, which were aimed at the poorest population. Moreover, the ministry has opened an investigation relating to money
243:
is counted and the request is made to the
Ministry of Popular Power for Food (MINAL), the body in charge of distribution. When the products arrive, which are paid at subsidized prices, the people in charge of the CLAP distribute them through bags and make the delivery family by family.
2408:"#COMUNICADO Venezuela denuncia ante la comunidad internacional la reiterada práctica de terrorismo económico por parte del gobierno de EEUU contra el pueblo venezolano, al anunciar medidas cuyo fin criminal es privar a todos los venezolanos de su derecho a la alimentación"
690:
investigation finding that the government paid US$ 42 for food that cost under US$ 13, and that "Maduro's inner circle kept the difference, which totaled more than $ 200 million in at least one case," adding that food boxes were "distributed in exchange for votes."
183:
published a report in which they considered that the CLAP program did not meet certain standards related to the right to adequate food, in addition the lack of control in the program was documented and its use as a tool for political propaganda and social control.
808:
The Maduro government rejected the sanctions, calling it sign of “desperation” by “the gringo empire.” President Maduro said "Imperialists, prepare for more defeats, because the CLAP in
Venezuela will continue, no one takes the CLAP away from the people.” A
386:
published a report where it considered that the CLAPs did not comply with certain norms related to the right to adequate food access, and documented both the lack of scrutiny and its use as a tool as a tool of political propaganda and social control.
1978:
827:
expanded sanctions on 16 entities (from
Colombia, Italy and Panama) and 3 individuals, accusing them of enabling President Nicolás Maduro and his illegitimate regime to corruptly profit from imports of food aid and distribution in Venezuela.
358:, as well as the warehouses of each locality and the commercializing company Makro. The Ministry of Municipalities is in charge of certifying and registering all duly organized CLAPs in order to optimize their relationship with suppliers.
511:
Guaidó characterized this announcement as a cynical joke, saying, "... to mock the Venezuelan's people's needs in this way, you have to be very cynical" to take Venezuelan food to Colombia during Venezuela's humanitarian crisis.
168:) are food distribution committees promoted by the Venezuelan government in which the communities themselves supply and distribute the priority foods through a house-to-house delivery method. It was established in 2016 by President
815:
from the Venezuelan foreign ministry "denounces the repeated practice of economic terrorism by the US government against the Venezuelan people, announcing measures whose criminal purpose is to deprive all Venezuelans of their
475:
cautioned that the Maduro government had plans to steal the products for humanitarian purposes that entered the country, including plans to distribute these products through the government's food distribution program CLAP.
176:. The committees have been subject of complaints about corruption, political use, delays, poor food quality and price increases without prior warning. This service is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Popular Power for Food.
734:
Saenz. The trip was organised by Eurocontinentes Travel Agency, in Bogotá, Colombia, co-owned by Iván Caballero Ferreira, a businessman closely linked to Saab and Pulido. Images of the Venezuelan deputies in Europe were
217:
According to Article 2 of the Decree of State of Exception and Economic Emergency published in the Official Gazette of Venezuela #6227, the CLAP are responsible for "the guarantee, even through intervention of the
721:
government. Parra has denied the accusations. After the investigation was published, the deputies Luis Parra, José Brito, Conrado Pérez and José Gregorio Noriega were suspended and expelled from their parties
671:
CONATEL, Vianey Miguel Rojas "prohibits citizens Roberto Denis Machín, Joseph Poliszuk, Ewal Carlos Sharfenderg and Alfredo José Meza publish and disseminate through the digital media specifically on the site
950:
1996:
675:, mentions that go against the honor and reputation of the citizen Alex Naím Saab (...) until the end of the present process in the case that is being pursued against the aforementioned citizens".
639:. However, since the report showed weakness in the government, many of the reporters had to flee the country in exile; they continued to investigate and brought the responsible company to trial in
622:" and dedicated to selling food to the CLAP. Saab would have met Álvaro Pulido in 2012, when he was dedicated to supplying the Saab company, but this activity would have stopped doing it in 2014.
447:
that they had to justify why they refused to vote in the election and they were removed from service because they abstained and threatened to lose pensions because they did not update the
3390:
2652:
1812:
1383:
Guaidó no dio más detalles de su denuncia pero sí agregó que, además, el chavismo "planea robar" la ayuda humanitaria que está recolectando con colaboración de la comunidad internacional.
