653:
1246:, have reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications. These modern alternatives have some advantages: in addition to their speed, they may be more secure, e.g., because the general public cannot learn the address of the sender or recipient from the envelope, and occasionally traditional items of mail may fail to arrive, e.g. due to vandalism to mailboxes, unfriendly pets, and adverse weather conditions. Mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences, may refuse, officially or otherwise, to deliver mail to a particular address (for instance, if there is no clear path to the door or mailbox). On the other hand, traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and
1357:
817:
4620:
922:
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and require affixing an adhesive stamp (though there have been some cases of a postal authority's issuing non-stamped postcards). Postcards are often printed to promote tourism, with pictures of resorts, tourist attractions or humorous messages on the front and allowing for a short message from the sender to be written on the back. The postage required for postcards is generally less than postage required for standard letters; however, certain technicalities such as their being oversized or having cut-outs, may result in payment of the first-class rate being required.
517:
1139:
502:, under the Ministry of Rites. During the Nguyen dynasty, official documents were transported by horse and other primitive means to stations built about 25-30 kilometers apart. In 1904, three wireless communication offices were established, and in early 1906 they were merged with the postal service to form the Post and Wireless Office. In 1945, after the August Revolution, the Post and Wireless Office was renamed the Post Office under the Ministry of Transportation. In 1955, the Post Office was upgraded to the Ministry of Post.
128:
1605:), third class (bulk advertisements), and fourth-class mail (books and media packages). First-Class Mail prices are based on both the shape and weight of the item being mailed. Pieces over 13 ounces can be sent as Priority Mail. As of 2011 42% of First-Class Mail arrived the next day, 27% in two days, and 31% in three. The USPS expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause about 51% to arrive in two days and most of the rest in three. The Canada Post counterpart is Lettermail.
46:
4514:
798:
1038:
4526:
668:
1303:). There have been methods which have combined mail and some of these newer methods, such as temporary emails, that combine facsimile transmission with overnight delivery. These vehicles commonly use a mechanical or electro-mechanical standardised writing (typing), that on the one hand makes for more efficient communication, while on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail, such as
256:
1386:. In some cases, when demand greatly exceeds supply, their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value, even after use. For some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a significant source of revenue; for example, stamps from Tokelau, South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Niuafoʻou and many others. Stamp collecting is commonly known as
1717:
1669:) to be attached to the outside of envelopes and bulk mailings, afterwards extending the test for an unspecified period. The repositionable note may be fixed directly to the address side of First-Class Mail and Standard Mail letter-size mailpieces. These mailpieces must meet the standards in 7.2 through 7.6. The note is included as an integral part of the mailpiece for weight and postage rate and must be accounted for in pricing.
381:
1627:
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1511:
871:
4146:
705:, taking advantage of a singular quality of this bird, which when taken far from its nest is able to find its way home due to a particularly developed sense of orientation. Messages were then tied around the legs of the pigeon, which was freed and could reach its original nest. By the 19th century, homing pigeons were used extensively for military communications.
1450:
973:
process of sending letter-like messages nearly instantaneous, and in many cases and situations correspondents use email where they previously would have used letters. The volume of paper mail sent through the U.S. Postal
Service has declined by more than 15% since its peak at 213 billion pieces per annum in 2006.
1397:, a document written on a single robust sheet of paper, usually decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides, and short messages on a small part of the other side, that also contained the space for the address. In strict philatelic usage, the postcard is to be distinguished from the
557:(1368 to 1644) sought a postal system to deliver mail quickly, securely, and cheaply. Adequate speed was always a problem, because of the slow overland transportation system, and underfunding. Its network had 1,936 posthouses every 60 li along major routes, with fresh horses available every 10 li between them. The
1964:
In
Australia, Canada, and the U.S., the term "mail" is commonly used for the postal system and for the letters, postcards, and parcels it carries; in New Zealand, "post" is more common for the postal system and "mail" for the material delivered; in the UK, "post" prevails in both senses. However, the
1150:
Documents should generally not be read by anyone other than the addressee; for example, in the United States of
America it is a violation of federal law for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail. There are exceptions however: executives often assign secretaries or assistants
1734:
Larger envelopes are also sent through the mail. These are often composed of a stronger material than standard envelopes and are often used by businesses to transport documents that may not be folded or damaged, such as legal documents and contracts. Due to their size, larger envelopes are sometimes
1692:
for new subscriptions. Inside many magazines are postage-paid subscription cards that a reader can fill out and mail back to the publishing company to be billed for a subscription to the magazine. In this fashion, magazines also use postcards for other purposes, including reader surveys, contests or
1684:
are small message cards that are sent by mail unenveloped; the distinction often, though not invariably and reliably, drawn between them is that "postal cards" are issued by the postal authority or entity with the "postal indicia" (or "stamp") preprinted on them, while postcards are privately issued
418:
were sometimes used as mail chariots in ancient India. Couriers were used militarily by kings and local rulers to deliver information through runners and other carriers. The postmaster, the head of the intelligence service, was responsible for ensuring the maintenance of the courier system. Couriers
445:
of 1837 provided that the
Governor-General of India in Council had the exclusive right of conveying letters by post for hire within the territories of the East India Company. The mails were available to certain officials without charge, which became a controversial privilege as the years passed. On
1544:
companies and other service providers. These letters often contain a self-addressed envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the company easily. While still very common, many people now opt to use online bill payment services, which eliminate the need to receive bills through the
1536:
Handwritten correspondence, while once a major means of communications between distant people, is now used less frequently due to the advent of more immediate forms of communication, such as the telephone or email. Traditional letters, however, are often considered to hark back to a "simpler time"
1314:
from standard keyboards. However, the increased use of typewritten or computer-printed letters for personal communication and the advent of email have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy, as a letter has become more of a "special event". Long before email and computer-printed letters, however,
1217:
Mail sent to and from inmates in jails or prisons within the United States is subject to opening and review by jail or prison staff to determine if the mail has any criminal action dictated or provides means for an escape. The only mail that is not able to be read is attorney-client mail, which is
1072:
Before about the mid-nineteenth century, in regions where postal systems existed, the payment models varied, but most mail was sent unpaid requiring the recipient to pay the postage fee. In some regions a partial payment was made by the sender. Today, worldwide, the most common method of prepaying
972:
Modern mail is organized by national and privatized services, which are reciprocally connected by international regulations, organizations and international agreements. Paper letters and parcels can be sent to almost any country in the world relatively easily and cheaply. The
Internet has made the
367:
described the system in this way: "It is said that as many days as there are in the whole journey, so many are the men and horses that stand along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a day's journey; and these are stayed neither by snow nor rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing
1791:
of mail from the mail generator's computer directly to a Postal
Service provider. The Postal Service provider is then able to use electronic means to have the mail piece sorted, routed and physically produced at a site closest to the delivery point. It is a type of mail growing in popularity with
1123:
that it is no longer valid for pre-payment of postage. The exceptions are when the agent forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece, for stamps that are pre-cancelled and thus do not require cancellation and for, in most cases, metered mail. (The "personalized stamps" authorized by the USPS and
1104:
to be printed out on a PC printer, obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and allowing companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the option; this was later expanded to test the use of personalized postage. The service provided by the U.S. Postal
Service in 2003
1025:
in most other countries) in order to facilitate the automation of operations. This also includes placing additional marks on the address portion of the letter or mailed object, called "bar coding". Bar coding of mail for delivery is usually expressed either by a series of vertical bars, usually
787:, is often considered the first modern postal service in the world, which initiated a revolution in communication in Europe. The system combined contemporary technical and organization means to create a stable transcontinental service which was also the first to offer (fee-based) public access.
