1820:
287:
5830:
3363:
5840:
24:
3126:
1266:. The 12th century chroniclers "record princes from Vladimir–Suzdal’ in the Northeast, Novgorod in the North, and Galicia–Volhynia in the Southwest, among others, as going to the Rus’ Land when Kiev is meant." This narrow usage of Rus’ ceased after the Mongols conquered Kiev in the second half of the thirteenth century. The vast polity of
796:, it contains the following passage, "Oleg sent his men to make peace and sign a treaty between the Greeks and the Rus', saying thus: "We are the Rus': Karl, Inegeld, Farlaf, Veremud, Rulav, Gudi, Ruald, Karn, Frelav, Ruar, Aktevu, Truan, Lidul, Vost, Stemid, sent by Oleg, the great prince of Rus', and all those under him"
1643:, stated that foreigners make "a mistake when they call them Muscovites and not Russians. When they are asked what nation they are, they respond 'Russac', which means 'Russians', and when they are asked what place they are from, the answer is Moscow, Vologda, Ryasan and other cities". The closest analogue of the Latin term
1014:
3174:
Advertissement au
Lecteur // Jacques Margeret. Estat de l'empire de Russie et grande duché de Moscovie, avec ce qui s'y est passé de plus mémorable et tragique... depuis l'an 1590 jusques en l'an 1606 en septembre, par le capitaine Margeret. M. Guillemot, 1607. Modern French-Russian edition: Маржерет
2931:
Barbara
Jelavich. Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 1806–1914. Cambridge University Press, 2004. P. 37. Note 34: "Since the first Rome fell through the Appollinarian heresy and the second Rome, which is Constantinople, is held by the infidel Turks, so then thy great Russian Tsardom, pious Tsar, which is
2157:
proclaimed itself in 1917, its primates styled themselves "Metropolitan of Kiev and All
Ukraine", thus replacing "Rus'" with "Ukraine", until 1936. From 1991 to 2000, two further patriarchs of the UAOC called themselves "Patriarch of Kiev and all Rus-Ukraine", but then "Rus" was definitively dropped
2990:
William K. Medlin. Moscow and East Rome: A Political Study of the
Relations of Church and State in Muscovite Russia. Delachaux et Niestl, 1952. P. 117: Addressing Patriarch Jeremiah, Tsar Feodor Ivanovich declares, "We have received the sceptre of the Great Tsardom of Russia to support and to watch
832:
asked by the Chuds, Slavs and
Krivichs to reign their obstreperous lands as the "Rus'". One can assume that there was no original mention of the Varangians as the Rus' due to the old list predating the Primary Chronicle and the Synod Scroll only referred to the Primary Chronicle if the pages of the
754:
As for the Rus, they live on an island ... that takes three days to walk round and is covered with thick undergrowth and forests; it is most unhealthy... They harry the Slavs, using ships to reach them; they carry them off as slaves and... sell them. They have no fields but simply live on what they
2426:
In the
Sarmatian period the Rus' were closely associated with the Alans. Hence the double name Rus- Alan (Roxolani). As has been mentioned,1 ruxs in Alanic means 'radiant light'. The name 'Ruxs-Alan' may be understood in two ways: ... of two clans or two tribes.1 That the Roxolani were actually a
1333:, appeared in the 15th century, and became common thereafter. In the 1480s Muscovite state scribes Ivan Cherny and Mikhail Medovartsev mention Russia under the name "Росиа"', Medovartsev also mentions "the sceptre of Russian lordship (Росийскаго господства)". In the following century
1462:
term was never used in Russia. The two names "Russia" and "Moscovia" appear to have co-existed as interchangeable during the later 16th and throughout the 17th century with different
Western maps and sources using different names, so that the country was called
755:
get from the Slav's lands... When a son is born, the father will go up to the newborn baby, sword in hand; throwing it down, he says, "I shall not leave you with any property: You have only what you can provide with this weapon."
3233:О великом и славном Российском Московском государстве. Гл. 50 // Арсеньев Ю. В. Описание Москвы и Московского государства: По неизданному списку Космографии конца XVII века. М, 1911. С. 6–17 (Зап. Моск. археол. ин-та. Т. 11)
2953:
Maija
Jansson. England and the North: The Russian Embassy of 1613–1614. American Philosophical Society, 1994. P. 82: "...the towns of our great Russian Tsardom", "all the people of all the towns of all the great Russian
2921:
Lee
Trepanier. Political Symbols in Russian History: Church, State, and the Quest for Order and Justice. Lexington Books, 2010. P. 61: "so your great Russian Tsardom, more pious than all previous kingdoms, is the Third
2026:
232:
and was commonly used in
Western European documents to refer to the eastern Slavic lands during medieval times. Over time, the name became more localized, especially after the 19th century, to refer to
3059:
1376:
was the first local ruler to claim the title of "Grand Prince of all Rus'" This title was used by the Grand Dukes of Vladimir since the early 14th century, and the first prince to use it was
265:
2339:
Zyri͡ansko-russkīĭ i russko-zyri͡anskīĭ slovarʹ (Komi – Russian dictionary) / sostavlennyĭ Pavlom Savvaitovym. Savvaitov, P. I. 1815–1895. Sankt Peterburg: V Tip. Imp. Akademīi Nauk, 1850.