1304:
1630:
1002:
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884:
383:
180:
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broadcast a video in which boxes are opened in one of the CLAP collection centers and several products to fill others, a situation that has been denounced in the state of
1476:
1555:
1950:
1366:
2378:
618:, named Alex Saab as the owner of the Mexican firm Group Grand Limited, 26 along with Colombian businessmen Álvaro Pulido and Rofolfo Reyes, "presumably President
1062:
4210:
3375:
2166:
2637:
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said the government would distribute 20,000 boxes of subsidized food from the Local Committees for Supply and Production (CLAP) to the poor residents of
1580:
2667:
1762:
758:
417:, the military is left with 80% of the CLAP's imports, who received full control to manage the distribution of food in Venezuela in July 2016 through the
2020:
210:, the government-operated Local Supply and Production Committees (CLAP) that provides food to Venezuelans in need, are a "political instrument to defend
1035:
1855:
1336:
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who do not support the government and criticized for delays in distribution, for not distributing enough food and distributing food that has expired.
2086:
1710:
1210:
2140:
2122:
2104:
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1247:
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1605:
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announced that from that day, the Local Supply and Production Committees (CLAP) would be created at the national level. According to the
1006:
4017:
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1020:
501:
4285:
3313:
2923:
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663:
1873:
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968:
824:
755:
651:
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2701:
2559:
497:
2457:
1080:
4052:
3266:
3001:
2895:
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1922:
889:"Violaciones de los derechos humanos en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela: una espiral descendente que no parece tener fin"
1276:
3385:
3054:
2949:
2806:
2780:
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656:
4305:
4195:
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There have been several complaints of CLAP boxes that are missing some products that should regularly come in the package.
1424:
391:, a Venezuelan human rights group, described CLAPs as "a form of food discrimination that is exacerbating social unrest".
234:(PNB), State and Municipal Police Corps, to maintain public order and guarantee security and sovereignty in the country."
4007:
2991:
2816:
2278:
376:
2169:[United States: Maduro sistematically violates human rights and dignity of Venezuelans] (in Spanish). El Pitazo.
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said that the world would know little of the recent turmoil in Venezuela if not for the "in-depth reports" published by
4153:
4057:
2986:
2785:
2757:
2622:
1813:"Lo malo para el pueblo y lo bueno para el régimen: En San Cristóbal encontraron restos de plástico en harina del CLAP"
2549:
1098:
982:
379:(PSUV) were provided food, while government critics and Venezuelan opposition supporters were denied access to goods.
2900:
2522:
683:
4300:
4225:
3400:
3349:
3163:
2706:
3370:
500:
on 22 and 23 February. The slogan for the concert is "Nothing for war, hands off Venezuela". Information Minister
4105:
4064:
3989:
2662:
915:"Venezuela Denying Food Aid to Opponents, Stealing Toys for Christmas, Introducing 20,000-Bolivar Note Worth $ 5"
556:
3489:
2068:
1229:
222:
and citizen security organs for the correct distribution and commercialization of food and basic necessities."
4027:
3241:
3087:
2721:
2564:
2554:
468:
3797:
3656:
914:
295:. Sometimes they can vary so much in types of products and/or quantity. The price established by the boxes is
4259:
4170:
4133:
3044:
2434:
2363:
2304:
2048:
1895:
1367:"Juan Guaidó denunció que el régimen de Nicolás Maduro quiere transferir 1.200 millones de dólares a Uruguay"
687:
428:
1344:
4310:
4290:
2515:
1631:"'It is not the time to shut up': Venezuelan journalists remain in exile as press freedom attacks continue"
650:
On 19 April 2018, after a multilateral meeting between over a dozen European and Latin American countries,
3158:
888:
4118:
3772:
3631:
3519:
3128:
3069:
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203:
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3479:
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2198:
231:
4315:
3832:
4205:
4069:
3932:
3721:
3407:
3148:
3113:
2686:
3651:
3499:
1788:"¿Hasta cuando? Con gusanos y gorgojos entregaron alimentos CLAP a habitantes de Tocuyito Ver Vídeo"
342:
announced that the price of a CLAP box would increase to Bs.S 9,000 due to the high transfer costs.
