40:
56:
1652:
1614:
1598:
341:
525:(part of the Philippines). In the same year, Miangas Village Secretary Jhonlyi Awala died from a beating at the hands of the Chief of Police of Miangas. About 200 people, dressed in black, demonstrated to express their outrage at the senseless death and the island's neglect by the Indonesian state. They lowered the Indonesian flag at the Miangas pier and instead raised the Philippine flag. Talaud Regent Elly Engelbert Lasut, who arrived from Manado, de-escalated the situation.
613:
1723:
1676:
1695:
1668:
1640:
63:
539:
A monument, named
Monumen Patung Santiago (Monument Statue of Santiago), was built and inaugurated on the island in 2009 to commemorate Santiago who defended the island from the Dutch colonials. In 2011, the island could be reached by ship operated by
1104:
443:
on 31 March. On 17 October the
Netherlands Foreign Ministry responded with reasons why the island was included in the Dutch East Indies. On 23 January 1925 the Netherlands and the United States brought the case to the
405:
flag. With
Jellesma was Pastor Kroll, who baptized 254 residents as Protestants. After Jellesma's visit, a Tahuna assistant resident and Pastor Pannings visited the island in April and October 1909.
501:
Directives and
Guidelines on the Implementation of the Immigration Agreement on Repatriation and Border Crossing Arrangement Between Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of the Philippines
1112:
1399:
360:
belonged to two kingdoms, Tabukan and
Kalongan. To justify their sovereignty over Miangas, the Dutch argued that the island had been under the domination of the princes of Sangir.
1147:
547:
In 2014, both the governments of the
Philippines and Indonesia officially demarcated their maritime borders, with Miangas recognized as within the waters of Indonesia.
499:, to cross the border to trade, visit family, worship, and travel. On 16 September 1965, Jusuf Ronodipuro of Indonesia and Leon T. Garcia of the Philippines signed a
439:, he reported it to the United States Military Secretary, on 26 January. The United States government referred the matter to the Netherlands through their embassy in
886:
1077:
604:. In the northeast corner of the island, there is a 46-metre-high (151 ft) cliff, with the northeast shore fringed by a 320 m (0.2 mi) reef.
459:
argued that Spain could not have legally ceded Palmas or any part of the
Philippines to the United States because Filipinos had already established the
423:, the Philippines area was all areas within a large geographic box. Miangas lay inside the southern boundary of the box. On 21 January 1906, General
317:), meaning "people who live separated from the main archipelago" and "our island", respectively. During the 16th century, the island was named in
508:
504:
1575:
592: mi) wide, with an area of 3.15 km. Miangas, which lies to the north of the Nanusa Islands, forms a separate district within the
431:, officially visited the island for the first time. He found the Dutch flag was flying there and that the island was claimed as part of the
1403:
755:
M. P. H. Roessingh, "Dutch relations with the
Philippines:a survey of sources in the General States Archives, The Hague, Netherlands",
514:
In 1972, the island was hit by a tsunami, and 90 householders were moved by the government to
Bolaang-Mongondow Regency as a result.
661:
As at the 2010 Census, the island's population was 728 people; the official estimate in mid-2022 was 816. Miangas inhabitants speak
600:. The highest point, called Gunung Batu, is 111 metres high, located in the northeast part of the island. This area is covered with
582:
in the
Philippines. It also lies 87 km (54 mi) southeast of Mindanao. It is 3 km (2 mi) long and 1.2 km (
529:
1194:
1139:
386:
The island was affected by an outbreak of cholera in 1885, causing hundreds of the inhabitants to move to Karakelang Island.
287:
471:
On 4 July 1956, Indonesia, represented by Ambassador Soehardjo Wirjopranoto, and the Philippines, represented by Ambassador
1750:
1223:
808:
Kelsey, Harry (April 1986). "Finding the Way Home: Spanish Exploration of the Round-Trip Route across the Pacific Ocean".
1274:
551:
1323:
1169:
496:
1656:
1568:
452:
of Switzerland. On 4 April 1928 Huber decided that the island "forms in its entirety a part of Netherlands territory".