629:
The modern
Japanese system was developed in the mid-19th century, closely copying European models. Japan was highly innovative in developing the world's largest and most successful postal savings system and later a postal life insurance system as well. Postmasters play a key role in linking the
1738:
Packages are often sent through some postal services, usually requiring additional postage than an average letter or postcard. Many postal services have limitations as to what a package may or may not contain, usually placing limits or bans on perishable, hazardous or flammable materials. Some
1193:
There have been cases over the millennia of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of private mail. Subject to the laws in the relevant jurisdiction, correspondence may be openly or covertly opened, or the contents determined via some other method, by the police or other
1213:
to and from soldiers is often subject to surveillance. The mail is censored to prevent leaking tactical secrets, such as troop movements or weather conditions. Depending on the country, civilian mail containing military secrets can also be monitored and censored.
1638:
Registered mail allows the location and in particular the correct delivery of a letter to be tracked. It is usually considerably more expensive than regular mail, and is typically used for valuable items. Registered mail is constantly tracked through the system.
1201:
The mail service may be allowed to open the mail if neither addressee nor sender can be located, in order to attempt to locate either. Mail service may also open the mail to inspect if it contains materials that are hazardous to transport or violate local laws.
1151:
the task of handling their mail; and postcards do not require opening and can be read by anyone. For mail contained within an envelope, there are legal provisions in some jurisdictions allowing the recording of identities of sender and recipient.
561:
operated 1,785 posthouses throughout their lands. More efficient, however, was the system linking the international settlements, centered around
Shanghai and the Treaty ports. It was the main communication system for China's international trade.
892:
In the United
Kingdom, prior to 1840 letters were paid for by the recipient and the cost was determined by the distance from sender to recipient and the number of sheets of paper rather than by a countrywide flat rate with weight restrictions.
630:
Japanese political system to local politics. The postmasters are high prestige, and are often hereditary. To a large extent, the postal system generated the enormous funding necessary to rapidly industrialize Japan in the late 19th century.
605:
By the end of Kublai Khan's rule, there were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone, which in turn had at their disposal about 50,000 horses, 1,400 oxen, 6,700 mules, 400 carts, 6,000 boats, more than 200 dogs, and 1,150 sheep.
616:
Each station was maintained by up to twenty five families. Work for postal service counted as military service. The system was still operational in 18th century when 64 stations were required for a message to cross Mongolia from the
3095:"The Paris Hotel de la Poste / VB mansion, connecting point of the Post in the Bourbon territories and operated by the Pajot & Rouille family and the Post in the Habsburg territories operated by the Thurn & Taxis family"
553:(618 to 907 AD) operated a recorded 1,639 posthouses, including maritime offices, employing around 20,000 people. The system was administered by the Ministry of War and private correspondence was forbidden from the network. The
601:
but were also available for travelling officials, military men, and foreign dignitaries. These stations aided and facilitated the transport of foreign and domestic tribute specifically and the conduct of trade in general.
1608:
The British Royal Mail's 1st Class, as it is styled, is simply a priority option over 2nd Class, at a slightly higher cost. Royal Mail aims (but does not guarantee) to deliver all 1st Class letters the day after posting.
844:
836:, into real estate, most of it continuing to exist today. The Phone Book of the World has its roots in the long history of the avant-garde telecommunications family Thurn & Taxis. The directory is the result of
1342:, postal services in industrialized nations have seen a major shift to item shipping. This has been seen as a boost to the system's usage in the wake of lower paper mail volume due to the accessibility of email.
3387:
328:(722 BCE). Mail may not have been the primary mission of this postal service, however. The role of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called
766:
In 1716, Correos y Telégrafos was established in Spain as public mail service, available to all citizens. Delivery postmen were first employed in 1756 and post boxes were installed firstly in 1762.
77:. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a
4786:
1792:
some Post Office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market. In some countries, these services are available to print and deliver emails to those who are unable to receive
1597:
in the U.S. includes postcards, letters, large envelopes (flats), and small packages, providing each piece weighs 13 ounces (370 g) or less. Delivery is given priority over second-class (
1765:
are also sent through postal services. Many magazines are simply placed in the mail normally (but in the U.S., they are printed with a special bar code that acts as pre-paid postage – see
1773:
to protect the loose contents of the magazine. During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, newspapers and magazines were normally posted using
1642:
Recorded mail is handled just like ordinary mail with the exception that it has to be signed for on receipt. This is useful for legal documents where proof of delivery is required.
1578:) and then send letters advertising their product or service to all recipients. Other times, commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advertising local products, like a
840:
transmitting PTT culture to a student and helping with the opening of a small Telephone Boutique next to a historic Postal mansion his ancestors used to go to centuries earlier.
1586:
store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general area. Bulk mail is also often sent to companies' existing subscriber bases, advertising new products or services.
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continue to use the Thurn & Taxis Post Horn in their company logo just like the global Phone Book of the World based in the old Postal mansion of King Louis XIV in Paris.
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The practice of communication by written documents carried by an intermediary from one person or place to another almost certainly dates back nearly to the invention of
3616:
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316:(550 BCE), who mandated that every province in his kingdom would organize reception and delivery of post to each of its citizens. Other writers credit his successor
1116:
Internet-based system, allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes. Similar systems are being considered by postal administrations around the world.
809:
For 500 years the postal business based in Brussels and in Frankfurt was passed from one generation to another. Following the abolition of the Empire in 1806, the
2367:
2537:
1537:
and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful about their communication. An example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person.
1401:, which has a pre-printed postage on the card. The fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver often causes the messages to be written in
372:, although it uses the translation "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds".
909:
as alternative ways of getting the sender to pay for the postage, at a time when prepayment was optional, which led to the invention of the postage stamp, the
2180:
Long-Distance Trade and Economy before and during the Age of Empires." Revolutionizing a World: From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
282:
used couriers to send out decrees throughout the territory of the state (2400 BCE). The earliest surviving piece of mail is also Egyptian, dating to 255 BCE.
2486:
3207:
2100:
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1574:, although it has other uses as well. The senders of these messages sometimes purchase lists of addresses (which are sometimes targeted towards certain
2642:
Lane J. Harris, "Stumbling towards empire: the Shanghai Local Post Office, the transnational British community and informal empire in China, 1863–97".
813:
system continued as a private organization into the postage stamp era before being absorbed into the postal system of the new German Empire after 1871.
112:
1085:
is a method of creating postage-prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine. They are used by companies with large mail programs, such as
3497:
414:. The Mauryans developed early Indian mail service as well as public wells, rest houses, and other facilities for the public. Common chariots called
3152:
1653:. Under this legislation any document which its relevant law requires service by registered post can also be lawfully served by recorded delivery.
2438:
744:
system managed routes between the cities of Jerusalem, Ramla, Tyre, Ascalon, Damascus, Aleppo, and Fustat with year-round, regular mail delivery.
609:
The stations were 25 to 65 km (16 to 40 mi) apart and had reliable attendants working for the mail service. Foreign observers, such as
3328:
3927:
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are sent to their owners through the mail. The card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons.
833:
821:
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When the pre-paid envelope or package is accepted into the mail by an agent of the postal service, the agent usually indicates by means of a
3747:
3181:
988:
The worldwide postal system constituting the individual national postal systems of the world's self-governing states is coordinated by the
2828:
Alvaro Escribano, Patricia González, and Julio Lasheras. "Evolution and Analysis of the Market Structure of Postal Services in Spain" in
1250:, and the recipient does not need to print it out if they wish to have a paper copy, though scanning is required to make a digital copy.
1057:, on 9 September 1911. Some methods of airmail proved ineffective, however, including the United States Postal Service's experiment with
802:
3642:
2893:
639:
437:
By the end of the 18th century, a postal system in India was in operation. Later this system underwent complete modernization when the
3416:
1045:
The ordinary mail service was improved in the 20th century with the use of planes for a quicker delivery. The world's first scheduled
3692:
1545:
mail. Paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail. Many tax documents are as well.
1310:
This epoch is undoubtedly mainly dominated by mechanical writing, with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic
1034:. The "block of dots" method allows for the encoding of proof of payment of postage, exact routing for delivery, and other features.