4295:
3867:
3767:
3524:
3395:
3380:
3354:
3256:
3198:
3011:
2996:
2837:
3927:
3616:
3178:
3173:
1230:"Para darnos el Clap nos hicieron justificar por escrito por qué no votamos para la Constituyente"
3907:
3596:
3251:
2849:
2607:
2167:"Estados Unidos: Maduro viola sistemáticamente los derechos humanos y la dignidad de venezolanos"
1737:
847:
207:
118:
3807:
2801:
2359:"Treasury Disrupts Corruption Network Stealing From Venezuela's Food Distribution Program, CLAP"
2305:"México congela cuentas de 19 empresas y personas que vendieron alimentos al Gobierno de Maduro"
951:"Lea el Decreto de Estado de Excepción y de la Emergencia Económica publicado en Gaceta Oficial"
555:
The CLAPs have been criticized for distributing food of low quality. A joint report between the
4074:
3872:
3463:
3193:
2918:
2691:
883:
862:
842:
710:
700:
546:
371:
Since its introduction to the public, there were allegations that only supporters of President
193:
173:
3183:
3059:
311:
Some of the products are made in Venezuela. However, most are imported from countries such as
4230:
4089:
3922:
3691:
2954:
2646:
2597:
1252:
211:
2944:
2632:
1211:"¡Indignante! Denuncian que algunos alimentos importados de bolsas Clap los venden vencidos"
332:
300:
296:
4235:
4163:
4012:
4002:
3621:
3484:
3168:
3064:
2890:
2462:
2411:
2123:"Conatel protege a Alex Saab y censura a medios que informen sobre caso de corrupción CLAP"
2025:
852:
786:
599:
508:
in Colombia, and that free medical attention would be given to Colombians and Venezuelans.
328:
4252:
3787:
3641:
1529:
666:(CONATEL) banned the publication of information about Alex Saab to the journalists of the
615:
454:
8:
4158:
3329:
3308:
3246:
2592:
2538:
1983:
1277:"Venezuela's ex-prosecutor Luisa Ortega accuses Maduro of profiting from nation's hunger"
1040:
837:
1425:"Richard Branson faces competition from Maduro with rival concert on Venezuela's border"
933:"Éstas son las nuevas atribuciones de los CLAP, según el Decreto de Estado de Excepción"
4215:
3957:
3902:
3696:
3671:
3586:
3556:
3334:
3292:
3143:
3133:
3006:
2711:
2173:
489:
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3917:
3676:
3626:
3581:
3442:
2358:
413:
According to Felipe Pérez Martí, a government minister during the first government of
3887:
3877:
3812:
3571:
2429:
2407:
1988:
1763:"Alimentos del Clap con gorgojos: así llegan las bolsas a comunidad de Nueva Esparta"
1504:"Gobierno de Maduro anunció "gran concierto" bajo el lema 'Manos fuera de Venezuela'"
742:, confirming their visit to countries where Saab has significant business interests.
464:
as a "hunger-for-votes exchange", saying: "Give me your signature, take your CLAP ."
42:
3852:
3551:
3082:
794:
718:
619:
603:
372:
199:
169:
78:
3566:
3561:
3034:
2087:"Conatel prohíbe a periodistas de Armando Info publicar informaciones de Alex Saab"
1738:"Con gusanos y gorgojos entregaron alimentos CLAP a habitantes de Tocuyito (video)"
1534:
1309:
1081:"¡Pendiente! Por esta razón la caja del CLAP llega "incompleta" a tu casa (+Video)"
157:
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3822:
1682:
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mediated in favor of two businessmen linked with the government. Parliamentarian
485:
3817:
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1343:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Catalunya Media Group. January 21, 2017. Archived from
4143:
3912:
3897:
3882:
3842:
3741:
3611:
3606:
2742:
2716:
2253:
1923:"Their reporting on Venezuela's hunger led to exile. Now they're being honored"
1711:"Contratista del CLAP distribuye arroz con gorgojos y pesticida a la población"
1119:"Bernal: "Es normal" las desviaciones en los CLAP debido a la guerra económica"
802:
751:
laundering after detecting "irregularities for more than 150 million dollars."
