138:
842:
751:
1977:
349:
479:
865:, the establishment of a "priesthood of the faithful" and not least, Kowalski's own sexually predatory and abusive behaviour towards young nuns. The sexual allegations became the subject of a court case and public scandal surrounding the church and its reputation. Kowalski's brother bishops decided to put a stop to Kowalski's term of office and a schism ensued. The church split in two, so that the "Kowalski parishes", in the minority, became the "
2619:
32:
2631:
652:
1163:
643:
1007:
Feldman led the opposition to
Kowalski and attracted the majority of Mariavite adherents. They decided to reverse most of the innovations introduced by Kowalski. They returned to Kozłowska's ideas and rules. The Old Catholic Mariavite Church is much the larger: as of 2011 it had about 23,500 members
884:
and remained based in the city of Płock. To this day, by reason of the number of worshippers and parishes, they are the larger of the two churches. After 1935, the leadership of the smaller church grouping, the
Catholic Mariavite Church, remained loyal to bishop Kowalski, and after his death in a
860:
Throughout its early tribulations with the Rome authorities, the church was led by Kozłowska's lieutenant, the catholic priest, later excommunicated, Michał Kowalski until 1935. Kowalski had become a bishop and archbishop in the meanwhile, headquartered in the city of Płock, among other
Mariavite
607:
From 1906 the newly independent denomination continued its development, in no small measure due to donations and support from the faithful. Kozlowska's own acquisition of 400 hectares of land in Płock, enabled not only the construction of a cathedral, completed "in-house" by two professionally
861:
diocesan bishops. His theological, doctrinal and ecclesiastical interpretations and innovations put pressure on the
Mariavite episcopate. Among these were the introduction of married clergy, the subsequent birth of 'mystical children' separated from their parents for early rearing, the
1207:
532:, the tsarist authorities forbade the establishment of any new Polish organisations. Religious orders were often banned or exiled. Catholic clergy in the Russian Partition could not be locally educated, in contrast to the priests in the
460:
in Poland. It continued as a unitary church until 1935 when a faction led by bishop Filip
Feldman challenged the church leader, Michał Kowalski, and successfully expelled him and his loyalists from the headquarters in the Polish city of
1191:
1178:
1223:
572:
Observing the spread of "Mariavitism" across their ecclesiastical territory, Polish
Catholic bishops were alarmed by the threat the movement posed to their apostolic authority and teachings and reported it to the
1255:
2198:
1228:
1080:
2661:
1142:
who was removed from office and demoted from episcopal status, effective 15-10-2023, by the Church's Main
Chapter following serious maladministration and financial irregularities.
1054:
687:
620:
556:. In it she understood she was to found a new religious movement expressing "Mariavitism". Further visions continued until 1918. Their content was gathered in a volume entitled
1106:
2548:
1884:
1119:
829:". The leaders of the Mariavite Church were persecuted and sued in court. Kowalski himself appeared in 20 cases to answer charges. Among other allegations he was accused of
1041:
634:(1914) with adjoining monastic buildings, but the development of revenue raising enterprises, such as educational facilities, a printing press, bakery and animal breeding.
191:
994:
983:
742:
In turn, Kowalski went on to consecrate: Fatôme (France), Feldman, Gołębiowski, Próchniewiski, Rostoworowski, Siedlecki, and his own wife, Maria
Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska.
676:
609:
1093:
821:
Kowalski's innovations disrupted and severed the connection with the Old
Catholics in Europe. The church struggled to maintain its reputation and standing during the
2526:
1361:
and occasionally flouted: "It is after all a swindle." Although Maas was investigated by
Mannheim police, the prosecutor did not issue an arrest warrant until the
2270:
2033:
2404:
2075:
1316:
758:
Following the death in 1921 of the foundress of the movement, Kozlowska, there was no effective inhibition on Kowalski's reforms and innovations which included:
1067:
1284:
1035:
874:
873:, named in honour of the foundress. The dissident majority became known as the "Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites", which, after 1935, was led by bishop
846:
2274:
577:
probably in the late 1890s. After the election of a new pope, a final papal decision on the fate of the movement was made in September 1904. In April 1906,
2656:
1298:
541:
2278:
2100:
1132:
1146:
912:
2337:
2205:
2055:
728:
368:, both of which can be dated from 1906 but which became distinct after 1935 as a result of doctrinal differences, and are collectively known as
1476:
The designers of the project, Szymanowski and Przysiecki were rewarded, on completion in 1914, with ordination into the Mariavite priesthood.