3776:
3562:
169:
began to appear as a reference for a bag that contained letters: "bag full of letter" (1654). Over the next hundred years the word
96:(PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for
3513:
4445:
4376:
4130:
4080:
3350:
3291:
2122:
1525:
Letter-sized mail constitutes the bulk of the contents sent through most postal services. These are usually documents printed on
4024:
2784:
2061:
3070:"Thurn & Taxis pushing a comeback of Telecom activities in Paris, next to the last, still existing historic Postal mansion"
3438:
2274:
1408:
Letters are often studied as an example of literature, and also in biography in the case of a famous person. A portion of the
363:) would ride to the next post, whereupon he would swap his horse with a fresh one for maximum performance and delivery speed.
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3953:
3844:
3810:
3667:
3028:
2994:
2960:
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2853:
2196:
1175:
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2606:
2147:
434:
used mail service for espionage purposes thereby acquiring knowledge related to matters that took place at great distances.
149:, referring to a travelling bag or pack. It was spelled in that manner until the 17th century and is distinct from the word
4683:
2802:
Goldberg, Jessica, "Trade and Institutions in the Medieval Mediterranean : The Geniza Merchants and Their Business World".
2462:
597:, this system also covered the territory of China. Postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of
2210:
4351:
2011:
1171:
538:, which would be the oldest mailing service in the world. The earliest credible system of couriers was initiated by the
4414:
4356:
4125:
3587:
2094:
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The postal service was one of Korea's first attempts at modernization. The Joseon Post Office was established in 1884.
3748:"Marketing 'Notes' Extended for Additional Year: U.S. Postal Service Governors Issue Decision on Repositionable Notes"
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1253:
Physical mail is still widely used in business and personal communications for such reasons as legal requirements for
4120:
4110:
2887:
2740:
1348:
have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format.
1124:
manufactured by Zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus do not need to be cancelled.)
259:
Many early post systems consisted of fixed courier routes. Here, a post house on a postal route in the 19th century
4841:
4409:
2763:
1721:
778:
111:(UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a
3289:
Article 8(1): Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
270:. However, the development of formal postal systems occurred much later. The first documented use of an organized
4638:
4467:
4115:
3204:
2084:
1553:
28:
3494:
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3098:
3073:
894:
93:
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3608:
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1939:
1810:
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Numerous countries, including Sweden (1 January 1993), New Zealand (1998 and 2003), Germany (2005 and 2007),
781:
established a postal system in the Empire, appointing Franz von Taxis to run it. This system, originally the
490:. This service was reserved for government correspondence. Yet another service for citizens was later added.
4419:
3883:
3412:
2391:
1970:
1847:
1796:, such as the elderly or infirm. Services provided by Hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of
1662:
1462:
1198:(largely in the past, though there is apparently some continuance of their use today) opened extralegally.
1097:
847:
837:
217:
1739:
hazardous materials in limited quantities may be shipped with appropriate markings and packaging, like an
652:
4073:
1914:
1424:
to Christian congregations in various parts of the Roman Empire. See below for a list of famous letters.
1273:
1190:
control, with the mail and packages often surveyed and their contents sometimes edited out (or even in).
794:
family, then known as Tassis, had operated postal services between Italian city-states from 1290 onward.
32:
3144:
1747:
concerns, the U.S. Postal Service subjects their packages to numerous security tests, often scanning or
1064:
Receipt services were made available in order to grant the sender a confirmation of effective delivery.
4105:
997:
828:
1867 July 1 the State of Prussia had to make a compensation payment of 3.000.000 Thalers reinvested by
320:(521 BCE). Other sources claim much earlier dates for an Assyrian postal system, with credit given to
4781:
4648:
4569:
4183:
3325:
2845:
Kommunikation und Konfrontation: Diplomatie und Gesandtschaftswesen Kaiser Maximilians I. (1486–1519)
1493:, this included (from 2003) its right to be the sole New Zealand postal administration member of the
1167:
981:
Some countries have organized their mail services as public limited liability corporations without a
829:
535:
1965:
British, American, Australian, and Canadian national postal services are called, respectively, the "
1077:
to be applied to the envelope before mailing; a much less common method is to use a postage-prepaid
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1159:
369:
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2231:
843:
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1882:
1816:
511:
401:
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3174:
2538:"70 năm Ngành Bưu điện Việt Nam: Thông tin liên lạc trong 9 năm kháng chiến chống thực dân Pháp"
859:
4457:
4066:
4032:
3123:
2235:
1877:
1494:
1356:
1163:
1155:
989:
883:
783:
108:
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The postal system was important in the development of modern transportation. Railways carried
92:
Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a
4542:
3638:
2950:
2877:
2843:
1631:
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Bills and invoices are often sent through the mail, like regular billing correspondence from
1458:
1300:
1276:". Occasionally, the term "white mail" has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail.
816:
24:
3408:
2779:
François L. Ganshof, "The impact of Charlemagne on the institutions of the Frankish realm".
964:
opened new business opportunities as people often get items bought online through the mail.
81:, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive
4846:
4562:
4258:
3861:
2684:
The people's post office: The history and politics of the Japanese postal system, 1871–2010
810:
325:
245:
to distinguish it from the quicker email. Various dates have been given for its first use.
3688:
2629:
Chelsea Zi Wang, "More Haste, Less Speed: Sources of Friction in the Ming Postal System".
1434:
tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters.
8:
4854:
4178:
3772:
3546:
2563:"Dấu mốc ngành Bưu điện từ thời kháng chiến đến thời tách quản lý nhà nước và kinh doanh"
2270:
1894:
1839:
1788:
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1530:
1438:
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934:
921:
902:
516:
78:
1364:
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4299:
4145:
3921:
3803:
Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India
3524:
2202:
1872:
1700:
to their members with a message to be signed and sent to a politician (e.g. to promote
1469:. Different mailboxes are also provided for local and express service. (The USPS has a
1345:
1054:
898:
887:
775:
499:
317:
3821:
1264:, which is almost always much faster, the postal system has come to be referred to in
4669:
4599:
4135:
3968:
3949:
3840:
3806:
3554:
3024:
2990:
2956:
2922:
2883:
2849:
2736:
2260:
Herodotus, Herodotus, trans. A.D. Godley, vol. 4, book 8, verse 98, pp. 96–97 (1924).
2192:
2090:
2053:
1822:
1454:
1206:
1138:
1133:
961:
953:
694:, for the name of the towers built to protect the roads by which couriers travelled.
690:
431:
368:
their appointed course with all speed". The verse prominently features on New York's
352:
3446:
1257:, requirements of etiquette, and the requirement to enclose small physical objects.
4676:
4518:
4452:
4284:
4163:
4006:
2184:
1986:
1867:
1705:
1571:
1567:
1490:
1466:
1429:
1379:
992:, which among other things sets international postage rates, defines standards for
797:
720:
74:
70:
4019:
From Thurn & Taxis to Phone Book of the World - 7 centuries of Telecom History
3663:
3236:
3120:"Phone Book of the World using the Thurn & Taxis Posthorn in the company logo"
1720:
This antique "letter-box" style U.S. mailbox is both on display and in use at the
941:
became the transport of choice for inter-continental mail. Postmen started to use
410:(322–185 BCE) stimulated sustained development of civil infrastructure in ancient
4816:
4289:
4233:
3901:
A Concise History of the French Post Office: From Its Origins to the Present Time
3332:
3273:
3211:
3018:
2791:
2767:
2714:
1934:
1797:
1621:
791:
760:
618:
470:
465:
455:
427:
388:
adhesive stamps to signify the prepayment of postage began on 1 July 1852 in the
313:
97:
36:
1194:
authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy, although
1100:
authorised the first tests of a secure system of sending digital franks via the
304:
The first credible claim for the development of a real postal system comes from
4709:
4253:
4097:
3547:"Handwritten Notes Are a Rare Commodity. They're Also More Important Than Ever"
2206:
2178:
1974:
1827:
1541:
1470:
1265:
982:
957:
407:
305:
140:
116:
1999:
4869:
4765:
4724:
4704:
4604:
4462:
4404:
4320:
4243:
4238:
4213:
3865:
3558:
3501:
1666:
1526:
1409:
1371:
1335:
1218:
covered under the attorney-client confidentiality laws in the United States.