407:
125:
50:
3762:
3706:
533:
472:
414:
4274:
4200:
4128:
4084:
3736:
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2602:
1992:
1660:
817:
790:
723:
644:
461:
448:
403:
399:
339:
324:
3601:
1874:"¿Quién es Alex Saab, el barranquillero socio de Maduro?date=24 August 2017"
1556:"Gobierno de Maduro anuncia su propio concierto: 'Manos fuera de Venezuela'"
1137:"Felipe Pérez: Militares se quedan con 80% de las importaciones de los CLAP"
969:"Productos de Clap vendrán en cajas y tendrán un valor de Bs.10.000 (VIDEO)"
4175:
4123:
3947:
3782:
3591:
3287:
3188:
3074:
2747:
2379:"U.S. sanctions target food subsidy scam in Venezuela, charges businessman"
1927:
1687:
1281:
857:
727:
706:
672:
667:
632:
560:
492:
by holding its own rival concert on the Venezuelan side of the border with
432:
3952:
3118:
2502:
471:, National Assembly President and disputed interim president of Venezuela
350:
To the distribution mechanism are added the supply networks of the State,
3837:
3827:
3701:
3226:
2497:
1174:"4.200 familias de Charallave denuncian retraso en entrega de cajas Clap"
987:
717:
was accused of being involved in corruption with the CLAP program of the
564:
276:
46:
3746:
1656:"Leche de los Clap no es nutritiva, según investigación de Armando.info"
1581:"Guaidó sobre concierto anunciado por Rodríguez: Hay que ser muy cínico"
1449:"Maduro government and Richard Branson to hold rival Venezuela concerts"
3666:
2430:"Treasury Increases Pressure on Alex Saab and His Network in Venezuela"
2203:
1856:"El chavismo revendió paquetes de comida a los pobres un 112% más caro"
1248:"Maduro podría ser dueño de empresa méxicana distribuidora de los CLAP"
1155:"A un año de los CLAP se entregan bolsas incompletas y con menos kilos"
1103:
739:
735:
714:
395:
2507:
2492:
1477:"Venezuela stages own concerts in response to Branson's Live Aid show"
627:
4138:
3261:
2832:
1715:
798:
766:
607:
595:
108:
95:
2105:"Prohibieron a periodistas de Armando.info publicar sobre Alex Saab"
2069:"Cuatro periodistas huyen de Caracas y se unen al exilio venezolano"
505:
4110:
2612:
2458:"US sanctions Italy, Panama and Colombia firms over Venezuela ties"
793:) linked to the CLAP program, which includes stepsons of President
762:
640:
493:
284:
2021:"Millonaria incautación de comida con gorgojo que iba a Venezuela"
4220:
4032:
2487:
2415:
2383:
2309:
2230:
2176:(Press release). United States Department of State. 15 April 2019
2053:
1955:
1481:
1063:"Denuncian venta incompleta de bolsas de alimentos en Anzoátegui"
811:
576:
572:
444:
264:
89:
1606:"Guaidó considera 'una burla' que Maduro lleve ayuda a Colombia"
1021:"El nuevo costo de las cajas Clap que hará llorar a tu bolsillo"
2811:
2333:"Mexico Freezes 19 Bank Accounts Over Food Scam with Venezuela"
885:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
782:
778:
774:
583:
568:
567:
supplied by the CLAP was not nutritious, having high levels of
443:
on 30 July 2017, there were complaints in the neighborhoods of
388:
384:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
351:
320:
316:
312:
1979:"US officials: 16 nations agree to track Venezuela corruption"
1838:"Barranquillero Álex Saab es socio de Maduro: exfiscal Ortega"
1530:"Venezuela's Maduro to throw concert rivaling Richard Branson"
1396:"Venezuela's Maduro to stage concert rivaling Richard Branson"
4148:
2141:"Mexico prosecutors find fraud in Venezuela food aid program"
1951:"U.S., Colombian probe targets Venezuela food import program"
770:
611:
355:
288:
280:
268:
139:
1305:"Venezuela's ousted prosecutor accuses Maduro of corruption"
1193:"Varguenses protestaron por demora y costos de la caja CLAP"
251:
3994:
2254:"Siete países para siete diputados en defensa de Alex Saab"
292:
272:
260:
16:
Government-sponsored food distribution program in Venezuela
1003:"Alimentos llegaron de México para repartirse en los CLAP"
479:
1337:"La crítica de Leonardo Padrón al "carnet de la patria""
3376:
Law against Fascism, Neofascism and Similar Expressions
2226:"Venezuela: denuncian a siete diputados de corrupción"
983:"Este lunes arranca el cobro de cajas CLAP a Bs.S 100"
614:. On 23 August 2017, the Venezuelan attorney general,
582:
Consumers likewise have complained about finding from
366:
2049:"Maduro silencia a los medios digitales en Venezuela"
598:
has sold food to Venezuela for more than 200 million
547:
Video depicting a CLAP bag with products with weevils
460:
Writer Leonardo Padrón described the program and the
1977:
Goodman, Joshua; Alonso Lugo, Luis (19 April 2018).
1036:"How 'food apartheid' is punishing some Venezuelans"
534:
Video depicting flour distributed by CLAP with worms
436:
sergeants whom they have found with boxes of food."
259:
Some of the products included in the CLAP boxes are
2174:"Nicolas Maduro: Corruption and chaos in Venezuela"
1099:"¿Te llegó fallo el Clap? Esta es la razón (Video)"
1976:
1471:
1469:
801:. According to a statement by Treasury Secretary
327:, which are paid by the Venezuelan government in
4272:
2296:
2246:
1422:
303:100, and the delivery must be made every month.