2004:
841:
966:, which has about 3,000 members. The denomination confirmed all the decisions of Kowalski and introduced a public cult of Kozłowska, the
926:
of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church. By contrast, the Catholic Mariavite Church currently stands away from the ecumenical movement.
1598:
1407:, and certification as a Roman Catholic theologian; he also used two honorary doctorates that he was not entitled to use in Germany.
1679:
2666:
1860:
1362:
717:
596:
445:
96:
1952:
1926:
1878:
1808:
1773:
1751:
68:
1522:
982:. His successor was his wife, Bishop Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska. From 1946 to 2005, the head of the church was Bishop
1856:
1212:
1085:
724:
1641:
75:
490:
825:
in newly independent and sovereign Poland. Mariavites were actively discriminated against to the extent of "Mariavite
1568:
430:
115:
49:
1059:
890:
692:
625:
1997:
797:
790:
1183:
1111:
391:(1871–1942), became convinced by Kozłowska's revelations and adopted her vision as his own project by her side.
82:
2577:
2266:
2191:
908:
213:
1124:
53:
1046:
196:
2365:
2172:
2110:
2060:
1276:
type association in Germany. Even in 1949, this association was not legally recognized as a sect by Germany.
1196:
999:
988:
959:
727:, assisted by two OKKN bishops, J. J. van Thiel of Haarlem and N. B. P. Spit of Deventer, one
64:
482:
256:
2494:
2476:
2105:
2095:
681:
614:
1202:
1026:
974:
of the world. The church is insular and does not participate in the ecumenical movement. Kowalski died in
388:
1990:
1098:
783:
768:
1929: the Ordination of women, introduced in the Catholic Mariavite Church (with possibility of marriage)
709:
672:
660:
631:
19:
This article is about the larger Mariavite denomination. For the alternative Mariavite denomination, see
2609:
1792:
452:
to what by default had become a new catholic church, the "Mariavite Church", with the power to confer
2651:
2355:
2319:
2085:
2028:
975:
963:
901:
897:
866:
296:
217:
209:
20:
630:) who brought into the church considerable personal 'dowries' for the construction in Płock, of the
2261:
2038:
1321:
886:
870:
1072:
2458:
2440:
2385:
2347:
2167:
2080:
934:
The original name of the church was in English translation, the "Old Catholic Mariavite Church" (
510:
319:
42:
1289:
2521:
2422:
2243:
2136:
2070:
2065:
879:
851:
822:
776:
457:
89:
1803:. Vol. 3. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 402–403.
1761:
395:
285:
176:
394:
The movement represented an ideology whose aim was to imitate the simplicity of the life of
2516:
2293:
2226:
2162:
2050:
1796:
1303:
1270:
732:
540:. The only authorized Roman Catholic theological training in the Russian Empire was at the
494:
449:
151:
137:
376:
8:
2623:
1606:
1137:
862:
772:
1867:
Churches, Denominations as well as National and Ethnic Associations in Poland, 2009–2011
2146:
2141:
2014:
1976:
1910:
1843:
1730:
1151:
917:
537:
533:
514:
502:
425:, the Life of Mary, gave the movement its name. The movement became the subject of two
348:
1671:
1948:
1922:
1874:
1835:
1804:
1769:
1747:
1722:
1376:
522:
380:
750:
521:
organizations became illegal. The situation of the Catholic Church was worst in the
372:. Mariavitism first emerged from the religious inspiration of Polish noblewoman and
2253:
2235:
1940:
1827:
1788:
1714:
1387:, Maas wanted to become a priest without a theological education, so he forged his
815:
809:
553:
529:
181:
2593:
2573:
2120:
2115:
1831:
1369:
1358:
1259:
1234:
935:
588:
498:
448:
which, after negotiations welcomed them and in 1909 granted both recognition and
434:
161:
1982:
1514:
2508:
1391:
923:
506:
1915:
1862:
Wyznania religijne stowarzyszenia narodowościowe i etniczne w Polsce 2009–2011
1818:Łagosz, Zbigniew (2013). "Mariavites and the Occult: A Search for the Truth".