1627:. Muscovites ("Russians" in the German version) refute this, saying that their country was originally called Russia (Rosseia)". Pointing to the difference between Latin and Russian names,
2143:
3165:
Sigismund von Herberstein. Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii. Synoptische Edition der lateinischen und der deutschen Fassung letzter Hand. Basel 1556 und Wien 1557. München, 2007. P. 29
4183:
2159:
2427:
combination of these two clans may be seen from the fact that the name Rus (or Ros) was on many occasions used separately from that of the Alans. Besides, the armour of the ...
3175:Ж. Состояние Российской империи (Тексты, комментарии, статьи). Ж. Маржерет в документах и исследованиях. Серия: Studia historica М. Языки славянской культуры. 2007. С. 46, 117
2518:
Hodoeporicon Ruthenicum, in quo de Moscovitarum Regione, Moribus, Religione, gubernatione, & Aula Imperatoria quo potuit compendio & eleganter exequitur [...]
3055:
A brief history of Moscovia and of other less-known countries lying eastward of Russia as far as Cathay, gather'd from the writings of several eye-witnesses / by John Milton
3385:
2944:
Richard S. Wortman. Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy from Peter the Great to the Abdication of Nicholas II. Princeton University Press, 2013. P. 17
2588:
1579:
was a result of traditional habit and the need to distinguish between the Muscovite and the Lithuanian part of the Rus', as well as of the political interests of the
2490:
1247:
was established by modern historians to distinguish the period from the 9th century to the beginning of the 12th century, when Kiev was the center of a large state.
2095:
41:
3009:
Felicity Stout. Exploring Russia in the Elizabethan commonwealth: The Muscovy Company and Giles Fletcher, the elder (1546–1611). Oxford University Press. 2015
2707:
J. B. Harley and D. Woodward, eds., The History of Cartography, Volume III, Part 1. P. 1852. Note 3. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 2007.
1831:
While in the Grand Principality of Moscow the rulers called their realm Rus, the residents of Western Rus lands called themselves Rusyny, Rusniaky or Rus'ki.
4707:
3428:
2348:Русско–коми словарь 12000 слов (Russian – Komi dictionary, Л. М. Безносикова, Н. К. Забоева, Р. И. Коснырева, 2005 год, 752 стр., Коми книжное издательство.
143:
in the 10th century. The term gradually acquired the meaning of the aforementioned dynastic polity itself, and also the geographic region of its heartlands
2691:
1572:
908:. These hypotheses are considered unlikely in Western mainstream academia. Slavic and Iranian etymologies suggested by "anti-Normanist" scholars include:
4400:
3053:
4017:
1591:
was used instead of Russia in many parts of Europe where prior to the reign of Peter the Great there was a lack of direct knowledge of the country. In
1181:, presented a historical dead-end, since no such tribal or national name was known from non-Slavic sources. "Ruotsi" is, however, the Finnish name for
708:" ("Rhos vocari dicebant"). Louis inquired about their origins and learned that they were Swedes. Fearing that they were spies for their brothers the
2182:
185:. By the 15th century, Muscovite rulers adopted the title "Grand Prince of all Rus'," signaling their claim over the legacy of Kievan Rus'. The term
88:
2892:
2882:
Robert Auty, Dimitri Obolensky. Companion to Russian Studies: Volume 1: An Introduction to Russian History. Cambridge University Press, 1976. P. 99
1082:, argued against these theories, stating that the anti-Normanists neglected the realities of the Ancient Slavic languages and that the nation name
60:
2193:(UOC-MP) also claims the title of "Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine", and in 2022 the UOC formally cut ties with the Russian Orthodox Church.
2190:
5016:
3295:
Germans and Poles in the Middle Ages: The Perception of the 'Other' and the Presence of Mutual Ethnic Stereotypes in Medieval Narrative Sources
2030:
67:
2044:
1216:
166:
Following the decline of Kievan Rus' in the 12th century, its territory fragmented into multiple polities. The northeastern principality of
3805:
3218:
2370:. Translated by Samuel Hazzard Cross; Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor. Mediaeval Academy of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts. pp. 47–48.
