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205:. The Weiss family was allowed to emigrate to Portugal and escape the horrors of the Holocaust, but their large art collection, along with the entire industrial complex bearing their name, was taken over by Germany. However, as Germany insisted Hungary was still a sovereign nation, the owners of the company received large compensation and remained official owners, with the German-imposed management merely a
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dismantling and reloading infantry ammunition. Later, in response to the growing demand for canned goods, the production of tin cans for packaging was added to the programme, which led to a shift to the iron industry. (Manfréd Weiss First
Hungarian Cannery and Metalware Factory). From 1886 the factory also produced cartridge cases and later ammunition for the
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From March 1944, the Weiss Manfréd factories were hit by numerous Allied bombing raids. The Danube
Aircraft Factory was rendered inoperable by four such attacks. Seven raids on the Csepel factory resulted in severe damage to most of the metal works, the copper electrolysis plant was burnt down, while
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In 1914, the outbreak of the World War brought the greatest opportunities for Weiss Manfréd. By that time, the company, which employed nearly 30,000 workers, had outgrown the framework of a small business and transformed into a family joint-stock company. The army not only brought in orders but also
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In 1917, 330 million pieces of infantry and artillery ammunition were produced, and that year, the
General Insurance estimated the factory's value at nearly 100 million Crown. (For context: at that time, a kilogram of bread cost 56 fillér, a worker earned 100-130 Crown, an older teacher earned 200
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Berthold and
Manfred Weiss First Hungarian Cannery Factory). The brothers gradually expanded the canning factory, then moved it to Máriássy Street near the Közvágóhíd, where they produced meat products under the Globus brand, mainly for the army, and bridged the spare capacity of seasonal work by
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Another boost in company's history came in 1911, when
Austria-Hungary significantly expanded its military budget. The public orders allowed the company to quickly expand ammunition production and establish additional factories: new steel and iron furnaces, and new copper, nickel, and aluminium
136:. In 1906, the company was supported by Hungarian Society of Industrialists, who lobbied for a new law that would allow state-owned companies to produce only products unobtainable from private companies. With such support, the Manfréd Weiss Works soon emerged as the largest firm on the market.
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In 1892 production begins at the infantry ammunition factory built within the Weiss Manfréd factory in Csepel, where 8 mm
Mannlicher rifle cartridges are initially produced for the Hungarian Royal Defence Forces and the Austro-Hungarian Joint Army. From 1893, millions of 7.62×54 mmR-calibre
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Crown, while corporate presidents and parliamentary representatives earned around 1000-2000 Crown monthly. The greatest luxury item of the era was the automobile: a two-seater, 8-horsepower Opel 'Doktorwagen' cost 4500 Crown, while a four-seater, 20-horsepower Benz10 cost 14,000 Crown.)
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with vehicle parts. In 1947, 90 percent of the factory's output was war reparations. The factory was placed under state control in 1946, at which time the Weiss-Chorin family's ownership was not yet extinguished, but in 1948 it was effectively nationalized.
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island in the southern part of
Budapest, founded in 1892. It was the second largest industrial enterprise in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, and the biggest industrial enterprise in the Hungarian half of the Empire. It played an integral role in the
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The repair of the damage suffered during the Second World War and the resumption of production required a major effort. The factory not only had to meet domestic needs, but also produced machinery for
175:, becoming Manfréd, Baron Weiss de Csepel, after the main seat of operations of his company. In the beginning of the WW1, the WM complex had 250 hectare territory with 216 factory buildings.
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Its predecessor, the Weiss cannery, was originally established in Lövölde Square, District VI. of
Budapest, by Manfréd Weiss and his brother Bertold in 1882, under the name of
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Thus, Manfréd Weiss became one of the principal defence contractors for the
Hungarian part of the empire, his main competitor being the state-owned steel mill in
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Mosin-Nagant rifle cartridges were produced for the
Russian Tsarist army between 1893-94. Then the production of artillery shells of various sizes begins.
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increased, but when industrial policy changed in 1954, production declined. In the following decades, it grew again and diversified because of
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installations. Production capacity was growing and soon the firm became one of the principal sources of ammunition for the armies of the
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demanded an increase in production, leading to the introduction of a three-shift work schedule, making it the first in the country.
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190:, the company had become a modern industrial conglomerate, with over 40,000 employees; its management remained largely composed of
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Photograph about the Weiss Manfréd Works in Csepel Island in 1901. The industrial complex comprised more than 32 factories.
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An 1880 view of the canned food factory at Csepel, which in time became the core of the Manfréd Weiss Steel and Metal Works
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An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe: Diversity and Industrialization
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for a period of 25 years. Eventually, control over the company was given to the
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and cars. Badly damaged by Allied air raids and eventually pillaged during
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Between 1948 and 1950, Ferenc Bíró (1904-2006), a younger brother of
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the aircraft, tractor and enamel factories were also destroyed.
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39:("Manfréd Weiss Steel and Metal Works"), or colloquially
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Nazi Millionaires: The Allied Search for Hidden SS Gold
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Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1950
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the company was one of largest defense contractors in
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Weiss Berthold és Manfréd Első Magyar Conserv Gyár (
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454:The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary
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437:. Havertown: Casemate Publishers. p. 320.
548:Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of Hungary
513:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Hungary
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456:. Wayne State University Press. p. 321.
260:cooperation and significant exports to the
117:. The new factory produced all types, from
92:Iron and Metal Works NV", where "NV" means
558:Defunct manufacturing companies of Hungary
433:Theodore P. Savas; Kenneth Alford (2002).
16:Former Hungarian heavy industry enterprise
528:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Hungary
518:Manufacturing companies based in Budapest
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43:("Csepel Works") was one of the largest
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563:1897 establishments in Austria-Hungary
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201:, the majority were arrested by the
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568:1950 disestablishments in Hungary
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60:and military production of the
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289:Weiss Manfréd WM-23 Ezüst Nyíl
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66:Baron Manfréd Weiss of Csepel
553:Companies of Austria-Hungary
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279:Weiss Manfréd WM-16 Budapest
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452:Randolph L. Braham (2000).
236:and supplied the occupying
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533:Metal companies of Hungary
416:Cambridge University Press
284:Weiss Manfréd WM-21 Sólyom
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62:Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
345:The Csepel Works (2017)
274:Weiss Manfréd WM-10 Ölyv
219:Kurt Baron von Schröder
199:overran Hungary in 1944
96:, "National Company").
268:Weiss Manfréd aircraft
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489:47.44972°N 19.07861°E
121:to artillery shells.
111:Austro-Hungarian Army
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186:By the outbreak of
146:Kingdom of Bulgaria
494:47.44972; 19.07861
391:Savas & Alford
379:Savas & Alford
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393:, pp. 43–44.
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142:Kingdom of Serbia
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188:World War II
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238:Soviet Army
207:trusteeship
169:World War I
70:World War I
507:Categories
477:47°26′59″N
295:References
160:, and the
119:small arms
480:19°4′43″E
300:Citations
410:(2013).
173:ennobled
150:Portugal
130:Diósgyőr
258:Comecon
211:Nazi SS
203:Gestapo
194:. When
167:During
100:History
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538:Csepel
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364:Braham
334:Berend
221:, and
158:Mexico
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154:Spain
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262:West
115:Navy
113:and
35:The
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