113:
1602:
1543:
1524:
1503:
1482:
1461:
1249:
1069:
676:
The island has a police station and two military posts. There are also a market, a harbor office and a bank office.
1760:
1374:
55:
792:
445:
1561:
286:
is the northernmost island not just of North Sulawesi but also of Indonesia, and one of 92 officially listed
1031:
631:, however, they started using motorboats. These are now the main source of transportation. In October 2016,
1755:
533:
1105:"Between Manado and Davao: How the Indonesian island of Miangas is making use of its Philippine ties"
460:
1324:"KM Sangiang-Berlayar Hingga Tapal Batas Miangas KM Sangiang-Berlayar Hingga Tapal Batas Miangas"
783:
Berguno, Jorge (1990). "The South and Mid-Pacific Voyages". In Hardy, John; Frost, Alan (eds.).
843:
Nowell, Charles E. (December 1936). "The Loaisa Expedition and the Ownership of the Moluccas".
593:
420:
357:
222:
477:
Agreement on Immigration Between the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Indonesia
1001:
628:
449:
414:
692:
Sasahara language or sea language is a language that is used by Sangir people while sailing.
1618:
597:
436:
369:
8:
536:
in February 2009 published a map which included Miangas into the Philippines' territory.
398:
326:
26:
860:
825:
647:
Miangas inhabitants derive their main income from fishing. Women also weave mats from
627:
For transportation, Miangas inhabitants once relied on homemade sailboats. During the
1539:
1520:
1499:
1478:
1457:
788:
432:
402:
263:
1453:
International Relations in Southeast Asia: Between Bilateralism and Multilateralism
852:
817:
670:
662:
492:
472:
318:
39:
1704:
1514:
1493:
1472:
1451:
1327:
1006:"Island of Palmas (or Miangas) (The United States of America v. The Netherlands)"
666:
632:
616:
559:
480:
1536:
Sejarah Wilayah Perbatasan: Miangas - Filipina 1928 - 2010 Dua Nama Satu Juragan
1477:. Publications on Ocean Development. Vol. 65. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
1683:
1628:
575:
380:
353:
212:
148:
101:
1513:
Rothwell, Donald R.; Kaye, Stuart; Akhtarkhavari, Afshin; Davis, Ruth (2010).
1744:
1553:
757:
518:
428:
372:, Spanish sailor and researcher, was the first European to visit the island.
349:
128:
115:
601:
488:
424:
348:
According to local tradition, there were a number of kingdoms in the area.
340:
305:
used to visit the island. In the Sasahara language, the island is called
1005:
1709:
1660:
1651:
1622:
1613:
1606:
1597:
636:
620:
463:
on June 12, 1898 before the Treaty of Paris was signed on Dec. 10, 1898.
456:
97:
1474:
Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea
1715:
1491:
1348:
864:
612:
579:
522:
829:
1727:
555:
440:
310:
255:
856:
1516:
International Law: Cases and Materials With Australian Perspectives
1273:
Polakitan, Karel Alexander (12 March 2017). Burhani, Ruslan (ed.).
821:
649:
302:
93:
1070:"Special Report: The legal battle for Palmas island (conclusion)"
639:. The inaugural flight served this airport several months later.
484:
1534:
Ulaen, Alex J.; Wulandari, Triana; Tangkilisan, Yuda B. (2012).
571:
390:
376:
267:
1512:
964:
1722:
851:(4). United States: University of California Press: 325–336.
541:
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1055:
988:
976:
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910:
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554:
serves the island once a week. The flight, operated by
887:"Menilik Perbatasan Indonesia-Filipina: Pulau Miangas"
1400:"Wings Air Flies Inaugural Flight to Miangas Island"
1250:"Philippines, Indonesia seal historic maritime deal"
816:(2). United States: Utah State University: 145–164.
455:
It was reported in 2003 that Philippine congressman
1519:. Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
1398:Wiseno, Hari; Qusnulyakin, Firman (13 March 2017).
