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Carnot's ostensible part during this agitation was confined to augmenting his popularity by well-timed appearances on public occasions, which gained credit for the presidency and the republic. When, early in 1889, Boulanger was finally driven into exile, it fell to Carnot to appear as head of the
444:
Carnot presided over a few achievements. He was well received when he travelled around France and when he inaugurated the 1889 exhibition celebrating the French
Revolution, and he facilitated a rapprochement with Russia. His term in office bolstered the power and influence of the presidency.
428:
rapid rise and failed attempt to march on the Elysee in 1889 posed the first serious threat to the
Republic during Carnot's term. Then came a series of ministerial crises, financial scandals, labour turmoil, anarchist violence, and finally Carnot's own assassination in 1894. The
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of the same year. The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by the formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of
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653:. Carnot died shortly after midnight on 25 June. The stabbing aroused widespread horror and grief, and the president was honoured with an elaborate funeral ceremony in the
551:. In August 1878 he was appointed secretary to the minister of public works. He became minister in September 1880 and again in April 1885, moving almost immediately to the
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of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word.
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and many others, so that he was elected by 616 votes out of 827. He assumed office at a critical period, when the republic was all but openly attacked by
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1723:
2074:
487:. Like his uncle, Marie François came to be known as Sadi Carnot. In his scientific-mindedness and Republican leanings, he resembled his grandfather,
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1548:
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1942:
433:, involving bribes to parliamentarians, resulted in major financial losses and deeply embarrassed those involved. The extreme right-wing newspaper
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in
December 1887, Carnot's reputation for integrity made him a candidate for the presidency, and he obtained the support of
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Carnot was reaching the zenith of his popularity, when, on 24 June 1894, after delivering a speech at a public banquet in
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on 1 July, 1894, after which he was interred in the
Pantheon's crypt alongside other notable figures in French history.
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caused the government of national defence to entrust him in 1870 with the task of organizing resistance in the
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532:, and he was made prefect of Seine-Inférieure in January 1871. In the following month he was elected to the
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and is generally regarded as the founder of the subject, who in turn was named after the
Persian poet
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Lacassagne, Alexandre (1843â1924) Auteur du texte; Poncet, A. Auteur du texte (10 April 1894).
650:
645:
in which he appeared to imply that he would not seek re-election, he was stabbed by an
Italian
1556:
514:. After his academic course, he obtained an appointment in the public service. His hereditary
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2008:
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Caserio called the assassination a political act, and was executed on 16 August 1894.
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state on two occasions of special interest, the celebration of the centenary of the
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2596:
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1890:
1165:
998:
988:
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937:
413:; 11 August 1837 â 25 June 1894) was a French statesman, who served as the
261:
3097:
1465:
3508:
3355:
3313:
3295:
3153:
2971:
2923:
2797:
2335:
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2311:
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1507:
1400:
556:
296:
2713:
2695:
2677:
2659:
1117:
932:
646:
475:, Haute-Vienne. His third given name Sadi was in honour of his uncle
3656:
Members of the 4th
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3651:
Members of the 3rd
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3646:
Members of the 2nd
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
3641:
Members of the 1st
Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
872:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
472:
337:
424:
His presidency was marked by a series of poorly handled crises.
1661:
916:
672:â A city in the Central African Republic named in honour of him
904:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
729:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
716:
Biographical dictionary of French political leaders since 1870
642:
571:
When the Daniel Wilson scandals occasioned the downfall of
525:
353:
891:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
777:"L'assassinat du président Carnot / par A. Lacassagne,..."
441:, escalated intolerance towards Third Republic politics.
467:
Marie François Sadi Carnot was the son of the statesman
743:
741:
739:
737:
600:, Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the
3736:
National presidents assassinated in the 19th century
734:
506:and was a highly distinguished student at both the
30:For the scientist and uncle of Marie François, see
814:Le Président Carnot et ses Funérailles au Panthéon
3582:
829:
774:
1656:
702:Sadi Carnot : l'ingénieur de la République
1642:
1133:
286:23 September 1880 â 14 November 1881
491:, the military modernizer and member of the
797:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1649:
1635:
1140:
1126:
699:
49:
3686:Recipients of the Royal Order of KalÄkaua
1619:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
178:16 April 1885 â 11 December 1886
1147:
877:
747:
626:
452:
3636:Members of the National Assembly (1871)
83:3 December 1887 â 25 June 1894
14:
3583:
631:Illustration of Carnot's assassination
3726:Politicians assassinated in the 1890s
3721:Assassinated heads of state in Europe
1630:
1121:
683:â Sculptor of statue in Saint-Chamond
563:administrations until December 1886.
