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vaccines and create industries to produce milk and baby formulas. For this purpose, the
Biological Control Laboratory and a vaccination station were established at Refik Saydam Public Hygiene Center in 1947. The production of intradermal BCG started in the same year. The production of pertussis vaccines started in 1948. The Workers' Insurance Administration (Social Insurance Institution) was created in 1946. Health facilities and hospitals for insured workers were opened after 1952. In this period, legislation was developed for civil society organizations and various medical professions such as:
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National Health
Congress held in 1992 and 1993. This introduced the green card for poor citizens without social security. This allowed low-income people to be covered by health insurance although the care package was limited. In 1993, the Ministry of Health developed the "National Health Policy" which consisted of five main components including support, environmental health, healthcare delivery and goals for healthy Turkey.
376:
the policy of the country from a pro-natalist to an anti-natalist policy. The
Ministry of Health was authorized to establish a dedicated organization, obtain or manufacture or outsource provision of contraceptive drugs, provide citizens in need with such drugs for free or on a rate cheaper than the production cost or take measures to that effect.
475:
The
Program was developed and launched in early 2003 based on the earlier experiences including socialization and subsequent health reform efforts. Complaints about long waiting lists decreased. Patients stranded in hospitals for failing to pay the bills became a thing of the past as the main concern
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held the ministerial office until 1937. Saydam contributed to the design and development of healthcare services in Turkey. In 1923, healthcare services were delivered at governmental and municipal facilities. The country had 86 hospitals and 6.437 patient beds back then. During this period the Law on
286:
and at four different
Parliamentary committees. However, the bill was not enacted because of the change of government. Although the National Health Plan and the National Health Program were not entirely implemented in the form of a law, the two documents deeply influenced the healthcare organization
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Both the
National Health Plan and the National Health Program were aimed to provide health insurance to citizens for a fee, cover the treatment costs of the uninsured poor from a special administration budget, set up a health bank to finance healthcare costs, control production of drugs, serums and
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prepared the "Healthcare Sector Master
Planning Study" together with the Ministry of Health. This basic plan on the healthcare sector marked the beginning of a process of addressing health reforms. The preparatory theoretical efforts for the health reforms gained momentum with the First and Second
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Socialization in health was launched in 1963 and expanded to the whole country in 1983. Health posts, health centers and district and provincial hospitals were opened countrywide to provide extensive, continuous, integrated and staged healthcare. The
Population Planning Law adopted in 1965 shifted
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The basic approach was to centralize inpatient facilities that had been controlled by local administrations. The Plan aimed to expand healthcare to rural areas by establishing a 10-bed health center for every 40 villages. The care design of these facilities consisted of delivering preventive and
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Under these pillars, healthcare services were based on the "single-purpose care in broad geography - vertical organization" model. Legislation was developed to promote preventive care and local administrations were encouraged to open hospitals. The objective was to have a government physician in
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In 1954, the
Minister of Health announced the "National Health Program and Health Bank Studies". Following on the First 10-Year National Health Plan, the Program provided the building blocks of healthcare planning and organization in Turkey. The National Health Plan split the country into seven
302:. In this period, pro-natalist policies were adopted due to high rate of child and infection related mortalities. Therefore, Turkey continued to increase the number of health centers, maternity facilities and infection prevention centers and strengthened its corps of health professionals.
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every district. Starting from densely populated settlements, diagnostic and treatment offices were opened in 150 district centers in 1924 and 20 more in 1936. The salaries of physicians providing preventive care were raised and they were forbidden to engage in private practice.
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curative services together. By design, each facility included two physicians, one health officer, one midwife, one visiting nurse and a village midwife and a health officer for every 10 villages. The number of the health centers was 8 in 1945, 181 in 1955 and 283 in 1960.
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has supported Turkey's Health
Transformation Program since 2003 with two Adaptable Program Loans (APLs). The Bank also provided technical guidance, and shared the experiences of other countries. The Plan included the following targets under the title "Health for All":
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In 2003, only 39.5% of the population was satisfied with health services, whereas by 2011 this proportion had increased to 75.9%. In the same period, the overall health workforce increased by 36 percent, growing from 295,000 to 460,000.
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Practice of Medicine and Medical Sciences (1928) and the Law on Public Hygiene (1930) were adopted. These two and similar other laws are still in effect. The health policies during this era had four main pillars:
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224:, the Ministry of Health was established on 3 May 1920. The main goal of this initial period was to heal the wounds of the war and to build the legislation rather than developing a regular registration system.
