M23 offensive (2022–present)

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forces still held settlements in the direct vicinity of Tshengerero such as Ntamugenga and Rwanguba, including the latter's important bridge. Fighting shifted to the Runyoni-Rumangabo axis, where clashes were reported at the villages of Kavumu and Bikenge. Meanwhile, an EAC meeting was organized in Nairobi to discuss the diplomatic tensions between the DR Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda as well as the deployment of a new peacekeeping force in reaction to the M23 attacks. The DRC government declared that it would welcome an EAC peacekeeping mission, but only under the condition of Rwanda's exclusion from the operation. The EAC subsequently called on M23 to retreat from Bunagana as precondition for a casefire, but the insurgents rejected the order. Instead, M23 reopened the Bunagana border post under its own administration, whereupon North Kivu's government forbid the import and export of goods through rebel-held territory.

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footage, video recordings, testimonies, and intelligence substantiating the RDF's systematic border incursions. The evidence depicts rows of armed personnel in uniform, operating equipment such as artillery, armored vehicles with radar and anti-aircraft missile systems, and troop transport trucks. It also reveals that children as young as 12 were recruited from "nearly all refugee camps in Rwanda" by intelligence officers through false promises of payment or employment, only to be sent to training camps in the rebel-controlled zone under the supervision of Rwandan soldiers and M23 combatants. On August 5, Nearly a hundred officers of the Congolese national police fled to Uganda as fighting between the M23 rebels and the Congolese army intensified.

2364:. However, instead of replacing the M23 occupation (as previously agreed), the peacekeepers coexisted with the rebels. Such an arrangement was also observed at Rumangabo, where Kenyans and M23 inhabited the same base, and along the Sake-Kilolirwe-Kitshanga-Mwesso axis, where Burundian and rebel forces operated next to each other. In addition, local sources suggested that M23 had begun to arm and train other militias. On 10 April, M23 rebels completely retreated from the Bwito chiefdom in Rutshuru, allowing EAC peacekeepers to move in. On the other side, the insurgents fortified and reinforced their positions in Kibumba, in one case in the direct vicinity to Kenyan EAC troops. 2269:, pledged to assist in the campaign against M23 and other insurgent factions. The arrival of the Burundian peacekeepers received mixed reactions by local civil groups; some welcomed them, some considered the Burundians to be exploitative foreigners, and some took a more neutral stance. Sporadic clashes restarted on 16 August, when rebels, allegedly supported by Rwandan troops, attacked Rwanguba, Rangira, and Muhibira in Rutshuru. The M23 leadership claimed that these operations were in response to FARDC aggression, and declared that it wanted a "dialogue" with the government. On 19 August, M23 shelled FARDC positions at Jomba, Bweza and Busanza. 8125: 744: 706: 531: 520: 507: 496: 485: 474: 457: 199: 2232: 2329:. The victims included 102 men, 17 women and 12 children, each of whom were "arbitrarily executed... as part of reprisals against the civilian population" who were perceived to be aligned with the government. On 23 December, M23 was forced by heavy international pressure to officially hand over Kibumba to the EAC Regional Force. Despite this, their withdrawal was only partial; the insurgents maintained a presence in the town's outskirts. FARDC declared the alleged handover of Kibumba a "sham", intended to distract from M23's attempts to advance in other areas. On 28 December 2022, 2471:(DDR) programme. Previous attempts of M23 at becoming part of this process, including after the 2013 agreement, failed due to considerable opposition by the Congolese public. One of the issues hampering any attempts to achieve M23's complete demobilisation is the fact that several members of the rebel group are known to have committed various war crimes over several years of involvement in insurgencies, even before M23 itself had emerged. This makes their integration into the Congolese security forces or rewarding them with amnesties difficult to justify in the DR Congo. 560: 542: 303: 2136: 2175:. Mboneza's death was later disputed by pro-M23 sources. There was a lull in fighting from 24 to 27 June. Combat resumed on 28 June, as rebels attacked FARDC positions at Bushandaba, Ruseke and the strategic hill of Bikona. Pro-government forces, consisting of the military and police, counter-attacked, and retook the villages of Nkokwe, Ruvumu, Rugarama, Rutakara, Ntamugenga and Rutsiro. On 29 June, the FARDC continued its advance, capturing Kabindi and Chengerero, though M23 militants countered by attacking Rutsiro. 753: 211: 2087:, head of the Ugandan troops involved in Operation Shujaa, for supporting M23. The DR Congo proceeded to terminate the military cooperation with Uganda. The Ugandan government subsequently halted Operation Shujaa, while the Ugandan military claimed that M23's latest attacks did not pose a threat to Ugandan citizens and equipment, making an intervention on their part unnecessary. The local MONUSCO leadership stated that the claims about the Ugandan support for M23 were "nonsense" and called for calm and cooperation. 724: 359: 8456: 39: 276: 224: 331: 8135: 289: 263: 317: 181: 165: 715: 567: 549: 1869:. In early 2022, a growing number of M23 combatants began leaving their camps and move back to the DR Congo; the rebel movement launched more attacks in February 2022, but these were repelled. The M23 leadership argued that parts of their movement had resumed the insurgency because the conditions of the 2013 peace deal were not being honored by the DRC government. The rebels also argued that they were attempting to defend Kivu's 345: 374: 250: 388: 237: 2038: 1795: 2314:

and Mulimbi from the FDLR who they accuse of working with the Congolese army. The Ugandan military said that they would participate in the fight against the M23 joining Kenyan troops. On 18 November, Rwanda declared a ceasefire on behalf of the rebels. By late November, the FARDC had reportedly formed a coalition with several local militias, including FLDR,

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though little progress was made. On 14 July, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni made another attempt at convincing M23 and the Congolese government to organize a ceasefire. Meanwhile, MONUSCO and the FARDC announced that they were shifting forces from other areas to prepare for an operation to fully push M23 back. On 18 July, Congolese government spokesman

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attempted to harvest the crops planted by locals but were confronted by government soldiers. On 2 August, the rebels and FARDC fought at five villages in Rutshuru. In the following weeks, however, a truce held along the frontline. This was condemned by many local civilians who argued that it allowed the rebels to consolidate their territorial gains.

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Kabindi on 16 June, and later claimed that they had recaptured Bunagana. However, the city was reportedly still in rebel hands on the following day, with heavy fighting taking place to its west. M23 reportedly counter-attacked, capturing the town of Tshengerero and the villages of Bugusa, Kabindi and Rangira. The insurgents were advancing on

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overrunning the villages before the FARDC organized a counter-attack. The military was able to retake most of these settlements, though Ruvumu, Buharo, and Rutokara reportedly remained rebel-held. Overall, the pro-government forces generally held their positions, but the rebel assaults increasingly threatened the Matebe-Rwanguba axis.

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The renewed advances of M23 were reportedly part of a plan by Sultani Makenga to cut off and eventually capture Goma, hoping to extract political concessions from the Congolese government in this way. By 18–19 June, the frontline had stabilized along the Rutshuru-Bunagana axis. Combined FARDC-MONUSCO

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territories, collaborating with M23 rebels, with "Kigali exercising significant control over the rebel group's operations." The report estimated that by April, the number of Rwandan troops was "matching if not surpassing" the estimated 3,000 M23 soldiers. It includes authenticated photographs, drone

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In March, continued clashes caused 100,000 civilians to flee their homes. Further attempts to implement a ceasefire, including one organized by Angola, had failed. However, M23 did withdraw from a few villages to hand them over to the EAC Regional Force. At this point, the insurgents controlled much

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By 15 November 2022, M23 had pushed to the towns of Rugari and Tongo clashing with the FARDC. A M23 attack on Kibumba was initially repelled. As the insurgents advanced, hundreds of civilians fled. By 17 November, M23 claimed to have captured the towns of Kibumba, Ruhunda, Buhumba, Kabuhanga, Tongo,

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and the Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi held a meeting on the same day. According to the Congolese side, a ceasefire and the withdrawal of M23 from Congoloese soil was agreed upon. Instead of adhering to this agreement, the rebels attacked Kanyabusoro and Rwanguba on the following day. Over the

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In early August 2022, a report for the UN by independent researchers provided further evidence about Rwandan support for M23, including photos and videos showcasing Rwandan soldiers moving into Congolese territory and M23 troops armed with Rwandan weaponry. In October, a Rwandan soldier surrendered

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stated that, though there was "no certainty" about Rwanda backing the M23 offensive, the rebels' firepower and various frontline reports made Rwandan involvement "very likely". Regardless of Rwanda's possible role in the offensive, analysts cautioned that M23 had never been just a Rwandan pawn, and

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In January, clashes continued even as M23 declared its intention to surrender the Rumangabo military base to the EAC Regional Force. On 18 January Felix Tshisekedi accused the M23 of not withdrawing from the seized territory as agreed. On 24 January a Congolese Su-25 was damaged by ground fire from

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alleged that the rebels had used the protests as cover for attacks, and had been involved in an attack on Moroccan peacekeepers at Nyamilima. One MONUSCO soldier was killed in a direct clash with M23 at Bunagana. On 27 July, fighting between M23 and FARDC resumed at Kabingo, Rutshuru, as the rebels

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to the south. Unlike the previous attack on Bunagana, however, the Ugandan security forces across the border did not intervene and instead retreated from the hills overlooking the town. M23 captured Bunagana on the following day, reportedly after encircling it and thus forcing the local garrison of

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On 6 April, the FARDC rejected any negotiations with the M23 forces based in the DR Congo, and started a counter-attack. Four days later, M23 announced that it would withdraw its troops from any villages captured during the earlier clashes. However, as the fighting raged on, FARDC increasingly lost

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suggested that Makenga's return to an insurgency had started the gradual rearmament and restoration of M23, with Bisimwa's "Revolutionary Army of Congo" joining these efforts in late 2021 by reorganizing its remaining fighters and recruiting new ones in cooperation with Makenga. The headquarters of

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From 19 to 22 June, clashes continued as M23 attempted to break through FARDC defense positions. At first, the rebels assaulted villages along the southern axis, but were repelled at Karambi, Kitagoma and Kitovu, Bweza, and Busanza. They subsequently focused on Bikenge, Ruvumu, Shangi, and Bukima,

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had captured two Rwandan soldiers. On the other side, Rwanda claimed that the DR Congo had fired rockets into its territory, was aided by the FDLR, and had "abducted" the two RDF soldiers. The fighting also stoked local ethnic tensions; North Kivu's deputy police commander, Francois-Xavier Aba van