1270:
was subsequently divided by geographical distance into several more distant principalities. The most influential were, in the south-west,
1017:), light-brown, said of hair color (the translation "reddish-haired", cognate with the Slavic "ryzhiy", "red-haired", is not quite exact);
3897:
3523:
3309:
2540:
Kasinec, Edward; Davis, Robert H. (2006). "The Imagery of Early Anglo-Russian Relations". In Dmitrieva, Ol'ga; Abramova, Natalya (eds.).
74:
5795:
3857:
2261:
363:) as rowing was the main method of navigating the rivers of Eastern Europe, and that it could be linked to the Swedish coastal area of
2660:, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 26 July 2018
3335:
4782:
56:
2381:
5744:
4319:
4224:
4139:
3666:
2893:"Образование и развитие единого русского государства – Виртуальная выставка к 1150-летию зарождения российской государственности"
2580:
2175:
2154:
2039:
based in Kiev (Kyiv) called himself "metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'", but in 1299, the Kievan metropolitan chair was moved to
5869:
5089:
5023:
4440:
1583:, which competed with Moscow for the western regions of the Rus'. Due to the propaganda of the Commonwealth, as well as of the
1442:
580:
Mores, leges et ritus omnium gentium, per Ioannem Boëmum, Aubanum, Teutonicum ex multis clarissimis rerum scriptoribus collecti
2466:Картина славянского мира: взгляд из Восточной Европы: Представления об этнической номинации и этничности XVI-начала XVIII века
4535:
4198:
3877:
2712:
2641:
2448:
2375:
2311:
828:, which is partly based on the original list of the late 11th Century and partly on the Primary Chronicle, does not name the
4919:
3551:
3471:
3259:
2287:
2110:". On the other hand, the southwestern territories of former Kievan Rus' would undergo Polonisation and experience the 1596
651:
5874:
5471:
4869:
4581:
3834:
2167:
1653:), which was used along with the name "Russia", sometimes in one sentence, as in the name of the 17th century Russian work
249:
3537:
Ruthenians (the Rus') in the Kingdom of Hungary (11th to mid-14th Century): Settlement, Property, and Socio-Political Role
5805:
4812:
3756:
3191:
2972:
Readings for Introduction to Russian civilization, Volume 1. Syllabus Division, University of Chicago Press, 1963. P. 253
2107:
2047:. One line of metropolitans settled in Moscow in 1325 and continued titling themselves "of Kiev and all Rus'". Patriarch
257:
3156:Хорошкевич А. Л. Русское государство в системе международных отношений конца XV—начала XVI в. — М.: Наука, 1980. — С. 84
4314:
3933:
3373:
2022:
1580:
4747:
4636:
4571:
3872:
3731:
3545:
3465:
3422:
3303:
2551:
2473:
2255:
107:
81:
5719:
4495:
4478:
4144:
1381:
3409:
5864:
5215:
4289:
3827:
1704:
1519:, published posthumously, starting it with the words: "The Empire of Moscovia, or as others call it, Russia...".
1271:
3128:
2688:
5764:
5145:
4894:
4520:
3953:
3635:
3631:
3593:
3589:
2614:
45:
3381:
4690:
4405:
4229:
4189:
3943:
3867:
3862:
3766:
2512:
2048:
1445:
631:
4976:
4956:
4859:
4510:
4460:
4324:
4169:
4134:
3817:
590:("About Rus', or Ruthenia, and modern customs of the Rus'"), Boemus tells of a country extending from the
4874:
4611:
4483:
4390:
4344:
4334:
4299:
4179:
4054:
4039:
3693:
3659:
3214:
2319:
793:
713:
148:
2900:
2330:"Зайцева М. И., Муллонен М. И. Словарь вепсского языка (Dictionary of Veps language). Л., «Наука», 1972.
1691:
In the 13th–14th centuries, many of southwestern Rus' principalities were united under the power of the
174:, which, by the 14th to 16th centuries, had consolidated power over most of northeastern Rus'. The name
5894:
5352:
5165:
5082:
4934:
4767:
4549:
4530:
4430:
4420:
4415:
4007:
3887:
2163:
1500:
701:
1623:
in his work on the Russian tsardom and noted: "The majority believes that Russia is a changed name of
1191:, is inconsistent in what it refers to as the "Rus'": in adjacent passages, the Rus' are grouped with
1149:
Danilevskiy further argued that the term followed the general pattern of Slavic names for neighboring
5554:
5413:
5190:
4986:
4966:
4939:
4695:
4455:
4214:
4093:
4022:
3902:
1777:
1608:
897:
541:
152:
3610:
3087:
5800:
5486:
5464:
4500:
4339:
4309:
4174:
4088:
3997:
3960:
2013:
since 907, and had been known as "Magna Rus'" but was also called "Karpato-Rus'" or "Zakarpattya".