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The Maternal and Child Health Section was established at the Ministry of Health in 1952. A Maternal and Child Health Development Center was established in Ankara in 1953 with assistance from
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started admitting students in 1955 in order to strengthen the health workforce. The number of physicians, nurses and midwives increased more than 100% in 10 years.
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Raise the appeal of medical faculties to citizens to increase the number of health workers and enforce mandatory service for medical faculty graduates,
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Reorganize the Ministry of Health to become a planning and coordinating body with a special focus on preventive healthcare.
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in 1946. It took nearly one and a half year for the National Health Plan to become a draft bill. It was approved by the
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of Turkey, was adopted at the Supreme Health Council in 1946. The plan was announced by the Minister of Health Dr.
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started the Health Transformation Program (HTP) in 2003. To address the challenges, the
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Organize preventive care at central level and curative care at local administrations,
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The Ministry of Health is headed by the Minister of Health, who is appointed by the
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Create General Health Insurance by merging all social security institutions,
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The main components of the Health Reform efforts in 1990s were as follows:
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Address shortage of health professionals in priority development regions
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Reorganize the administration and functions of the Ministry of Health,
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https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/41611/0/haber-bulteni-2020pdf.pdf
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Continuity and organization of healthcare were a key focus in the
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responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on
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Bener, A; Alayoglu, N; Çatan, F; Torun, P; Yilmaz, ES (2019).
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The "First 10-Year National Health Plan", the first written
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Launch programs to fight against communicable diseases like
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1283:"Health Services Management in Turkey: Failure or Success?"
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General Directorate of Borders And Coastal Health of Turkey
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Delegate powers to lower levels in all public institutions,
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The following units are linked to the Ministry of Health:
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added three more points to HTP which are the promotion of
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Grant administrative and financial autonomy to hospitals,
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1228:"Project in Support of Restructuring of Health Sector"
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1256:"Turkish Health Transformation Program and Beyond"
448:Attach special focus on maternal and child health,
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540:General Directorate of Health Information System
528:General Directorate of Emergency Health Services
458:Promote private sector investment in healthcare,
439:Merge all health facilities under a single body,
236:Plan, design and implement healthcare centrally,
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1162:Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
534:General Directorate of Administrative Services
366:Law on the Union of Turkish Pharmacists (1956)
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571:The first Turkish Minister of Health was Dr.
543:General Directorate of EU and Foreign Affairs
16:Government ministry of the Republic of Turkey
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270:National Health Plan and Program (1946–1960)
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360:Law on Pharmacists and Pharmacies (1953)
531:General Directorate of Health Promotion
371:Health Policies in the 1960–2002 Period
227:After the Republic was proclaimed, Dr.
180:. The Ministry is headquartered in the
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567:List of Ministers of Health of Turkey
525:General Directorate of Legal Services
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555:General Directorate of Public Health
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1203:"History of the Ministry of Health"
1152:National Medical Rescue Team (UMKE)
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514:Department of Strategy Development
220:. Following the foundation of the
212:Foundation of Ministry (1920–1946)
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222:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
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1157:White Helmets (Syrian Civil War)
218:Seljuk-Ottoman medical tradition
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1646:EU Affairs and Chief Negotiator
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2516:Ministries established in 1920
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575:. The current minister is Dr.
394:Introduce family practice for
203:, serving since 10 July 2018.
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694:Prof. Dr. Nihat Reşat Belger
1594:Transport and Infrastructure
1450:Energy and Natural Resources
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401:Grant autonomy to hospitals,
51:; 104 years ago
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2526:Ministry of Health (Turkey)
1782:Health ministries in Europe
1686:Construction and Settlement
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931:Prof. Dr. Kaya Kılıçturgay
864:Dr. Selahattin Cizrelioğlu
756:Prof. Dr. Salih Ragıp Üner
381:State Planning Organization
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1570:Labour and Social Security
1474:Family and Social Services
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199:. The current minister is
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485:60th government of Turkey
432:Cover all citizens under
345:, the medical faculty of
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156:, planning and providing
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740:Prof. Dr. Nusret Karasu
659:Dr. Ahmet Hulusi Alataş
1674:Deputy Prime Ministries
1510:Industry and Technology
1167:Air pollution in Turkey
1830:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1696:Customs and Monopolies
891:Prof. Dr. Celal Ertuğ
469:digital transformation
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1207:T.C. Saglik Bakanligi
1069:Mustafa Güven Karahan
782:Fahrettin Kerim Gökay
565:Further information:
478:universal health care
453:preventive healthcare
434:universal health care
306:health regions (i.e.
