142:
203:
759:
34:
909:
795:, vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1886, p. 504. The Russian noble family Lazarevs shall not be confused with the Armenian family Lazariants who russified their surname from Lazariants into Lazarevs.
3466:
4120:
4100:
4115:
401:
and numerous islands. On 28 January 1820 the expedition discovered the
Antarctic mainland, approaching the Antarctic coast at the coordinates
4105:
2628:
951:
530:
Admiral
Lazarev exercised great influence both in technical matters and as a mentor to younger officers. He advocated the building of a
534:
fleet, but Russia's technical and economic backwardness hindered his plans. He tutored a number of
Russian fleet commanders, including
4075:
1589:
913:
4085:
4110:
4009:
1224:
1232:
494:. In 1830, Lazarev returned to Kronstadt and became a commander of naval units of the Baltic Fleet. Two years later, he was made
4095:
3584:
2590:
1003:
3181:
2779:
2367:
98:
4070:
3973:
678:
70:
1919:
459:
2784:
886:
3867:
3548:
3370:
3260:
3029:
1618:
1567:
3318:
2899:
2838:
404:
388:
384:
77:
514:. In 1833, Lazarev was appointed Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, the Black Sea ports, and also military governor of
3341:
839:
814:
739:
117:
507:
4090:
4080:
3419:
51:
3650:
3636:
3610:
3447:
1418:
944:
688:
612:
578:
84:
2341:
3473:
3443:
1786:
1776:
1360:
1062:
653:
55:
3084:
855:
3246:
2756:
1889:
734:
539:
285:
281:
66:
3155:
3041:
2884:
1930:
1391:
1159:
710:
641:
20:
3603:
3225:
3059:
3000:
2954:
1183:
1072:
3963:
2688:
2662:
2655:
2106:
2007:
1999:
1982:
1600:
1146:
998:
937:
598:
2395:
330:, where he would stay for a continuous five-year navigation. From 1808 to 1813, Lazarev served in the
3786:
3396:
3092:
2891:
2676:
2558:
2361:
2243:
2094:
1943:
1881:
1868:
1741:
1467:
1119:
695:
669:
495:
248:
3936:
3527:
3521:
3439:
3313:
3098:
2824:
2700:
2550:
2438:
2222:
1238:
4003:
3666:
2819:
2693:
2613:
2122:
1949:
1151:
44:
3941:
3507:
1439:
659:
469:
2774:
3946:
3915:
3720:
3673:
3572:
3376:
3295:
3238:
2987:
2981:
2831:
2789:
2751:
2731:
2326:
2101:
1937:
1847:
1829:
1746:
1717:
1707:
1595:
1532:
1306:
728:
637:
622:
392:
339:
241:
208:
91:
1987:
4065:
4060:
3800:
3792:
3735:
3323:
3187:
3113:
3105:
2905:
2845:
2804:
2417:
2408:
2279:
2274:
2178:
2042:
1799:
1761:
1368:
1138:
1106:
1050:
1030:
751:
378:
3168:
1573:
1556:
8:
3921:
3843:
3308:
3231:
3147:
2928:
2920:
2869:
2509:
2467:
1962:
1925:
1814:
1578:
1448:
1251:
1056:
722:
1561:
3642:
3534:
3515:
3079:
3054:
2596:
2490:
2454:
2430:
2321:
2168:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2035:
2013:
1992:
1873:
1863:
1610:
1498:
1426:
1099:
1090:
1082:
993:
973:
647:
473:
253:
920:
881:
4014:
3820:
3814:
3770:
3755:
3684:
3656:
3564:
3501:
3411:
3383:
3363:
3301:
3209:
3173:
3047:
3014:
3007:
2960:
2942:
2859:
2608:
2477:
2425:
2331:
2284:
2212:
2201:
1913:
1903:
1895:
1791:
1781:
1692:
1687:
1670:
1636:
1503:
1490:
1311:
1217:
1175:
1170:
960:
835:
810:
745:
618:
465:
312:
4031:
3763:
3455:
3335:
3161:
3134:
3074:
2949:
2879:
2864:
2603:
2532:
2527:
2501:
2496:
2378:
2301:
2254:
2021:
1841:
1806:
1702:
1697:
1631:
1545:
1327:
1319:
1205:
1125:
1077:
1067:
1040:
543:
351:
316:
308:
273:
164:
141:
4021:
3968:
3953:
3859:
3854:
3778:
3743:
3679:
3578:
3493:
3460:
3192:
2975:
2967:
2936:
2812:
2566:
2522:
2462:
2386:
2356:
2351:
2311:
2289:
2237:
2173:
2163:
2114:
1836:
1821:
1674:
1643:
1605:
1355:
1283:
1277:
1200:
1165:
1025:
924:
547:
499:
236:
188:
2544:
3995:
3978:
3931:
3890:
3880:
3849:
3708:
3698:
3590:
3540:
3405:
3355:
3328:
3273:
3069:
3064:
2913:
2766:
2620:
2582:
2539:
2472:
2446:
2400:
2373:
2346:
2316:
2259:
2217:
2207:
2087:
2080:
1977:
1957:
1769:
1729:
1660:
1456:
1431:
1386:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1296:
1291:
1265:
1245:
1013:
535:
511:
324:
320:
168:
4054:
3958:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3835:
3830:
3806:
3750:
3627:
3621:
3616:
3215:
3126:
3119:
2874:
2669:
2648:
2516:
2294:
2264:
2232:
2227:
2064:
1970:
1853:
1648:
1461:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1301:
1210:
1045:
675:
633:
566:
558:
477:
468:
as the flagship of the First
Mediterranean Squadron under command of Admiral
419:
406:
3989:
3983:
3595:
3559:
3425:
3252:
3202:
3141:
2995:
2683:
2634:
2484:
2306:
2269:
2249:
2190:
1724:
1712:
1655:
1583:
1484:
1381:
1375:
1272:
1260:
1133:
1111:
1035:
988:
706:
702:
699:
694:
Lazarev is buried with his disciples
Nakhimov, Kornilov and Istomin in the
582:
531:
481:
331:
218:
435:
In 1822–1825, Lazarev circumnavigated the globe for the third time on his
4026:
3926:
3874:
3692:
3479:
3267:
2642:
2574:
2336:
2195:
2158:
2058:
2050:
1858:
1194:
594:
590:
586:
488:
447:
443:
335:
289:
231:
3825:
3728:
3712:
3554:
3487:
3388:
2797:
2746:
2706:
2028:
1754:
1682:
1624:
1017:
985:
758:
562:
515:
398:
327:
3347:
2184:
1736:
1519:
626:
519:
363:
292:
929:
33:
3279:
570:
503:
491:
371:
296:
3906:
3286:
1551:
1527:
1515:
436:
266:
2073:
2152:
1477:
908:
502:. In February–June 1833, Lazarev led a Russian squadron to the
367:
184:
284:
3 November] 1788 – 23 April [
1538:
608:
Russian and Soviet navies had ships named after the admiral:
602:
554:
355:
574:
834:(5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 308.
2743:
323:'s Naval College. Three years later he was sent to the
773:
319:
from the
Vladimir province. In 1800, he enrolled in
4121:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4101:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
793:Rodoslovnyi sbornik russkikh dvorianskikh familii
19:"Admiral Lazarev" redirects here. For ships, see
16:19th-century Russian fleet commander and explorer
4052:
807:Sevastopol's Wars: Crimea from Potemkin to Putin
921:A map of his Antarctic expedition (in Russian)
887:Great Russian Encyclopedia. Electronic version
458:In 1826, Lazarev became commander of the ship
945:
442:, conducting broad research in the fields of
370:. During this voyage, Lazarev discovered the
302:
952:
938:
879:
779:
4116:War Governors of Nikolayev and Sevastopol
605:and other locations bear Lazarev's name.
397:), Lazarev took part in the discovery of
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
4010:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
829:
757:
345:
3585:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
856:"The Most Honourable Order of the Bath"
766:
525:
288:11 April] 1851) was a Russian
4053:
809:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 117.
804:
487:In 1828–1829, he was in charge of the
484:for his excellence during the battle.
