17:
237:
123:
46:
88:
216:
160:
174:
74:
102:
188:
250:
146:
202:
60:
501:
Paraguay left to approve the agreement. Due to objections from
Paraguay that the protocol was agreed to while it was under suspension from the organization, an amended protocol was agreed to in 2015. Brazil ratified the agreement in December 2023, the final Mercosur member to do so, leaving only Bolivia's internal ratification process to be completed before it becomes a full member.
479:, the bloc called for "free, fair and transparent presidential elections, as soon as possible" in Venezuela. The presidents of the four member countries signed a statement expressing concern "for the grave crisis that Venezuela is going through, which is seriously affecting the humanitarian situation and human rights."
435:
Human Rights violations among other issues. Moreover, Venezuela was rejected from assuming the presidency of
Mercosur by those three countries. Venezuela had four years to fully adapt to the trade bloc regulations and failed to do so, with the nation being suspended from Mercosur on 1 December 2016.
434:
In August 2016, the presidents of Brazil, Argentina and
Paraguay, while present in Rio de Janeiro for the Olympic Games, met to discuss suspending Venezuela from Mercosur. The three countries are in doubt about whether Venezuela is complying with the union's requirements for full membership, citing
363:
said that he was confident the Senate would approve the entry of
Venezuela and added that "There is no Senate opposition to the entry of Venezuela into Mercosur. What exists is a natural process of discussion by the senators who want to evaluate the pros and cons of the enlargement of Mercosur with
500:
Bolivia's full participation in the
Mercosur bloc has been under negotiation since June 2011. In December 2012, Bolivia signed an accession protocol to become a full member. Uruguay ratified the agreement in June 2014. In September 2014 Argentina approved Bolivia's entry, leaving only Brazil and
1303:
525:
418:
called on
Congress to avoid “prejudices” and not limit a country of millions of souls “to a single name”, after a June 2010 political agreement between the President's coalition and the Colorado party that renewed speakers at the Senate and the Lower House.
753:
443:
On 5 August 2017, the foreign ministers of
Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil affirmed that Venezuela's membership of Mercosur is suspended indefinitely in response to the "rupture of the democratic order" in that country following the
529:
299:
and the violation of the
Democratic Clause of Mercosur, so Venezuela's admission, already approved by the remaining members, became effective on July 31. Venezuela is considered a key member of the Mercosur due to its
491:
complicates such attempts. Peru's president Humala said in 2011 that Peru may be interested in joining in the future, but that the country was not yet ready to start the process due to economic reasons.
1013:
399:. The party had ruled Paraguay for 61 years until 2008 and still controls Paraguay's Upper House whose support is needed to pass the bill. On March 4, 2009, the External Relations Commission of the
668:
1228:
817:
426:
and the violation of the
Democratic Clause of Mercosur, so the admission of Venezuela (already approved by the other legislatures of Mercosur) became effective in July 2012.
843:
1324:
725:
1021:
612:
573:
1142:
988:
1214:
1124:
1654:
899:
551:
1051:
448:. The bloc by-laws have no provision for expulsion. However, trade and migration policies stay without changes in order to avoid aggravating the
1232:
1253:
445:
352:
in
Venezuela. One senator Flexa Ribeiro said, "The Brazilian Senate needs to send a strong message in support of the reestablishment of full
975:
411:, after several legislators questioned Hugo Chávez's "commitment to democracy" following the closure of several media outlets in Venezuela.
332:
in the Senate, senator Arthur Virgílio, stated that the party would try to prevent Venezuela's entry in Mercosur. On December 18, 2008, the
1611:
1063:
931:
422:
The Paraguayan Senate's block on Venezuela's membership was circumvented in June 2012, when the country was suspended from Mercosur for
1345:
821:
395:
The government of Paraguay supports Venezuela's entry into Mercosur but this process is complicated by opposition from the right-wing
304:, including natural gas and oil. Venezuela is also an important economic market for Brazil because of a favorable balance of trade.