2511:Ministries of health
2404:United Arab Emirates
1606:Treasury and Finance
1048:Dr. İsmail Karakuyu
915:Dr. Münif İslamoğlu
818:Dr. Vedat Ali Özkan
418:Government of Turkey
287:around the country.
284:Council of Ministers
150:Government of Turkey
105:, Minister of Health
96:Minister responsible
68:Government of Turkey
2431:limited recognition
2046:States with limited
1438:Culture and Tourism
1058:Halil İbrahim Özsoy
994:Dr. Yaşar Eryılmaz
810:Dr. Edip Somunoğlu
772:Dr. Yusuf Azizoğlu
686:Dr. Kemali Bayazıt
508:Internal Audit Unit
343:Ankara universities
193:President of Turkey
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1359:Ministry of Health
1350:Ministry of Health
1341:Ministry of Health
1102:Mehmet Müezzinoğlu
588:Period of Service
363:Nursing Law (1954)
197:Turkish Parliament
195:at request of the
134:Ministry of Health
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1262:. 2 April 2018
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907:Dr. Mete Tan
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48:
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39:
35:
30:
27:
23:
2469:Dependencies
2399:Turkmenistan
2393:
2364:Saudi Arabia
2075:Transnistria
1691:Coordination
1677:
1665:
1621:
1609:
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1501:
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1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1259:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1222:
1210:. Retrieved
1206:
1181:
1128:2017 - 2018
1117:2016 - 2017
1106:2013 - 2016
1095:2002 - 2013
1084:1999 - 2002
1080:Osman Durmuş
1073:1999 - 1999
1062:1997 - 1999
1051:1997 - 1997
1043:1996 - 1997
1032:1994 - 1996
1024:1993 - 1994
1016:1993 - 1993
1008:1991 - 1993
997:1991 - 1991
989:1989 - 1991
981:1988 - 1989
973:1988 - 1988
963:1987 - 1988
955:1986 - 1987
944:1983 - 1986
940:Mehmet Aydın
934:1981 - 1983
926:1980 - 1981
918:1979 - 1980
910:1978 - 1979
902:1977 - 1978
894:1977 - 1977
886:1977 - 1977
875:1974 - 1977
867:1974 - 1974
859:1973 - 1974
848:1972 - 1973
840:1971 - 1972
832:1971 - 1971
828:Türkan Akyol
821:1967 - 1971
813:1965 - 1967
805:1965 - 1965
794:1963 - 1965
786:1963 - 1963
775:1962 - 1963
767:1961 - 1962
759:1960 - 1961
751:1960 - 1960
743:1960 - 1960
735:1957 - 1960
731:Lütfi Kırdar
724:1955 - 1957
721:Nafiz Körez
716:1954 - 1955
705:1950 - 1954
697:1950 - 1950
689:1948 - 1950
681:1946 - 1948
670:1945 - 1946
662:1937 - 1945
654:1925 - 1937
650:Refik Saydam
643:1924 - 1925
632:1923 - 1924
628:Refik Saydam
621:1921 - 1923
610:1921 - 1921
606:Refik Saydam
599:1920 - 1921
595:Adnan Adıvar
573:Adnan Adıvar
570:
502:
499:Organization
493:
482:
474:
415:
407:
396:primary care
386:
378:
374:
351:
336:
304:
293:
289:
273:
264:
229:Refik Saydam
226:
215:
190:
133:
131:
74:Headquarters
64:Jurisdiction
25:
2429:States with
2349:Philippines
2289:South Korea
2284:North Korea
2179:Afghanistan
2113:Isle of Man
2048:recognition
2022:Switzerland
1957:Netherlands
1711:Enterprises
1701:Development
1113:Recep Akdağ
1091:Recep Akdağ
1021:Kazım Dinç
969:Cemil Çiçek
801:Faruk Sükan
276:health plan
182:Bakanlıklar
2500:Categories
2409:Uzbekistan
2384:Tajikistan
2299:Kyrgyzstan
2279:Kazakhstan
2199:Bangladesh
2189:Azerbaijan
1992:San Marino
1952:Montenegro
1932:Luxembourg
1912:Kazakhstan
1815:Azerbaijan
1418:Ministries
1406:Ministries
1260:World Bank
1232:World Bank
1173:References
1111:Prof. Dr.