408:
241:6 April 1885 â 16 April 1885
27:President of France from 1887 to 1894
555:, which post he held under both the
3616:Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
896:
759:
24:
479:, the engineer who formulated the
25:
3747:
3731:Assassinated presidents in Europe
3601:19th-century presidents of France
2638:(September 1870â19 February 1871)
2320:(December 29, 1818âNovember 1819)
956:National Portrait Gallery, London
910:
718:(Prentice Hall, 1990). pp. 69â70.
3676:Ăcole des Ponts ParisTech alumni
915:
906:(Prentice Hall, 1990). pp 69â70.
865:
622:
437:, run by anti-Semitic publicist
387:
3691:Assassinated French politicians
3606:19th-century princes of Andorra
3274:(5 Septemberâ11 September 1948)
902:Bell, David Scott, et al. eds.
591:in 1889 and the opening of the
3706:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
3184:(November 1943âSeptember 1944)
2644:(19 Februaryâ25 February 1871)
2401:(10 Novemberâ18 November 1834)
2308:(September 1815âDecember 1818)
1679:Controller-General of Finances
805:
768:
764:. Brussels: Editions Complexe.
753:
721:
714:David Scott Bell, et al. eds.
708:
693:
410:[maÊifÊÉÌswasadikaÊno]
13:
1:
3626:Transport ministers of France
3334:(1 Februaryâ14 February 1956)
3328:(February 1955âFebruary 1956)
3280:(September 1948âJanuary 1949)
2734:(16 April 1885âDecember 1886)
2314:(7 Decemberâ29 December 1818)
2161:(10 Augustâ21 September 1792)
1949:de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
687:
566:
458:
448:
56:
3701:Deaths by stabbing in France
3250:(December 1946âJanuary 1947)
3211:(November 1944âJanuary 1946)
3058:(4 Februaryâ9 February 1934)
3040:(December 1932âJanuary 1933)
3022:(December 1930âJanuary 1931)
2548:(December 1851âJanuary 1852)
2512:(December 1848âOctober 1849)
700:Harismendy, Patrick (1995).
637:Assassination of Sadi Carnot
607:Carnot was in favour of the
512:Ăcole des Ponts et ChaussĂ©es
481:second law of thermodynamics
7:
3631:Finance ministers of France
3046:(January 1933âJanuary 1934)
2518:(October 1849âJanuary 1851)
883:Carnot, Marie François Sadi
837:"Caserio at the Guillotine"
817:. Librarie le Soudier. 1895
787:– via gallica.bnf.fr.
663:
477:Nicolas LĂ©onard Sadi Carnot
32:Nicolas LĂ©onard Sadi Carnot
10:
3752:
3671:Ăcole Polytechnique alumni
3661:Prefects of Seine-Maritime
3112:(November 1938âMarch 1940)
2974:(December 1925âMarch 1926)
2878:(December 1913âMarch 1914)
2752:(December 1887âApril 1888)
2722:(August 1882â6 April 1885)
1673:Superintendent of Finances
634:
402:Marie François Sadi Carnot
29:
18:Marie François Sadi Carnot
3696:People murdered in France
3371:
3340:(February 1956âJune 1957)
3304:(March 1952âJanuary 1953)
3262:(November 1947âJuly 1948)
3230:
3205:(SeptemberâNovember 1944)
3191:
3152:
3125:
3064:(February 1934âJune 1935)
2624:
2555:
2468:
2443:(March 1840âOctober 1840)
2363:
2288:
2267:
2246:
2225:
2168:
1773:
1688:
1668:
1617:
1486:
1438:
1186:
1155:
1106:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1066:
1057:
1049:
1039:
1030:
1022:
1012:
1003:
995:
985:
976:
968:
963:
395:
383:
373:
364:Manner of death
363:
347:
331:
326:
322:
312:
302:
290:
279:
267:
255:
245:
234:
227:
215:
203:
182:
171:
164:
152:
140:
87:
76:
68:
64:
48:
41:
3352:(November 1957âMay 1958)
2968:(NovemberâDecember 1925)
2944:(June 1924â3 April 1925)
2782:(December 1893âMay 1894)
2740:(December 1886âMay 1887)
2692:(NovemberâDecember 1877)
2686:(May 1877âNovember 1877)
2542:(NovemberâDecember 1851)
2413:(JanuaryâSeptember 1836)
2182:(21 September 1792â1793)
2155:(29 Julyâ10 August 1792)
1540:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1166:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
1102:Salvador Casañas y Pagés
1006:Minister of Public Works
979:Minister of Public Works
952:Portraits of Sadi Carnot
534:French National Assembly
229:Minister of Public Works
3621:Opportunist Republicans
3322:(JanuaryâFebruary 1955)
3256:(JanuaryâNovember 1947)
3244:(OctoberâDecember 1946)
3052:(JanuaryâFebruary 1934)
2962:(OctoberâNovember 1925)
2950:(3 Aprilâ17 April 1925)
2794:(JanuaryâNovember 1895)
2788:(May 1894âJanuary 1895)
2728:(6 Aprilâ16 April 1885)
2617:(AugustâSeptember 1870)
2593:(JanuaryâNovember 1867)
2536:(OctoberâNovember 1851)
2506:(OctoberâDecember 1848)
2407:(18 November 1834â1836)
2395:(1832â10 November 1834)
922:Sadi Carnot (statesman)
888:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
609:Franco-Russian Alliance
3716:1894 murders in Europe
3666:French civil engineers
3193:Provisional Government
2992:(19 Julyâ23 July 1926)
2908:(MarchâSeptember 1917)
2866:(June 1911âMarch 1913)
2377:(AugustâNovember 1830)
2149:(18 Juneâ29 July 1792)
2143:(13 Juneâ18 June 1792)
651:Sante Geronimo Caserio
632:
545:Opportunist Republican
464:
351:25 June 1894 (aged 56)
3517:(MarchâNovember 2004)
3415:(July 1968âJune 1969)
3268:(JulyâSeptember 1948)
3106:(AprilâNovember 1938)
3016:(MarchâDecember 1930)
3010:(FebruaryâMarch 1930)
2890:(9 Juneâ13 June 1914)
2872:(MarchâDecember 1913)
2776:(AprilâDecember 1893)
2716:(JanuaryâAugust 1882)
2656:(AprilâDecember 1872)
2482:(FebruaryâMarch 1848)
2437:(May 1839âMarch 1840)
2302:(JulyâSeptember 1815)
1026:Jean-Jules Clamageran
924:at Wikimedia Commons
630:
547:parliamentary group,
502:He was educated as a
456:
210:Jean-Jules Clamageran
3523:(November 2004â2005)
3346:(JuneâNovember 1957)
3298:(JanuaryâMarch 1952)
3178:(JuneâNovember 1943)
3094:(JanuaryâMarch 1938)
3070:(1 Juneâ7 June 1935)
3034:(JuneâDecember 1932)
3004:(1928âFebruary 1930)
2956:(AprilâOctober 1925)
2836:(MarchâOctober 1906)
2800:(November 1895â1896)
2662:(December 1872â1873)
2605:(JanuaryâApril 1870)
2530:(AprilâOctober 1851)
2524:(JanuaryâApril 1851)
2461:(1847âFebruary 1848)
2212:(JulyâNovember 1799)
2137:(Marchâ13 June 1792)
1969:(December 1720â1722)
1149:Presidents of France
1092:Co-Prince of Andorra
760:Ory, Pascal (1989).
