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writing about Shire that: "This man is still young and full of life. It is a pity that he has been sent over here without one of his wives". The protectorate governor rejected this suggestion on the grounds that keeping the Sultan in exile was already costing the authorities R.100 per month. He also suggested that the Sultan could "secure the services of a boy who can be both cook and attendant if he wishes to do so at our expense". Shire was dissatisfied with this compromise, and petitioned instead for what he termed "a respectable woman".
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continued to ask for repatriation, but the colonial governors routinely turned down these requests. In order to avoid engendering anti-colonial sentiments, the colonial government imposed edicts which censored letters that exiled individuals sent to their family and compatriots back home. Shire regularly found a way around these controls by utilizing Somali sailors as couriers, with one of these missives arriving in
British Somaliland via
278:). During the subsequent power struggle between Hassan's Dervishes and British forces, Shire decided to throw the Warsangali's lot with the former polity. In January 1908, his men opened fire on a British ship that was about to land on their littoral. After a quarter of a century of holding British forces at bay, the Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920 as a direct consequence of Britain's new policy of
358:. Under the leasing agreement, the renting party was allowed to collect coconuts, gather water from the river, and keep poultry and pigs. Shire also had to check-in three times every day at the local police station across the street. Although the terms of Shire's deportation allowed him to bring a spouse, he spent most of his time in exile alone, without relatives or companions.
52:
406:, promising unwavering loyalty to the government and future good behavior. He still commanded the loyalty of his people. Gradually, Shire reached an accommodation with the British administration. The colonial authorities recognized the influence that he could exert over his clan, and his Sultan status was eventually restored.
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for a period of seven years. The justification for his deportation was that Shire had exerted his own form of "native authority". According to
Wardheer News, his "independent policy, strength and indifference to the powers surrounding him, including the British vexed London and led to his arrest and
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and
Seychelles, which appealed for his release. These epistles were characterized by willfulness, exaggeration and overstatement on Shire's part, serving to mask his resistance strategies. In the first such hyperbolic letter, sent in 1922, Shire pleaded to the Governor of the Seychelles to allow him
377:
He was, however, dismayed by this state of affairs. Fiennes, who was responsible for Shire's safe custody, argued that the Sultan would be more placated if his wife were with him. In an unusual move for a policeman, the officer later penned a letter in which he urged the
Governor to reconsider,
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Besides emphasising that he simply wanted to rejoin his wife and children and asserting that he did not wish to be Sultan, Shire swore that he had disavowed his earlier political beliefs and promised to recognise the authority of the
British government. These assurances were ineffective. Shire
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The
Warsangali clan within the British protectorate on the eastern coast who under their spirited leader Garad Mahamud 'Ali Shire had now decided to throw in their lot with the Dervishes and in Jan 1908, fired on a British dhow as it was landing on their
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he still had a loyal people and, as is so often the way with those who at first rebel, Shirreh gradually reached an accommodation with the
British. They recognized the influence he could exert over the Warsangali, and his status of Sultan was eventually
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Shirreh, similarly persisted in his requests to be repatriated but was repeatedly refused In these letters, 'wilfulness, exaggeration and overstatement' (Said, 1993) were characteristics of being in exile and constituted covert strategies of
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Sayyid Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh refused to give his daughter Faṭmah as wife to the son of 'Ali Šīré, Sultan of the
Warsangali tribe. The latter had bespoken her, promising a "farad" of ten camels loaded with silk and
303:, from where he later attempted to escape on January 5, 1920. On May 5, 1920, a telegram was sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies for the deportation of Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire. The letter states,
374:. He and other prominent exiles employed letter-writing as major non-violent political tools of communication, through which they were able to describe their time in exile beyond the Seychelles.
315:. Should he be successful in any such attempt, it might have very grave political consequences here; and I have, therefore, to request that the most careful surveillance of his movements.
235:
fought a two-decade long war against
British, Italian and Ethiopian forces. Shire already had four wives of his own. He sought to marry Hassan's daughter Faṭmah, offering a bride-price (
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In May 1928, after some lobbying on Shire's behalf by
Governor Byrne, Shire's period of exile in the Seychelles came to an end. He was transported to Aden on board the SS
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Osman Mahmud, Sultan of the Majjertain, from Ali Yusuf, Sultan of Obbia, and from the Warsangeli Sultan Sultan of the Warsangeli
247:, but Hassan refused to give her hand in marriage to Shire. The two leaders regularly engaged in trade and political intrigue.