1846:
1793:
1454:
824:
3043:
John T. Shawcross. John Milton: The Self and the World. University Press of Kentucky, 2015. P. 120
1195:, with the Slavs, and also set apart from the Slavs and Varangians. Danilevskiy suggests that the
5889:
5759:
5664:
5428:
5380:
5277:
5272:
5006:
4981:
4817:
4666:
4626:
4329:
4274:
4159:
4027:
3210:
2171:
2115:
2103:
550:
315:
261:
34:
4944:
4802:
4772:
4727:
4678:
4673:
4606:
4490:
4450:
4410:
4244:
4154:
4149:
3970:
3882:
3749:
3652:
3000:Шмидт С. О. Памятники письменности в культуре познания истории России. М., 2007. Т. 1. Стр. 545
2142:). The primate of this church was titled "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia". The
1291:
1060:
901:
709:
3520:
3293:
5769:
5385:
5237:
5075:
4971:
4712:
4685:
4646:
4586:
4385:
4354:
4264:
4012:
3948:
2981:
Hans Georg Peyerle, George Edward Orchard. Journey to Moscow. LIT Verlag Münster, 1997. P. 47
2629:
1805:
1369:
1354:
1342:
1295:
1150:
171:
3207:
2245:
556:
which was in turn a rendition of the Byzantine Greek name for Rus', Ρωσία (Rosía). The word
5714:
5679:
5634:
5390:
5067:
5001:
4909:
4904:
4656:
4591:
4349:
4284:
4279:
4269:
4239:
4234:
4194:
3701:
2825:
Lawrence N. Langer. Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Scarecrow Press, 2001. P. 186
2186:
1956:
1840:
1298:, once a part of Vladimir-Suzdal, and formed a large state. While the oldest endonyms were
957:, respectively, whose names are derived from a postulated Slavic term for "water", akin to
811:. The territory they conquered was named after them as were, eventually, the local people (
269:
238:
144:
1433:" (Царь и Великий князь всея Руси) and was crowned on 16 January, thereby proclaiming the
371:, as it was known in earlier times. The name Rus' would then have the same origin as the
8:
5784:
5604:
5599:
5494:
5457:
5337:
4996:
4752:
4702:
4621:
4525:
4359:
4304:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4204:
4164:
4129:
4071:
3985:
3916:
3778:
3341:
2178:
2119:
2099:
2036:
1945:
1491:
of the 16th century, it was known both as Russia and Muscovy. Such notable Englishmen as
1221:
In modern English historiography, common names for the ancient East Slavic state include
842:
234:
5449:
2816:
E. Hellberg-Hirn. Soil and Soul: The Symbolic World of Russianness. Ashgate, 1998. P. 54
252:” was used for the head of the church based in Kiev until the metropolitan see moved to
5884:
5724:
5699:
5614:
5594:
5544:
5514:
5504:
5307:
5267:
5247:
5227:
5130:
4924:
4899:
4889:
4879:
4864:
4849:
4807:
4737:
4722:
4661:
4641:
4631:
4601:
4576:
4561:
4505:
4445:
4435:
4294:
4117:
4103:
4098:
4044:
3980:
3790:
3075:
2362:
2123:
2010:
2002:
1986:
1974:
1960:
1732:
1692:
1681:
1640:
1612:
1373:
1004:
689:
599:
340:
The most common theory about the origins of Russians is the Germanic version. The name
1517:
A brief history of Moscovia and of other less-known countries lying eastward of Russia
5839:
5810:
5689:
5684:
5564:
5418:
5242:
5042:
4794:
4762:
4757:
4742:
4717:
4566:
4515:
4465:
4395:
4373:
4218:
4002:
3938:
3928:
3892:
3795:
3761:
3739:
3684:
3541:
3461:
3418:
3299:
2708:
2665:
2637:
2547:
2469:
2444:
2371:
2295:, ed. by Stefan Brink and Neil Price (Abingdon: Routledge, 2008), pp. 4–10 (pp. 6–7).
2251:
1819:
1797:
1724:
1596:
1434:
1358:
1275:
1187:
1044:
471:
376:
213:
201:
1769:
1280) stated that the Carpathian mountains between Hungary and Halych were situated
879:
5879:
5754:
5704:
5659:
5639:
5629:
5529:
5438:
5423:
5370:
5322:
5317:
5292:
5150:
4991:
4929:
4884:
4827:
4732:
4651:
4616:
4425:
4076:
3975:
3783:
2661:
2609:
2040:
1936:
was still the predominant name for Western Rus' territories up until 19th century.