1495:Prostar Sailing Directions 2004 New Guinea Enroute
1068:Bagares, Romel; Calica, Aurea (February 3, 2003).
570:Miangas is located 521 km (324 mi) from
1397:
596:. The island is mainly lowland, about 1.5 metres
1742:
1492:National Geospatial-intelligence Agency (2004).
301:means "exposed to piracy", because pirates from
1275:"Wings Air to Open Inaugural Flight to Miangas"
466:
1583:
1140:"Private mapmaker suspected in border blunder"
393:, visited Miangas to praise the residents and
1569:
1195:"Patung Santiago Diresmikan di Pulau Miangas"
1067:
517:In 2005, the Indonesian government refused a
1471:Hong, Seoung-Yong; van Dyke, Jon M. (2009).
1470:
1349:National Geospatial-intelligence Agency 2004
1310:
949:
885:Raharjo, Sandy Nur Ikfal (17 January 2012).
1449:
1298:
1012:. The Hague: Permanent Court of Arbitration
719:
550:Starting from 12 March 2017, a flight from
1576:
1562:
1375:"President inaugurates airport in Miangas"
1221:
1170:"Mabes TNI Segera Bangun Monumen Santiago"
1111:. Public Trust Media Group. Archived from
960:
958:
669:, the older generation usually also speak
38:
1272:
1224:"Two ports to become world-class harbors"
945:
943:
906:
904:
503:, to clarify the first agreement, making
389:In 1895, E. J. Jellesma, Oud-resident of
375:The island was used as a defense site by
1247:
1039:Reports of International Arbitral Awards
787:. Australian Academy of the Humanities.
611:
408:
339:
1425:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1361:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1102:
1091:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
1056:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
989:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
977:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
955:
935:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
923:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
911:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
884:
880:
878:
876:
874:
782:
771:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
744:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
732:Ulaen, Wulandari & Tangkilisan 2012
715:
713:
401:flag. Jellesma gave them a medal and a
1743:
1498:(9th ed.). ProStar Publications.
1372:
1217:
1215:
940:
901:
842:
807:
530:Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1557:
1436:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.
1292:
1150:from the original on 22 February 2009
1134:
1132:
1130:
1080:from the original on 23 January 2018.
1000:
1591:
1326:. Pelni. 19 May 2011. Archived from
1103:Velasco, Djorina (28 January 2007).
871:
710:
578:and 198 km (123 mi) from
1212:
785:European Voyaging towards Australia
479:, that allowed border residents in
363:
158:3.15 km (1.22 sq mi)
13:
1450:Ganesan, N.; Amer, Ramses (2010).
1222:Harsaputra, Indra (28 June 2011).
1127:
379:people when under attack from the
14:
1772:
607:
1721:
1693:
1674:
1666:
1650:
1638:
1612:
1596:
1402:. netralnews.com. Archived from
1373:Susilo, Joko (19 October 2016).
1248:Esmaquel, Paterno (2014-05-23).
810:The Western Historical Quarterly
75:Location of Miangas in Indonesia
61:
54:
16:Northernmost Island in Indonesia
1538:. Jakarta: Gramata Publishing.
1456:. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
1430:
1418:
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1279:Antaranews.com (in Indonesian)
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446:Permanent Court of Arbitration
1:
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511:, and Balut the checkpoints.
288:outlying islands of Indonesia
1675:
1667:
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534:Philippine Tourism Authority
467:Post Indonesian independence
293:
174:1.2 km (0.75 mi)23
7:
1751:Landforms of North Sulawesi
1201:(in Indonesian). 2009-08-21
1176:(in Indonesian). 2009-05-29
461:Republic of the Philippines
10:
1777:
1584:Places adjacent to Miangas
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335:
1589:
845:Pacific Historical Review
254:
249:
241:
233:
228:
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199:
194:
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166:3 km (1.9 mi)23
162:
154:
144:
107:
88:
83:
49:
37:
24:
1311:Hong & van Dyke 2009
1045:: 829–871. 4 April 1928.