196:Charles de Freycinet
112:Charles de Freycinet
3611:People from Limoges
3385:(October 1958â1960)
3364:(JuneâOctober 1958)
3310:(JanuaryâJune 1953)
3292:(1951âJanuary 1952)
3223:(JuneâOctober 1946)
3217:(JanuaryâJune 1946)
3088:(1937âJanuary 1938)
3028:(January 1931â1932)
2842:(October 1906â1909)
2746:(MayâDecember 1887)
2611:(AprilâAugust 1870)
2599:(1867âJanuary 1870)
2569:(January 1852â1855)
2500:(JuneâOctober 1848)
2449:(October 1840â1842)
1963:(MayâDecember 1720)
1951:(1718âJanuary 1720)
1945:(1718âJanuary 1720)
1557:François Mitterrand
1367:Alexandre Millerand
1265:Jean Casimir-Perier
1214:Patrice de MacMahon
1110:Jean Casimir-Perier
1070:Jean Casimir-Perier
1060:President of France
1033:Minister of Finance
681:André César Vermare
553:ministry of finance
549:Gauche républicaine
508:Ăcole Polytechnique
426:General Boulanger's
415:President of France
378:Moderate Republican
166:Minister of Finance
159:Jean Casimir-Perier
132:Jean Casimir-Perier
71:President of France
3487:(August 1995â1997)
3100:(MarchâApril 1938)
2902:(August 1914â1917)
2896:(JuneâAugust 1914)
2557:House of Bonaparte
2356:(JulyâAugust 1830)
2269:House of Bonaparte
2227:House of Bonaparte
1957:(JanuaryâMay 1720)
1098:Served alongside:
964:Political offices
841:The New York Times
762:l'Expo Universelle
676:Politics of France
633:
613:Order of St Andrew
577:Georges Clemenceau
465:
55:Official portrait
3578:
3577:
3481:(MayâAugust 1995)
3419:Giscard d'Estaing
3407:Couve de Murville
3395:Giscard d'Estaing
3176:Couve de Murville
3118:(MarchâJune 1940)
2980:(MarchâJune 1926)
2938:(MarchâJune 1924)
2884:(MarchâJune 1914)
2860:(MarchâJune 1911)
2854:(1910âMarch 1911)
2830:(1905âMarch 1906)
2770:(1892âApril 1893)
2758:(April 1888â1889)
2425:(1837âMarch 1839)
2281:(MarchâJuly 1815)
2153:Delaville-Leroulx
2131:(1791âMarch 1792)
1658:Finance ministers
1624:
1623:
1594:François Hollande
1497:Charles de Gaulle
1116:
1115:
1107:Succeeded by
1096:1887â1894
1067:Succeeded by
1040:Succeeded by
1013:Succeeded by
986:Succeeded by
920:Media related to
731:(1990). pp 69â70.
611:and received the
589:French Revolution
581:General Boulanger
497:French Revolution
419:his assassination
399:
398:
16:(Redirected from
3743:
3541:(June 2007â2011)
3308:BourgĂšs-Maunoury
3172:(1942âJune 1943)
3076:(June 1935â1936)
2998:(July 1926â1928)
2986:(JuneâJuly 1926)
2488:(MarchâMay 1848)
2431:(MarchâMay 1839)
2365:House of Orléans
2290:House of Bourbon
2248:House of Bourbon
2206:(1796âJuly 1799)
1775:House of Bourbon
1742:de Cossé-Brissac
1651:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1569:
1552:
1527:
1515:Georges Pompidou
1478:
1461:
1430:
1413:
1396:
1384:Gaston Doumergue
1379:
1362:
1345:
1333:Raymond Poincaré
1328:
1316:Armand FalliĂšres
1311:
1294:
1277:
1260:
1243:
1226:
1209:
1178:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1082:Preceded by
1050:Preceded by
1023:Preceded by
996:Preceded by
969:Preceded by
961:
960:
947:Carnot biography
919:
897:Furthere reading
892:
871:
869:
868:
853:
852:
850:
848:
843:. 16 August 1894
833:
827:
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809:
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772:
766:
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757:
751:
745:
732:
725:
719:
712:
706:
705:
704:. Paris: Perrin.