1210:
1074:
1031:
993:
906:
855:
805:(1681–1739), still today part of the logo of the Whitepages in many countries
698:
598:
586:
532:
360:
356:
333:
295:
127:
86:
82:
45:
4811:
3999:
3583:
2487:"Công tác thông tin liên lạc từ sau Cách mạng tháng 8 năm 1945 đến năm 1954"
2188:
1049:
post service took place in the United Kingdom between the London suburbs of
952:
came to change the conditions for physical mail. Email (and in recent years
581:
571:
396:
district, as part of a comprehensive reform of the district's postal system.
4836:
4831:
4826:
4745:
4366:
4315:
4294:
4279:
1904:
1857:
1728:
1575:
1549:
1514:
1417:
1339:
1316:
1195:
1183:
901:
and prepayment. In his proposal, Hill also called for official pre-printed
729:
590:
576:
558:
554:
550:
173:
began to be applied strictly to the letters themselves and the sack as the
4058:
3175:"USPS volume report by The Boston Consulting Group on USPS public website"
2414:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2392:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2368:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
2343:"Lịch sử Bưu điện Việt Nam: Hành trình từ thời Nguyễn đến thời Pháp thuộc"
1497:, thus the ending of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name New Zealand.
1283:
has combined electronic and paper delivery. Electronic mechanisms include
1037:
4821:
4760:
4755:
4714:
4248:
4228:
4208:
4203:
3988:
3909:
1982:
1978:
1944:
1929:
1919:
1780:
1677:
1612:
In Austria priority delivery mail is called Prio, in Switzerland A-Post.
1398:
1304:
1288:
1280:
1090:
1058:
1021:
910:
875:
748:
708:
702:
667:
594:
539:
528:
438:
423:
385:
221:
2760:
380:
4806:
4750:
4361:
4325:
4188:
1966:
1899:
1833:
1770:
1758:
1701:
1630:
Multi-franked registered mail from Crete using Greek stamps during the
1579:
1375:
1179:
1109:
1105:
allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive-backed labels.
942:
610:
498:
In 1802, the first Vietnamese postal service was established under the
479:
291:
209:
190:
1751:
packages for materials that might be found in biological materials or
446:
this basis the Indian Post Office was established on October 1, 1837.
255:
4696:
4440:
4223:
4168:
3891:
Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse
3094:
3069:
2729:
Silverstein, Adam (2006). "Post, or Barid". In Meri, Josef W. (ed.).
1752:
1744:
1697:
1665:
introduced a test allowing "repositionable notes" (for example, 3M's
1598:
1559:
1489:
opened up the postal services market to new entrants. In the case of
1482:
1387:
1320:
1254:
1231:
1227:
1003:
In most countries a system of codes has been created (referred to as
756:
543:
527:
Some Chinese sources claim mail or postal systems dating back to the
364:
321:
237:, short for "electronic mail", first appeared in the 1970s. The term
2918:
The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
2732:
Medieval Islamic Civilization, An Encyclopedia, Volume 2: L–Z, Index
1716:
1154:
The privacy of correspondence is guaranteed by the constitutions of
657:
4740:
4218:
4198:
4173:
4012:
3237:"United States Code: Title 18, 1702. Obstruction of correspondence"
1924:
1909:
1762:
1689:
1681:
1602:
1394:
1390:, although strictly the latter term refers to the study of stamps.
1324:
1311:
1284:
1269:
1101:
1082:
1078:
1005:
949:
938:
759:, and churches. The best organization, however, was created by the
579:
installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named
341:
309:
299:
242:
101:
66:
4043:
2848:(in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 98, 99.
1437:
A makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a
4585:
4435:
4381:
4274:
1766:
1626:
1563:
1518:
1421:
1247:
1187:
1046:
1027:
1015:
926:
711:
extended to the whole territory of his empire the system used by
672:
279:
271:
267:
260:
50:
3239:. Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School.
2271:"First Issues Collectors Club of stamps and philatelic material"
1533:(8.5×11 inches), or smaller paper and placed in envelopes.
956:
sites) became a fierce competitor to physical mail systems, but
144:
3712:
for example documents served under The Law of Property Act 1925
3445:. United States Embassy, Bulgaria. 25 June 1990. Archived from
1784:
1583:
1402:
1178:. The control of the contents inside private citizens' mail is
1050:
747:
Many religious orders had a private mail service. Notably, the
733:
712:
684:
661:
613:, have attested to the efficiency of this early postal system.
389:
337:
193:
2815:
Marco Mostert, "New approaches to medieval communication?" in
2511:
2439:"70 năm truyền thống của Ngành Bưu điện: Những dấu ấn lịch sử"
2176:
1510:
1146:
for unsticking of envelopes during correspondence surveillance
870:
3801:
Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami; S. Krishnaswami A. (2004).
1862:
1793:
1748:
1740:
1486:
1413:
1383:
1296:
1261:
1243:
1235:
752:
679:
520:
482:, a parallel service was established with two-wheeled carts (
411:
393:
345:
275:
233:
199:
20:
2830:
Competitive Transformation of the Postal and Delivery Sector
1449:
3052:"Thurn and Taxis postal system European history Britannica"
2583:"Ngành TT&TT: Tiếp bước cội nguồn - Khởi tạo tương lai"
1331:
1086:
716:
487:
461:
181:
to refer to letters being sent abroad (i.e. on a ship) and
165:
is the Irish term for a bag. In the 17th century, the word
150:
4554:
3800:
3723:"Postal Service Helps Businesses "Stick" to their Message"
2879:
Digital Communication: Communication, Multimedia, Security
2697:
Beyond Our Means: Why America Spends While the World Saves
1142:"The Steamboat" – mobile steaming equipment used by Czech
16:
System for transporting documents and other small packages
4017:
3020:
Alphabet to Internet: Mediated Communication in Our Lives
1645:
In the United Kingdom recorded delivery mail (branded as
1582:
delivery service advertising to their delivery area or a
1292:
1239:
1143:
332:, a term that in time came to indicate a tax system. The
274:
service for the dissemination of written documents is in
198:, which ultimately stems from the past participle of the
3837:
Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction
3834:
1521:, Portugal (1st class mail in blue and 2nd class in red)
736:, Egypt wrote about using a postal service known as the
1566:, and processing at reduced rates. It is often used in
3914:
Encyclopedia of British Empire Postage Stamps (v. III)
3470:"How Did Mail Art Develop into a Global Art Movement?"
2986:
History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders
945:. The handling of mail became increasingly automated.
406:
The economic growth and political stability under the
4052:
2882:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 31.
2710:"Korea's first modern postal service started in 1884"
2286:
First Issues Collectors Club (retrieved 25 September)
1279:
Mainly during the 20th century, experimentation with
1182:
and concerns social, political, and legal aspects of
460:
The first well-documented postal service was that of
3943:
3119:
2915:
Pavlac, Brian A.; Lott, Elizabeth S. (1 June 2019).
2735:. Leiden and New York: Routledge. pp. 631–632.
1634:
to Egypt in 1914 showing numbered registration label
1562:
is mail that is prepared for bulk mailing, often by
1221:
897:
reformed the postal system based on the concepts of
678:
Another important postal service was created in the
542:(206 BCE – 220 CE), who had relay stations every 30
185:
to refer to letters for domestic delivery. The word
2607:"Lịch sử 70 năm phát triển của ngành GTVT Việt Nam"
728:In the mid-11th century, flax traders known as the
2983:Rossum, Gerhard Dohrn-van; Dohrn, Gerhard (1996).
2948:
1989:" are found throughout the English-speaking world.
916:
177:. In the 19th century, the British typically used
3380:"A Blind Spot in Attorney-Client Confidentiality"
2463:"Kỷ niệm 75 năm Ngày truyền thống ngành Bưu điện"
1453:In the United States, private companies, such as
1186:. International mail and packages are subject to
348:, used couriers for communicating his decisions.
4867:
3476:. Widewalls Modern & Contemporary Art Source
2183:. University College London Press. p. 177.