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who was considered close to M23; Jean-Marie Nyatura's force attempted to capture several villages before being evicted from most of them by its local rivals. After this point, there was again a lull in fighting. Negotiations continued between Rwanda and the DR Congo under international mediation,

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later declared that the fall of Bunagana constituted "no less than an invasion" by Rwanda. Tensions between Rwanda and the DR Congo consequently continued to escalate, as the latter suspended "all agreements" with the former. At this point, two senior Congolese security sources and members of the

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in Uganda. There, they surrendered to the local Ugandan security forces. Many civilians also fled across the border. Later, the commanders of the Bunagana garrison, Colonels Ndyadya and Lobo, and the regional sector commander, Peter Cirimwami Nkuba, accused each other of having given the order to

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In October 2023, the DRC ordered the EAC force in the country to leave by 8 December, due to a "lack of satisfactory results on the ground". On 26 October, the M23 rebels launched an offensive on Bambo, seizing the town. Meanwhile, fighting continued to close in on the city of Goma, with clashes

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killing five soldiers, fighting soon spread to the strategic RN2, four civilians were killed and 40 were injured in the fighting. By 24 October fighting caused more than 23,000 people to flee their homes. the offensive continued along the RN2 highway leading to M23 capturing the towns of Rubare,

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called the "East African Regional Force" to restore security in the eastern DR Congo. Meanwhile, MONUSCO began to prepare its local troops to support the efforts of the Congoloese security forces to retake the city. FARDC troops belonging to operations sector "Sokola 2" launched an attack from

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said that the DRC would not negotiate with M23. On 2 November, Kenya announced that it would send 900 soldiers to fight against the M23. Riots broke out in Goma after rumors of the UN transporting M23, and several UN vehicles were burned by rioting civilians. The UN accounted a "strategic and

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By 2022, M23 was just one of 120 armed groups that operate in the eastern DR Congo. Before March 2022, the Congoloese government made attempts to reinforce its position against the resurgent M23 by sending more troops. However, such measures weakened its presence in other areas, such as those

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in the border area between Rwanda, Uganda, and the DR Congo. Makenga's force launched a minor offensive against the FARDC in 2021; however, this operation achieved little, as M23 no longer enjoyed significant international support. Uganda and the DR Congo had greatly improved their relations,

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also erupted in Goma and other eastern Congolese cities, with civilians attacking MONUSCO members and buildings, accusing the organization of inaction in the face of the ongoing regional rebellions. Protesters, MONUSCO peacekeepers, and bystanders were killed during the clashes.

2008:, Rutshuru Territory, as the latter joined the FARDC in counter-insurgency operations. The rebel leadership declared that the attack was in response to a previous joint FARDC-FDLR operation. From 22 May, the rebels attempted to advance on North Kivu's provincial capital, 2509:

It has been reported that some FARDC soldiers who operate in North Kivu are former FDLR members. A later report for the United Nations by independent researchers stated that the FDLR had begun to fight alongside the FARDC in May, responding to the M23 offensive.

8602: 2290:. Around this time, allegedly Rwandan-equipped Nyatura rebels clashed with FDLR militants at in Rugari. In response to the offensive, the government of the DRC ordered the Rwandan Ambassador to the country, Vincent Karega, to leave within the next 48 hours. 8121: 2357:

of the land north of Goma, while still advancing westward. In late March and early April, M23 rebels vacated a number of villages, though also fought with a rival Nyatura faction during this withdrawal. M23 also kept attacking the FARDC in other areas.

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On 25 May, M23 reached Goma's outskirts, but were repelled by MONUSCO, FARDC, and the FDLR after heavy fighting. The insurgents subsequently retreated, and there was a pause in fighting for the rest of the month. At this point, the FARDC accused the

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to MONUSCO at Kiwanja; the Congolese government regarded this as a further proof of Rwandan support for the rebel offensive. By January 2023, the United States, several European countries, and UN experts believed that Rwanda was supporting M23.

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researcher Onesphore Sematumba argued that claims about Rwandan aid were believable. He suggested that the resurgence of M23 was probably influenced by Rwanda's wish to stop an infrastructure project which would link the DR Congo and Uganda.

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in Rutshuru. Clashes continued at Bikenge and Ruseke on 4 July, as the FARDC repelled M23 assaults. On 6 July, the FARDC reorganized the leadership of the forces opposing M23 to improve their efficiency; in addition, Rwandan President

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from their strongholds at the surrounding hills. The two villages had been important strongholds of the M23 Movement during the 2012–13 rebellion. The rebel attack was reportedly led by Sultani Makenga. The DRC government claimed that

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road by 5 February. The fighting caused many civilians and the Congolese military to flee to the town of Minova, and M23 ended up in control of all routes leading out of Goma. The M23 rebels were advancing on the town of

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M23 forces, reportedly led by Makenga and including the Bisimwa faction, restarted their offensive in May. This operation was reportedly supported by at least 1,000 Rwandan soldiers. According to a local, M23 overran

8432: 7761: 1337: 6859: 1971:. Meanwhile, the M23 fighters temporarily retreated back to their mountain bases, with their first attacks being regarded as a failure. They proclaimed a unilateral ceasefire. One ex-M23 officer told the newspaper 2438:, top UN official for the DRC, described the group as having "conducted itself as a conventional army, rather than an armed group," and warned that the group's capabilities exceeded that of MONUSCO. According to 2829: 8113: 2345:

Rwanda after Rwanda said it violated its airspace. On 27 January M23 captured the city of Kitshanga causing people to flee and take refuge in the nearby UN base. Kitshanga's capture cut off the road linking

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military base. On 7 November, the Congolese military stated they were training 3,000 new recruits to go and fight M23, and soon after began to bomb the rebels with two fighter jets. Rwanda protested that a

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On 4 February 2024, M23 seized the town of Shasha, severing a road linking Goma to outside areas- M23 subsequently seized the towns of Kihindo, Kituva, Bukobati, and Nyamubingwa, and was in control of the

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also accused Uganda of supporting the rebel offensive. The Congolese parliamentarians claimed that the Ugandan retreat before the rebel attack had facilitated the takeover, and specifically singled out

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On 1 July, the FARDC claimed to had won a major victory over M23 and allied Rwandan troops after heavy fighting at Rutsiro, Ntamugenga and Nyabikona, completely evicting the insurgents from the Bweza

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Ang, released a video urging civilians to organize as militiamen to combat M23 in a "people's war". The FARDC also armed existing local militias so that they could assist in the campaign against M23.

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footage, partially explaining the M23 forces' increased professionalism. Congolese researcher Josaphat Musamba concurred, arguing that it was "clear that there is support" behind M23's resurgence.

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by 7 February, causing many in the town to flee to Goma. The town of Sake had been heavily defended by the Congolese government and the forces of MONUSCO over the course of a year.

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The situation was further complicated by the factionalism within M23, as the movement was split into rival groups, namely the "Alliance for the Salvation of the People" headed by

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Anti-Rwandan protests broke out on 31 October in Goma, demanding that the DRC leave the East African Community and that Russia intervene in the conflict. Government spokesman

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that it was entirely unclear what the rebel offensive was trying to achieve, with him speculating that Makenga was possibly hoping for one last battle to die in his homeland.

4284: 3336: 3404: 6497: 8170: 6851: 4410: 3980: 3534: 2392:, "we are ready to fight" against the DRC if necessary, while evading questions about Rwanda's military presence in the region. In July 2024, a report commissioned by the 9618: 6206: 3935: 2821: 5674: 2728: 1967:(UPDF). UPDF ground forces crossed the border, while Ugandan aircraft bombed the rebels. By 1 April, the clashes at Rutshuru had displaced 46,000 locals according to 122: 6124: 4315: 805: 7221: 6001: 5786: 5726: 4763: 4337: 2171:, the FARDC reportedly inflicted a defeat on M23 at the Runyoni frontline around this time, wounding Sultani Makenga and killing another rebel commander, Colonel 8783: 8382: 8046: 8034: 6732: 6102: 5846: 5424: 5124: 2589: 1031: 7014: 6915: 6702: 5043: 4730: 4491: 3002: 2753: 8623: 8029: 7891: 5636: 5364: 5005: 4975: 4581: 4432: 4188: 3439: 3363: 1730: 7166: 6889: 6639: 5544: 5484: 4893: 4521: 2915: 9668: 9658: 9377: 8129: 8063: 6435: 5937: 5756: 2429: 2016:

before it was retaken by the FARDC. According to independent researchers, the insurgents were supported by Rwandan soldiers during the battle for Rumangabo.

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rebel group and been dissatisfied with the conditions of their service. Both the CNDP as well as the March 23 Movement's first rebellion were supported by

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which declared its aim to capture Bwiza from the rebels. Meanwhile, M23 captured several villages and the town of Nyamilima near the Ugandan border.

2304: 2179: 625: 466: 5154: 3647: 3262: 3126: 7073: 3956: 3364:"Le Potentiel : " Paix durable dans l'Est : Félix Tshisekedi : « La voie diplomatique demeure l'option idéale et privilégiée "" 2074: 381: 6031: 3718: 3507: 2674: 9648: 9633: 8180: 6822: 4636: 4462: 1826: 1434: 7191: 7103: 4700: 8700: 8417: 5454: 4025: 3882: 2468: 1878: 392: 7129: 6549: 3750: 1959:, but M23 captured several villages, including Mugingo, Gasiza, Chengerero, Rugamba, Kibote, Baseke and Kabindi. In addition, a UN helicopter 9643: 9638: 8742: 8737: 8547: 8228: 8165: 7886: 7667: 5274: 3037: 1968: 1221: 6669: 6458: 5876: 3786: 3179: 9628: 9623: 8663: 6150: 4146: 3904: 798: 6052: 5967: 3846: 3816: 2487:

Rwandan involvement was first alleged by the DR Congo, a claim which was later substantiated by the findings of researchers tasked by the

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Fighting renewed on 20 October after according to the FARDC, M23 attacked a military post. on 23 October M23 group captured the town of

8491: 6371: 2361: 1956: 4854: 9132: 6254: 6176: 2001: 1935: 1931: 1549: 650: 6519: 4612: 4096: 9540: 9127: 8908: 8719: 8590: 4276: 3328: 2975: 2046: 2005: 1357: 3396: 1996:, but the Bisimwa faction of M23 voluntarily left or was expelled from the negotiations due to the ongoing clashes in North Kivu. 8658: 8324: 7360: 6489: 1462: 791: 4402: 3530: 9535: 9372: 9233: 2378: 889: 378: 7328: 4433:"Prise de Bunagana : " Nous n'avons rien vu, ni entendu que les Ougandais auraient trahi leurs alliées FARDC " (MONUSCO)" 7520: 7505: 6202: 3927: 3302: 3223: 2049:, Rutshuru Territory, on 8 June. On 12 June, the FARDC repelled another M23 attack on Bunagana, coinciding with the visit of 1067: 949: 6295: 2564: 8552: 8010: 5666: 2720: 1678: 9340: 9304: 9258: 9228: 8198: 7863: 7673: 7436: 2754:"Masisi : déplacement de la population à la suite des affrontements entre deux factions de Nyatura à Bashali Mukoto" 1910: 1845:

force. After agreeing to a peace deal, M23 was largely dismantled, its fighters disarmed and moved into refugee camps in

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A MONUSCO investigation reported in December that massacres by the M23 in November killed at least 131 civilians in the

2196:, as M23 attempted to retake territory. At the same time, however, combat died down along other parts of the frontline. 9289: 9276: 8901: 8827: 8788: 8690: 7398: 7353: 5997: 2337:. Over the next weeks, heavy fighting took place between M23 and a number of rival militias allied to FARDC, including 1455: 845: 8039: 6098: 9663: 9653: 9299: 9294: 7006: 6911: 5035: 882: 7290: 4180: 2500:

8 killed (6 Pakistanis, 1 Russian, 1 Serbian) during helicopter crash, 1 Moroccan killed in ground combat with M23.