2405:
2351:
2271:
2164:
1893:
1466:
361:
2422:
2218:
1388:
3139:Statute Governing the Transition to Democracy
2855:Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act
2523:
1441:
441:2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election
228:National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela
220:National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela
30:
2279:"Geolocating Venezuelan Lawmakers In Europe"
1418:
1416:
2371:
2158:
1527:
1171:
586:and worms to plastic crumbs and pesticide.
162:Comité Local de Abastecimiento y Producción
154:Local Committees for Supply and Production
32:Comité Local de Abastecimiento y Producción
4211:International Criminal Court investigation
4080:Local Committees for Supply and Production
2530:
2516:
1548:
709:published an investigation reporting that
130:Ministry of Popular Power for Food (MINAL)
20:Local Committees for Supply and Production
1920:
1623:
1413:
1302:
1227:
912:
664:National Commission of Telecommunications
652:United States Department of the Treasury
331:to exchange rate that equals US$ 1 = 10
250:
3340:Unitary Platform presidential primaries
3040:Presidential campaign of Nicolás Maduro
2537:
2046:
1172:Battistelli, Rosanna (18 August 2018).
345:
4273:
2638:Economic policies under Nicolás Maduro
2302:
1948:
1033:
198:On 3 April 2016, Venezuelan president
3222:National Assembly leadership election
2876:Colombian diplomatic/migration crisis
2633:Devaluation of the Venezuelan bolívar
2511:
2193:
2191:
2015:
2013:
1889:
1887:
1708:
1573:
1190:
738:by open source investigative website
657:2018 Venezuelan presidential election
602:in a negotiation signed by President
181:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
4196:Enforced disappearances in Venezuela
3995:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
2047:Moleiro, Alonso (3 September 2018).
1274:
1034:Zuñiga, Mariana (10 December 2016).
879:
877:
825:United States Department of Treasury
761:on 10 people and 13 companies (from
756:United States Department of Treasury
694:
306:
4008:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
2560:History of Venezuela (1999–present)
2199:"¿Quién es el diputado Luis Parra?"
1894:Martínez, Ibsen (23 October 2018).
1303:Prengaman, Peter (23 August 2017).
1228:Sarmiento, Mabel (11 August 2017).
484:The Maduro government responded to
377:United Socialist Party of Venezuela
367:Political and social discrimination
338:In June 2019, National Coordinator
13:
2758:III National Assembly of Venezuela
2677:Interventions of political parties
2188:
2010:
1914:
1884:
913:Krayewski, Ed (16 December 2016).
498:Simón Bolívar International Bridge
14:
4327:
2901:IV National Assembly of Venezuela
2481:
2406:Jorge Arreaza M (25 July 2019).
2303:Zerega, Georgina (18 July 2019).
2207:(in European Spanish). 2020-01-05
2165:Altuve, Armando (15 April 2019).
1949:Campos, Rodrigo (19 April 2018).
874:
684:United States Department of State
682:An April 2019 statement from the
4286:2016 establishments in Venezuela
4226:Political prisoners in Venezuela
3271:V National Assembly of Venezuela
2707:States of emergency in Venezuela
971:(in Spanish). December 19, 2016.
606:through a registered company in
541:
528:
4106:Organization of American States
4065:Bolivarian Intelligence Service
3990:Union of South American Nations
2550:Protests against Nicolás Maduro
2450:
2399:
2325:
2133:
2115:
2097:
2079:
2061:
2040:
1970:
1942:
1866:
1848:
1830:
1805:
1780:
1755:
1730:
1702:
1675:
1648:
1598:
1521:
1496:
1423:Gibbs, Alexandra (2019-02-19).
1359:
1329:
1296:
1268:
1240:
1221:
1203:
1184:
1165:
1147:
1129:
1111:
1091:
1073:
1055:
557:Central University of Venezuela
549:- Noticias Todos Ahora, Twitter
335:, which guarantees low prices.
4028:Agencia Venezolana de Noticias
3174:Death of Rafael Acosta Arévalo
3109:Inauguration of Nicolás Maduro
2555:Venezuelan presidential crisis
1691:(in Spanish). 18 February 2018
1402:. Associated Press. 2019-02-19
1027:
1013:
995:
975:
961:
943:
925:
906:
469:Venezuelan presidential crisis
1:
4260:Bolivarian Revolution in film
4058:Constituent National Assembly
3371:Detention of Rocío San Miguel
3002:Death of Carlos Andrés García
2975:Constituent Assembly election
2435:US Department of the Treasury
2364:US Department of the Treasury
1921:Wyss, Jim (2 November 2018).