2027:, G. & C. Merriam Company, 1963, pp. 662–63.
441:established its control over most of India. The
3280:, January 17, 2006. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
2955:. Princeton University Press. pp. 46, 47.
2670:Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
2467:Trang Tin Điện Tử Đảng Bộ Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh
2083:Radden, Günter; Dirven, René (1 January 2007).
1615:
312:) attributes the invention to the Persian King
3609:"Postal service cuts mean slower mail in 2012"
834:Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
822:Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
4570:
4074:
3944:Mote, Frederick W.; John K. Fairbank (1998).
2535:
1672:
656:An example of a main post office building in
523:4-cent on 100-dollar silver overprint of 1949
3908:
3514:"Frycklund, Jonas "Private Mail in Sweden",
3351:"History comes to life with censored covers"
2989:. University of Chicago Press. p. 336.
2644:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
2082:
419:were also used to deliver personal letters.
208:'to lay down or place'. So in the U.K., the
154:
4088:
3965:Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India
3835:Dorn, Harold; MacClellan, James E. (2006).
3601:
3326:CIA Intelligence Collection About Americans
2982:
2949:Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara (11 May 2021).
2728:
2667:
2025:Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary
803:Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
203:
160:
4577:
4563:
4081:
4067:
3937:The Imperial Post Offices of British India
3926:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3409:"Significant Years in U.S. Postal History"
2914:
2875:
2755:Carter W. Clarke, "Signal Corps Pigeons".
848:Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn & Taxis
838:Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn & Taxis
832:, daughter-in-law of the last postmaster,
640:Postage stamps and postal history of Korea
3262:
3260:
3258:
2542:Tạp chí điện tử Thông tin và Truyền thông
2177:Altaweel, Mark; Andrea Squitieri (2018).
1330:In the 2000s (decade) with the advent of
1127:
468:(62 BCE – 14 CE), the service was called
3934:
3874:. London: John Murray. pp. 288–317.
2876:Meinel, Christoph; Sack, Harald (2014).
2817:New approaches to medieval communication
2123:"Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country"
2089:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 4.
1731:are usually less than 2 kg (4 lb).
1715:
1625:
1509:
1461:, compete with the federal government's
1448:
1374:are also object of a particular form of
1355:
1137:
1036:
920:
869:
842:
815:
796:
751:had one which connected more than 6,000
719:and connected this service with that of
666:
651:
515:
478:) pulled by fast horses. By the time of
379:
254:
126:
65:is a system for physically transporting
44:
4013:The British Postal Museum & Archive
3544:
3149:The British Postal Museum & Archive
2654:
2652:
1981:"; in addition, such fixed phrases as "
1656:
1651:The Recorded Delivery Services Act 1962
850:(1926–1990), heir of the Postal fortune
474:and was provided with light carriages (
4868:
3962:
3880:The history of the British post office
3860:
3855:Royal Mail: The Post Office Since 1840
3819:
3255:
3243:from the original on September 4, 2010
2952:The Holy Roman Empire: A Short History
2896:from the original on 26 September 2021
2841:
1711:
359:), whence the message carrier (called
340:, VIII) makes mention of this system:
4558:
4062:
3419:from the original on 27 February 2015
3345:
3343:
3341:
3292:"European Convention on Human Rights"
2051:
2010:(Unabridged (v 1.1) ed.). 2007.
1176:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1112:in the United Kingdom introduced its
1013:in the United Kingdom and Australia,
355:system worked using stations (called
4537:
4027:British Army Postal Services History
3155:from the original on 22 January 2023
3016:
2649:
2509:
2242:from the original on 10 January 2022
2052:Bauer, Patricia (31 December 2018).
1743:label. Additionally, as a result of
854:Several European Post Carriers like
4352:Mail Isolation Control and Tracking
3619:from the original on 8 October 2013
3267:Back when spies played by the rules
2842:Metzig, Gregor (21 November 2016).
2158:from the original on April 14, 2023
1393:Another form of collecting regards
1172:European Convention on Human Rights
13:
4357:Multiline Optical Character Reader
4144:
4003:(First U.S. street mailbox patent)
3839:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3794:
3467:
3338:
3205:First Class Mail Volume, 1926–2010
2154:. November 22, 1968. p. NY3.
2103:from the original on 14 April 2023
2064:from the original on 12 March 2017
769:
688:Mu'awiyya; the service was called
216:, while in North America both the
153:. The French have a similar word,
14:
4887:
3982:
3882:(Harvard University Press, 1912)
1649:by the Royal Mail) is covered by
1226:Modern alternatives, such as the
1222:Rise of electronic correspondence
1073:postage is by buying an adhesive
878:, the world's first postage stamp
865:
546:(about 15km) along major routes.
4618:
4536:
4525:
4524:
4512:
3963:Prasad, Prakash Chandra (2003).
3867:"Imperial Postal Services"
3773:"Cut-Out Postcard – Postage Due"
3615:. Associated Press. 2011-12-05.
3224:Fifty Years of British Air Mails
2411:
2340:
2041:. Oxford University Press. 2019.
2014:from the original on 2007-02-19.
1722:Smithsonian Institution Building
1696:Postcards are sometimes sent by
1474:
647:
565:
285:
159:, for a trunk or large box, and
4446:most expensive philatelic items
3939:. Calcutta: Phila Publications.
3857:(Athlone, 1985), Great Britain.
3779:from the original on 2006-03-09
3765:
3740:
3715:
3706:
3695:from the original on 2022-05-29
3681:
3670:from the original on 2018-04-23
3656:
3645:from the original on 2018-04-23
3631:
3590:from the original on 2011-10-15
3576:
3565:from the original on 2019-05-29
3538:
3506:
3488:
3461:
3431:
3401:
3390:from the original on 2022-07-01
3372:
3361:from the original on 2022-10-28
3319:
3304:from the original on 2009-01-04
3283:
3229:
3216:
3198:
3187:from the original on 2015-10-25
3167:
3145:"Rowland Hill's Postal Reforms"
3137:
3126:from the original on 2021-10-17
3112:
3101:from the original on 2021-02-27
3087:
3076:from the original on 2021-02-27
3062:
3044:
3010:
2976:
2942:
2908:
2869:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2773:
2749:
2722:
2702:
2689:
2676:
2661:
2636:
2623:
2599:
2575:
2555:
2529:
2503:
2479:
2455:
2431:
2405:
2384:
2360:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2277:from the original on 2012-09-04
2263:
2254:
2224:
2213:from the original on 2022-01-21
2129:from the original on 2023-04-14
1889:Components of a postal system:
1769:), but many are now shipped in
1554:personal identification numbers
1444:
1030:coding or a block of dots as a
976:
917:Modern transport and technology
94:postal, telegraph and telephone
89:is also used for bulk mailing.
29:Postal service (disambiguation)
4055:, a part of the United Nations
3948:. Cambridge University Press.
3946:The Cambridge History of China
3805:. Asian Educational Services.
2170:
2140:
2115:
2076:
2045:
2030:
2018:
1992:
1958:
1589:
967:
1:
3935:Mazumdar, Mohini Lal (1990).
3899:Le Roux, Muriel, et al. eds.
3828:Institute of European History
3222:Baldwin, N. C. (1960), p. 5,
2832:(Springer, 2003) pp. 287–309.
1811:Category Postal organizations
1351:
1323:formed part of the medium of
1299:, and short message service (
308:. The best-documented claim (
3750:. 2007-07-06. Archived from
3725:. 2005-04-05. Archived from
3545:Coleman, John (2013-04-05).
3413:United States Postal Service
3023:. Rada Press. p. 2008.
2536:ictvietnam.vn (2015-11-03).
1971:United States Postal Service
1848:United States Postal Service
1735:charged additional postage.
1663:United States Postal Service
1616:Registered and recorded mail
1477:and Standard Mail delivery.)