697:
593:Paris Exhibition
543:. He joined the
530:Seine-Inférieure
471:and was born in
469:Hippolyte Carnot
463:
460:
417:from 1887 until
412:
407:
391:
327:Personal details
315:
305:
293:
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270:
258:
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90:
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3742:
3741:
3740:
3681:Corps des ponts
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3535:(MayâJune 2007)
3529:(2005âMay 2007)
3475:(1993âMay 1995)
3409:(MayâJuly 1968)
3403:(1966âMay 1968)
3375:
3367:
3358:(MayâJune 1958)
3234:
3232:Fourth Republic
3226:
3195:
3187:
3156:
3148:
3129:
3121:
2936:François-Marsal
2918:François-Marsal
2680:(1875âMay 1877)
2648:Pouyer-Quertier
2628:
2620:
2559:
2551:
2494:(MayâJune 1848)
2472:
2470:Second Republic
2464:
2453:Lacave-Laplagne
2423:Lacave-Laplagne
2367:
2359:
2350:(MayâJuly 1830)
2344:(1829âMay 1830)
2292:
2284:
2271:
2263:
2250:
2242:
2229:
2221:
2172:
2164:
1885:de La Vieuville
1809:de La Vieuville
1777:
1769:
1692:
1690:House of Valois
1684:
1664:
1655:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1604:Emmanuel Macron
1584:Nicolas Sarkozy
1563:
1546:
1521:
1482:
1472:
1455:
1440:Fourth Republic
1434:
1424:
1407:
1390:
1373:
1356:
1339:
1322:
1305:
1288:
1271:
1254:
1237:
1220:
1203:
1182:
1172:
1157:Second Republic
1151:
1146:
1112:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1087:
1072:
1063:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1028:
1018:
1009:
1001:
991:
982:
974:
913:
899:
881:, ed. (1911). "
866:
864:
856:
846:
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811:
810:
806:
790:
789:
782:
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773:
769:
758:
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746:
735:
726:
722:
713:
709:
698:
694:
690:
666:
639:
625:
602:Panama scandals
569:
528:, Calvados and
461:
451:
439:Ădouard Drumont
435:La Libre Parole
431:Panama scandals
405:
374:Political party
352:
336:
313:
303:
291:
285:
280:
268:
256:
246:
240:
235:
216:
204:
199:
183:
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153:
141:
136:
122:Alexandre Ribot
107:Charles Floquet
97:Maurice Rouvier
88:
82:
77:
60:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3749:
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3571:(2024âpresent)
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
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3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
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3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3377:
3376:(1958âpresent)
3373:Fifth Republic
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
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3062:Germain-Martin
3059:
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3047:
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3029:
3023:
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3017:
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2639:
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2626:Third Republic
2622:
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2594:
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2220:
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2195:
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2176:
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2170:First Republic
2166:
2165:
2163:
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2156:
2150:
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2138:
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2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
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2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
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1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1967:de La Houssaye
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
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1934:
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1910:
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1591:
1581:
1574:Jacques Chirac
1571:
1554:
1537:
1529:
1512:
1504:
1493:
1491:
1490:(1958âpresent)
1488:Fifth Republic
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1463:
1449:Vincent Auriol
1445:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1415:
1398:
1381:
1364:
1350:Paul Deschanel
1347:
1330:
1313:
1296:
1279:
1262:
1245:
1228:
1211:
1197:Adolphe Thiers
1193:
1191:
1188:Third Republic
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1162:
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1077:Regnal titles
1074:
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1047:
1046:
1043:Albert Dauphin
1041:
1038:
1029:
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1016:Charles DemĂŽle
1014:
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911:External links
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879:Chisholm, Hugh
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247:Prime Minister
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3127:Vichy France
2930:de Lasteyrie
2708:Allain-Targé
2441:de la LozĂšre
2191:
2087:de Fourqueux
1997:de SĂ©chelles
1991:d'Arnouville
1913:Le Pelletier
1815:de Champigny
1803:de Schomberg
1758:de BelliĂšvre
1608:2017âpresent
1531:
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1299:Ămile Loubet
1247:
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999:David Raynal
989:David Raynal
977:
972:Henri Varroy
942:Find a Grave
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318:David Raynal
314:Succeeded by
308:Henri Varroy
281:
269:Succeeded by
262:David Raynal
236:
217:Succeeded by
173:
154:Succeeded by
117:Ămile Loubet
78:
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3596:1894 deaths
3591:1837 births
3565:(2017â2024)
3559:(2014â2017)
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3316:(1953â1955)
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3196:(1944â1946)
3166:(1941â1942)
3157:(1941â1944)
3154:Free France
3145:(1942â1944)
3139:(1940â1942)
3137:Bouthillier
3130:(1940â1944)
3104:Marchandeau
3092:Marchandeau
3082:(1936â1937)
3056:Marchandeau
2932:(1922â1924)
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2914:(1917â1920)
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2579:La Roquette
2575:(1855â1860)
2560:(1852â1870)
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2173:(1792â1804)
2147:de Beaulieu
2125:(1790â1791)
2113:(1789â1790)
2105:de Breteuil
2101:(1788â1789)
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2083:(1783â1787)
2071:(1781â1783)
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2035:(1768â1769)
2029:(1763â1768)
2023:(1759â1763)
2011:(1757â1759)
2005:(1756â1757)
1999:(1754â1756)
1993:(1745â1754)
1987:(1730â1745)
1981:(1726â1730)
1975:(1722â1726)
1939:(1715â1718)
1937:de Noailles
1933:(1708â1715)
1927:(1699â1708)
1921:(1689â1699)
1915:(1683â1689)
1909:(1661â1683)
1903:(1659â1661)
1897:(1653â1659)
1887:(1651â1653)
1881:(1650â1651)
1879:de Longueil
1875:(1649â1650)
1865:(1648â1649)
1863:de La Porte
1859:(1647â1648)
1853:(1643â1647)
1847:de Bailleul
1843:(1640â1643)
1841:Bouthillier
1837:(1632â1640)
1835:Bouthillier
1827:(1626â1632)
1821:(1624â1626)
1819:de Marillac
1811:(1623â1624)
1805:(1619â1622)
1799:(1614â1619)
1793:(1598â1611)
1787:(1589â1594)
1778:(1589â1792)
1766:(1588â1589)
1760:(1574â1588)
1754:(1568â1570)
1748:(1561â1567)
1738:(1559â1560)
1736:de Lorraine
1732:(1556â1559)
1726:(1552â1556)
1720:(1546â1552)
1718:d'Annebault
1714:(1544â1546)
1708:(1524â1544)
1702:(1518â1524)
1693:(1518â1589)
1681:(1661â1791)
1675:(1561â1661)
1564: [
1547: [
1533:Alain Poher
1522: [
1508:Alain Poher
1473: [
1456: [
1442:(1947â1958)
1425: [
1408: [
1401:Paul Doumer
1391: [
1374: [
1357: [
1340: [
1323: [
1306: [
1289: [
1282:FĂ©lix Faure
1272: [
1255: [
1248:Sadi Carnot
1238: [
1231:Jules Grévy
1221: [
1204: [
1190:(1870â1940)
1173: [
1159:(1848â1852)
1085:Jules Grévy
1053:Jules Grévy
938:Sadi Carnot
929:Sadi Carnot
859:Attribution
573:Jules Grévy
538:département
462: 1873
304:Preceded by
297:Jules Ferry
257:Preceded by
205:Preceded by
147:Jules Grévy
142:Preceded by
43:Sadi Carnot
3585:Categories
3473:Alphandéry
2726:Clamageran
2654:de Goulard
2522:de Germiny
2348:de Montbel
2342:de Crouzol
2330:de VillĂšle
2123:de Lessart
2093:de Brienne
2081:de Calonne
2075:d'Ormesson
2027:de Laverdy
1943:de Caumont
1925:Chamillart
1919:Phélypeaux
1831:de Bullion
1791:de BĂ©thune
1752:de Birague
1064:1887â1894
1037:1885â1886
983:1880â1881
933:Structurae
821:8 November
688:References
567:Presidency
449:Early life
3551:Moscovici
3461:Bérégovoy
3449:Bérégovoy
3116:Lamoureux
2990:de Monzie
2948:de Monzie
2942:Clementel
2888:Clémentel
2690:Dutilleul
2498:Goudchaux
2480:Goudchaux
2387:Dominique
2375:Dominique
2354:Dominique
2318:Dominique
2300:Dominique
2258:Dominique
2141:Duranthon
2069:de Fleury
2057:des RĂ©aux
2051:de Clugny
2033:d'Invault
1979:des Forts
1961:des Forts
1931:Desmarets
1873:de Mesmes
1851:de Mesmes
1746:d'Ongnyes
1730:d'Avançon
1712:du Thiers
1700:de Beaune
1598:2012â2017
1588:2007â2012
1578:1995â2007
1561:1981â1995
1544:1974â1981
1536:(interim)
1519:1969â1974
1511:(interim)
1501:1959â1969
1470:1954â1959
1466:René Coty
1453:1947â1954
1422:1932â1940
1405:1931â1932
1388:1924â1931
1371:1920â1924
1337:1913â1920
1320:1906â1913
1303:1899â1906
1286:1895â1899
1269:1894â1895
1252:1887â1894
1235:1879â1887
1218:1873â1879
1201:1871â1873
1170:1848â1851
779:A. Storck
647:anarchist
561:Freycinet
541:CĂŽte-d'Or
493:Directory
421:in 1894.