950:Hong & van Dyke 2009
679:
619:was opened by President
448:, under sole arbitrator
435:. When Wood returned to
182:111 m (364 ft)
1761:Former disputed islands
1299:Ganesan & Amer 2010
1032:"Island of Palmas Case"
720:Ganesan & Amer 2010
344:Tanjung Bora in Miangas
245:259/km (671/sq mi)
237:816 (mid 2022 estimate)
624:
594:Talaud Islands Regency
370:Garcia Jofre de Loaísa
345:
250:Additional information
179:Highest elevation
761:5, No. 2, pp. 377-407
637:President Joko Widodo
615:
415:Island of Palmas Case
409:Island of Palmas Case
343:
44:Wolo Beach on Miangas
1406:on 21 September 2017
1146:. 14 February 2009.
965:Rothwell et al. 2010
1756:Islands of Sulawesi
1115:on 20 February 2017
1109:News Break Archives
1074:The Philippine Star
1010:PCA Case Repository
635:was inaugurated by
473:Jose T. Fuentebella
129:5.5575°N 126.5833°E
125: /
21:
1427:, pp. 136–137
1363:, pp. 137–138
1330:on 15 October 2012
1093:, pp. 121–123
625:
397:for rejecting the
346:
323:Isla de las Palmas
187:Highest point
19:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1603:Governor Generoso
574:, the capital of
528:According to the
433:Dutch East Indies
419:According to the
368:In October 1526,
330:Ilha de Palmeiras
277:
276:
1768:
1726:
1725:
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1657:Jose Abad Santos
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1004:(4 April 1928).
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364:Early modern era
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562:every Sunday.
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413:Main article:
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242:Pop. density
229:Demographics
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1710:Celebes Sea
1661:Philippines
1623:Philippines
1607:Philippines
1379:Antara News
1351:, p. 3
1119:20 February
621:Joko Widodo
558:, lands at
507:, Miangas,
457:Harry Roque
190:Gunung Batu
145:Archipelago
132: /
120:126°35′00″E
108:Coordinates
98:Philippines
27:Native name
1745:Categories
1716:Karakelong
1384:2023-03-23
1259:2023-03-23
1205:2021-03-24
1199:KOMPAS.com
1180:2021-03-24
1002:Huber, Max
794:0909897190
700:References
663:Indonesian
657:Demography
580:Davao City
483:, Talaud,
327:Portuguese
234:Population
1728:Hatohobei
1619:Mati City
1016:8 October
629:New Order
566:Geography
556:Wings Air
493:Sarangani
450:Max Huber
441:The Hague
437:Zamboanga
325:, and in
311:Minahasan
294:Etymology
256:Time zone
202:Indonesia
117:5°33′27″N
84:Geography
1148:Archived
1078:Archived
653:leaves.
315:Poilaten
303:Mindanao
209:Province
94:Mindanao
89:Location
1672:Miangas
1410:18 July
1334:15 June
1284:24 June
1254:RAPPLER
1233:15 June
1154:15 June
893:16 June
865:3632888
671:Tagalog
643:Economy
587:⁄
485:Nunukan
481:Sangihe
399:Spanish
336:History
319:Spanish
307:Tinonda
299:Miangas
280:Miangas
219:Regency
69:Miangas
20:Miangas
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667:Talaud
650:pandan
572:Manado
552:Manado
532:, the
509:Mabila
505:Marore
491:, and
391:Manado
377:Talaud
358:Sitaro
354:Talaud
350:Sangir
284:Palmas
163:Length
1035:(PDF)
861:JSTOR
826:JSTOR
705:Notes
680:Notes
542:Pelni
523:Davao
489:Balut
403:Dutch
268:UTC+8
171:Width
92:near
1540:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1412:2017
1336:2012
1286:2018
1235:2012
1156:2012
1121:2017
1018:2016
895:2012
789:ISBN
665:and
356:and
264:ICST
155:Area
853:doi
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321:as
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