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reaffirmed that any negotiations with the rebels depended on M23 retreating from its occupied territory beforehand.

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researchers, the presence of individuals in Rwandan uniforms among the rebels has been proven through photos and

2439: 2393: 1897: 835: 116: 6640:"Nord-Kivu : les M23 se retirent de Kishishe et Bambu, mais renforcent leurs positions à Rugari et Kibumba" 9455: 8648: 8521: 8484: 7964: 5907: 3600:"RDC : Recrutement, réarmement et réorganisation du M23, l'Ouganda et le Rwanda ont servi de base arrière" 1715: 1631: 1425: 1045: 8989: 7510: 6228: 5847:"Nord-Kivu : l'armée dénonce de graves violations des droits humains lors des attaques du M23 le 16 août" 2396:

disclosed that between 3,000 to 4,000 Rwandan military interventions and operations had been conducted in the

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ground to the insurgents. In late April, the DRC government and a number of rebel groups held peace talks in

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separate from the other M23 forces which were still mainly based in Uganda. Later research organized by the

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By early June, clashes again took place at Bunagana. M23 militants reportedly attacked a MONUSCO force at

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By the end of July, M23 was installing its own officials in the occupied territories and raised a tax.

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supported the insurgent operation, a claim which was denied by the Rwandan government and the rebels.

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and about 100 to 200 of his followers fled from Uganda to resume their insurgency, setting up camp at

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Stearns argued that the new M23 offensive was possibly aimed at enforcing the group's inclusion in a

1609: 1527: 1415: 1164: 1093: 637: 7345: 5787:"Mutualisation des forces de l'EAC : les groupes armés ciblés par la force militaire régionale" 4017: 3874: 1768:. The fighting displaced hundreds of thousands of civilians and caused renewed tensions between the 9036: 8932: 8531: 7984: 5609: 1862: 1725: 1584: 1852:

Despite the agreement, hostilities between M23 and the DR Congo continued. In 2017, M23 commander

8729: 8597: 8536: 8370: 8263: 8058: 7974: 7826: 7491: 5757:"Rutshuru : la société civile déplore la trêve des FARDC engagées aux combats contre le M23" 2443: 2294: 2225: 1720: 1512: 935: 8997: 2207:

and at two important hills near Rumangabo. Heavy fighting also took place in the Bashali-Mukoto

9281: 9122: 9031: 8375: 8175: 7959: 7595: 7573: 7554: 2097: 2032: 1710: 1636: 1024: 1002: 983: 654: 559: 541: 307: 302: 7037:"Tête à tête - Rwanda 'ready to fight' with DR Congo if necessary, President Paul Kagame says" 9589: 9491: 9425: 9117: 9087: 8807: 8695: 7693: 7615: 6979: 5365:"Nord-Kivu : afflux de déplacés à Nyirangongo à la suite des combats entre FARDC et M23" 2253: 2247: 2235: 2231: 2167:

on 21 June by the M23 for suspected collaboration with the FARDC. According to the newspaper

2130: 2110: 2070: 1599: 1579: 1243: 1233: 1038: 511: 7453: 6975:"Residents scatter as they fear Congo rebel group will again seize key eastern city of Goma" 869: 9253: 9248: 9041: 8437: 7969: 7878: 7841: 7802: 7446: 5485:"Combats FARDC-M23 : Yoweri Museveri préconise un cessez-le-feu sur la ligne de front" 2397: 2021: 1532: 1420: 595: 7039:[Rwanda 'ready to fight' with DR Congo if necessary, President Paul Kagame says]. 5727:"Affrontements FARDC-M23 : au moins 5 villages vidés de leurs populations à Rutshuru" 4731:"Nord-Kivu : Calme précaire à Rutshuru sur la ligne de front entre l'armée et le M23" 4064:"5 DR Congo Chiefs Flee Chiefdoms, Take Refuge In Goma After Persistent M23 Rebel Attacks" 8: 9608: 9525: 9520: 9432: 9345: 9309: 9162: 9092: 9056: 8891: 8778: 7979: 7561: 7542: 7525: 5125:"Rutshuru : les FARDC reprennent le contrôle de 4 villages jadis occupés par le M23" 2333:

sent a contingency of 750 troops to join the East African Contingency to be stationed in

2135: 2084: 2053: 2050: 1290: 1179: 990: 971: 954: 8618: 5335:"Combats FARDC-M23 : environ 2 600 ménages des déplacés recensés au village Buhiri" 3003:"Le Potentiel : " EAC : Des soldats burundais entrent officiellement en RDC "" 2967: 461: 9107: 9002: 8397: 8392: 8160: 8004: 7846: 7755: 7749: 7739: 7679: 7426: 5637:"UN Chief offers condolences to Morocco following death of Moroccan Blue Helmet in DRC" 2401: 2322: 2164: 2160: 2151: 2090: 1939: 1683: 1651: 1537: 1316: 1310: 1300: 1295: 862: 8837: 7222:"RDC : le gouvernement salue le rapport de l'ONU sur le soutien du Rwanda au M23" 5185:"Nord-Kivu : les FARDC affirment avoir " neutralisé 27 rebelles M23 " à Rutshuru" 4946:"Nord-Kivu : interdiction d'importer et d'exporter les marchandises via Bunagana" 9496: 9051: 8977: 8972: 8643: 8585: 8298: 8278: 8258: 8208: 7912: 7789: 7642: 7635: 6945: 6733:"RDC : arrivée des détachements précurseurs des militaires sud-soudanais à Goma" 5938:"Rusthuru: le M23 accusé de bombarder ce vendredi les positions des FARDC à Rwanguba" 4764:"Nord-Kivu : nouveaux affrontements entre FARDC et M23 dans le groupement Bweza" 2886: 2326: 2261:

On 15 August, the first contingent of East African Community peacekeepers arrived in

2147: 2096:

reacted to the fall of Bunagana and the growing regional tensions by calling for the

1885: 1810: 1798: 1749: 1604: 1502: 1390: 1184: 1174: 1116: 439: 158: 136: 49: 4667:"RDC-Rwanda : les acteurs de la société civile environnementale préoccupés par 3440:"RDC : changement à la tête du commandement militaire au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri" 2590:"Tempête des tropiques : " Soutien militaire au M23, l'ONU enfonce le Rwanda "" 9218: 9157: 9152: 8628: 8500: 8407: 8365: 8235: 8080: 7898: 7719: 7708: 7547: 7537: 7481: 7393: 7310:"What M23's on-and-off insurgency tells us about DRC's precarious search for peace" 7162: 2405: 2212: 2114: 1973: 1955:

On 29 March, the FARDC was able to repel a rebel attack against the border town of

1889: 1866: 1693: 1646: 1641: 1626: 1507: 1279: 1264: 1196: 976: 966: 925: 840: 431: 8433:

International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

3294: 3215: 9569: 9243: 8580: 8442: 8402: 8360: 8223: 8213: 8203: 8155: 7853: 7732: 7652: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7431: 6287: 6059: 5545:"Patrick Muyaya : " Il faut que le M23 retourne à ses positions initiales "" 5515:"RDC : la MONUSCO dément avoir fait un aveu d'impuissance face aux rebelles" 2556: 1853: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1554: 1497: 1492: 1405: 1385: 1327: 1322: 1159: 1138: 1052: 1019: 1014: 1009: 435: 5425:"Nord-Kivu : des dizaine de familles continuent d'affluer vers Nyirangongo" 9447: 8355: 8240: 7949: 7726: 7568: 7421: 4976:"Nord-Kivu : les combats s'intensifient entre les FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" 3928:"DR Congo accuses Rwanda of 'invasion' as rebels attack town | DW | 14.06.2022" 2488: 2113:. Environmentalists pointed out that this threatened the survival of the local 2093: 1902: 1700: 1621: 1400: 1374: 997: 752: 210: 5006:"Nord-Kivu : 13 civils tués par les bombes lancées par le M23 à Kisigari" 9602: 9167: 8812: 8638: 8288: 8250: 7920: 7873: 7816: 7532: 7405: 6949: 3127:"DR Congo: UN condemns M23 rebel attacks on peacekeeping force in North Kivu" 2451: 2172: 1814: 1789: 1785: 1589: 1522: 1479: 961: 852: 446: 140: 30: 7104:"Uganda backed M23 in DRC, Rwanda's 'de facto control' on group: UN experts" 5065:"Nord-Kivu : trois jours d'accalmie sur les lignes de front à Rutshuru" 4582:"Nord-Kivu : reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 autour de Bunagana" 4522:"Nord-Kivu : les FARDC lancent l'assaut contre le M23 près de Bunagana" 3648:"Congo Says Rwandan Forces Supported Latest Rebel Attacks as Thousands Flee" 2033:

Fall of Bunagana, further rebel advances, and pro-government counter-attacks

9112: 8350: 7463: 5395:"Nord-Kivu : 5ème jour d'accalmie sur les lignes de fronts à Rutshuru" 4552:"Rutshuru : les FARDC reprennent le contrôlent de la cité de Bunagana" 3470:"The military governor receives food from the FEC/North Kivu for the FARDC" 2916:"Goma : dernier hommage de la MONUSCO aux casques bleus tués au front" 2435: 2350: 2307: 2101: 2073:

initially denied that the FARDC had lost the city, but the FARDC spokesman

1857: 906: 658: 9574: 9099: 7486: 6793:"Nord-Kivu : les rebelles du M23 renforcent leur position à Kibumba" 4492:"RDC: les troupes de la MONUSCO "en position défensive" près de Bunagana" 4463:"Kenya calls for immediate deployment of regional force to eastern Congo" 2822:"U.N. official praises Indian peacekeepers for thwarting attack in Congo" 2385: 2330: 2188: 2025: 930: 723: 364: 6024:"DR Congo Army Clashes With M23 Rebels Around Strategic Eastern Highway" 5305:"Nord-Kivu : poursuite des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Ntamugenga" 3295:"Rwanda Will Not Be Drawn Into Intra-Congo Conflict - Govt Spokesperson" 2192:

next days, clashes continued at various villages in the Bweza and Jomba

783: 9442: 9360: 7074:"Rwandan soldiers fighting with M23 rebels in DR Congo, says UN report" 5575:"Nord-Kivu : le M23 installe une administration parallèle à Jomba" 3329:"M23 Rebel Movement Hands Over Captured DR Congo Soldiers To Red Cross" 2278: 2124: 1927: 1757: 99: 5095:"RDC : nouveaux affrontements entre l'armée et le M23 à Rutshuru" 2109:, and shot down a FARDC helicopter. Fighting had also spread into the 1926:

In the night of 27 March 2022, M23 rebels launched a new offensive in

9384: 7375: 7291:"Congo Closes Border With Rwanda After Soldier Is Killed in Gunfight" 6763:"Nord-Kivu : le M23 poursuit son retrait de certaines positions" 6550:"Western Donors Pressed to Sanction Rwanda as DRC Violence Escalates" 5245:"Nord-Kivu : calme précaire dans les zones de Bikenke et Ruseke" 5215:"RDC : reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23 à Kisigari" 3397:"Ibyihariye kuri Brig Gen Mboneza nimero ya kabiri mu ndwanyi za M23" 2389: 2299: 2024:(RDF) of fighting directly alongside the rebels, claiming that local 2013: 646: 396: 69: 6610:"M23 Rebels Clash With Army in East DR Congo After Failed Ceasefire" 5455:"La République : " Guerre Rwanda – RDC. Luanda, échec ! "" 3678:"Nord-Kivu : reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" 3557:"Kenyan commander's exit exposes tussle over regional force mandate" 3216:"Rwanda: New Footage Suggests FDLR Fighting Alongside DR Congo Army" 2857:"DR Congo army accuses Rwanda of deploying soldiers 'to defend M23'" 2199:

In the following days, combat largely ceased in the Bweza and Jomba

1980: 38: 8469: 7630: 7270: 5605:"At Least 15 Killed as Anti-UN Protests Spread in Eastern DR Congo" 4366: 4147:"Thousands Fleeing Violent Clashes in DRC in Need of Emergency Aid" 2283: 2106: 1111: 281: 229: 7130:"Congolese police officers flee to Uganda as fighting intensifies" 5968:"Congo fighting flares as hundreds shelter in convent - army, MSF" 4247:"DRC Army: M23 Rebels Kill Two Congo Soldiers as Fighting Resumes" 4217:"DRC Army: M23 Rebels Kill Two Congo Soldiers as Fighting Resumes" 3255:"M23 Rebels' Vow to Retreat at Odds With Hazy Reality in DR Congo" 2004:

on 18 May. On 19 May, M23 rebels attacked MONUSCO peacekeepers at

8427: 8075: 7625: 7266: 5155:"Nord-Kivu : deux villages de Jomba sous contrôle des FARDC" 2346: 2315: 2287: 2216: 2140: 1993: 1838: 1765: 1332: 1106: 409: 336: 294: 215: 6852:"Democratic Republic of Congo rocked by new M23 rebel offensive" 6580:"Rebels Pull Back in Eastern DR Congo as Regional Force Deploys" 6288:"DR Congo conflict: M23 rebels executed over 130 civilians - UN" 4824:"Museveni in Kenya for EAC meeting to discuss DR Congo conflict" 4701:"UN report on DR Congo says M23 rebels plan to capture key city" 4637:"Nord-Kivu : la situation militaire demeure tendue à Jomba" 3905:"Uganda provided support to M23 rebels in Congo, UN report says" 3787:"Heavy fighting as Congo tries to fend off resurgent M23 rebels" 3531:"Kenyan Maj. Gen. Nyagah appointed as DRC joint force commander" 8881: 8330:

Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda tensions (2022–present)

8134: 2424:

Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda tensions (2022–present)

2373: 2219:" factions clashed. One of them was a "dissident" group led by 2062: 2057: 2037: 1987:

Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda tensions (2022–present)

1944: 1846: 1837:. The uprising was defeated by a joint campaign of the DRC and 1834: 1830: 1773: 1753: 322: 268: 255: 186: 170: 6402:"UN condemns M23 rebel offensive on DRC town as hundreds flee" 6073:"DR Congo expels Rwandan ambassador as M23 rebels seize towns" 5697:"Nord-Kivu: reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru" 4794:"DR Congo agrees to EAC force deployment without Rwandan army" 4613:"Congo soldier shot dead in Rwanda, rebels make gains in east" 4369:"Congo military accuses Rwanda of invasion; rebels seize town" 2282:

Kalengera, and Kako. On 29 October M23 rebels took control of

1794: 8653: 6459:"Rebels capture more ground in Congo as fighting intensifies" 6428:"Goma Suffocating After M23 Rebels Cut Off Road From Butembo" 6177:"Thousands displaced as M23 rebels near key DRC city of Goma" 2675:"Congo rebels seize eastern border town, local activists say" 2163:

reported that 17 civilians, including two children, had been

1870: 714: 566: 548: 350: 242: 123:

Conflict and tensions breaks out between Rwanda and the Congo

7256:"Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes" 7192:"Revived M23 rebellion worsens DR Congo's security troubles" 7189: 6255:"Rwanda agrees on 'immediate ceasefire' in eastern DR Congo" 4883: 4308:"M23 Rebels Reclaim DR Congo Region After Military Takeover" 3957:"Resurgent East Congo Violence Displaces 72,000 in One Week" 1821:(DRC) from 2012 to 2013. M23 was formed by deserters of the 8218: 7662: 6520:"Rebel Clashes Flare in East DR Congo Despite Pullout Plan" 6151:"Congo trains 3,000 new army recruits amid Rwanda tensions" 6099:"drc rules out talks with terrorist-m23 as tensions worsen" 4277:"Belgian King Ends DR Congo Tour on Visit to Volatile East" 3500:"Fresh Clashes Between Army, M23 Rebels in DR Congo's East" 3180:"DR Congo: Civilians at Risk Amid Resurgence of M23 Rebels" 2353:. The next day, the town of Mweso also fell to the rebels. 2334: 2262: 2239: 2009: 1874: 1802: 1216: 7007:"M23 Rebels Advance Toward Sake as Thousands Flee to Goma" 6912:"M23 Rebels Seize Strategic Town in Rapid Advance to Goma" 5275:"RDC : reprise des combats entre les FARDC et le M23" 4097:"M23 rebels attack military positions in eastern DR Congo" 6823:"Congo orders regional peacekeepers to leave by December" 6670:"Nord-Kivu : reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23" 6346:"DRC president says M23 rebels yet to withdraw as agreed" 5877:"Nord-Kivu : reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23" 3038:"Kenya to deploy army to eastern DRC to fight M23 rebels" 2557:"M23 rebels in DR Congo deny shooting down UN helicopter" 7862: 7777: 6490:"Congolese M23 rebels seize major mining town of Rubaya" 6053:

Rebels makes new advance, and Congo expels Rwandan envoy

4181:"M23 Rebels Withdraw From Villages Captured In DR Congo" 3627: 3625: 8784:

Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America

8383:

Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

6457:

Malkia, Christina; Kabumba, Justin (24 February 2023).

3875:"DR Congo Says Rwanda Operating 500 Troops Over Border" 4367:

Al-Hadji Kudra Maliro; Justin Kabumba (13 June 2022).

3751:"Congolese soldiers flee as M23 rebels take over town" 2910: 2908: 6372:"Rwanda says Congo fighter jet violated its airspace" 3622: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 8388:

Mercenaries and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 3817:"Mercenari albi cu pașapoarte românești în RD Congo" 2125:

Pro-government forces retake territory and stalemate

1762:

Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

6229:"Uganda Readies Strike Force to Counter M23 Rebels" 6125:"Protesters in DRC set fire to UN vehicles in Goma" 5908:"M23 Rebels Want Dialogue With DR Congo Government" 5667:"UN honors five peacekeepers killed in eastern DRC" 4015: 3549: 2968:"Neue Kämpfe im Osten Kongos: UN-Blauhelme sterben" 2905: 773:

2.5 million displaced in total (as of July 8, 2024)

60:

Land Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9619:Civil wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 7329:"The Overlooked Crisis in Congo: 'We Live in War'" 7308:Vogel, Christoph; Hoffmann, Kasper (22 May 2022). 6697: 6695: 3784: 3711:"DR Congo Deploys Fighter Jets Against M23 Rebels" 3112: 3061: 3059: 2965: 2061:137 soldiers and 37 police officers to retreat to 8130:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations 8064:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations 7185: 7183: 5036:"DR Congo: Resurgent M23 Rebels Target Civilians" 4119: 4040: 3780: 3778: 3776: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2430:Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda relations 2146:on a long-range patrol to protect civilians from 1981:Failure of peace talks and resumption of fighting 9600: 4916:"DR Congo rebels reopen border post with Uganda" 4611:Sabiti, Djaffar; Bujakera, Stanis (2022-06-17). 8277: 8181:Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries 6692: 5905: 4884:Andrew Bagala; Robert Muhereza (22 June 2022). 4400: 4305: 4178: 4061: 3748: 3705: 3703: 3326: 3292: 3213: 3056: 2961: 2789: 2718: 2551: 2549: 2547: 1892:respectively. In addition, Makenga's group was 1825:(FARDC) who had previously been members of the 7327:Walsh, Declan; Bashizi, Arlette (2023-12-17). 7190:Claude Sengenya; Patricia Huon (7 July 2022). 7180: 4855:"EAC leaders order M23 rebels out of Bunagana" 4610: 4214: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3925: 3773: 3642: 3640: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2792:"Rwandan Soldier Surrenders To UN In DR Congo" 2672: 2659: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2469:disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration 1901:the restored M23 is believed to be located at 1879:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 8548:List of current heads of state and government 8485: 8107: 7361: 7307: 6456: 4852: 4758: 4756: 2584: 2582: 1463: 1358: 890: 799: 588:Bisimwa faction (Revolutionary Army of Congo) 480:("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander until 6 July) 90:(2 years, 6 months and 3 days) 9669:2024 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 9659:2022 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 8249: 7326: 6882:"DR Congo Fighting Moves Close To Goma City" 4174: 4172: 4144: 4091: 4089: 4057: 4055: 3700: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 491:("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander from 6 July) 9062:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 7911: 7004: 6909: 4396: 4394: 3998: 3985:United States mission to the United Nations 3744: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3637: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3419: 3351: 3322: 3320: 3238: 3094:"DRC signs deal for SADC troops deployment" 2990: 2938: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2524: 1888:, and the "Revolutionary Army of Congo" of 8492: 8478: 8114: 8100: 7368: 7354: 7158:UN: Well-Armed M23 Rebels Resurgent in DRC 6938:"The week around the world in 20 pictures" 4753: 3391: 3389: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2579: 2368:taking place 20 kilometers from the city. 1470: 1456: 1365: 1351: 897: 883: 806: 792: 4169: 4086: 4052: 3277: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3032: 3030: 3028: 2748: 2746: 2612: 2491:. Rwanda has denied its support for M23. 2434:As a result of the M23 advances in 2022, 2360:On 3 April, Ugandan EAC soldiers entered 813: 651:United Nations Force Intervention Brigade 440: 7034: 6203:"M23 claims capture of FDLR strongholds" 4403:"Uganda halts Congo military operations" 4391: 4210: 4208: 4206: 3733: 3579: 3317: 2887:"PHOTO DU JOUR DU SAMEDI 3 JUILLET 2022" 2776: 2637:"Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 - Report" 2230: 2134: 2036: 1921: 1861:cooperating against a common enemy, the 1793: 526:(Rutshuru Territory military chief aide) 43:Military situation as of 10 August 2024 7154: 6487: 5998:"DR Congo troops clash with M23 rebels" 3386: 3174: 3172: 2844: 2697: 2203:, but fighting erupted in the Kisigari 617:Operations sector "Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" 9649:Military operations involving Tanzania 9634:Military operations involving Pakistan 9601: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 6935: 6282: 6280: 3522: 3202: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3065: 3025: 2743: 1306:Assassination of Laurent-Désiré Kabila 8473: 8095: 7942: 7506:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government 7349: 7288: 7232:from the original on 26 February 2023 6530:from the original on 28 February 2023 6500:from the original on 27 February 2023 6469:from the original on 26 February 2023 6408:from the original on 26 February 2023 6317:"South Sudan Sends 750 Troops to DRC" 6235:from the original on 17 November 2022 6209:from the original on 18 November 2022 6183:from the original on 18 November 2022 5918:from the original on 7 September 2022 4203: 3537:from the original on 31 December 2022 3226:from the original on 28 November 2022 3074:from the original on 29 December 2022 3068:"South Sudan Sends 750 Troops to DRC" 1665: 1451: 1346: 1261: 1135: 1090: 1068:Dissolution of the Lumumba Government 878: 787: 9644:Military operations involving Serbia 9639:Military operations involving Russia 8909:Belarus–European Union border crisis 8553:List of protests in the 21st century 8499: 6488:Mulegwa, Pascal (27 February 2023). 6438:from the original on 2 February 2023 6382:from the original on 24 January 2023 6352:from the original on 24 January 2023 6157:from the original on 7 November 2022 6131:from the original on 2 November 2022 6105:from the original on 1 November 2022 6079:from the original on 30 October 2022 6034:from the original on 30 October 2022 6004:from the original on 30 October 2022 5978:from the original on 29 October 2022 4016:Martina Schwikowski (8 April 2022). 3528: 3407:from the original on 14 January 2023 3214:Moise M. Bahati (22 November 2022). 3100:from the original on 9 December 2023 3044:from the original on 2 November 2022 2966:Simone Schlindwein (30 March 2022). 2802:from the original on 2 December 2022 2272: 2100:(EAC) to "immediate" organize a new 1262: 770:30,000 civilians displaced to Uganda 537:(North Kivu deputy police commander) 9629:Military operations involving Kenya 9624:Military operations involving India 9341:African Continental Free Trade Area 8325:2012 Congolese–Rwandan border clash 8199:East African campaign (World War I) 7437:East African campaign (World War I) 7254: 7169:from the original on August 7, 2022 7059: 6277: 6265:from the original on 7 January 2023 6231:. Chimp Reports. 17 November 2022. 6205:. The New Times. 17 November 2022. 6153:. greenwich time. 7 November 2022. 5948:from the original on 19 August 2022 5887:from the original on 19 August 2022 5857:from the original on 18 August 2022 5827:from the original on 20 August 2022 5817:"Burundi Troops Split DRC Opinions" 5797:from the original on 19 August 2022 5767:from the original on 19 August 2022 4132: 4046: 3721:from the original on 7 January 2023 3631: 3265:from the original on 7 January 2023 3149: 3066:Ponnie, Sheila (28 December 2022). 3013:from the original on 19 August 2022 2790:Bisong Etahoben (7 November 2022). 2721:"Fresh fighting erupts in Bunagana" 2647:from the original on 20 August 2022 2600:from the original on 19 August 2022 2318:groups, and some Nyatura factions. 1911:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 1689:Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 1136: 1091: 555:(EAC-RF commander until April 2023) 13: 7282: 7155:Besheer, Margaret (July 2, 2022), 7005:Ndushabandi, Claver (2024-02-07). 6910:Ndushabandi, Claver (2024-02-05). 6879: 6803:from the original on 13 April 2023 6773:from the original on 12 April 2023 6743:from the original on 13 April 2023 6713:from the original on 13 April 2023 6680:from the original on 13 April 2023 6650:from the original on 13 April 2023 6620:from the original on 13 April 2023 6590:from the original on 13 April 2023 6560:from the original on 13 April 2023 5906:Bisong Etahoben (17 August 2022). 5737:from the original on 3 August 2022 5707:from the original on 3 August 2022 5677:from the original on 2 August 2022 5647:from the original on 3 August 2022 5585:from the original on 3 August 2022 5435:from the original on 3 August 2022 4800:. The East African. 19 June 2022. 4379:from the original on 9 August 2022 4348:from the original on 13 April 2023 4018:"M23 rebels resurface in DR Congo" 3785:Djaffar Al Katanty (26 May 2022). 3339:from the original on 9 August 2022 2926:from the original on 3 August 2022 2567:from the original on 23 April 2022 2455:always maintained its own agenda. 1930:, first attacking the villages of 1372: 573:(EAC-RF commander from April 2023) 14: 9680: 8011:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 7047:from the original on 10 July 2024 6101:. chimpreports. 1 November 2022. 5617:from the original on 26 July 2022 5555:from the original on 20 July 2022 5525:from the original on 20 July 2022 5495:from the original on 19 July 2022 5465:from the original on 15 July 2022 5405:from the original on 20 July 2022 5375:from the original on 10 July 2022 5165:from the original on 30 June 2022 5135:from the original on 29 June 2022 5105:from the original on 29 June 2022 5075:from the original on 30 June 2022 5016:from the original on 23 June 2022 4986:from the original on 22 June 2022 4956:from the original on 22 June 2022 4926:from the original on 21 June 2022 4896:from the original on 22 June 2022 4865:from the original on 22 June 2022 4834:from the original on 20 June 2022 4804:from the original on 20 June 2022 4774:from the original on 20 June 2022 4741:from the original on 19 June 2022 4711:from the original on 20 June 2022 4681:from the original on 17 June 2022 4647:from the original on 17 June 2022 4592:from the original on 17 June 2022 4562:from the original on 19 June 2022 4532:from the original on 16 June 2022 4502:from the original on 16 June 2022 4443:from the original on 16 June 2022 4413:from the original on 17 June 2022 4318:from the original on 14 June 2022 4306:Bisong Etahoben (14 April 2022). 4287:from the original on 13 June 2022 4257:from the original on 12 June 2022 4227:from the original on 12 June 2022 4191:from the original on 13 June 2022 4179:Bisong Etahoben (11 April 2022). 4157:from the original on 13 June 2022 4107:from the original on 12 June 2022 4074:from the original on 13 June 2022 4062:Bisong Etahoben (31 March 2022). 3885:from the original on 13 June 2022 3797:from the original on 13 June 2022 3761:from the original on 15 June 2022 3688:from the original on 17 June 2022 3658:from the original on 12 June 2022 3610:from the original on 11 July 2022 3529:Lumu, David (14 September 2022). 3510:from the original on 13 June 2022 3374:from the original on 30 June 2022 3327:Bisong Etahoben (15 April 2022). 3305:from the original on 13 June 2022 3190:from the original on 12 June 2022 3137:from the original on 21 June 2022 2978:from the original on 13 June 2022 2867:from the original on 13 June 2022 2863:. The East African. 9 June 2022. 2832:from the original on 13 June 2022 2764:from the original on 19 July 2022 2731:from the original on 17 June 2022 2685:from the original on 13 June 2022 2462: 1679:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 1477: 189:(June 2022; alleged by DR Congo) 9351:Sudanese transition to democracy 9214:Middle East economic integration 8455: 8454: 8133: 8123: 7378:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7289:Dahir, Abdi Latif (2022-06-17). 7214: 7202:from the original on 7 July 2022 7148: 7136:. Kampala, Rwanda. 5 August 2024 7122: 7096: 7084:from the original on 9 July 2024 7028: 6998: 6967: 6929: 6903: 6873: 6844: 6815: 6785: 6755: 6725: 6662: 6632: 6602: 6572: 6542: 6512: 6481: 6450: 6420: 6394: 6364: 6338: 6309: 6247: 6221: 6195: 6179:. Al Jazeera. 15 November 2022. 6169: 6143: 6117: 6091: 6065: 6046: 6016: 5990: 5960: 5930: 5899: 5869: 5839: 5809: 5779: 5749: 5719: 5689: 5659: 5629: 5597: 5345:from the original on 9 July 2022 5315:from the original on 8 July 2022 5285:from the original on 7 July 2022 5255:from the original on 6 July 2022 5225:from the original on 6 July 2022 5195:from the original on 7 July 2022 4401:Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). 4028:from the original on 9 June 2022 3969:from the original on 2022-07-28. 