1373:(in Spanish). 4 February 2019
1191:López, Luis (21 March 2018).
991:(in Spanish). 1 October 2018.
868:
589:
480:"Hands off Venezuela" concert
419:Gran Mision Soberano y Seguro
4171:National Assembly (majority)
3184:Death of Juan Carlos Márquez
3159:Disappearance of Gilber Caro
3154:Detention of Roberto Marrero
2871:Detention of Antonio Ledezma
1275:Wyss, Jim (23 August 2017).
1256:(in Spanish). 23 August 2017
1023:(in Spanish). June 14, 2019.
797:and a Colombian businessman
745:
362:Criticisms and controversies
7:
4306:Discrimination in Venezuela
4119:Democratic Unity Roundtable
4048:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
4018:People's Electoral Movement
3070:Detention of Juan Requesens
2960:Caracas helicopter incident
2850:Detention of Leopoldo López
2738:Colombian diplomatic crisis
2687:Refugee crisis and diaspora
2414:) (in Spanish) – via
1709:Reyes, Pedro (2020-07-31).
1683:"La mala leche de los CLAP"
831:
625:Spanish national newspaper
255:A food box provided by CLAP
246:
237:
204:Vice President of Venezuela
10:
4332:
4053:National Electoral Council
2924:Recall referendum movement
1528:Henao, Luis (2019-02-18).
1313:. ABC News. Archived from
823:On 17 September 2019, the
698:
662:On 11 September 2018, the
515:
232:Bolivarian National Police
191:
187:
4244:
4206:Human rights in Venezuela
4188:
4098:
4070:Bolivarian National Guard
3982:
3975:
3755:
3544:
3537:
3472:
3456:
3427:
3420:
3363:
3322:
3314:Recall referendum project
3301:
3280:
3214:
3164:30 April uprising attempt
3114:Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
3101:
3088:Tumeremo massacre (third)
3027:
2937:
2919:Tumeremo massacre (first)
2911:
2863:
2825:
2794:
2768:
2730:
2702:State-sponsored terrorism
2580:
2573:
2545:
2029:(in Spanish). 17 May 2018
540:
527:
522:
375:, the government and the
134:
124:
114:
102:
84:
74:
56:
38:
24:
4154:Movimiento al Socialismo
4038:Venezolana de Televisión
3381:Bulla Loca mine disaster
3124:Humanitarian aid mission
3093:2018 protests (timeline)
3083:Murder of Fernando Albán
3050:Panama diplomatic crisis
2997:Attack on Fort Paramacay
2970:National Assembly attack
2945:Detention of Gilber Caro
2929:2016 protests (timeline)
2886:2015 protests (timeline)
2260:(in Spanish). 2020-01-19
1819:(in Spanish). 2021-08-20
1794:(in Spanish). 2021-04-15
1769:(in Spanish). 2021-07-22
1744:(in Spanish). 2021-04-13
1664:(in Spanish). 2018-02-18
1612:(in Spanish). 2019-02-18
1587:(in Spanish). 2019-02-18
1562:(in Spanish). 2019-02-18
1510:(in Spanish). 2019-02-18
679:Nations refugee agency.
536:- El Carabobeño, YouTube
4301:Corruption in Venezuela
3391:international reactions
3350:Guyana–Venezuela crisis
3144:Murder of Alí Domínguez
2743:Death of Franklin Brito
2668:International sanctions
2618:Crimes against humanity
848:Corruption in Venezuela
402:. National coordinator
119:Government of Venezuela
4075:Mission Barrio Adentro
3421:Deaths during protests
3267:Parliamentary election
3262:Detention of Alex Saab
3189:Murder of Edmundo Rada
2896:Parliamentary election
2753:Parliamentary election
843:Shortages in Venezuela
594:Colombian businessman
256:
194:Shortages in Venezuela
174:shortages in Venezuela
31:
4231:Revolving door effect
3386:Presidential election
3237:Barquisimeto shooting
3179:Attack of Rufo Chacón
3075:Economic reforms and
3055:Presidential election
2955:Mother of All Marches
2950:Constitutional crisis
2807:Presidential election
2781:Presidential election
2647:Zulia energy collapse
2598:Bolivarian Revolution
754:On 25 July 2019, the
686:highlighted the 2017
329:United States dollars
254:
62:; 8 years ago
4236:Torture in Venezuela
4164:Agreement for Change
4044:State organizations
4003:Great Patriotic Pole
3808:María Corina Machado
3485:Juan Pablo Pernalete
3408:Widespread blackouts
3227:Death of Addy Valero
3169:Acarigua prison riot
3149:Widespread blackouts
3065:Caracas drone attack
2891:Narcosobrinos affair
2802:Death of Hugo Chávez
2722:Coronavirus pandemic
2463:Agence France-Presse
2129:. 12 September 2018.