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Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad: Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions: Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions
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Your excellency will observe that the sentence of deportation does not carry with it a sentence of imprisonment, and that
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in his territory. This came following other protectorate treaties signed by the British Empire and other Somali clans (
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A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
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in the Protectorate, the Garaad of the Warsangeli, the most celebrated and strongest of northern Sultans
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182:. He bore the title Sultan (also referred to as Senior Akil) of the Warsangali. He was centered at
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897:"Contesting colonial rule: Politics of exile in the Indian Ocean Author links open overlay panel"
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Soon after the Dervishes' defeat, the British Secretary of State sentenced Shire to
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the Ex-Sultan should, therefore, be treated as a political detenu in the Seychelles
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In 1886, Shire and other elders of the Warsangali clan signed a treaty with the
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Queen Elizabeth II formally presenting Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shirreh his honors (
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To be a nation: being the third part of The history of Seychelles, 1920-1976
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To be a nation: being the third part of The history of Seychelles, 1920–1976
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To be a nation: being the third part of The history of Seychelles, 1920-1976
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To be a nation: being the third part of The history of Seychelles, 1920-1976
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To be a nation: being the third part of The history of Seychelles, 1920-1976
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A modern history of the Somali: nation and state in the Horn of Africa
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Forgotten Eden: a view of the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean
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Forgotten Eden: a view of the Seychelles Islands in the Indian Ocean
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A general survey of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950
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The scramble in the Horn of Africa: history of Somalia, 1827-1977
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Shire wrote a number of letters to the colonial governors of the
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deportation". Shire was apprehended and transported by vessel to
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Mahamuud 'Aali Sire, the Sultan of the Warsangeli in Laas-qorai
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508:. Great Britain Parliament, House of Commons. 1905. p. 42
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Sessional papers. Inventory control record 1, Volume 56
343:, with whom Sultan Shire would soon develop a rapport.
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British Somalia: An Administrative History, 1920-1960
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Corona: The Journal of His Majesty's Colonial Service
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during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
532:Great Britain Parliament, House of Commons (1905).
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331:. At the time of his arrival on the Seychelles
418:In 1960, he died peacefully during his sleep.
1337:Prisoners and detainees of the United Kingdom
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409:Shire was later featured on the cover of
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568:. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 246
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382:Return to the Somaliland Protectorate
771:. Somali Publications. p. 568.
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742:. African Society. 1920. p. 222
538:. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 42
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578:Senior Akil of the Warsangeli tribe
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1220:. Bracken House. 1960. p. 513
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1005:. Pristine Books. pp. 40–41.
841:Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism
636:. Pristine Books. pp. 37–38.
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876:. John Anthony Hunt. p. 152
664:Skelly, Joseph Morrison (2009).
205:Deportation letter, January 1920
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1160:. Pristine Books. p. 41.
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964:. Pristine Books. p. 37.
913:10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.07.012
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709:. Longmans. pp. 148–149.
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346:Shire lived in a house in the
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837:Samatar, Said Sheikh (1982).
319:On May 3, 1920, on board HMS
1322:20th-century Somalian people
805:. James Currey. p. 74.
765:Omar, Mohamed Osman (2001).
522:, from Ali Yusuf, Sultan of
518:Osman Mahmud, Sultan of the
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1116:Kothari, Uma (June 2012).
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870:Hunt, John Anthony (152).
350:district on the island of
243:loaded with draperies and
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56:Mohamoud Ali Shire in 1905
1242:McAteer, William (2008).
1154:McAteer, William (2008).
1088:. Longmans. p. 148.
999:McAteer, William (2008).
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402:. Shire returned to the
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43:Sultan of the Warsangali
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73:Predecessor
1296:Categories
1052:(4): 704.
812:0852554834
753:draperies.
520:Mijjertain
479:3825830845
296:Seychelles
264:Gadabuursi
260:Habar Awal
184:Las Khorey
130:Warsangali
118:Somaliland
101:Somaliland
93:Las Khorey
1025:restored.
239:) of ten
81:Successor
76:Ali Shire
1282:Archived
1122:Geoforum
1046:Geoforum
901:Geoforum
422:See also
400:Karapara
231:, whose
136:Religion
849:, 135.
485:4 March
394:, 1954)
301:Berbera
294:in the
178:of the
125:Dynasty
66:unknown
1252:
1198:
1164:
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1009:
968:
853:
825:coast.
809:
775:
713:
674:
640:
476:
372:Ceylon
325:Bombay
241:camels
226:Sayyid
176:Sultan
173:Somali
165:Arabic
157:Somali
524:Obbia
454:Notes
341:Egypt
329:India
292:exile
237:yarad
190:Reign
140:Islam
99:(now
62:Reign
1263:2018
1250:ISBN
1226:2018
1196:ISBN
1175:2018
1162:ISBN
1141:2018
1103:2018
1090:ISBN
1065:2018
1020:2018
1007:ISBN
979:2018
966:ISBN
945:2019
920:2018
882:2018
851:ISBN
820:2018
807:ISBN
786:2018
773:ISBN
748:2018
724:2018
711:ISBN
685:2018
672:ISBN
651:2018
638:ISBN
601:2018
574:2018
544:2018
514:2018
487:2018
474:ISBN
392:Aden
352:Mahé
321:Odin
276:Easa
274:and
245:silk
111:1960
108:Died
89:Born
1130:doi
1054:doi
909:doi
847:131
224:of
152:MBE
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155:(
103:)
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