3827:from the original on 12 May 2023 3749:Robert Muhereza (14 June 2022). 3480:from the original on 9 June 2022 3450:from the original on 7 July 2022 2719:Robert Muhereza (17 June 2022). 1819:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1770:Democratic Republic of the Congo 904: 751: 742: 722: 713: 704: 565: 558: 547: 540: 529: 518: 505: 502:(32nd Military Region commander) 494: 483: 472: 455: 404:Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated 386: 372: 357: 343: 329: 315: 301: 287: 274: 261: 248: 235: 222: 209: 197: 179: 163: 104:Democratic Republic of the Congo 37: 8603:Treaty descheduling of cannabis 8558:List of ongoing armed conflicts 8527:2020s in science and technology 7035:Perelman, Marc (20 June 2024). 7017:from the original on 2024-02-08 6987:from the original on 2024-02-26 6956:from the original on 2024-03-16 6918:from the original on 2024-02-07 6892:from the original on 2023-10-29 6862:from the original on 2023-10-28 6833:from the original on 2023-10-29 6404:. Al Jazeera. 27 January 2023. 6348:. Al Jazeera. 24 January 2022. 6327:from the original on 2022-12-29 6298:from the original on 2022-12-08 6127:. africanews. 2 November 2022. 5567: 5537: 5507: 5477: 5447: 5417: 5387: 5357: 5327: 5297: 5267: 5237: 5207: 5177: 5147: 5117: 5087: 5057: 5046:from the original on 2022-07-25 5028: 4998: 4968: 4938: 4908: 4877: 4846: 4816: 4786: 4723: 4693: 4659: 4629: 4604: 4574: 4544: 4514: 4484: 4473:from the original on 2022-06-15 4455: 4425: 4360: 4330: 4299: 4269: 4239: 4138: 3973: 3949: 3938:from the original on 2022-06-15 3919: 3897: 3867: 3839: 3809: 3670: 3567:from the original on 3 May 2023 3492: 3462: 3293:James Karuhanga (26 May 2022). 3086: 2879: 2673:Djaffar Sabiti (13 June 2022). 2503: 2494: 2440:United Nations Security Council 2417: 2069:North Kivu's military governor 1898:United Nations Security Council 414:Pro-government Nyatura factions 8522:2020s in environmental history 7511:Torture and killing of Lumumba 7248: 7080:. Paris, France. 8 July 2024. 6075:. aljazeera. 30 October 2022. 4853:Andrew Bagala (21 June 2022). 4215:Mohammed Yusuf (31 May 2022). 3926:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. 2814: 2481: 2384:On 20 June, Rwandan president 2298:tactical withdrawal" from the 1073:Torture and killing of Lumumba 515:(North Kivu military governor) 1: 7442:Belgian Congo in World War II 6000:. France24. 23 October 2022. 4145:Lisa Schlein (1 April 2022). 2517: 1965:Uganda People's Defence Force 1779: 697: 665:Uganda People's Defence Force 143:and several other settlements 9224:Libyan civil war (2014–2020) 8543:Timeline of the 21st century 8269:2009 Eastern Congo offensive 7832:2009 Eastern Congo offensive 7263:Crisis Group Africa Briefing 3962:U.S. News & World Report 3563:. Nation Media. 1 May 2023. 2265:. This group, consisting of 1916: 1595:M23 offensive (2022–present) 1518:2009 Eastern Congo offensive 1190:Assassination of Habyarimana 7: 9402:Nigerien crisis (2023–2024) 9067:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War 8897:Russian invasion of Ukraine 8701:United States racial unrest 7797:Operation North Night Final 7699:Ascension of Laurent Kabila 7165:(published June 29, 2022), 6880:Presse, AFP-Agence France. 4886:"Congo-M23 ceasefire fails" 3040:. news24. 2 November 2022. 2412: 2310:had violated its airspace. 1843:United Nations peacekeeping 1756:, launched an offensive in 1731:Child soldiers in the Congo 1249:Ascension of Laurent Kabila 1124:Non-aggression pact of 1979 535:Francois-Xavier Aba van Ang 10: 9685: 8720:2020 presidential election 8413:Great Lakes refugee crisis 8151:Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement 7275:International Crisis Group 7110:. Doha, Qatar. 9 July 2024 6936:Powell, Jim (2024-03-15). 2427: 2421: 2128: 1984: 1949:International Crisis Group 1783: 1202:Great Lakes refugee crisis 9587: 9562: 9555: 9510: 9484: 9475: 9410: 9333: 9324: 9269: 9206: 9197: 9075: 9024: 9017: 8917: 8874: 8867: 8797: 8771: 8764: 8709: 8683: 8676: 8611: 8573: 8566: 8517:2020s in economic history 8512:2020s in military history 8507: 8451: 8338: 8317: 8191: 8143: 8020: 7997: 7837:2014 North Kivu offensive 7815: 7770: 7707: 7651: 7608: 7516:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld 7462: 7414: 7384: 4671:des gorilles de montagne" 4558:. Reuters. 16 June 2022. 1873:minority from attacks by 1674: 1666: 1528:2014 North Kivu offensive 1487: 1382: 1274: 1170:War in Uganda (1986–1994) 1165:Second Sudanese Civil War 1148: 1103: 1078:Death of Dag Hammarskjöld 914: 824: 764: 732: 681: 638:Congolese National Police 577: 425: 151: 77: 36: 28: 23: 9664:2024 military operations 9654:2022 military operations 9356:Ethiopian civil conflict 9234:Israeli political crisis 9037:2022 Sri Lankan protests 8532:2020s in climate history 7985:Western DR Congo clashes 7674:AFD insurgency (1996–99) 2474: 2041:Map of the M23 offensive 1863:Allied Democratic Forces 1748:In late March 2022, the 1726:Western DR Congo clashes 1706:2011 coup d'etat attempt 489:Clément Bitangalo Bulime 16:Conflict in the DR Congo 8598:2020 stock market crash 8537:2020s in social history 8371:Belgian colonial empire 8264:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign 7975:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion 7926:M23 offensive (2022–24) 7827:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign 7745:Assassination of Kabila 7474:Force Publique mutinies 2226:Patrick Muyaya Katembwe 1721:Kamwina Nsapu rebellion 1523:M23 rebellion (2012–13) 1513:2008 Nord-Kivu campaign 918:Force Publique mutinies 642:Pro-government militias 9032:2020 Kyrgyz Revolution 8376:Kivu frontier incident 8176:East African Community 7574:Port Francqui incident 2243: 2155: 2098:East African Community 2042: 1877:militants such as the 1806: 1637:Kasindi church bombing 1411:October 2020 offensive 1003:Port Francqui incident 758:1 helicopter shot down 748:1 helicopter shot down 655:East African Community 426:Commanders and leaders 9590:Portal:Current events 9492:Pacific Islands Forum 8696:George Floyd protests 8664:Major groups, by size 8052:during the Congo Wars 7965:2013 Kinshasa attacks 7688:Operation Thunderbolt 7663:Formation of the AFDL 7616:Stanleyville mutinies 6980:Associated Press News 5641:The North Africa Post 4922:. AFP. 20 June 2022. 4707:. AFP. 17 June 2022. 4283:. VOA. 12 June 2022. 3907:. Reuter. 8 July 2024 3654:. VOA. 12 June 2022. 2428:Further information: 2254:The North Africa Post 2236:Anti-MONUSCO protests 2234: 2138: 2131:Anti-MONUSCO protests 2111:Virunga National Park 2071:Constant Ndima Kongba 2040: 1922:Initial rebel attacks 1797: 1784:Further information: 1716:2013 Kinshasa attacks 1600:Anti-MONUSCO protests 1217:Formation of the AFDL 733:Casualties and losses 689:100–200+ (March 2022) 512:Constant Ndima Kongba 478:Peter Cirimwami Nkuba 467:President of DR Congo 52:and Nyatura's militia 9614:M23 offensive (2022) 9249:Mahsa Amini protests 9042:2024 Noto earthquake 8438:2014 Mutarule attack 7970:2014 Mutarule attack 7879:2017 Semuliki attack 7842:2017 CNPSC offensive 7803:Plaine Savo massacre 7447:Masisi-Lubutu revolt 7196:The New Humanitarian 6526:. 28 February 2023. 6323:. 28 December 2022. 6261:. 18 November 2022. 4281:Agence France-Presse 4253:. VOA. 6 June 2022. 3096:. 18 November 2023. 3070:. Voice of America. 2448:Congo Research Group 2102:peacekeeping mission 2080:Congolese parliament 2022:Rwanda Defence Force 1817:in the northeastern 1752:(M23), supported by 1533:2017 CNPSC offensive 1047:Violettes Imperiales 620:32nd Military Region 613:Armed Forces (FARDC) 596:Rwanda Defence Force 367:(from December 2022) 353:(from November 2022) 58: Controlled by 48: Controlled by 9390:DRC–Rwanda tensions 9346:Nigeria Vision 2020 9057:Philippine drug war 8990:Republic of Ireland 8892:Russo-Ukrainian War 8779:Crisis in Venezuela 8624:UN Security Council 8069:tensions since 2022 8059:Belgian colonialism 7998:Perennial conflicts 7980:2018 Yumbi massacre 7883:Nationwide attacks 7771:Post-2003 conflicts 7694:Overthrow of Mobutu 6434:. 2 February 2023. 6378:. 24 January 2022. 6030:. 27 October 2022. 5974:. 24 October 2022. 3823:. 19 January 2023. 3717:. 8 November 2022. 3403:. 14 January 2023. 2394:UN Security Council 2305:Congolese Air Force 2085:Muhoozi Kainerugaba 2054:Philippe of Belgium 1632:August 2022 attacks 1291:Gbadolite Agreement 1244:Overthrow of Mobutu 1180:Burundian Civil War 598:(denied by Rwanda) 62:and allied militias 9378:national responses 8659:List of all groups 8398:Katanga insurgency 8393:Rwandan Revolution 8229:Massacres of Hutus 8192:Military relations 8161:Sun City Agreement 8040:Conflict resources 8005:Katanga insurgency 7960:Batwa–Luba clashes 7756:Effacer le tableau 7750:Kisangani massacre 7680:Kichwamba massacre 7668:Massacres of Hutus 7499:Congo-Stanleyville 7454:Léopoldville riots 7427:Batetela rebellion 7333:The New York Times 7295:The New York Times 6058:2022-10-30 at the 5944:. 19 August 2022. 5883:. 18 August 2022. 5853:. 18 August 2022. 5823:. 18 August 2022. 5793:. 16 August 2022. 5763:. 11 August 2022. 5040:Human Rights Watch 3634:, pp. 10, 15. 3261:. 6 January 2023. 3009:. 16 August 2022. 2327:Bambo and Kishishe 2323:Rutshuru Territory 2267:Burundian soldiers 2244: 2221:Jean-Marie Nyatura 2165:summarily executed 2161:Human Rights Watch 2156: 2152:Rutshuru Territory 2043: 1961:crashed at Tshanzu 1940:Rutshuru Territory 1807: 1711:Batwa–Luba clashes 1684:Katanga insurgency 1652:Kirindera massacre 1426:Nyamamba and Mbogi 1317:Effacer le tableau 1311:Kisangani massacre 1296:Sun City Agreement 1222:Massacres of Hutus 1062:Other major events 943:Congo-Stanleyville 870:Léopoldville riots 863:1944 Kivu uprising 693:3,000+ (June 2024) 553:Jeff Mungai Nyagah 500:Philémon Yav Irung 449:(allegedly killed) 339:(from August 2022) 308:EAC Regional Force 192:Nyatura-Jean Marie 9596: 9595: 9583: 9582: 9551: 9550: 9502:COVID-19 pandemic 9497:Pacific Community 9471: 9470: 9368:COVID-19 pandemic 9320: 9319: 9193: 9192: 9052:Myanmar civil war 9047:COVID-19 pandemic 9013: 9012: 8887:COVID-19 pandemic 8863: 8862: 8789:COVID-19 pandemic 8760: 8759: 8691:COVID-19 pandemic 8672: 8671: 8586:COVID-19 pandemic 8467: 8466: 8313: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8299:Kishishe massacre 8259:Makobola massacre 8209:Rwandan Civil War 8171:Gorilla Agreement 8089: 8088: 7993: 7992: 7955:2011 coup attempt 7938: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7907: 7906: 7811: 7810: 7790:Operation Artemis 7762:ICC investigation 7643:1991 Zaire unrest 7636:Battle of Kolwezi 7478:Secession crisis 7376:Conflicts in the 7228:. 5 August 2022. 7043:. Paris, France. 6769:. 11 April 2023. 6676:. 30 March 2023. 6586:. 17 March 2023. 6556:. 17 March 2023. 6062:, 30 October 2022 5733:. 3 August 2022. 5673:. 1 August 2022. 4103:. 28 March 2022. 2922:. 1 August 2022. 2643:. 4 August 2022. 2596:. 5 August 2022. 2563:. 30 March 2022. 2273:Renewed offensive 2115:mountain gorillas 1886:Jean-Marie Runiga 1811:March 23 Movement 1750:March 23 Movement 1743: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1661: 1660: 1605:Kishishe massacre 1503:Makobola massacre 1447: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1396:North Night Final 1338:ICC investigation 1257: 1256: 1185:Rwandan Civil War 1175:1991 Zaire unrest 1131: 1130: 1117:Battle of Kolwezi 1086: 1085: 922:Secession crisis 782: 781: 608:DR Congo forces 325:(from March 2022) 159:March 23 Movement 147: 146: 50:March 23 Movement 9676: 9560: 9559: 9482: 9481: 9331: 9330: 9254:Israel–Hamas war 9229:Yemeni civil war 9219:Syrian civil war 9204: 9203: 9198:Middle East and 9022: 9021: 8872: 8871: 8769: 8768: 8730:Biden presidency 8725:Trump presidency 8681: 8680: 8571: 8570: 8501:2020s in history 8494: 8487: 8480: 8471: 8470: 8458: 8457: 8408:Rwandan genocide 8366:Ngweshe Chiefdom 8275: 8274: 8247: 8246: 8236:Second Congo War 8138: 8137: 8128: 8127: 8116: 8109: 8102: 8093: 8092: 8081:Rwandan genocide 7940: 7939: 7909: 7908: 7899:Operation Shujaa 7860: 7859: 7813: 7812: 7775: 7774: 7720:Operation Kitona 7709:Second Congo War 7538:Battle of Kabalo 7394:Congo Free State 7370: 7363: 7356: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7323: 7321: 7320: 7314:The Conversation 7304: 7302: 7301: 7278: 7260: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7207: 7187: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7163:Voice of America 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7126: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7070: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6961: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6838: 6819: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6799:. 