1781:
1761:
1632:
1404:
1167:
1120:
1052:
989:
859:
789:
743:
731:
513:
408:
404:
5408:
2308:
1554:), which is more typical of the 17th century, whereas the state was also known as
836:
Other spellings used in Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries were as follows:
498:, the Norwegian philologist and lexicographer, noted proto-Germanic root variants
380:
5729:
5644:
5624:
5509:
5499:
5347:
5297:
5257:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5155:
5140:
5135:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5051:
5011:
4914:
4854:
4844:
4832:
4777:
4596:
3990:
3965:
3744:
3535:
3527:
3451:
3263:
3256:
3222:
3195:
3132:
3018:
2963:
Walter G. Moss. A History of Russia Volume 1: To 1917. Anthem Press, 2003. P. 207
2695:
2541:
2516:
2419:
2315:
2291:
2284:
2202:
2135:
1708:
1592:
1568:
1377:
1279:
1075:
923:
747:
685:
657:
525:
264:. In contrast, the southwestern regions of former Kievan Rus' adopted the title "
178:
began to appear in official documents during this time, alongside the older term
167:
3519:(in Appendix to S. Fomin's "Russia before the Second Coming", available on-line
2768:
Robert O. Crummey. The Formation of Muscovy 1300–1613. Routledge. 2013. P. 29-84
2185:(UOC-KP) continues claiming the title "Patriarch of Kiev and All Rus'-Ukraine".
467:
5774:
5709:
5674:
5609:
5589:
5579:
5539:
5524:
5519:
5433:
5375:
5342:
5332:
5312:
5302:
5287:
5282:
5262:
5232:
5200:
5185:
5160:
4949:
4822:
4083:
4049:
3773:
3726:
3622:
3601:
3580:
3567:
2360:
2127:
2111:
2052:
1882:
1860:
1809:
1696:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1459:
1430:
1267:
891:
808:
768:
760:
739:
697:
459:
281:
140:
136:
3184:
712:, he jailed them. They were also mentioned in the 860s by Byzantine Patriarch
5858:
5833:
5815:
5734:
5694:
5669:
5649:
5584:
5559:
5549:
5534:
5327:
5252:
5222:
5056:
4961:
4470:
4209:
3800:
3034:
Marshall Poe (editor). Early exploration of Russia. Volume 1. Routledge. 2003
2405:
Ivar Aasen, Norsk Ordbog, med dansk Forklaring, Kristiania 1918 (1873), p.612
2080:
1823:
Engraving of 1617 with the inscription "Premislia celebris Rvssiae civitas" (
1448:
and in numerous official texts, but the state partly remained referred to as
583:
443:
427:
384:
5654:
5619:
5574:
5569:
4837:
3822:
3812:
3614:
2066:
1900:
1748:
1217:
Translatio imperii § The Rus' land from the Middle Dnieper to Suzdalia
1200:
867:
788:
under the year 912. When describing a peace treaty signed by the Varangian
635:
623:
286:
242:
1345:
of the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in
5843:
4032:
3839:
3716:
3447:
1512:
1365:
written by Dosifei Toporkov (?–1543/44) in 1516–22 and in other sources.
1107:
or bear-origined people would have ended their self-name with the plural
1048:
996:
966:
875:
595:
290:
212:
was increasingly recognized across Northern Europe and the courts of the
3620:"We Are More 'Russian' than Them: a History of Myths and Sensations",
2991:
over our pious and present Great Russian Tsardom and, with God's grace".
2634:
California Slavic Studies, Volume XVI: Slavic Culture in the Middle Ages
2098:, the Muscovite church became autocephalous in 1589, renamed itself the
1824:
4061:
3721:
3711:
3331:
2088:
1544:
were still common and synonymous to it, and often appeared in the form
1438:
1259:
1192:
1119:(red hair is one of the natural hair colors of Scandinavians and other
974:
954:
905:
829:
693:
673:
661:
591:
565:
495:
132:
3706:
3484:(first published 2012 by Рукописные памятники Древней Руси , Moscow).
3362:
2677:
1970:
1731:
or "king of the Rus'" in 1253. Alternatively, Danylo and his brother
1511:
and used it in their works. So did numerous other authors, including
1458:) throughout Europe, predominantly in its Catholic part, though this
1350:
1346:
1263:
1233:
1094:
1068:
919:
356:
333:
272:
have shifted to using titles reflecting "Ukraine" instead of "Rus'."
2468:. Saint Petersburg: Петербургское востоковедение. pp. 129–130.
2144:
Annexation of the Metropolitanate of Kiev by the Moscow Patriarchate
1994:
23:
3145:Восток—Россия—Запад: исторические и культурологические исследования
3112:
Ruslan G. Skrynnikov. Reign of Terror: Ivan IV. BRILL. 2015. P. 189
1982:
1921:
1675:
1624:
1161:
1104:
1056:
982:
914:
900:. These are derived from the "anti-Normanist" school of thought in
536:
a combination of two separate tribal names: the Rus and the Alans.