2729:
971:
959:
933:
716:
56:adding citations to reliable sources
27:
4106:Companions of the Order of the Bath
3371:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1568:Norse colonization of North America
453:
13:
2900:United States Exploring Expedition
923:, attention – all dates there are
385:Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
14:
4132:
4076:Explorers from the Russian Empire
3974:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3342:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
902:
146:1840s painting of Mikhail Lazarev
4086:Nobility from the Russian Empire
3868:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3261:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
907:
832:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
358:in 1813–1816, aboard the vessel
201:
140:
32:
4111:Order of Saint Louis recipients
689:dissolution of the Soviet Union
640:in 1914, completed and renamed
43:needs additional citations for
4096:Imperial Russian Navy admirals
848:
823:
798:
785:
476:in 1827. Lazarev received the
336:Russo-Swedish War of 1808–1809
1:
3247:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3182:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2730:
791:V.V. Rummel, V.V. Golubtsov,
762:Lazarev by Georg von Bothmann
735:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
713:in 1978, is named after him.
540:Vladimir Alexeyevich Kornilov
432:and seeing ice-fields there.
232:Russo-Swedish War (1808–1809)
4071:People from Vladimir, Russia
3604:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3420:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3226:French Antarctic Expeditions
3156:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3042:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1160:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
711:Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh
21:Russian ship Admiral Lazarev
7:
2689:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2368:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1233:Andrée's balloon expedition
752:Military Order of St. Louis
377:As a commander of the ship
10:
4137:
1890:Franklin's lost expedition
1590:Christian IV's expeditions
972:
880:Yastremsky, A. M. (2023).
830:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003).
464:, which would sail to the
391:(Bellingshausen commanded
362:; the expedition began at
303:Education and early career
18:
3707:
3438:
3025:
2765:
2742:
2738:
2725:
2244:Great Northern Expedition
2138:
1920:Rae–Richardson expedition
1669:
1514:
1120:British Arctic Expedition
1012:
984:
980:
967:
914:Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev
882:"ЛАЗАРЕВ МИХАИЛ ПЕТРОВИЧ"
569:, a former island in the
508:Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi
389:world cruise in 1819–1821
277:
270:Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev
249:Greek War of Independence
224:
214:
194:
174:
151:
139:
132:
3528:British Antarctic Survey
3522:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2767:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
665:built in the early 1950s
472:and participated in the
280:; 14 November [
4091:Russian polar explorers
4081:Explorers of Antarctica
4004:Pole of inaccessibility
3667:Antarctic Treaty System
2008:2nd Grinnell expedition
278:Михаил Петрович Лазарев
805:Melvin, Mungo (2017).
763:
696:Admirals' Burial Vault
470:Login Petrovich Geiden
334:. He took part in the
3674:Transglobe Expedition
3573:Operation Deep Freeze
2982:Challenger expedition
1848:Coppermine expedition
1369:Drifting ice stations
916:at Wikimedia Commons
761:
729:Order of St. Vladimir
638:Imperial Russian Navy
623:Imperial Russian Navy
346:Career as an explorer
340:Patriotic War of 1812
242:Patriotic War of 1812
209:Imperial Russian Navy
767:References and notes
740:Order of White Eagle
526:Influence and legacy
420:69.35778°S 2.24722°W
307:Lazarev was born in
52:improve this article
3844:South magnetic pole
2510:Brusilov expedition
1619:Danish colonization
1057:North magnetic pole
723:Order of St. George
425:-69.35778; -2.24722
416: /
3535:Operation Windmill
3516:Operation Highjump
2491:Rusanov expedition
2396:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2140:North East Passage
1944:McClure expedition
764:
717:Honours and awards
648:Russian Revolution
625:built in 1867 and
474:Battle of Navarino
254:Battle of Navarino
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
3502:Operation Tabarin
3364:Far Eastern Party
3210:Nimrod Expedition
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2280:M. Pronchishcheva
2202:Siberian Cossacks
1671:Northwest Passage
1004:Research stations
961:Polar exploration
912:Media related to