5 April 2023. 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6739:. 3 April 2023. 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6709:. 4 April 2023. 6699: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6646:. 3 April 2023. 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6616:. 8 March 2023. 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6524:Voice of America 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6398: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6069: 6063: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6028:The Defense Post 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5703:. 27 July 2022. 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5643:. 27 July 2022. 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5613:. 26 July 2022. 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5581:. 26 July 2022. 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5551:. 19 July 2022. 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5521:. 15 July 2022. 5511: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5491:. 16 July 2022. 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5461:. 13 July 2022. 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5431:. 21 July 2022. 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5401:. 15 July 2022. 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5371:. 10 July 2022. 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5211: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5161:. 30 June 2022. 5151: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5131:. 29 June 2022. 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5101:. 28 June 2022. 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5071:. 27 June 2022. 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5012:. 22 June 2022. 5002: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4982:. 21 June 2022. 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4952:. 21 June 2022. 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4830:. 20 June 2022. 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4790: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4770:. 20 June 2022. 4760: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4737:. 18 June 2022. 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4677:. 17 June 2022. 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4643:. 17 June 2022. 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4623: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4588:. 17 June 2022. 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4528:. 16 June 2022. 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4498:. 15 June 2022. 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4439:. 15 June 2022. 4429: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4344:. 4 April 2023. 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4212: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4093: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4059: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4013: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3851: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3782: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3746: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3715:The Defense Post 3707: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3644: 3635: 3629: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3606:. 22 June 2022. 3596: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3561:The East African 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3506:. 6 April 2022. 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3436: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3393: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3370:. 27 June 2022. 3360: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3290: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3259:The Defense Post 3251: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3211: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3176: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3123: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2999: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2963: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2912: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2853: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2787: 2774: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2760:. 16 July 2022. 2750: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2716: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2670: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2633: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2553: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2485: 2248:Violent protests 2213:Bashali Chiefdom 2091:Kenyan President 1909:affected by the 1890:Bertrand Bisimwa 1867:Operation Shujaa 1823:DRC Armed Forces 1694:Operation Shujaa 1669: 1663: 1662: 1647:Mukondi massacre 1642:Makugwe massacre 1627:Otomabere attack 1508:Makombo massacre 1482: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1449: 1448: 1377: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1286:Lusaka Ceasefire 1280:Operation Kitona 1269: 1267: 1266:Second Congo War 1259: 1258: 1197:Rwandan genocide 1143: 1141: 1133: 1132: 1098: 1096: 1088: 1087: 967:Battle of Kabalo 909: 899: 892: 885: 876: 875: 841:Congo Free State 819: 808: 801: 794: 785: 784: 756: 755: 747: 746: 727: 726: 718: 717: 709: 708: 699: 633:Republican Guard 570: 569: 563: 562: 552: 551: 545: 544: 534: 533: 523: 522: 510: 509: 499: 498: 488: 487: 477: 476: 462:Félix Tshisekedi 460: 459: 442: 432:Bertrand Bisimwa 391: 390: 389: 377: 376: 375: 363: 361: 360: 349: 347: 346: 335: 333: 332: 321: 319: 318: 306: 305: 293: 291: 290: 280: 278: 277: 267: 265: 264: 254: 252: 251: 241: 239: 238: 228: 226: 225: 214: 213: 203: 201: 200: 185: 183: 182: 169: 167: 166: 85:27 March 2022 – 79: 78: 72:militia fighting 67: 57: 47: 41: 21: 20: 9684: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9579: 9547: 9506: 9477: 9467: 9406: 9326: 9316: 9265: 9244:Abraham Accords 9199: 9189: 9071: 9009: 8924:United Kingdom 8913: 8859: 8793: 8756: 8705: 8668: 8607: 8591:economic impact 8581:Paris Agreement 8562: 8539: 8503: 8498: 8468: 8463: 8447: 8443:Kipupu massacre 8403:Kanyarwanda War 8361:Kaziba Chiefdom 8334: 8305: 8280: 8273: 8245: 8224:Lemera massacre 8214:First Congo War 8204:Simba rebellion 8187: 8156:Pretoria Accord 8139: 8132: 8122: 8120: 8090: 8085: 8047:Sexual violence 8035:Mining industry 8022: 8016: 7989: 7930: 7903: 7866: 7858: 7854:Kipupu massacre 7819: 7807: 7781: 7766: 7733:Bogoro massacre 7711: 7703: 7655: 7653:First Congo War 7647: 7621:Shaba invasions 7604: 7591:Simba rebellion 7586:Kwilu rebellion 7581:Kanyarwanda War 7521:UN intervention 7466: 7458: 7432:Battle of Rejaf 7410: 7380: 7374: 7337: 7335: 7318: 7316: 7299: 7297: 7285: 7283:Further reading 7258: 7251: 7246: 7245: 7235: 7233: 7220: 7219: 7215: 7205: 7203: 7188: 7181: 7172: 7170: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7128: 7127: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7102: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7072: 7071: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7018: 7003: 6999: 6990: 6988: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6959: 6957: 6934: 6930: 6921: 6919: 6908: 6904: 6895: 6893: 6886:www.barrons.com 6878: 6874: 6865: 6863: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6836: 6834: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6806: 6804: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6744: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6701: 6700: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6486: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6455: 6451: 6441: 6439: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6385: 6383: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6339: 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5363: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5341:. 9 July 2022. 5333: 5332: 5328: 5318: 5316: 5311:. 8 July 2022. 5303: 5302: 5298: 5288: 5286: 5281:. 7 July 2022. 5273: 5272: 5268: 5258: 5256: 5251:. 4 July 2022. 5243: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5221:. 4 July 2022. 5213: 5212: 5208: 5198: 5196: 5191:. 1 July 2022. 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5049: 5047: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4989: 4987: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4762: 4761: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4621: 4619: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4556:agoragrandslacs 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4474: 4461: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4399: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4373:Washington Post 4365: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4213: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4177: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4095: 4094: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4060: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4014: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3941: 3939: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3881:. 9 June 2022. 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3747: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3709: 3708: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3684:. 6 June 2022. 3676: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3630: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3598: 3597: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3527: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3476:. 1 June 2022. 3468: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3446:. 7 July 2022. 3438: 3437: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3395: 3394: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3362: 3361: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3325: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3253: 3252: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3212: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3186:. 1 June 2022. 3178: 3177: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3133:. 23 May 2022. 3125: 3124: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3064: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3001: 3000: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2964: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2914: 2913: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2855: 2854: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2828:. 27 May 2022. 