364:
306:
298:
221:
3644:
1751:
documents, while the population of Halych and Volhynia was called
1177:, etc.—but that the only possible word that it could be based on,
672:." The East Slavs are thought to have adopted this name from the
532:
could be understood as "bright Alans". He theorized that the name
4184:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
4066:
2543:
Britannia & Muscovy: English Silver at the Court of the Tsars
1876:
1584:
1507:(1668), both of whom visited Russia, were familiar with the term
1488:
1251:
938:
816:
603:
463:
372:
302:
197:
128:
2491:"Ёган Баэмус і яго кніга "Норавы, законы і звычаі ўсіх народаў""
2361:
Samuel Hazzard Cross; Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor, eds. (1953).
854:. Sources written in Latin routinely confused the Rus' with the
3675:
3496:
Science and Literature in Russia in the Age of Peter the Great.
2819:
2776:
2774:
2084:
2051:
in 1361 created two metropolitan sees with their own names (in
1965:
1628:
1372:
had incorporated the northern parts of the former Kievan Rus'.
1182:
615:
607:
455:
431:
423:
419:
348:
294:
253:
208:
persisted in Europe, especially in Latin Catholic regions, but
1173:
926:) people who inhabited southern Ukraine, Moldova and Romania;
863:
855:
735:
561:
517:
324:
5097:
2810:
2771:
1792:("In that year the king of the Ruthenians died (...)"). The
3275:
3273:
1429:
In 1547, Ivan IV assumed the title of "Tsar and Grand Duke
1407:
specifically — evolved into the Byzantine-influenced form,
1255:
1185:. Danilevskiy shows that the oldest historical source, the
1155:
1021:
950:
804:
446:
spoken further east the etymologically corresponding term
2621:
1635:, who served in Russia and left a detailed description of
1437:, or "the Great Russian Tsardom", as it was called in the
937:
and these might be the origin of the name of the Rus'. In
874:) in the Lotharingian Chronicle compiled by the anonymous
5479:
1969:
identity. Carpathian Ruthenia incorporated the cities of
1776:
Galicia–Volhynia declined by mid-14th century due to the
988:"liquid, juice; mythical river" suggests itself; compare
611:
3270:
3236:
2573:
1875:). This would eventually become the name of the country
1647:
in Russia was "Tsardom of Moscow", or "Moscow Tsardom" (
1089:
could not have arisen from any of the proposed origins.
704:. The delegates included two men who called themselves "
588:
De Rusia sive Ruthenia, et recentibus Rusianorum moribus
2750:
2636:. Vol. XVI. Univ of California Press. p. 53.
2227:
2225:
2223:
652:
Calling of the Varangians § Ethnonymy and toponymy
2840:
2828:
1944:
Later usage of the name "Ruthenia" became narrowed to
929:
Several river-names in the region contain the element
3489:
The Stolen Name: How the Ruthenians became Ukrainians
3023:
Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia
2932:
more pious than previous kingdoms, is the third Rome"
2055:) for the northern and southern parts: respectively,
1660:О великом и славном Российском Московском государстве
1639:
of the early 17th century that was presented to King
1599:, however, the country was known under its own name,
1080:
Ancient Rus as Seen by Contemporaries and Descendants
2220:
885:
734:
for what was assumed to be Varangians he met by the
676:
elite, which was first mentioned in the 830s in the
2864:
2852:
2798:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3630:), 27 January – 2 February 2001. Available online
3094:
2786:
638:, titled his posthumously (1608) published memoir
549:first appeared in the 14th century, borrowed from
462:has pointed out that the territory of present-day
170:played a crucial role in the eventual rise of the
3460:] (in Russian). Moscow: Litres. p. 152.
3208:"В некотором царстве, в некотором государстве..."
3123:Россия в первой половине XVI в: взгляд из Европы.
2632:. In Boris Gasparov; Olga Raevsky-Hughes (eds.).
2581:"RUSRIKET: Vikingar skapade Europas största rike"
1932:in Western European documents in medieval times,
870:, for instance, was called "queen of the Rugii" (
692:in 839 (the same year as the first appearance of
630:), is 14 miles in circumference. Danish diplomat
5856:
3411:The Rise and Demise of the Myth of the Rus' Land
2417:
2413:
2411:
2303:
2301:
1290:In the 14th–16th centuries most of northeastern
750:and described how the Rus' exploited the Slavs.
411:peoples in northern Russia proper use the same (
159:is a Hellenized rendition of the same word, and
3340:. Moscow: Progress. p. 289. Archived from
3337:Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language
2627:
2191:Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
1845:While gradually most of the territories of the
1250:Initially, the Rus' lands referred only to the
2438:
2364:The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text
2096:15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism
2031:List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow
1856:, some of them got more color-specific names:
1655:On the Great and Glorious Russian Moscow State
1341:and appeared in an inscription on the western
1203:, which can explain the irregularities in the
995:"mythical stream" and the ancient name of the
763:, the Byzantines considered and described the
634:, who traveled to Russia in 1578 to meet with
305:, the southeastern part of the yellow area of
266:Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Ruthenia
127:referred initially to a group of Scandinavian
5465:
5083:
3660:
3213:, Doctor of history sciences, academician of
2408:
2298:
2183:Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate
1658:
1648:
1559:
1549:
1320:
1306:
3417:. Leeds: Arc Humanities Press. p. 107.