746:Order of the Bath
744:Companion of the
698:in Sevastopol. A
546:(1810-1855), and
466:Mediterranean Sea
387:'s deputy on his
264:
263:
128:
127:
120:
102:
67:"Mikhail Lazarev"
4128:
3549:Ronne Expedition
3034:
3028:
2892:Dumont d'Urville
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2275:V. Pronchishchev
982:
981:
969:
968:
954:
947:
940:
931:
930:
911:
898:
896:
894:
872:
871:
869:
867:
852:
846:
845:
827:
821:
820:
802:
796:
789:
783:
777:
748:(United Kingdom)
705:, discovered by
636:ordered for the
561:, capes in the
544:Vladimir Istomin
454:Wartime commands
431:
430:
428:
427:
426:
421:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
317:Russian nobility
279:
207:
205:
204:
196:
181:
162:14 November 1788
161:
159:
144:
130:
129:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4036:
3711:
3703:
3579:McMurdo Station
3448:Modern research
3446:
3434:
3169:O. Nordenskjöld
3032:
3026:
3021:
2937:Ross expedition
2761:
2734:
2713:
2142:
2134:
1675:Northern Canada
1673:
1665:
1518:
1510:
1016:
1008:
976:
963:
958:
905:
892:
890:
876:
875:
865:
863:
854:
853:
849:
842:
828:
824:
817:
803:
799:
790:
786:
780:Yastremsky 2023
778:
774:
769:
719:
687:after the 1991
685:Admiral Lazarev
655:Admiral Lazarev
614:Admiral Lazarev
548:Grigory Butakov
528:
506:and signed the
500:Black Sea Fleet
456:
424:
422:
418:
415:
410:
407:
405:
403:
402:
352:circumnavigated
348:
305:
260:
237:Napoleonic Wars
202:
200:
189:Austrian Empire
183:
179:
163:
157:
155:
147:
135:
134:Mikhail Lazarev
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3996:Vostok Station
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3947:Cherry-Garrard
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3787:Southern Cross
3783:
3782:
3781:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3753:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3717:
3715:
3709:Farthest South
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3406:Ross Sea party
3402:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3100:Southern Cross
3093:Southern Cross
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3037:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2958:
2952:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2839:Bellingshausen
2829:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2698:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2144:Russian Arctic
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1586:
1581:
1579:Snæbjörn galti
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1481:
1474:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1372:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1014:Farthest North
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
978:
977:
965:
964:
957:
956:
949:
942:
934:
928:
927:
904:
903:External links
901:
900:
899:
874:
873:
862:. 4 April 2020
860:Tallinn Museum
847:
840:
822:
815:
797:
784:
771:
770:
768:
765:
756:
755:
749:
742:
737:
732:
726:
718:
715:
692:
691:
666:
663:-class cruiser
651:
643:Krasnyi Kavkaz
630:
536:Pavel Nakhimov
527:
524:
512:Ottoman Empire
496:Chief of Staff
455:
452:
350:Lazarev first
347:
344:
304:
301:
262:
261:
259:
258:
257:
256:
246:
245:
244:
234:
228:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
198:
192:
191:
182:(aged 62)
176:
172:
171:
169:Russian Empire
153:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
133:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4133:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3127:Discovery Hut
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:A. Sibiryakov
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:Glavsevmorput
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:J. Richardson
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:M. Corte-Real
1691:
1689:
1688:G. Corte-Real
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:C. Richardson
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:Georgiy Sedov
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:Riiser-Larsen
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
979:
975:
970:
966:
962:
955:
950:
948:
943:
941:
936:
935:
932:
926:
922:
919:
918:
917:
915:
910:
889:
888:
883:
878:
877:
861:
857:
851:
843:
841:3-540-00238-3
837:
833:
826:
818:
816:9781472822277
812:
808:
801:
794:
788:
781:
776:
772:
760:
753:
750:
747:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
690:
686:
682:
681:
677:
676:battlecruiser
674:
672:
667:
664:
662:
657:
656:
652:
649:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:light cruiser
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:
611:
610:
609:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:Unimak Island
564:
560:
559:Pacific Ocean
556:
551:
550:(1820-1882).