415:
2645:
2635:
2045:
1839:
1783:
Karski, Karol (2003). "Mariavites". In Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milič;
1726:
1605:(in Polish). Płock, Poland: Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów. Archived from
1705:
Appolis, Émile (1965). "Une Église des derniers temps: L'Église Mariavite".
387:
in the late 19th-century. A young Catholic priest from a modest background,
2329:
2311:
2214:
1718:
979:
905:
721:
362:
1576:
1218:
2486:
2183:
1936:
1351:
950:
a grammatical change which does not affect the translation into English.
578:
478:
453:
365:
1847:
1734:
409:
2379:
1784:
1174:
in Poland with 38 parishes and one province in France with 2 parishes:
582:
426:
412:
2468:
2450:
2414:
830:
1744:
Bishops Irregular: An International Directory of Independent Bishops
671:, headquarters of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church. The complex in
31:
2589:
2569:
2396:
2302:
1309:
574:
518:
1575:. Płock, Poland: Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów. Archived from
664:
473:
462:
444:
The leaders of the movement sought theological sanctuary with the
406:
268:
242:
2618:
2432:
1327:
1171:
775:, abolished in Old Catholic Mariavite Church (one reason for the
713:
2218:
1479:
1401:
826:
736:
668:
384:
279:
272:
246:
232:
228:
1162:
1242:
697:, later priests of the church, with Michał Kowalski as client
651:
438:
399:
1873:(in Polish). Warsaw: Statistical Publishing Establishment.
1239:
Province de France de l'Eglise Vieille-Catholique Mariavite
896:
The Old Catholic Mariavite Church remains a member of the
642:
2527:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Poland
373:
1970:
341:
2662:
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
1621:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1443:
1441:
1166:
Dioceses of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church in Poland
1537:
1428:
1426:
1424:
2607:
869:". Its headquarters was moved to the small estate of
1453:
1438:
1011:
1421:
542:
Saint Petersburg Roman Catholic Theological Academy
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2101:Baptist Christian Church of the Republic of Poland
1914:
805:1931–1933: Simplification of liturgical ceremonies
2012:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1549:
1248:
456:. It therefore became a separate and independent
2643:
2056:Polish-Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland
1678:(in German). No. 52. 1949. pp. 10–11.
1016:
729:Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany
1495:
802:1930: Suppression of prerogatives of the clergy
745:
474:Polish Roman Catholic Church under Russian rule
1659:
602:
421:, ("Let them imitate the Life of Mary"), thus
2405:Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
2199:
1998:
1935:
1909:
1561:
1399:
1389:
1381:
1367:
1349:
1268:
944:
564:), published by the Marinate Press in 1922.
2657:Christian organizations established in 1903
1639:
958:The Kowalski loyalists moved from Płock to
586:
497:between the three neighbouring powers, the
465:, thereby creating two Mariavite churches.
404:
2213:
2206:
2192:
2005:
1991:
1975:
762:1922–1924 - Marriage available for priests
547:
347:
1766:Episcopi Vagantes and the Anglican Church
1760:
1642:"Mariawici wybrali dwóch nowych biskupów"
1543:
1294:on 4 September 1938 in Felicjanow, Poland
962:. The village is the headquarters of the
599:Kozłowska, Kowalski and their followers.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1365:pointed out that Maas violated the 1933
1264:Orden der Mariaviten in Deutschland e.V.
1253:The Order of the Mariavites in Germany (
1161:
953:
942:) between 1910 and 1967, when it became
749:
477:
2582:
2562:
1704:
1485:
1464:
703:
2644:
1854:
1817:
1782:
1627:
1555:
1447:
1432:
1363:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg
929:
904:. It is not currently a member of the
718:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
595:In December 1906, the Catholic Church
509:. Under the Russian Empire, where the
446:Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands
2187:
1986:
1746:. Bristol, England: A. M. Bain.
1525:from the original on 23 December 2012
993:. He was succeeded in 2005 by Bishop
765:1922: Communion under the two species
332:Old Catholic Church of the Mariavites
1741:
1707:Archives de sociologie des religions
1682:from the original on 24 October 2015
1501:
1489:
608:qualified architects and engineers (
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
1921:. London: Oxford University Press.