1463:United States Postal Service
830:Helene von Thurn & Taxis
824:(1802–1871), last Postmaster
697:By 3000 BC, Egypt was using
131:Mail envelope (back to back)
122:
100:and handle applications for
53:collecting mail for delivery
7:
4584:
4479:List of entities that have
4219:Post box / Mailbox
4044:U.S. National Postal Museum
1803:
1783:, sometimes referred to as
1688:Postcards are also used by
1427:A style of writing, called
1170:, and is alluded to in the
1041:An automated postal machine
998:international reply coupons
996:and operates the system of
937:. During the 20th century,
464:. Organized at the time of
33:Snail Mail (disambiguation)
10:
4892:
4106:Timeline of postal history
3878:Hemmeon, Joseph Clarence.
3872:The Empire and the century
2804:Cambridge University Press
2668:Weatherford, Jack (2004).
1673:Postal cards and postcards
1619:
1505:
1131:
1067:
881:
637:
569:
509:
493:
453:
399:
289:
248:
18:
4799:
4782:American Air Mail Society
4774:
4733:
4695:
4631:
4616:
4592:
4506:
4478:
4428:
4415:Postal systems by country
4390:
4339:
4308:
4267:
4184:Information-Based Indicia
4156:
4142:
4096:
3823:Humanistic Letter-Writing
2921:. ABC-CLIO. p. 255.
2510:Trần, Lành (2021-08-15).
2166:– via Google Books.
2111:– via Google Books.
2086:Cognitive English Grammar
4392:Institutions and systems
4347:Intelligent Mail barcode
4300:Surface Air Lifted (SAL)
3967:. Abhinav Publications.
3689:"Comparison of services"
3017:Fang, Irving E. (2008).
2682:Patricia L. Maclachlan,
1951:
1552:and their corresponding
1500:
1491:New Zealand Post Limited
1382:has been a very popular
633:
624:
505:
375:
370:James Farley Post Office
4090:Mail and postal systems
4048:Smithsonian Institution
3990:A Hundred Years by Post
3551:Harvard Business Review
2759:25.140 (1933): 133–138
2189:10.2307/j.ctt21c4td4.10
2058:Encyclopedia Britannica
1883:List of postal entities
1817:Deutsche Post DHL Group
1032:two-dimensional barcode
929:flight in Germany, 1912
671:Delivery by bicycle in
512:Postal history of China
449:
402:Postal history of India
194:
145:
4468:Philatelic terminology
4150:
4131:Pan-American countries
4053:Universal Postal Union
4033:London Review of Books
4025:Royal Engineers Museum
3820:Almási, Gábor (2010).
3518:Vol. 13, No. 1 (1993)"
3335:(400 KB download)
3226:, Francis J.Field Ltd.
2236:Universal Postal Union
1878:Universal Postal Union
1777:with a stamp imprint.
1725:
1693:information requests.
1635:
1522:
1495:Universal Postal Union
1478:
1368:
1147:
1128:Privacy and censorship
1042:
1009:in the United States,
990:Universal Postal Union
930:
884:Uniform Fourpenny Post
879:
851:
825:
806:
784:Kaiserliche Reichspost
675:
664:
524:
397:
263:
204:
161:
155:
132:
109:Universal Postal Union
54:
4842:Humber-Sommer biplane
4481:issued postage stamps
4148:
4038:In the Sorting Office
2757:The Military Engineer
2646:46.3 (2018): 418–445.
2125:. 1843. p. 662.
1719:
1629:
1620:Further information:
1513:
1452:
1359:
1315:decorated envelopes,
1141:
1040:
924:
873:
846:
819:
800:
670:
655:
519:
383:
258:
130:
48:
25:Mail (disambiguation)
4519:Philately portal
4259:Variable value stamp
4149:Envelope for mailing
3449:on 19 September 2015
2633:40.2 (2019): 89–140.
2512:"Nhật Minh Expresss"
2232:"About UPU: History"
1789:electronic lodgement
1657:Repositionable notes
1260:Since the advent of
1205:While in most cases
935:railway post offices
860:Österreichische Post
811:Thurn-und-Taxis Post
443:Post Office Act XVII
19:For other uses, see
4625:Curtis "Jenny" JN-4
3862:Heaton, J. Henniker
3775:. Members.aol.com.
3384:www.americanbar.org
2783:40.1 (1965): 47–62
2631:Late Imperial China
1895:Fire sign (address)
1840:Post Office Limited
1800:service providers.
1712:Other mail services
1529:(210×297 mm),
1465:, particularly for
1439:message in a bottle
1416:is composed of the
1346:Online post offices
1098:U.S. Postal Service
430:(1399–1947) of the
218:U.S. Postal Service
79:government monopoly
4720:First flight cover
4632:Specific countries
4372:Package forwarding
4331:Postmaster General
4151:
4126:Oceanian countries
4121:European countries
3584:"First-Class Mail"
3331:2008-12-27 at the
3272:2007-03-11 at the
3210:2012-01-14 at the
3056:www.britannica.com
2806:, (2012): 189–193.
2790:2020-07-27 at the
2766:2020-02-29 at the
2322:Aiyangar 2004: 302
2238:. 2 October 2013.
1873:Shipping insurance
1813:, examples being:
1726:
1636:
1523:
1479:
1369:
1148:
1055:Windsor, Berkshire
1043:
931:
888:Uniform Penny Post
880:
852:
826:
807:
776:Holy Roman Emperor
676:
665:
525:
398:
318:Darius I of Persia
264:
133:
113:Specialized Agency
55:
4863:
4862:
4790:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4670:Air Mail Facility
4644:
4626:
4600:Airmail etiquette
4552:
4551:
4136:Postal censorship
4111:African countries
4036:, 28 April 2011,
3993:by J. Wilson Hyde
3974:978-81-7017-053-2
3955:978-0-521-24333-9
3889:John, Richard R.
3846:978-0-8018-8359-0
3812:978-0-8018-8359-0
3495:City Mail, Sweden
3030:978-1-933011-90-5
2996:978-0-226-15511-1
2962:978-0-691-21731-4
2928:978-1-4408-4856-8
2855:978-3-11-045673-8
2819:(1999) pp. 15–37.
2699:(2012) pp 143–67.
2198:978-1-911576-65-5
1823:La Poste (France)
1632:Union with Greece
1517:on the island of
1334:and other online
1134:Postal censorship
962:Internet shopping
954:social networking
432:Kingdom of Mysore
4883:
4788:
4682:
4677:Air Mail scandal
4675:
4668:
4642:
4624:
4622:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4540:
4539:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4453:Stamp collecting
4285:Package delivery
4164:Advertising mail
4083:
4076:
4069:
4060:
4059:
4046:, a part of the
4007:US patent office
4002:
3996:Potts, Albert, "
3978:
3959:
3940:
3931:
3925:
3917:
3875:
3869:
3850:
3831:
3816:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3523:. Archived from
3522:
3510:
3504:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3355:Linns Stamp News
3347:
3336:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3296:
3287:
3281:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2839:
2833:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2794:
2777:
2771:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2706:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:Mazumdar 1990: 1
2311:
2305:
2304:Prasad 2003: 104
2302:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1962:
1868:Parcel (package)
1706:third world debt
1595:First-Class Mail
1572:advertising mail
1568:direct marketing
1467:package delivery
1380:Stamp collecting
1365:François Barraud
1209:is exceptional,
895:Sir Rowland Hill
207:
197:
189:is derived from
164:
158:
148:
98:savings accounts
4891:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4817:Boeing Model 40
4795:
4770:
4729:
4691:
4627:
4623:
4614:
4588:
4583:
4553:
4548:
4513:
4511:
4502:
4480:
4474:
4424:
4410:Postal services
4400:Postal entities
4393:
4386:
4335:
4304:
4263:
4234:Post office box
4152:
4140:
4116:Asian countries
4092:
4087:
3998:
3985:
3975:
3956:
3919:
3918:
3853:Daunton, M. J.
3847:
3813:
3797:
3795:Further reading
3792:
3791:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3757:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3673:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3641:. Canada Post.
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3593:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3568:
3566:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:Kordic, Angie.