549:
545:
542:(1806-1854),
541:
538:(1802-1855),
537:
533:
532:steam-powered
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
451:
449:
445:
441:
438:
433:
429:
400:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
381:
375:
373:
372:Suvorov Atoll
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
300:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
275:
271:
268:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
210:
199:
193:
190:
186:
178:23 April 1851
177:
173:
170:
166:
154:
150:
143:
138:
131:
122:
119:
111:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4002:
3990:Pole of Cold
3988:
3914:
3905:
3873:
3866:
3842:
3813:
3799:
3793:Borchgrevink
3785:
3772:
3757:
3737:
3722:
3691:
3672:
3665:
3649:
3635:
3626:
3609:
3602:
3583:
3571:
3547:
3533:
3526:
3514:
3500:
3486:
3472:
3465:
3426:
3418:
3404:
3397:
3395:
3377:
3369:
3362:
3349:
3340:
3302:
3294:
3285:
3278:
3266:
3259:
3245:
3233:Pourquoi-Pas
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3203:Orcadas Base
3201:
3193:
3180:
3174:C. A. Larsen
3162:
3154:
3140:
3133:
3120:
3112:
3106:Borchgrevink
3099:
3091:
3048:
3040:
3015:C. A. Larsen
3008:
2989:
2980:
2962:
2944:
2935:
2922:
2907:
2898:
2885:
2852:
2846:
2832:
2825:
2806:
2791:
2701:
2694:
2677:
2670:
2656:
2641:
2627:
2614:
2589:
2575:
2573:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2515:
2508:
2489:
2455:
2453:
2439:
2437:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2387:
2385:
2366:
2242:
2200:
2183:
2151:
2115:
2113:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2071:
2057:
2044:
2029:
2015:
2006:
1993:
1964:
1952:Investigator
1951:
1942:
1918:
1905:
1897:
1888:
1875:
1846:
1823:
1808:
1793:
1763:
1748:
1718:
1637:
1617:
1588:
1584:Erik the Red
1566:
1544:
1537:
1494:submersibles
1491:
1485:Arktika 2007
1483:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1419:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1374:
1367:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1284:
1282:
1253:
1250:
1239:S. A. Andrée
1231:
1218:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1158:
1140:
1127:
1118:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1055:
906:
891:. Retrieved
885:
864:. Retrieved
859:
850:
831:
825:
806:
800:
792:
787:
775:
703:3660 Lazarev
700:minor planet
693:
684:
679:
670:
660:
654:
642:
629:of her class
613:
607:
583:Sea of Japan
552:
529:
486:
482:rear admiral
460:
457:
439:
434:
393:
379:
376:
366:and reached
359:
349:
332:Baltic Fleet
306:
269:
265:
225:Battles/wars
219:Rear admiral
180:(1851-04-23)
114:
108:January 2019
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
4066:1851 deaths
4061:1788 births
3693:Lake Vostok
3643:Tryoshnikov
3565:Schlossbach
3456:Christensen
3398:James Caird
3319:E. R. Evans
3085:Dobrowolski
3055:de Gerlache
2757:Expeditions
2643:Aviaarktika
2597:Samoylovich
2468:Kolomeitsev
2362:Middendorff
2322:Gedenshtrom
1742:I. Fyodorov
1504:Chilingarov
1392:E. Fyodorov
999:Expeditions
731:, 1st class
709:astronomer
595:South Ocean
565:and on the
489:Dardanelles
448:ethnography
444:meteorology
423: /
315:of the old
4055:Categories
3916:Terra Nova
3821:Shackleton
3764:J. C. Ross
3723:Resolution