2111:. 11 September 2018.
2093:. 11 September 2018.
853:Economy of Venezuela
787:United Arab Emirates
711:nine parliamentaries
705:On 1 December 2019,
346:Distribution network
4311:Bolivarian missions
4291:Crisis in Venezuela
4159:Progressive Advance
4085:Carnet de la Patria
3355:El Palito oil spill
3330:Anti-Solidarity Law
3257:El Palito oil spill
3247:Guanare prison riot
3060:El Paraíso stampede
2992:Municipal elections
2817:Municipal elections
2653:Human rights abuses
2593:Bolivarian missions
2539:Crisis in Venezuela
2466:. 18 September 2019
2438:. 17 September 2019
1984:The Washington Post
1347:on January 24, 2017
1217:. 22 February 2017.
1107:. 29 November 2017.
1087:. 30 November 2017.
1069:. 2 September 2017.
1041:The Washington Post
838:Crisis in Venezuela
172:in response to the
21:
4245:In popular culture
4216:Orinoco Mining Arc
4115:Political parties
3999:Political parties
3773:C. Alcalá Cordones
3632:C. Alcalá Cordones
3335:Barbados Agreement
3134:Venezuela Aid Live
3007:Law against Hatred
2987:Regional elections
2786:Regional elections
2712:Catatumbo campaign
2692:Resource shortages
2663:Illegal drug trade
2234:. 20 December 2019
2075:. 7 February 2018.
1125:. 11 January 2017.
571:and low levels of
490:Venezuela Aid Live
382:In June 2018, the
257:
208:Aristóbulo Istúriz
179:In June 2018, the
60:April 3, 2016
19:
4281:2016 in Venezuela
4268:
4267:
4184:
4183:
4134:Democratic Action
3971:
3970:
3533:
3532:
3490:Armando Cañizales
3416:
3415:
3242:COVID-19 pandemic
3194:Operación Alacrán
2565:COVID-19 pandemic
2147:. 18 October 2018
2091:Noticiero Digital
2073:El Mundo (Espana)
1880:. 24 August 2017.
1862:. 26 August 2017.
1860:La Razon (Espana)
1844:. 23 August 2017.
1792:Caiga Quien Caiga
1317:on 24 August 2017
1143:. 4 January 2017.
894:. pp. 66, 67
863:Operación Alacrán
759:imposed sanctions
701:Operación Alacrán
695:Operación Alacrán
688:National Assembly
637:ICFJ Knight Prize
616:Luisa Ortega Díaz
553:
552:
455:Luisa Ortega Díaz
429:National Assembly
307:Imported products
150:
149:
43:Food distribution
4323:
3980:
3979:
3652:V. Padrino López
3622:C. Mata Figueroa
3617:N. Maduro Guerra
3576:arrested in 2024
3542:
3541:
3520:David Vallenilla
3425:
3424:
3401:political crisis
3252:Operation Gideon
3035:El Junquito raid
2697:State protectors
2578:
2577:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2488:Official Website
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:Venezuela al Dia
2119:
2113:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1995:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:Associated Press
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1310:Associated Press
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1161:. 12 March 2017.
1151:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:. Archived from
999:
993:
992:
979:
973:
972:
965:
959:
958:
947:
941:
940:
929:
923:
922:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
893:
881:
579:of normal milk.
545:
544:
532:
531:
520:
519:
146:
143:
141:
70:
68:
63:
34:
22:
18:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4296:Social programs
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4240:
4180:
4139:Un Nuevo Tiempo
4094:
3967:
3751:
3672:H. Rangel Silva
3529:
3505:Orlando Figuera
3495:Miguel Castillo
3468:
3452:
3448:Geraldin Moreno
3443:Génesis Carmona
3435:Bassil Da Costa
3412:
3359:
3318:
3297:
3276:
3210:
3097:
3023:
2933:
2907:
2881:Resolution 8610
2859:
2821:
2790:
2764:
2726:
2588:Economic crisis
2569:
2541:
2536:
2484:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2439:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:. 25 July 2019.