1089:Prof. Dr.
882:Vefa Tanır
855:Vefa Tanır
826:Prof. Dr.
780:Prof. Dr.
471:in health.
422:World Bank
320:Diyarbakır
158:healthcare
2480:Hong Kong
2454:Palestine
2374:Sri Lanka
2369:Singapore
2249:Indonesia
2103:Gibraltar
1927:Lithuania
1363:Instagram
712:Behçet Uz
677:Behçet Uz
561:Ministers
312:Balıkesir
280:Behçet Uz
170:inclusion
162:consumers
144:) is the
91:1.142.469
88:Employees
2439:Abkhazia
2389:Thailand
2344:Pakistan
2324:Mongolia
2319:Maldives
2314:Malaysia
2214:Cambodia
2123:Svalbard
2108:Guernsey
2055:Abkhazia
2007:Slovenia
2002:Slovakia
1977:Portugal
1835:Bulgaria
1522:Interior
1354:Facebook
1319:30967916
1266:10 March
1237:10 March
1212:10 March
1146:See also
617:Rıza Nur
339:İstanbul
255:trachoma
251:syphilis
146:ministry
2444:Artsakh
2414:Vietnam
2329:Myanmar
2309:Lebanon
2239:Georgia
2194:Bahrain
2184:Armenia
2032:Ukraine
1982:Romania
1942:Moldova
1900:Ireland
1895:Iceland
1890:Hungary
1880:Germany
1875:Georgia
1865:Finland
1860:Estonia
1855:Denmark
1840:Croatia
1825:Belgium
1820:Belarus
1810:Austria
1805:Armenia
1800:Andorra
1795:Albania
1655:Defunct
1634:Offices
1534:Justice
1345:Twitter
1310:6425761
467:Launch
451:Expand
316:Erzurum
259:leprosy
247:malaria
207:History
148:of the
138:Turkish
120:.saglik
113:Website
54: (
2459:Taiwan
2394:Turkey
2359:Russia
2294:Kuwait
2274:Jordan
2264:Israel
2224:Cyprus
2209:Brunei
2204:Bhutan
2118:Jersey
2060:Kosovo
2027:Turkey
2017:Sweden
1997:Serbia
1987:Russia
1972:Poland
1967:Norway
1947:Monaco
1917:Latvia
1885:Greece
1870:France
1845:Cyprus
1498:Health
1410:Turkey
1317:
1307:
1293:: 30.
337:After
332:Seyhan
328:Samsun
308:Ankara
296:UNICEF
186:Ankara
174:family
154:health
82:Turkey
78:Ankara
46:Formed
2485:Macau
2419:Yemen
2379:Syria
2354:Qatar
2334:Nepal
2269:Japan
2244:India
2234:Egypt
2219:China
2093:Åland
2012:Spain
1937:Malta
1907:Italy
1582:Trade
324:İzmir
2339:Oman
2304:Laos
2259:Iraq
2254:Iran
1731:Navy
1679:list
1667:list
1623:list
1611:list
1599:list
1587:list
1575:list
1563:list
1551:list
1539:list
1527:list
1515:list
1503:list
1491:list
1479:list
1467:list
1455:list
1443:list
1431:list
1315:PMID
1268:2020
1239:2020
1214:2020
1133:Dr.
1122:Dr.
1100:Dr.
1078:Dr.
1067:Dr.
1056:Dr.
1037:Dr.
1002:Dr.
949:Dr.
880:Dr.
853:Dr.
799:Dr.
729:Dr.
710:Dr.
675:Dr.
648:Dr.
637:Dr.
626:Dr.
615:Dr.
604:Dr.
593:Dr.
483:The
416:The
341:and
330:and
298:and
257:and
168:and
132:The
122:.gov
56:1920
49:1920
2471:and
1408:of
1361:on
1352:on
1343:on
1305:PMC
1295:doi
184:in
124:.tr
118:www
2502::
1313:.
1303:.
1291:10
1289:.
1285:.
1258:.
1247:^
1230:.
1205:.
1192:^
326:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
253:,
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