2820: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2788: 2777: 2767: 2765: 2752: 2751: 2744: 2734: 2732: 2717: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2671: 2660: 2650: 2648: 2635: 2634: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2555: 2554: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2465: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2415: 2275: 2133: 2127: 2035: 1989: 1983: 1924: 1919: 1854:Sultani Makenga 1805:, November 2012 1792: 1782: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1735: 1670: 1667: 1657: 1656: 1555:Kipupu massacre 1498:Kasika massacre 1493:Lemera massacre 1483: 1478: 1476: 1439: 1416:Boga and Tchabi 1378: 1373: 1371: 1342: 1328:Pretoria Accord 1323:Bogoro massacre 1270: 1265: 1263: 1253: 1206: 1160:Shaba Invasions 1144: 1140:First Congo War 1139: 1137: 1127: 1099: 1095:Shaba Invasions 1094: 1092: 1082: 1020:Simba rebellion 1015:Kwilu rebellion 1010:Kanyarwanda War 950:UN intervention 910: 905: 903: 874: 820: 814: 812: 778: 750: 749: 741: 721: 720: 712: 711: 703: 696: 694: 692: 691:400+ (May 2022) 690: 688: 653: 649: 602:401st Battalion 591:Makenga faction 572: 571:Alphaxard Kiugu 564: 557: 556: 554: 546: 539: 538: 536: 528: 527: 525: 517: 516: 514: 504: 503: 501: 493: 492: 490: 482: 481: 479: 471: 470: 464: 454: 451:Léon Kanyamibwa 450: 445: 436:Sultani Makenga 434: 408:Pro-government 395: 387: 385: 384: 373: 371: 358: 356: 344: 342: 330: 328: 316: 314: 310: 300: 288: 286: 275: 273: 262: 260: 249: 247: 236: 234: 223: 221: 208: 207: 198: 196: 191: 180: 178: 177: 173: 164: 162: 161: 132: 107: 89: 73: 65: 63: 55: 53: 45: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9682: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9577: 9572: 9566: 9564: 9557: 9553: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9488: 9486: 9479: 9473: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9466: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9423: 9414: 9412: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9387: 9382: 9381: 9380: 9375: 9365: 9364: 9363: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9337: 9335: 9328: 9322: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9284: 9279: 9273: 9271: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9261: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9239:Iraqi protests 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9210: 9208: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9172: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9102: 9097: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9079: 9077: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9028: 9026: 9019: 9015: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8889: 8884: 8878: 8876: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8817: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8775: 8773: 8766: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8716:United States 8713: 8711: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8687: 8685: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8615: 8613: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8594: 8593: 8583: 8577: 8575: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8497: 8496: 8489: 8482: 8474: 8465: 8464: 8452: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8379: 8378: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8356:Bwito Chiefdom 8353: 8348: 8342: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8319: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8244: 8243: 8241:Dongo conflict 8238: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8145: 8141: 8140: 8119: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8096: 8087: 8086: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8061: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8032: 8030:Child soldiers 8026: 8024: 8023:related topics 8018: 8017: 8015: 8014: 8013:(1987–present) 8008: 8007:(1963–present) 8001: 7999: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7950:Dongo conflict 7946: 7944: 7936: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7901: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7889: 7881: 7876: 7870: 7868: 7864:AFD insurgency 7857: 7856: 7851: 7850: 7849: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7823: 7821: 7820:(2004–present) 7809: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7800: 7793: 7785: 7783: 7779:Ituri conflict 7772: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7759: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7727:Ituri conflict 7723: 7715: 7713: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7670: 7665: 7659: 7657: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7645: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7618: 7612: 7610: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7569:Kindu atrocity 7566: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7484: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7422:Congo Arab war 7418: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7391: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7373: 7372: 7365: 7358: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7324: 7305: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7277:. 25 May 2022. 7250: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7213: 7179: 7147: 7121: 7095: 7058: 7027: 6997: 6983:. 2024-02-07. 6966: 6928: 6902: 6872: 6858:. 2023-10-26. 6843: 6829:. 2023-10-10. 6814: 6784: 6754: 6724: 6691: 6661: 6631: 6601: 6571: 6541: 6511: 6494:Anadolu Agency 6480: 6449: 6419: 6393: 6363: 6337: 6308: 6294:. 2022-12-08. 6276: 6246: 6220: 6194: 6168: 6142: 6116: 6090: 6064: 6045: 6015: 5989: 5959: 5929: 5898: 5868: 5838: 5808: 5778: 5748: 5718: 5688: 5658: 5628: 5596: 5566: 5536: 5506: 5476: 5446: 5416: 5386: 5356: 5326: 5296: 5266: 5236: 5206: 5176: 5146: 5116: 5086: 5056: 5042:. 2022-07-25. 5027: 4997: 4967: 4937: 4907: 4876: 4845: 4815: 4785: 4752: 4722: 4692: 4658: 4628: 4603: 4573: 4543: 4513: 4483: 4469:. 2022-06-16. 4454: 4424: 4390: 4359: 4329: 4298: 4268: 4238: 4202: 4168: 4137: 4118: 4085: 4051: 4039: 3997: 3972: 3965:. 2022-05-27. 3948: 3918: 3896: 3866: 3854:United Nations 3838: 3821:Deutsche Welle 3808: 3772: 3732: 3699: 3669: 3636: 3621: 3578: 3548: 3533:. New Vision. 3521: 3491: 3461: 3418: 3385: 3350: 3316: 3276: 3237: 3201: 3148: 3111: 3085: 3055: 3024: 2989: 2937: 2904: 2878: 2843: 2813: 2775: 2742: 2696: 2658: 2611: 2578: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2502: 2493: 2489:United Nations 2479: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2464: 2463:Motives of M23 2461: 2422:Main article: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2295:Patrick Muyaya 2274: 2271: 2126: 2123: 2094:Uhuru Kenyatta 2075:Sylvain Ekenge 2034: 2031: 1982: 1979: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1903:Mount Sabyinyo 1781: 1778: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1701:Dongo conflict 1698: 1697: 1696: 1686: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1622:Masambo attack 1619: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1467: 1460: 1452: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1375:Ituri conflict 1370: 1369: 1362: 1355: 1347: 1341: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1156: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1043: 1036: 1029: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1000: 998:Kindu atrocity 995: 988: 987: 986: 974: 969: 964: 959: 947: 946: 945: 940: 939: 938: 928: 920: 915: 912: 911: 902: 901: 894: 887: 879: 873: 872: 867: 866: 865: 860: 850: 849: 848: 838: 832: 831: 825: 822: 821: 811: 810: 803: 796: 788: 780: 779: 777: 776: 775: 774: 771: 765: 762: 761: 739: 735: 734: 730: 729: 701: 684: 683: 679: 678: 677: 676: 675: 674: 673:35th Battalion 671: 670:25th Battalion 659:Regional Force 644: 643: 640: 635: 630: 629: 628: 623: 622: 621: 605: 604: 603: 593: 592: 589: 580: 579: 578:Units involved 575: 574: 524:Muhindo Lwanzo 452: 428: 427: 423: 422: 421: 420: 415: 412: 406: 382:Mission in DRC 369: 368: 354: 340: 326: 298: 297: 284: 271: 258: 245: 232: 193: 154: 153: 149: 148: 145: 144: 134: 128: 127: 126: 125: 113: 109: 108: 98: 96: 92: 91: 83: 75: 74: 64: 54: 44: 34: 33: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9681: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9591: 9586: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9561: 9558: 9554: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9518: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9483: 9480: 9476:Australia and 9474: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9409: 9403: 9400: 9396: 9395:M23 offensive 9393: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9323: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9268: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9202: 9196: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9074: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9016: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8910: 8907: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8765:South America 8763: 8753: 8750: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8717: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8679: 8677:North America 8675: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8639:African Union 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8495: 8490: 8488: 8483: 8481: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8462: 8461: 8450: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8316: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8294:M23 offensive 8292: 8290: 8289:M23 rebellion 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8251:Kivu conflict 8248: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8117: 8112: 8110: 8105: 8103: 8098: 8097: 8094: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8019: 8012: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921:M23 rebellion 7919: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7897: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7874:Beni massacre 7872: 7871: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7852: 7848: 7847:Uvira clashes 7845: 7844: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7817:Kivu conflict 7814: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7675: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7644: 7641: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7607: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7533:Niemba ambush 7531: 7529: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7406:Belgian Congo 7404: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7371: 7366: 7364: 7359: 7357: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7315: 7311: 7306: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7257: 7253: 7252: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7217: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7184: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7151: 7135: 7131: 7125: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6986: 6982: 6981: 6976: 6970: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6696: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6605: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6484: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6367: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6182: 6178: 6172: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5902: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5540: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5300: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5240: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5150: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4920:Daily Monitor 4917: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4890:Daily Monitor 4887: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4859:Daily Monitor 4856: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4828:Daily Monitor 4825: 4819: 4803: 4799: 4798:Daily Monitor 4795: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4757: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4705:Daily Monitor 4702: 4696: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4670: 4662: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4618: 4617:National Post 4614: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4487: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4458: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4412: 4408: 4407:Daily Monitor 4404: 4397: 4395: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4302: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4173: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4135:, p. 11. 4134: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4106: 4102: 4101:aljazeera.com 4098: 4092: 4090: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4058: 4056: 4049:, p. 10. 4048: 4043: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3922: 3906: 3900: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3760: 3756: 3755:Daily Monitor 3752: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3641: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3323: 3321: 3304: 3300: 3299:The New Times 3296: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3225: 3221: 3220:The New Times 3217: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3099: 3095: 3089: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3060: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2977: 2974:(in German). 2973: 2969: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2893:. 3 July 2022 2892: 2888: 2882: 2866: 2862: 2861:Daily Monitor 2858: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2749: 2747: 2730: 2726: 2725:Daily Monitor 2722: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2523: 2506: 2497: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2470: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2452:Jason Stearns 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2410: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2249: 2242:, July 2022. 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2183: 2176: 2174: 2173:Yusuf Mboneza 2170: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2039: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1995: 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