1890:from the original on 8 October 2013
1569:"The Old Catholic Mariavite Church"
1107:Zdzisław Maria Włodzimierz Jaworski
429:in 1906 which resulted in the mass
13:
1903:
1672:"Wenn man den Drang in sich spürt"
1094:Stanisław Maria Tymoteusz Kowalski
1081:Wacław Maria Innocenty Gołębiowski
1055:Wacław Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
940:Staro-Katolicki Kościół Mariawitów
840:
567:
14:
2678:
1962:
1357:in 1949, Maas had impersonated a
1012:Structure of the Mariavite church
964:Catholic Church of the Mariavites
946:Kościół Starokatolicki Mariawitów
808:1931–1933: Simplification of the
485:, founder of the Mariavite Church
361:refers to one of two independent
2629:
2617:
1947:. New York: Garland Publishers.
1801:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
836:
650:
641:
552:In 1893 Kozłowska had her first
136:
30:
2267:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1633:
1591:
1515:"Old Church Catholic Mariavite"
1341:
970:, the Spouse of Christ and new
784:Priesthood of the people of God
754:Jan Michał Kowalski (1871-1942)
731:bishop, J. Demmel of Bonn, and
489:From 1795 the territory of the
214:Conference of European Churches
41:needs additional citations for
2034:Ukrainian Catholic Archdiocese
1507:
1470:
1249:Order of Mariavites in Germany
1042:Roman Maria Jakub Próchniewski
891:Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska
632:Sanctuary of Mercy and Charity
491:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2667:1903 establishments in Poland
2366:Old Catholic Church in Poland
2173:Slavic Native Faith in Poland
2091:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
2061:Old Catholic Church in Poland
1414:
1120:Michał Maria Ludwik Jabłoński
1017:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
793:for new-born baptized infants
786:similar to Protestant concept
558:Dzieło Wielkiego Miłosierdzia
359:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
131:Old Catholic Mariavite Church
2549:Alians Ewangeliczny w Polsce
2495:Pentecostal Church in Poland
2477:Seventh-day Adventist Church
2106:Pentecostal Church in Poland
2096:Seventh-day Adventist Church
1832:10.5771/0257-9774-2013-1-256
1799:; Barrett, David B. (eds.).
746:Kowalski reforms (1921–1935)
708:Kowalski was consecrated in
16:Independent Christian church
7:
2076:Evangelical-Augsburg Church
1945:The Old Catholic Sourcebook
1762:Brandreth, Henry R. T.
688:Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
661:Temple of Mercy and Charity
621:Maria Bartłomiej Przysiecki
603:Mariavite Church, 1906–1921
441:adherents to the movement.
10:
2683:
1857:Central Statistical Office
1698:
1192:Diocese of Podlasie-Lublin
995:Maria Beatrycze Szulgowicz
984:Maria Rafael Wojciechowski
483:Maria Franciszka Kozłowska
468:
379:(1862–1921) living in the
257:Maria Franciszka Kozłowska
18:
2557:
2539:
2507:
2485:
2467:
2449:
2431:
2413:
2395:
2378:
2356:Catholic Mariavite Church
2346:
2328:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2252:
2234:
2225:
2155:
2129:
2086:Catholic Mariavite Church
2029:Catholic Church in Poland
2021:
1027:Jan Maria Michał Kowalski
976:Dachau concentration camp
902:World Council of Churches
898:Polish Ecumenical Council
867:Catholic Mariavite Church
677:Maria Mateusz Szymanowski
610:Maria Mateusz Szymanowski
389:Jan Maria Michał Kowalski
336:
328:
318:
310:
302:
297:Catholic Mariavite Church
292:
278:
262:
252:
238:
224:
218:Polish Ecumenical Council
210:World Council of Churches
204:
187:
175:
167:
157:
147:
135:
130:
21:Catholic Mariavite Church
2262:Armenian Catholic Church
1379:in public. According to
1334:
1147:Jarosław Maria Jan Opala
716:, on 5 October 1909, by
710:St. Gertrude's Cathedral
314:23,436 in Poland (2011),
192:Jarosław Maria Jan Opala
2459:United Methodist Church
2441:Baptist Union of Poland
2168:Protestantism in Poland
2081:United Methodist Church
1208:Diocese of Silesia-Łódź
1188:with cathedral in Płock
1179:Diocese of Warsaw-Płock
887:Nazi concentration camp
675:was designed by Feliks
562:The Work of Great Mercy
548:Kozłowska's revelations
511:Russian Orthodox Church
2338:Polish Catholic Church
2244:Polish Orthodox Church
2071:Polish Reformed Church
2066:Polish Orthodox Church
1719:10.3406/assr.1965.2572
1400:
1390:
1382:
1368:
1350:
1326:on 31 October 1987 in
1279:Apostolic succession:
1269:
1263:
1238:
1167:
1133:Marek Maria Karol Babi
1068:Jan Maria Michał Sitek
945:
939:
857:
823:Second Polish Republic
755:
587:
486:
458:religious denomination
405:
2592:with the rest of the
2572:with the rest of the
2320:Roman Catholic Church
1797:Bromiley, Geoffrey W.