3713:South Pole
3488:New Swabia
3412:Mackintosh
3384:Shackleton
3303:Terra Nova
3296:Terra Nova
3030:Heroic Age
2990:Challenger
2950:J. C. Ross
2860:Bransfield
2792:Resolution
2707:icebreaker
2671:Chelyuskin
2412:expedition
2390:Expedition
2332:Matyushkin
2290:Kh. Laptev
2285:Chelyuskin
2179:Heemskerck
2169:Chancellor
2164:Willoughby
2159:Koch boats
2102:Stefansson
2036:McClintock
2000:Inglefield
1842:J. C. Ross
1749:Resolution
1601:Cunningham
1499:Sagalevich
1188:expedition
1147:Stephenson
1107:C. F. Hall
1094:expedition
1068:J. C. Ross
1031:Heemskerck
1018:North Pole
893:7 February
725:, IV class
683:, renamed
646:after the
599:settlement
563:Amur Liman
516:Sevastopol
408:69°21′28″S
399:Antarctica
328:Royal Navy
158:1788-11-14
78:newspapers
4015:Tolstikov
3801:Discovery
3771:HMS
3756:HMS
3738:Adventure
3736:HMS
3721:HMS
3657:Tolstikov
3378:Endurance
3163:Antarctic
3148:Drygalski
3121:Discovery
3114:Discovery
3075:Arctowski
2988:HMS
2961:HMS
2955:Abernethy
2943:HMS
2921:USS
2908:Vincennes
2906:USS
2886:Astrolabe
2826:San Telmo
2807:Adventure
2805:HMS
2790:HMS
2785:Kerguelen
2747:Continent
2732:Antarctic
2609:Urvantsev
2567:Vilkitsky
2420:Jeannette
2418:USS
2410:Jeannette
2374:Weyprecht
2352:Pakhtusov
2302:Chichagov
2295:D. Laptev
2238:Permyakov
2213:Stadukhin
2208:Perfilyev
2185:Mangazeya
2123:H. Larsen
2088:Rasmussen
2043:HMS
2014:USS
1963:HMS
1950:HMS
1914:Collinson
1904:HMS
1896:HMS
1874:HMS
1822:HMS
1807:HMS
1792:HMS
1777:Mackenzie
1764:Discovery
1762:HMS
1747:HMS
1719:Discovery
1698:Frobisher
1661:Rasmussen
1574:Gunnbjörn
1520:Greenland
1449:USS
1440:USS
1312:Ellsworth
1254:Roosevelt
1184:Nansen's
1141:Discovery
1139:HMS
1126:HMS
1073:Abernethy
1041:Marmaduke
627:lead ship
520:Nikolayev
510:with the
411:2°14′50″W
364:Kronstadt
293:commander
4027:A. Fuchs
3984:V. Fuchs
3964:McKinley
3927:E. Evans
3886:Bjaaland
3881:Amundsen
3831:Marshall
3744:Furneaux
3596:V. Fuchs
3560:E. Ronne
3555:F. Ronne
3494:Ritscher
3348:SY
3336:Filchner
3280:Framheim
3274:Amundsen
3080:Racoviță
3065:Amundsen
3060:Lecointe
2929:Ringgold
2923:Porpoise
2813:Furneaux
2649:Shevelev
2604:Begichev
2583:Amundsen
2545:Nagórski
2523:Brusilov
2517:Sv. Anna
2431:Melville
2401:Palander
2357:Tsivolko
2317:Sannikov
2312:Billings
2255:Chirikov
2174:Barentsz
2116:St. Roch
2107:Bartlett
2081:Amundsen
2065:Sverdrup
1965:Resolute
1854:Franklin
1782:Kotzebue
1649:Sverdrup
1632:Scoresby
1606:Lindenov
1457:Plaisted
1442:Nautilus
1387:Shirshov
1361:Belyakov
1356:Baydukov
1330:Nautilus
1292:Amundsen
1252:SS
1211:Sverdrup
1206:Johansen
1176:Brainard
1171:Lockwood
1026:Barentsz
754:(France)
661:Sverdlov
571:Aral Sea
504:Bosporus
492:blockade
311:city, a
309:Vladimir
297:explorer
195:Service/
165:Vladimir
4032:Messner
3979:Hillary
3959:Balchen
3907:Polheim
3901:Wisting
3779:Crozier
3751:Weddell
3729:J. Cook
3699:Kapitsa
3680:Fiennes
3622:Klenova
3591:Hillary
3541:Ketchum
3467:BANZARE
3442:·
3287:Polheim
3253:Shirase
3239:Charcot
3049:Belgica
2968:Crozier
2880:Morrell
2875:Weddell
2853:Lazarev
2798:J. Cook
2752:History
2702:Arktika
2678:Krassin
2663:Voronin
2635:Schmidt
2621:Ushakov
2560:Vaygach
2528:Albanov
2497:Rusanov
2478:Kolchak
2473:Matisen
2447:Makarov