3147:. Памятники исторической мысли, 2001 — С. 69
2940:
2938:
2539:
2443:. The peoples of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.
1788:(page 218) records the death of Boleslav as
564:designation of the region its people called
2070:
2056:
2027:List of metropolitans and patriarchs of (K)
1703:), historiographically better known as the
1686:
1412:
1391:
1385:
1285:
516:theorized about the association of Rus and
5472:
5458:
5090:
5076:
3667:
3653:
3533:
3279:
3242:
2746:. University of Toronto Press. p. 58.
2282:Stefan Brink, 'Who were the Vikings?', in
2237:
2045:Maximos, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus'
1207:and the lack of early non-Slavic sources.
3503:History of Russia since the Ancient Times
3257:The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine
2935:
2463:
2250:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
1847:Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus', Samogitia
1794:Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus', Samogitia
1225:, (sometimes retaining the apostrophe in
777:The earliest written mention of the word
602:to the northern ocean. It is a source of
528:means "radiant light", thus the ethnonym
482:. Thomsen accordingly has suggested that
458:and Russian instead. The Finnish scholar
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
5098:Names of European states and territories
3407:
2780:
2756:
2231:
2016:
2009:). Carpathian Rus' had been part of the
1818:
1669:
1533:in official documents, though the names
1067:(moisture, water). River names such as
774:) as a different people from the Slavs.
700:), was visited by a delegation from the
285:
4320:Collective Security Treaty Organization
3291:
2741:
2726:
2511:
2488:
2243:
2155:Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
1368:By the 15th century, the rulers of the
5857:
3330:
3201:
2630:"Christianity Before Christianization"
2546:. Yale University Press. p. 261.
1925:arose as a Latinized form of the name
1443:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
1210:
426:(depending on the language): thus the
256:in the 14th century, where it became "
5480:Names of Asian states and territories
5453:
5071:
3878:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
3648:
3474:from the original on 10 February 2023
3446:
3434:from the original on 24 February 2023
3312:from the original on 13 February 2023
3100:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2804:
2792:
2722:
2720:
2591:from the original on 15 December 2022
2356:
2354:
2342:
1790:Hoc anno rex Ruthenorum moritur (...)
248:Initially, the ecclesiastical title "
5017:Unified Sports Classification System
3356:
2689:Echoes of glasnost in Soviet Ukraine
2387:from the original on 16 October 2013
2168:Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine
1834:
1796:became its successor state, and the
1424:
1055:has suggested a derivation from the
1020:A postulated proto-Slavic word for "
896:A number of alternative etymologies
355:), supposed to be descended from an
135:, who founded the medieval state of
57:"Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia"
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
3674:
3143:Тихвинский, С. Л., Мясников, В. С.
2333:
2324:
2276:
1784:by local Ruthenian nobles in 1340.
1477:Russia, popularly known as Moscovia
1294:were united under the power of the
1199:were originally not a nation but a
904:during the 19th century and in the
578:appears in the 1520 Latin treatise
13:
4315:Commonwealth of Independent States
3609:), 2–8 May 1998. Available online
3554:from the original on 14 April 2023
3458:On the origin of the name "Russia"
3062:from the original on 18 March 2017
2717:
2628:Henrik Birnbaum (8 January 2021).
2521:(in Latin) (1 ed.). Frankfurt
2351:
2264:from the original on 14 April 2023
610:harbor many animals with valuable
225:originated as a Latinized form of
200:, the state officially became the
14:
5906:
3453:О происхождении названия "Россия"
2439:Milner-Gulland, Robin R. (1999).
2114:, leading to the creation of the
1575:, the continuous use of the term
1522:In the Russian Tsardom, the word
886:Alternate anti-Normanist theories
822:However, the Synod Scroll of the
645:
347:, like the Proto-Finnic name for
250:Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'
196:, and by the 16th century, under
5838:
5829:
5828:
3578:"How Rusyns Became Ukrainians",
3361:
3217:, Journal "Rodina", Nr. 12/2004
2666:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0942
2108:Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
2106:) and switched to the title of "
1955:), the northeastern part of the
1773:("on the borders of Ruthenia").
1382:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
260:” with the establishment of the
258:Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
22:
3588:), July 2005. Available online
3324:
3285:
3248:
3227:
3178:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3137:
3115:
3106:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2947:
2925:
2915:
2885:
2876:
2762:
2744:Ukraine: An Illustrated History
2735:
2729:UKRAINE The Forging of a Nation
2701:
2682:
2671:
2650:
2603:
2533:
2505:
2482:
2457:
2432:
2023:Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'
1130:root, and in Ancient Slavic an
807:and created what is now called
759:When the Varangians arrived in
494:, meaning seafarers or rowers.