1229:"Bolivia Advances in Efforts to Become Full Member of Mercosur | International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development"
336:
approved by 265 votes, 61 against and 6 abstentions, Venezuela's bid for membership in Mercosur. The bill was forwarded to the
1625:
468:
344:
said he expected final approval by September. However, some members of the Senate condemned Hugo Chávez's alleged attacks on
792:
635:
1001:
847:
767:
1644:
1376:
613:
https://www.la-razon.com/economia/2024/07/08/ingreso-pleno-al-mercosur-bolivia-es-ahora-un-eje-integrador-en-la-region/
403:
could not approve a recommendation for Venezuela's bid for membership in Mercosur. The bill was later withdrawn by the
328:
responded by accusing the Brazilian Congress of being subservient to interests of the United States. The leader of the
1304:"Comunicado Conjunto das Presidentas e dos Presidentes dos Estados Partes do MERCOSUL – Brasília, 17 de julho de 2015"
1034:
1659:
1549:
1168:
34:
is composed of five full members (one of which is suspended), five associated countries and two observer countries:
329:
722:
1278:
1102:
472:
1200:
460:
333:
313:
1346:"Ecuador notificará inicio de negociaciones para adhesión a Mercosur – Secretaría Nacional de Planificación"
423:
296:
16:
360:
341:
1606:
1416:
1079:
488:
896:
1035:
Paraguayan Chamber of Senators does not approve first attempt to grant Venezuela membership in Mercosur
396:
364:
Venezuela's entry." According to Lula, the expansion of the organisation will especially benefit the
950:
915:
Bragon, Ranier; Andreza Matais (September 22, 2007), "Congresso brasileiro reage a fala de Chávez",
376:
to meet with 81 senators and explain the benefits of Venezuela's entry into Mercosur for Brazil.
1411:
1369:
1038:
669:
Venezuela officially welcomed into Mercosur trade bloc during ceremony in Brazil (31 July 2012)
487:
Bolivia and Ecuador have expressed interest to join the bloc. However, their membership in the
353:
740:
601:
528:. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Archived from
885:
689:
412:
349:
1590:
1580:
1406:
869:
Bragon, Ranier; Andreza Matais (2007-09-22), "A Chávez, governo prevê aprovação neste ano",
1178:
408:
404:
345:
132:
Associate state (2004), Protocol of Accession (2006), Full Member (2012), suspended (2016)
8:
1554:
476:
449:
456:
said that Venezuela will remain suspended until the country "re-establishes democracy."
400:
684:
1649:
1362:
320:. In May 2007, the Brazilian Senate asked Venezuela to reconsider the non-renewal of
464:
1064:
Lugo calls Congress to vote for Venezuela’s Mercosur incorporation (June 28th 2010)
917:
871:
639:
380:
337:
317:
301:
268:
signed framework agreements with Mercosur in July 2013 to become associate states.
1014:"Paraguay no aprueba ingreso de Venezuela al Mercosur | Economía |El-N…"
903:
729:
365:
574:"Presidentes dos países do Mercosul se reúnem para discutir integração do bloco"
1585:
1575:
1570:
325:
1638:
936:
453:
415:
1052:
Paraguayan government withdraws bill for Venezuela's Mercosur incorporation
340:, where it was still pending as of 31 May 2009, though Brazilian President
1533:
242:
989:"Epa - european pressphoto agency: Lula dice confiar en la aprobación …"
373:
1354:
324:'s license, an oppositionist television network. Venezuelan president
1466:
1441:
1173:
976:
Brazilian Senate condemns Venezuela further delaying its Mercosur bid
636:"Argentina National Communications Commission (CNC) official webpage"
384:
356:." The decision could further delay Venezuela's entry into Mercosur.
284:
276:
128:
51:
1508:
1488:
1456:
1385:
1125:"Mercosur suspends Venezuela for "rupture of the democratic order""
280:
265:
221:
165:
93:
30:
1493:
1461:
1446:
1282:
369:
295:. However, in June 2012 Paraguay was suspended from Mercosur for
292:
179:
107:
79:
1528:
1498:
1451:
953:. MercoPress. December 18, 2008. Retrieved on 22 December 2008.
288:
279:
applied for membership, but its entry has not been ratified by
261:
255:
193:
65:
1483:
151:
962:"Brazilian President is confident Venezuela joins Mercosur,
844:"Tratados, protocolos e acordos firmados após julho de 2012"
1503:
1066:
951:
Brazilian Congress puts Venezuela inches closer to Mercosur
754:"Nova Zelândia quer tratado de livre comércio com Mercosul"
741:
https://www.mercosur.int/quienes-somos/paises-del-mercosur/
602:
https://www.mercosur.int/quienes-somos/paises-del-mercosur/
509:
Ecuador started negotiations to join Mercosur in May 2013.
321:
207:
1325:"Brazil deposits Bolivia's accession protocol to Mercosur"
312:
The process was approved by the Brazilian Government, the
1257:
1103:"Mercosur suspends Venezuela, urges immediate transition"
685:"Mercosur suspends Venezuela for failure to follow rules"
921:, São Paulo, São Paulo: Folha da Manhã S.A., p. A10
875:, São Paulo, São Paulo: Folha da Manhã S.A., p. A10
751:
1254:"Bolivia a step closer to full membership in Mercosur"
1279:"Bolivia to join Mercosur as full member - Rousseff"
914:
868:
429:
1306:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil. 2015-07-18
1169:"South American bloc calls for Venezuela elections"
390:
932:Brazil Senate leader against Venezuela in Mercosur
307:
1636:
526:"Se formaliza adhesión de Venezuela al Mercosur"
1100:
752:Senado Federal do Brasil (September 27, 2013).