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3349:
3348:
3339:
3333:Wayback Machine
3324:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3274:Wayback Machine
3265:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3212:Wayback Machine
3203:
3199:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2801:
2797:
2792:Wayback Machine
2778:
2774:
2768:Wayback Machine
2754:
2750:
2743:
2727:
2723:
2715:The Korea Times
2708:
2707:
2703:
2695:Sheldon Garon,
2694:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2547:
2545:
2544:(in Vietnamese)
2534:
2530:
2521:
2519:
2518:(in Vietnamese)
2508:
2504:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2420:(in Vietnamese)
2418:VietNamNet News
2410:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2349:(in Vietnamese)
2347:VietNamNet News
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2207:j.ctt21c4td4.10
2199:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2054:"Ray Tomlinson"
2050:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1935:Post-office box
1887:
1806:
1798:mail forwarding
1714:
1708:cancellation).
1675:
1659:
1624:
1622:Registered mail
1618:
1592:
1508:
1503:
1447:
1361:Le Philateliste
1354:
1224:
1207:mail censorship
1136:
1130:
1070:
1019:in Ireland and
979:
970:
958:online auctions
919:
890:
868:
792:Thurn und Taxis
772:
770:Thurn und Taxis
761:Knights Templar
732:Merchants from
650:
642:
636:
627:
619:Altai Mountains
574:
568:
514:
508:
496:
471:cursus publicus
466:Augustus Caesar
458:
456:cursus publicus
452:
428:Wodeyar dynasty
404:
384:The use of the
378:
324:(1700 BCE) and
314:Cyrus the Great
302:
290:Main articles:
288:
251:
139:comes from the
125:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4876:Postal systems
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4710:Astrophilately
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4639:Berlin Airlift
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4534:
4522:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4458:notable stamps
4450:
4449:
4448:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4405:Postal museums
4402:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4254:Postal marking
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4041:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4010:
3994:
3984:
3983:External links
3981:
3980:
3979:
3973:
3960:
3954:
3941:
3932:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3887:
3876:
3858:
3851:
3845:
3832:
3817:
3811:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3764:
3739:
3714:
3705:
3691:. Swiss Post.
3680:
3666:. Royal Mail.
3664:"Sending Mail"
3655:
3630:
3600:
3575:
3537:
3530:on 2007-01-29.
3505:
3500:2005-07-30 at
3487:
3460:
3443:Postal Matters
3430:
3400:
3371:
3337:
3318:
3282:
3254:
3228:
3215:
3197:
3166:
3136:
3111:
3086:
3061:
3043:
3029:
3009:
2995:
2975:
2961:
2941:
2927:
2907:
2888:
2868:
2854:
2834:
2821:
2808:
2795:
2772:
2748:
2741:
2721:
2701:
2688:
2686:(Brill, 2012).
2675:
2660:
2658:Mote 1978: 450
2648:
2635:
2622:
2598:
2587:lamdong.gov.vn
2574:
2554:
2528:
2502:
2478:
2454:
2443:dangcongsan.vn
2430:
2404:
2383:
2372:lamdong.gov.vn
2359:
2333:
2331:Lowe 1951: 134
2324:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2295:Dorn 2006: 145
2288:
2262:
2253:
2223:
2197:
2169:
2139:
2114:
2096:978-1556196638
2095:
2075:
2044:
2037:"email, n.2".
2029:
2017:
2008:Dictionary.com
1991:
1975:Australia Post
1956:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1828:Poste Italiane
1825:
1820:
1805:
1802:
1713:
1710:
1674:
1671:
1658:
1655:
1617:
1614:
1591:
1588:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1471:legal monopoly
1446:
1443:
1372:Postage stamps
1353:
1350:
1266:Internet slang
1223:
1220:
1196:black chambers
1132:Main article:
1129:
1126:
1069:
1066:
994:postage stamps
983:legal monopoly
978:
975:
969:
966:
918:
915:
907:postage stamps
867:
866:Postal reforms
864:
771:
768:
722:missi dominici
699:homing pigeons
649:
646:
638:Main article:
635:
632:
626:
623:
570:Main article:
567:
564:
510:Main article:
507:
504:
500:Nguyen dynasty
495:
492:
454:Main article:
451:
448:
408:Mauryan Empire
400:Main article:
377:
374:
306:Ancient Persia
287:
284:
250:
247:
141:Middle English
124:
121:
117:United Nations
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4888:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4849:Graf Zeppelin
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:Organizations
4773:
4767:
4766:Zeppelin mail
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4725:Postage stamp
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:Aerophilately
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4664:United States
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Airmail stamp
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4566:
4561:
4560:
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1410:New Testament
1406:
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1340:online stores
1337:
1336:auction sites
1333:
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1096:In 1998, the
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1076:
1075:postage stamp
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905:and adhesive
904:
900:
899:penny postage
896:
889:
885:
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863:
861:
857:
856:Deutsche Post
849:
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714:
710:
706:
704:
700:
695:
693:
692:
687:
686:
682:world by the
681:
674:
669:
663:
659:
654:
648:Other systems
645:
641:
631:
622:
620:
614:
612:
607:
603:
600:
599:official mail
596:
592:
589:. During the
588:
587:Mongol Empire
584:
583:
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566:Mongol Empire
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357:Chapar-Khaneh
354:
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343:
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335:
334:Old Testament
331:
327:
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307:
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297:
296:Chapar-Khaneh
293:
286:Persia (Iran)
283:
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269:
262:
257:
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246:
244:
240:
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212:delivers the
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87:postage meter
84:
83:postage stamp
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
47:
41:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4848:
4837:Douglas O-38
4832:Douglas DC-4
4827:Curtiss JN-4
4746:Balloon mail
4609:
4541:
4529:
4510:
4420:Trade unions
4367:Mail sorting
4316:Mail carrier
4193:
4089:
4031:
4030:James Meek,
4018:
3997:
3989:
3964:
3945:
3936:
3913:
3910:Lowe, Robson
3900:
3890:
3879:
3871:
3854:
3836:
3822:
3802:
3781:. Retrieved
3767:
3756:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3742:
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3717:
3708:
3697:. Retrieved
3683:
3672:. Retrieved
3658:
3647:. Retrieved
3639:"Lettermail"
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3612:
3603:
3592:. Retrieved
3578:
3567:. Retrieved
3550:
3540:
3525:the original
3516:Cato Journal
3515:
3508:
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3473:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3447:the original
3442:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3403:
3392:. Retrieved
3383:
3374:
3363:. Retrieved
3354:
3321:
3306:. Retrieved
3285:
3277:
3245:. Retrieved
3231:
3223:
3218:
3200:
3189:. Retrieved
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3128:. Retrieved
3114:
3103:. Retrieved
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3064:
3055:
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3019:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2985:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2951:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2917:
2910:
2900:20 September
2898:. Retrieved
2878:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2844:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2780:
2775:
2756:
2751:
2731:
2724:
2713:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2669:
2663:
2643:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2614:. Retrieved
2610:
2601:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2577:
2566:. Retrieved
2557:
2546:. Retrieved
2541:
2531:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:thanhnien.vn
2515:
2505:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:
2457:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2417:
2412:Tran, Lanh.
2407:
2396:. Retrieved
2394:. 2022-08-25
2386:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:
2362:
2351:. Retrieved
2346:
2341:Tran, Lanh.