1599:"Sukcesja Apostolska"
1317:Maria Norbert Szuwart
1308:on 9 October 1949 in
1283:Kowalski consecrated
1170:organized into three
1165:
954:After the 1935 schism
889:to his widow, bishop
844:
798:ecclesiastical titles
753:
481:
324:4 bishops; 25 priests
286:Roman Catholic church
2517:New Apostolic Church
2294:Western Christianity
2227:Eastern Christianity
2163:Irreligion in Poland
2130:Not state-recognised
2051:Native Polish Church
1375:by wearing Catholic
1271:Eingetragener Verein
1241:) with cathedral in
814:?: Reduction of the
733:Arnold Harris Mathew
704:Apostolic succession
450:Apostolic succession
152:Independent Catholic
50:improve this article
2540:Interdenominational
2522:Jehovah's Witnesses
2137:Jehovah's Witnesses
2015:religions of Poland
1911:Peterkiewicz, Jerzy
1742:Bain, Alan (1985).
1297:Fatôme consecrated
1036:Maria Filip Feldman
930:Polish name changes
875:Maria Filip Feldman
863:ordination of women
847:Maria Filip Feldman
773:ordination of women
538:Prussian Partitions
437:of both clergy and
1579:on 25 October 2015
1488:, pp. 58–59;
1224:Province of France
1217:with cathedral in
1201:with cathedral in
1168:
900:, and also of the
858:
756:
720:(OKKN) Archbishop
517:, Polish Catholic
515:established church
503:Kingdom of Prussia
487:
306:44 parishes (2011)
65:"Mariavite Church"
2605:
2604:
2535:
2534:
2503:
2502:
2374:
2373:
2288:
2287:
2181:
2180:
1954:978-0-8240-9111-8
1941:Melton, J. Gordon
1928:978-0-19-212198-1
1880:978-83-7027-519-8
1810:978-0-8028-2415-8
1789:Pelikan, Jaroslav
1775:978-0-912134-06-2
1753:978-0-9510298-0-0
1640:Bruncz, Dariusz.
1630:, pp. 44–45.
1609:on 30 August 2004
1377:clerical clothing
1315:Maas consecrated
1299:Marie Paulus Maas
1285:Marie Marc Fatôme
796:1930: Removal of
523:Russian Partition
381:Russian Partition
377:Feliksa Kozłowska
355:
354:
126:
125:
118:
100:
2674:
2652:Mariavite Church
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2596:
2586:
2580:
2578:Union of Utrecht
2566:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2361:Mariavite Church
2308:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2275:Wrocław–Koszalin
2236:Eastern Orthodox
2232:
2231:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2022:State-recognised
2007:
2000:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1971:Official website
1958:
1932:
1920:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1889:
1872:
1851:
1814:
1779:
1757:
1738:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:www.ekumenizm.pl
1637:
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1559:
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1505:
1499:
1493:
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1477:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1408:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1373:
1355:
1345:
1325:
1307:
1293:
1274:
1258:
1232:
1216:
1200:
1187:
1159:Administration:
1155:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1003:
992:
948:
921:
909:Union of Utrecht
883:
855:
816:Eucharistic fast
810:Lenten sacrifice
696:
685:
654:
645:
629:
618:
592:
581:promulgated the
554:religious vision
530:January Uprising
419:
351:
346:
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337:Official website
288:
220:
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142:Mariavite emblem
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34:
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2600:
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2594:Catholic Church
2587:
2583:
2574:Catholic Church
2567:
2563:
2553:
2541:
2531:
2499:
2481:
2463:
2445:
2427:
2423:Reformed Church
2409:
2383:
2382:
2370:
2342:
2324:
2284:
2271:Przemyśl–Warsaw
2248:
2221:
2212:
2182:
2177:
2151:
2125:
2017:
2011:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1955:
1929:
1906:
1904:Further reading
1893:
1891:
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1811:
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1768:. Borgo Press.