384:Signature
282:In office
237:In office
174:In office
79:In office
3563:Le Maire
3455:Balladur
3425:Fourcade
3350:Pflimlin
3344:Gaillard
3338:Ramadier
3326:Pflimlin
3278:Queuille
3170:Diethelm
3068:Caillaux
2996:Poincaré
2984:Caillaux
2966:Loucheur
2960:Painlevé
2954:Caillaux
2894:Noullens
2876:Caillaux
2858:Caillaux
2840:Caillaux
2834:Poincaré
2816:Caillaux
2786:Poincaré
2684:Caillaux
2417:DuchĂątel
2411:d'Argout
2381:Laffitte
2306:Corvetto
2198:Faipoult
2180:ClaviĂšre
2159:ClaviĂšre
2135:ClaviĂšre
2003:de Moras
1724:Guillart
793:cite web
783:10 April
664:See also
655:Panthéon
559:and the
510:and the
3539:Lagarde
3521:Gaymard
3515:Sarkozy
3497:Sautter
3485:Arthuis
3479:Madelin
3332:Lacoste
3284:Petsche
3266:Reynaud
3254:Schuman
3242:Schuman
3221:Schuman
3203:Lepercq
3143:Cathala
3110:Reynaud
3074:RĂ©gnier
3026:Flandin
3014:Reynaud
2906:Thierry
2882:Renoult
2846:Cochery
2822:Rouvier
2810:Peytral
2804:Cochery
2780:Burdeau
2774:Peytral
2762:Rouvier
2756:Peytral
2744:Rouvier
2738:Dauphin
2534:Blondel
2492:Duclerc
2429:Gautier
2117:Lambert
1907:Colbert
1901:Fouquet
1895:Fouquet
1891:Servien
1869:d'Emery
1857:d'Emery
1825:de Ruzé
1797:Jeannin
954:at the
876::
847:24 June
536:by the
524:of the
495:of the
473:Limoges
406:French:
338:Limoges
3569:Armand
3545:Baroin
3533:Borloo
3527:Breton
3503:Fabius
3443:Delors
3437:Monory
3413:Ortoli
3272:Pineau
3248:Philip
3215:Philip
3209:Pleven
3182:France
3164:Pleven
3086:Bonnet
3080:Auriol
3050:Piétri
3044:Bonnet
3038:Chéron
3008:Dumont
3002:Chéron
2972:Doumer
2924:Doumer
2870:Dumont
2828:Merlou
2798:Doumer
2768:Tirard
2750:Tirard
2732:Carnot
2720:Tirard
2702:Magnin
2642:Buffet
2636:Picard
2609:Segris
2603:Buffet
2591:Rouher
2567:Bineau
2447:Humann
2405:Humann
2393:Humann
2279:Gaudin
2272:(1815)
2237:Gaudin
2216:Gaudin
2210:Lindet
2192:Vacant
2119:(1790)
2111:Necker
2107:(1789)
2099:Necker
2089:(1787)
2077:(1783)
2063:Necker
2053:(1776)
2045:Turgot
2039:Terray
2021:Bertin
2017:(1759)
1662:France
870:
727:Bell,
670:Carnot
649:named
358:France
342:France
3557:Sapin
3467:Sapin
3431:Barre
3401:Debré
3383:Pinay
3362:Pinay
3356:Faure
3320:Buron
3314:Faure
3302:Pinay
3296:Faure
3290:Mayer
3260:Mayer
2978:PĂ©ret
2912:Klotz
2900:Ribot
2864:Klotz
2852:Klotz
2792:Ribot
2666:Magne
2615:Magne
2597:Magne
2585:Fould
2573:Magne
2546:Fould
2528:Fould
2516:Fould
2510:Passy
2459:Dumon
2435:Passy
2399:Passy
2129:Tarbé
1973:Dodun
1706:Babou
1568:]
1551:]
1526:]
1477:]
1460:]
1429:]
1412:]
1395:]
1378:]
1361:]
1344:]
1327:]
1310:]
1293:]
1276:]
1259:]
1242:]
1225:]
1208:]
1177:]
1010:1885
615:from
557:Ferry
59:1880s
3098:Blum
1985:Orry
1354:1920
849:2008
823:2013
799:link
785:2018
643:Lyon
526:Eure
354:Lyon
348:Died
332:Born
69:5th
3509:Mer
2714:Say
2696:Say
2678:Say
2660:Say
2336:Roy
2324:Roy
2312:Roy
1955:Law
1785:d'O
1764:d'O
1660:of
940:at
931:at
885:".
3587::
1566:fr
1549:fr
1524:fr
1475:fr
1458:fr
1427:fr
1410:fr
1393:fr
1376:fr
1359:fr
1342:fr
1325:fr
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1291:fr
1274:fr
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839:.
795:}}
791:{{
736:^
619:.
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459:c.
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