2426:De Long
2327:Wrangel
2307:Lyakhov
2260:Malygin
2218:Dezhnev
2045:Pandora
2016:Advance
1983:Kennedy
1978:Belcher
1971:Kellett
1958:McClure
1882:Beechey
1876:Blossom
1869:Simpson
1837:Crozier
1830:Hoppner
1787:J. Ross
1755:J. Cook
1703:Gilbert
1596:J. Hall
1562:Ingólfr
1552:Naddodd
1546:Vikings
1533:Brendan
1528:Pytheas
1516:Iceland
1470:Arktika
1462:Herbert
1427:Badygin
1397:Krenkel
1382:Papanin
1351:Chkalov
1337:Wilkins
1302:Wisting
1246:F. Cook
1152:Markham
1112:Bessels
1101:Polaris
1092:Polaris
1063:J. Ross
1046:Carolus
994:History
866:31 July
650:of 1917
621:of the
619:monitor
593:in the
581:in the
557:in the
498:of the
440:Kreyser
437:frigate
360:Suvorov
325:British
295:and an
274:Russian
267:Admiral
92:scholar
3942:Bowers
3937:Wilson
3896:Hassel
3891:Helmer
3860:Mackay
3850:Mawson
3815:Nimrod
3773:Terror
3758:Erebus
3685:Burton
3480:Rymill
3356:Mawson
3350:Aurora
3329:Lashly
3314:Wilson
3217:Nimrod
3194:Scotia
3001:Murray
2976:Cooper
2963:Terror
2945:Erebus
2914:Wilkes
2865:Palmer
2833:Vostok
2780:Bouvet
2704:-class
2684:Gakkel
2552:Taymyr
2533:Konrad
2502:Kuchin
2440:Yermak
2347:Lavrov
2265:Ovtsyn
2250:Bering
2228:Ivanov
2191:Hudson
2153:Pomors
2130:Cowper
2095:Karluk
1994:Isabel
1988:Bellot
1938:Austin
1906:Terror
1898:Erebus
1794:Griper
1770:Clerke
1730:Baffin
1713:Hudson
1644:Nansen
1557:Garðar
1478:Barneo
1345:ANT-25
1321:Italia
1297:Nobile
1266:Henson
1225:Amedeo
1201:Nansen
1166:Greely
1036:Hudson
974:Arctic
925:Julian
838:
813:
707:Soviet
680:Frunze
673:-class
577:and a
394:Vostok
368:Alaska
321:Russia
206:
197:branch
185:Vienna
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
4022:Crary
3969:Dufek
3932:Oates
3922:Scott
3855:David
3836:Adams
3807:Barne
3628:Mirny
3617:Somov
3427:Quest
3324:Crean
3309:Scott
3188:Bruce
3142:Gauss
3135:Gauss
3009:Jason
2996:Nares
2870:Davis
2847:Mirny
2820:Smith
2775:Roché
2695:Lenin
2615:Sadko
2540:Wiese
2485:Sedov
2456:Zarya
2379:Payer
2342:Litke
2337:Anjou
2270:Minin
2233:Vagin
2223:Popov
2196:Poole
2051:Young
1864:Dease
1809:Hecla
1800:Parry
1725:Bylot
1708:Davis
1683:Cabot
1656:Peary
1638:Jason
1625:Egede
1539:Papar
1451:Skate
1432:Wiese
1412:NP-37
1405:NP-36
1285:Norge
1273:Sedov
1261:Peary
1219:Jason
1134:Nares
1128:Alert
1083:Hayes
1051:Parry
989:Ocean
671:Kirov
603:Sochi
601:near
555:atoll
380:Mirny
356:globe
313:scion
290:fleet
99:JSTOR
85:books
3954:Byrd
3875:Fram
3826:Wild
3508:Marr
3474:BGLE
3461:Byrd
3389:Wild
3268:Fram
3070:Cook
2591:AARI
2576:Maud
2463:Toll
2388:Vega
2074:Gjøa
2059:Fram
2022:Kane
1859:Back
1824:Fury
1815:Lyon
1737:Munk
1376:NP-1
1278:Byrd
1195:Fram
1186:Fram
1078:Kane
895:2023
868:2020
836:ISBN
811:ISBN
668:The
658:, a
617:, a
597:, a
589:and
579:port
573:, a
518:and
478:rank
461:Azov
446:and
383:and
354:the
338:and
286:O.S.
282:O.S.
215:Rank
175:Died
152:Born
71:news
3651:3rd
3637:2nd
3611:1st
3444:IGY
3440:IPY
2030:Fox
1926:Rae
1492:Mir
1468:NS
591:sea
587:bay
575:bay
553:An
480:of
54:by
4057::
2556:/
884:.
858:.
632:A
585:,
522:.
450:.
374:.
342:.
299:.
276::
187:,
167:,
3033:"
3027:"
2970:)
2966:(
2957:)
2948:(
953:e
946:t
939:v
897:.
870:.
844:.
819:.
782:.
272:(
160:)
156:(
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