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2179:
2172:
2160:. Retrieved
2151:
2148:"Snail Mail"
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2085:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2007:
2001:
1994:
1960:
1940:Postage rate
1905:Mail carrier
1888:
1858:Express mail
1779:
1757:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1695:
1687:
1678:Postal cards
1676:
1660:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1611:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1576:demographics
1558:
1550:credit cards
1547:
1539:
1535:
1531:Letter-sized
1524:
1515:Pillar boxes
1480:
1445:Deregulation
1436:
1428:
1426:
1418:Apostle Paul
1407:
1392:
1370:
1360:
1344:
1329:
1309:
1278:
1259:
1252:
1225:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1184:civil rights
1153:
1149:
1121:cancellation
1118:
1113:
1108:In 2004 the
1107:
1095:
1071:
1063:
1044:
1022:postal codes
1020:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
987:
980:
977:Organization
971:
947:
932:
891:
853:
827:
808:
789:
782:
779:Maximilian I
773:
765:
746:
741:
737:
730:Cairo Geniza
727:
721:
715:in northern
707:
696:
689:
683:
677:
643:
628:
615:
608:
604:
591:Yuan dynasty
580:
577:Genghis Khan
575:
555:Ming dynasty
551:Tang dynasty
548:
526:
497:
486:) pulled by
483:
475:
469:
459:
442:
436:
421:
415:
405:
350:
329:
303:
265:
252:
238:
232:
230:
225:
224:deliver the
213:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
136:
134:
106:
91:
62:
58:
56:
37:
4822:Boeing P-12
4800:Conveyances
4761:Rocket mail
4756:Pigeon post
4715:Crash cover
4249:Postal code
4229:Post office
4204:Meter stamp
3002:24 February
2968:24 February
1983:post office
1979:Canada Post
1945:Postal code
1930:Post office
1920:Packstation
1781:Hybrid mail
1590:First-Class
1475:First Class
1399:postal card
1305:calligraphy
1281:hybrid mail
1093:companies.
1091:direct mail
1059:rocket mail
968:Modern mail
943:mail trucks
911:Penny Black
876:Penny Black
820:Postmaster
801:Postmaster
757:monasteries
749:Cistercians
709:Charlemagne
703:pigeon post
595:Kublai Khan
585:within the
540:Han dynasty
439:British Raj
424:South India
386:Scinde Dawk
222:Canada Post
4812:Blériot XI
4807:Airco DH.4
4751:Mail plane
4463:catalogues
4362:Mail cover
4340:Processing
4326:Postmaster
4290:Registered
4189:Letter box
4157:Components
3783:2008-10-24
3758:2007-07-17
3733:2007-07-17
3699:2022-05-31
3674:2018-04-22
3649:2018-04-22
3594:2009-01-09
3569:2019-05-29
3439:"Treaties"
3394:2022-07-01
3365:2022-10-28
3308:2007-01-18
3191:2019-09-02
3159:22 January
3130:2022-01-12
3105:2022-01-12
3080:2022-01-12
2934:7 February
2861:7 February
2616:2023-12-28
2592:2023-12-28
2568:2023-12-28
2548:2023-12-28
2522:2023-12-28
2496:2023-12-28
2472:2023-12-28
2448:2023-12-28
2424:2023-12-28
2398:2023-12-28
2377:2023-12-28
2353:2023-12-28
2281:2007-07-28
2246:10 January
2217:2022-01-21
2133:2016-02-16
2068:22 January
2039:OED Online
1967:Royal Mail
1915:Mail train
1900:Letter box
1836:, British
1834:Royal Mail
1771:shrinkwrap
1759:Newspapers
1753:mail bombs
1702:fair trade
1647:signed for
1599:newspapers
1580:restaurant
1570:and other
1564:presorting
1430:epistolary
1376:collecting
1352:Collecting
1321:artistamps
1274:snail mail
1255:signatures
1180:censorship
1114:SmartStamp
1110:Royal Mail
925:The first
882:See also:
621:to China.
611:Marco Polo
480:Diocletian
344:, king of
292:Royal Road
239:snail mail
210:Royal Mail
191:Old French
4697:Philately
4441:Philately
4224:Relay box
4169:Bulk mail
3922:cite book
3916:. London.
3826:. Mainz:
3559:0017-8012
3474:Widewalls
2611:mt.gov.vn
1987:junk mail
1842:, British
1819:, Germany
1787:, is the
1763:magazines
1745:terrorism
1698:charities
1690:magazines
1682:postcards
1603:magazines
1560:Bulk mail
1483:Argentina
1395:postcards
1388:philately
1240:facsimile
1232:telephone
1228:telegraph
1168:Venezuela
1011:postcodes
1006:ZIP codes
903:envelopes
774:In 1505,
536:dynasties
365:Herodotus
342:Ahasuerus
326:Sargon II
322:Hammurabi
231:The term
135:The word
123:Etymology
102:passports
67:postcards
4870:Category
4741:Aerogram
4531:Category
4268:Delivery
4199:Mail bag
4174:Envelope
4000:US19,578
3912:(1951).
3864:(1905).
3777:Archived
3693:Archived
3668:Archived
3643:Archived
3617:Archived
3613:CBS News
3588:Archived
3586:. USPS.
3563:Archived
3498:Archived
3417:Archived
3415:. 2015.
3388:Archived
3359:Archived
3329:Archived
3299:Archived
3270:Archived
3241:Archived
3208:Archived
3182:Archived
3153:Archived
3124:Archived
3099:Archived
3074:Archived
3036:14 March
2894:Archived
2788:Archived
2785:Online .
2781:Speculum
2764:Archived
2275:Archived
2240:Archived
2211:Archived
2162:March 1,
2156:Archived
2127:Archived
2107:March 1,
2101:Archived
2062:Archived
2012:Archived
1977:", and "
1969:", the "
1925:Post box
1910:Mail bag
1804:See also
1775:wrappers
1749:x-raying
1422:epistles
1325:mail art
1285:telegram
1270:retronym
1174:and the
1160:Colombia
1102:Internet
1083:Franking
1079:envelope
1068:Payment
1016:eircodes
950:Internet
939:air mail
330:angariae
310:Xenophon
300:Angarium
280:Pharaohs
278:, where
243:retronym
85:, but a
4855:more...
4847:LZ 127
4734:Methods
4659:Ireland
4649:Denmark
4643:Germany
4593:General
4586:Airmail
4543:Commons
4436:Courier
4429:Related
4382:POSTNET
4295:Surface
4280:Express
4275:Airmail
4179:Indicia
4098:History
4040:, 33(9)
3895:excerpt
3893:(1995)
3480:24 June
2000:"mail,
1830:, Italy
1767:POSTNET
1542:utility
1519:Madeira
1506:Letters
1412:of the
1268:by the
1248:malware
1188:customs
1047:airmail
1028:POSTNET
1026:called
927:airmail
738:kutubi.
680:Islamic
673:Germany
494:Vietnam
353:Persian
272:courier
268:writing
261:Finland
249:History
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71:letters
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40:(album)
38:Postage
4789:French
4787:FISA (
4684:Stamps
4654:Greece
4377:PLANET
4209:Parcel
4009:. 1858
3971:
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3903:(2018)
3884:online
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3623:8 July
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3453:13 May
3423:13 May
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2761:Online
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1785:L-mail
1584:retail
1403:jargon
1367:(1929)
1242:, and
1164:Brazil
1156:Mexico
1051:Hendon
753:abbeys
742:kutubi
734:Fustat
713:Franks
685:caliph
662:Poland
658:Kraków
593:under
484:birotæ
426:, the
416:Dagana
390:Scinde
361:Chapar
338:Esther
298:, and
205:ponere
73:, and
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4309:Staff
3528:(PDF)
3521:(PDF)
3302:(PDF)
3295:(PDF)
3185:(PDF)
3178:(PDF)
2203:JSTOR
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1794:email
1741:ORM-D
1501:Types
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1455:FedEx
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1384:hobby
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1297:email
1289:telex
1262:email
1244:email
1236:telex
1087:banks
691:barid
634:Korea
625:Japan
582:Örtöö
572:Örtöö
533:Shang
521:China
506:China
476:rhedæ
412:India
394:Sindh
376:India
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276:Egypt
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3841:ISBN
3807:ISBN
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3555:ISSN
3482:2023
3455:2015
3425:2015
3249:2010
3161:2023
3038:2022
3025:ISBN
3004:2022
2991:ISBN
2970:2022
2957:ISBN
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2923:ISBN
2902:2021
2884:ISBN
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2737:ISBN
2248:2022
2193:ISBN
2164:2017
2152:Life
2109:2017
2091:ISBN
2070:2020
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1809:See
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1680:and
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1601:and
1548:New
1485:and
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1332:eBay
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1053:and
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717:Gaul
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559:Qing
549:The
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462:Rome
450:Rome
351:The
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