1370:
1080:"Venezuela's Mercosur Membership is in Peril"
597:
595:
593:
591:
1434:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
446:30 July 2017 Constituent Assembly elections
1377:
1363:
1143:"¿Venezuela tiene un presidente interino?"
679:
677:
588:
554:. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada
482:
459:In January 2019, the opposition-majority
1317:
1201:"Bolivia and Ecuador targeting Mercosur"
705:
15:
1655:Countries by international organization
1384:
793:"Suriname-Mercosur Framework Agreement"
674:
368:of Brazil. The ambassador of Brazil in
1637:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
1358:
1215:"Humala: Peru not ready for Mercosur"
897:Brazil - balance of trade - Venezuela
768:"Guyana-Mercosur Framework Agreement"
438:
1327:. Government of Paraguay. 2023-12-18
114:
1057:
671:Reuters. Retrieved on 1 August 2012
653:
617:
137:
13:
1101:Silvio Cascione (August 5, 2017).
228:
14:
1671:
430:Venezuela's membership in dispute
978:. MercoPress. September 4, 2009.
552:"Os venezuelanos estão chegando"
391:Ratification process in Paraguay
330:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
248:
235:
214:
200:
186:
172:
158:
144:
121:
100:
86:
72:
58:
44:
37:
1338:
1296:
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1221:
1207:
1193:
1161:
1135:
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1072:
1045:
1028:
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995:
981:
969:
956:
944:
925:
908:
890:
879:
862:
836:
810:
785:
760:
745:
734:
475:. During a July 2019 summit in
372:, Antonio Simões was called to
606:
566:
544:
518:
407:after it feared defeat in the
401:Paraguayan Chamber of Senators
308:Ratification process in Brazil
283:, although it was ratified by
20:Dark green: full member states
1:
1054:. MercoPress. 14 August 2009.
512:
452:. Brazilian Foreign Minister
334:Brazilian Chamber of Deputies
22:Blue: acceding future members
1042:. Retrieved on 4 March 2009.
359:In September 2009 President
271:
7:
1612:Vehicle registration plates
489:Andean Community of Nations
10:
1676:
1082:. Stratfor. August 8, 2016
846:. Mercosur. Archived from
820:. Mercosur. Archived from
504:
495:
1645:Member states of Mercosur
1620:
1599:
1563:
1542:
1521:
1476:
1425:
1399:
1392:
1069:Retrieved on 17 July 2010
723:Mercosur member countries
379:On 15 December 2009, the
361:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
342:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1660:Economy of South America
1394:(Southern Common Market)
1067:http://en.mercopress.com
387:'s entry into Mercosur.
1177:. Santa Fe, Argentina.
1412:Protocol of Ouro Preto
886:Venezuela and Mercosur
483:Accession applications
424:an alleged coup d'état
354:democracy in Venezuela
297:an alleged coup d'état
25:
24:Red: suspended members
1550:President pro tempore
690:Associated Press News
405:Paraguayan government
19:
1179:Agence France-Presse
964:Noticias Financieras
471:invalid, entering a
346:freedom of the press
1386:Mercosur · Mercosul
850:on October 21, 2013
824:on October 24, 2013
576:. Governo do Brasil
532:on January 30, 2016
477:Santa Fe, Argentina
473:presidential crisis
463:declared incumbent
314:Chamber of Deputies
1591:Venezuelan bolívar
1581:Paraguayan guaraní
1407:Treaty of Asunción
1149:. January 11, 2019
902:2005-05-05 at the
728:2013-01-18 at the
439:Later developments
26:
1632:
1631:
1517:
1516:
1477:Associated states
1002:BBC in Portuguese
693:. 2 December 2016
461:National Assembly
133:
115:Suspended members
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1290:
1275:
1269:
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1231:. Archived from
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1219:
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1131:. 6 August 2017.
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1089:
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1020:. Archived from
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764:
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756:(in Portuguese).
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738:
732:
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702:
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681:
672:
666:
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650:
648:
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638:. Archived from
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615:
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599:
586:
585:
583:
581:
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564:
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548:
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338:Brazilian Senate
302:energy resources
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1181:. 17 July 2019
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1024:on 2012-07-08.
1005:
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966:, 31 May 2009.
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941:March 6, 2009.
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1235:on 2015-04-29
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