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1538:
1526:
1522:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1226:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1189:
1185:
1170:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1001:
1000:
996:
981:
980:
976:
967:
966:
962:
949:
948:
944:
931:
930:
926:
911:
907:
897:
895:
891:
882:
875:
871:
834:
748:
703:
697:
592:
542:
529:
523:External videos
518:
502:Jorge Rodríguez
486:Richard Branson
482:
449:Fatherland Card
369:
364:
348:
309:
249:
240:
196:
190:
138:
105:
98:
92:
66:
64:
61:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4316:Nicolás Maduro
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Come Venezuela
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4024:Media outlets
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:Rafael Ramírez
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:L. Ortega Díaz
3785:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:L. Ortega Díaz
3639:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Nicolás Maduro
3548:
3546:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3309:Arauca clashes
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
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2717:Pemon conflict
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2704:
2699:
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2689:
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2679:
2674:
2672:U.S. sanctions
2665:
2660:
2658:Hyperinflation
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2482:External links
2480:
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2398:
2387:. 25 July 2019
2370:
2350:
2339:. 19 July 2019
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2009:
1969:
1941:
1913:
1896:"Armando.Info"
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1009:on 2017-02-27.
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803:Steven Mnuchin
795:Nicolas Maduro
747:
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719:Nicolás Maduro
699:Main article:
696:
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620:Nicolás Maduro
604:Nicolás Maduro
591:
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575:only 1/41 the
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212:the revolution
200:Nicolás Maduro
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4201:Guaire miners
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4129:Justice First
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3976:Organizations
3974:
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3958:J. P. Guanipa
3956:
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3933:M. C. Figuera
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3908:V. S. Scarano
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3572:T. El Aissami
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3547:
3543:
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3525:Xiomara Scott
3523:
3521:
3518:
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3515:Fabián Urbina
3513:
3511:
3510:Neomar Lander
3508:
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3480:Paola Ramírez
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3293:Apure clashes
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3199:2019 protests
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3045:Valencia fire
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3015:
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3012:2017 protests
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2838:2014 protests
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2776:Amuay tragedy
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2648:
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2643:Energy crisis
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2603:Bolivarianism
2601:
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2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Official Blog
2491:
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2074:
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2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
1999:on 2018-04-19
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1973:
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1957:
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1742:El Carabobeño
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1661:Efecto Cocuyo
1657:
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1560:El Espectador
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1215:El Cooperante
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957:(in Spanish).
956:
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939:(in Spanish).
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887:(June 2018).
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818:right to food
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724:Justice First
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645:United States
643:and put on a
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462:homeland card
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404:Freddy Bernal
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340:Freddy Bernal
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325:United States
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59:
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48:
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37:
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29:
23:
4251:
4176:Capitolio TV
4124:Popular Will
4079:
3953:J. J. Rendón
3943:D. Solórzano
3923:A. Velásquez
3918:J. Torrealba
3903:H. Salas Feo
3888:R. Requesens
3883:J. Requesens
3692:I. Rodríguez
3682:J. Rodríguez
3677:D. Rodríguez
3464:Kluivert Roa
3288:La Vega raid
3077:Viernes Rojo
3076:
2748:PDVAL affair
2682:Negotiations
2470:30 September
2468:. Retrieved
2461:
2452:
2442:30 September
2440:. Retrieved
2433:
2424:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2362:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:Havana Times
2336:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
2313:(in Spanish)
2308:
2298:
2287:. Retrieved
2285:. 2020-01-21
2282:
2273:
2262:. Retrieved
2257:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2209:. Retrieved
2202:
2178:. Retrieved
2171:Referencing
2160:
2149:. Retrieved
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2052:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2024:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1982:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:Miami Herald
1926:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1902:(in Spanish)
1899:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1821:. Retrieved
1816:
1807:
1796:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
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1688:Armando.info
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3873:Pérez Vivas
3813:H. Capriles
3768:Óscar Pérez
3763:Juan Guaidó
3756:Anti-Maduro
3627:C. Meléndez
3557:F. Ameliach
3500:Paúl Moreno
3129:Amnesty Law
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1253:El Nacional
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3963:T. Guanipa
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3898:M. Rosales
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3848:A. Ledezma
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3777:since 2013
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3646:until 2017
3636:until 2013
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3597:A. Istúriz
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3582:H. Escarrá
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2623:Corruption
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2283:bellingcat
2264:2020-08-25
2211:2020-01-05
2204:La Patilla
2151:2018-10-21
2033:2018-05-18
2003:2018-04-20
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1842:El Heraldo
1823:2021-10-19
1798:2021-10-19
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299:10,000 or
285:corn flour
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3818:H. Falcón
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