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1463:
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1411:
1370:Reichskonkordat
1359:Catholic priest
1346:
1342:
1337:
1319:
1301:
1287:
1254:
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1181:
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1057:
1044:
1019:
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997:
986:
956:
932:
915:
913:Maria Jan Opala
877:
849:
839:
748:
706:
701:
700:
699:
698:
690:
679:
657:
656:
655:
647:
646:
623:
612:
605:
589:Tribus circiter
570:
568:Excommunication
550:
528:After the 1863
499:Austrian Empire
476:
471:
435:Catholic Church
431:excommunication
340:
284:
267:
216:
212:
208:
194:
162:Old Catholicism
143:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2680:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2581:
2576:, part of the
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2509:Restorationist
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2473:
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2322:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2279:Olsztyn–Gdańsk
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
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2159:
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2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
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2118:
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2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
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2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2042:
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2036:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1964:
1963:External links
1961:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1933:
1927:
1917:The Third Adam
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1879:
1852:
1826:(1): 256–266.
1815:
1809:
1793:Vischer, Lukas
1780:
1774:
1758:
1752:
1739:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1658:
1632:
1620:
1590:
1560:
1548:
1544:Brandreth 2007
1536:
1506:
1494:
1478:
1469:
1452:
1450:, p. 402.
1437:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1392:Mittlere Reife
1339:
1338:
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1038:
1032:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
955:
952:
931:
928:
924:primate bishop
911:. Since 2023,
838:
835:
819:
818:
812:
806:
803:
800:
794:
787:
780:
779:in the church)
769:
766:
763:
747:
744:
705:
702:
673:English Gothic
659:
658:
649:
648:
640:
639:
638:
637:
636:
604:
601:
597:excommunicated
569:
566:
549:
546:
507:Russian Empire
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148:Classification
145:
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133:
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38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2591:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:organisations
2538:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2493:
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2400:
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2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2306:
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2300:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Rodzima Wiara
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:(19): 51–67.
1712:
1709:(in French).
1708:
1703:
1702:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1546:, p. 60.
1545:
1540:
1524:
1520:
1519:Mariavite.org
1516:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1467:, p. 53.
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1435:, p. 44.
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1347:According to
1344:
1340:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1282:
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1275:
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1272:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1185:
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1177:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
947:
941:
937:
927:
925:
919:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
881:
876:
872:
868:
864:
853:
848:
843:
837:Church schism
834:
832:
828:
824:
817:
813:
811:
807:
804:
801:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
774:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
743:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
694:
689:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
653:
644:
635:
633:
627:
622:
616:
611:
600:
598:
594:
591:
590:
584:
580:
576:
565:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
484:
480:
466:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
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420:
418:
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411:
408:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
350:
345:
339:
335:
331:
329:Other name(s)
327:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
303:Congregations
301:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
274:
270:
265:
261:
258:
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120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2624:Christianity
2584:
2564:
2386:Main article
2360:
2330:Old Catholic
2312:Latin Church
2215:Christianity
2090:
1944:
1937:Pruter, Karl
1916:
1892:. Retrieved
1866:
1861:
1823:
1819:
1800:
1765:
1743:
1710:
1706:
1684:. Retrieved
1675:
1650:. Retrieved
1645:
1635:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1603:mariawita.pl
1602:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:the original
1573:mariawita.pl
1572:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1518:
1509:
1497:
1486:Appolis 1965
1481:
1472:
1465:Appolis 1965
1398:
1388:
1380:
1366:
1348:
1343:
1278:
1267:
1252:
1169:
1158:
1020:
1006:
980:World War II
971:
967:
957:
943:
933:
906:Old Catholic
895:
859:
820:
757:
741:
722:Gerardus Gul
707:
606:
585:
571:
561:
557:
551:
527:
488:
443:
422:
403:
393:
369:
358:
356:
239:Headquarters
205:Associations
188:Prime bishop
112:
106:October 2008
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2487:Pentecostal
2348:Independent
1785:Mbiti, John
1676:Der Spiegel
1648:(in Polish)
1628:Poland 2013
1556:Łagosz 2013
1529:19 November
1448:Karski 2003
1433:Poland 2013
1383:Der Spiegel
1352:Der Spiegel
1320: [
1302: [
1288: [
1227: [
1211: [
1195: [
1182: [
1150: [
1145:from 2023:
1136: [
1131:2015–2023:
1123: [
1118:2007–2015:
1110: [
1105:1997–2007:
1097: [
1092:1972–1997:
1084: [
1079:1965–1972:
1071: [
1066:1955–1965:
1058: [
1053:1953–1955:
1045: [
1040:1945–1953:
1034:1935–1945:
1031:1935 Schism
1025:1906–1935:
1008:in Poland.
998: [
987: [
916: [
878: [
856:(1885-1971)
850: [
831:blasphemies
771:1929–1935:
691: [
680: [
624: [
613: [
579:Pope Pius X
495:partitioned
454:holy orders
427:Papal bulls
423:vita Mariae
293:Separations
195: [
171:Mariavitism
158:Orientation
2646:Categories
2380:Protestant
2013:Principal
1686:24 October
1652:2023-10-25
1613:23 October
1583:25 October
1415:References
972:Redemptrix
960:Felicjanów
871:Felicjanów
725:of Utrecht
663:(1914) in
583:encyclical
370:Mariavites
76:newspapers
2590:communion
2570:communion
2469:Adventist
2451:Methodist
2415:Calvinist
1840:0257-9774
1820:Anthropos
1727:0003-9659
1502:Bain 1985
1490:Bain 1985
1330:, Germany
1312:, Germany
1256:‹See Tfd›
1021:Leaders:
791:Eucharist
519:religious
493:had been
433:from the
416:imitantur
363:Christian
342:mariawita
320:Ministers
182:Episcopal
2397:Lutheran
2303:Catholic
2254:Catholic
2156:See also
2147:Hinduism
2142:Buddhism
2039:Armenian
1943:(1983).
1913:(1975).
1885:Archived
1859:(2013).
1855:Poland.
1848:23510279
1764:(2007).
1735:30120666
1680:Archived
1523:Archived
1310:Mannheim
1266:) is an
1172:dioceses
968:Mateczka
534:Austrian
513:was the
505:and the
366:churches
168:Theology
2610:Portals
2588:Not in
2568:Not in
2433:Baptist
2111:Judaism
1894:22 July
1699:Sources
1328:Cologne
978:during
922:is the
845:Bishop
827:pogroms
714:Utrecht
575:Vatican
469:History
311:Members
253:Founder
90:scholar
2636:Poland
2219:Poland
2121:Karaim
1951:
1925:
1877:
1869:]
1846:
1838:
1807:
1772:
1750:
1733:
1725:
1402:Abitur
1260:German
1235:French
1203:Cegłów
936:Polish
789:1930:
782:1930:
777:schism
737:London
669:Poland
501:, the
410:Mariae
385:Poland
273:Poland
263:Origin
247:Poland
233:France
229:Poland
225:Region
177:Polity
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2116:Islam
1888:(PDF)
1871:(PDF)
1865:[
1844:JSTOR
1731:JSTOR
1335:Notes
1324:]
1306:]
1292:]
1243:Paris
1231:]
1215:]
1199:]
1186:]
1154:]
1140:]
1127:]
1114:]
1101:]
1088:]
1075:]
1062:]
1049:]
1002:]
991:]
920:]
882:]
854:]
695:]
684:]
665:Płock
628:]
617:]
463:Płock
413:vitam
400:Latin
398:, in
269:Płock
266:1906
243:Płock
199:]
97:JSTOR
83:books
1949:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1896:2018
1875:ISBN
1836:ISSN
1805:ISBN
1770:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1723:ISSN
1688:2015
1615:2015
1585:2015
1531:2010
1219:Łódź
686:and
619:and
536:and
396:Mary
357:The
231:and
69:news
2217:in
1828:doi
1824:108
1715:doi
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