33:needs additional citations for
5796:British Indian Ocean Territory
3540:. Leiden: Brill. p. 360.
3298:. Leiden: Brill. p. 210.
3189:. in 2 v. Moscow: Agraph, 2001
2399:
1939:
1800:later absorbed Galicia as the
1581:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1258:, and forming a triangle with
1071:are common in Eastern Europe.
474:in ancient times was known as
237:—a region in the northeastern
1:
4225:Political abuse of psychiatry
3599:"Such a Deceptive Triunity",
3534:Voloshchuk, Myroslav (2021).
3408:Halperin, Charles J. (2022).
2731:. Public Affairs. p. 26.
2698:, by Romana M. Bahry, p. viii
2587:(in Swedish). 28 April 2022.
2464:Мыльников, Александр (1999).
2208:
2147:
2049:Callistus I of Constantinople
1766:
1567:According to historians like
1337:co-existed with the old name
1126:Most theories are based on a
1051:(by F. Knauer, Moscow 1901).
1043:may have originated from the
4870:Traditions and superstitions
2213:
1780:after the poisoning of king
1134:would never have become the
1115:, and not with the singular
668:" ("Rus' men") or, rarely, "
359:term for "the men who row" (
275:
7:
5875:Viking Age populated places
4536:Water supply and sanitation
3121:Кудрявцев, Олег Фёдорович.
2320:Online Etymology Dictionary
2247:The Varangians of Byzantium
2196:
2160:Unification Council of 2018
2102:(today better known as the
2069:) in Vladimir and Kiev and
1705:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1505:The Present State of Russia
1325:), a new form of its name,
1272:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1232:, a transliteration of the
803:states that they conquered
297:, here in the 9th century.
270:Ukrainian Orthodox churches
10:
5911:
5870:History of the Rus' people
3512:(Oslo: Meddelelser, 1996).
3448:Kloss, Boris (Б. М. Клосс)
3352:
2495:Беларускі Гістарычны Агляд
2164:Orthodox Church of Ukraine
2122:: Руская Уніяцкая Царква;
2020:
1963:where the local Slavs had
1838:
1679:
1673:
1497:Of the Russe Common Wealth
1214:
889:
794:campaign on Constantinople
649:
279:
241:inhabited by Slavs with a
5824:
5783:
5743:
5485:
5399:
5361:
5103:
5036:
4793:
4557:
4548:
4381:
4372:
4125:
4116:
3924:
3915:
3850:
3692:
3683:
3025:. Routledge. 2014. P. 650
2656:P.B., Golden, "Rūs", in:
2418:George Vernadsky (1959).
2158:from the name. After the
2071:
2057:
1827:– the famous city of Rus)
1786:Iohannes Victiensis Liber
1759:amongst other names. The
1659:
1649:
1609:Sigismund von Herberstein
1561:Великороссийское царствие
1560:
1550:
1453:
1413:
1380:. Ivan III was styled by
1321:
1307:
1278:, and in the north-east,
1097:would have been known as
833:old list were blemished.
542:Oxford English Dictionary
204:. Despite this, the term
5545:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
4310:Prime Minister of Russia
3262:10 February 2023 at the
2244:Blöndal, Sigfús (1978).
2126:: Руська Унійна Церква;
1804:. The latter became the
1687:Southwest principalities
1595:and at the court of the
1286:Northeast principalities
825:Novgorod First Chronicle
664:refer to themselves as "
642:("Voyage to Ruthenia").
418:-related) name both for
163:is its Latinized form.
5806:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4748:Social entrepreneurship
4637:Forced public apologies
4572:Anti-American sentiment
3221:29 October 2007 at the
2678:Ruotsi – Knowledge (FI)
2566:Hodoeporicon Ruthenicum
2489:Сынкова, Ірына (2007).
2172:Epiphanius I of Ukraine
2116:Ruthenian Uniate Church
2104:Russian Orthodox Church
1905:Russia (Ruthenia) Rubra
1887:Russia (Ruthenia) Nigra
1723:by Polish chroniclers.
1357:(1514), in the work by
640:Hodoeporicon Ruthenicum
614:, and the capital city
293:with what later became
262:Russian Orthodox Church
5865:Country name etymology
5146:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4496:Social security system
4479:Science and technology
4145:Classified information
3971:Central Russian Upland
3131:13 August 2002 at the
2658:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2162:which established the
2139:
2132:Ecclesia Ruthena unita
2131:
2083:) with the centers in
2006:
1990:
1978:
1865:Russia (Ruthenia) Alba
1828:
1813:
1700:
1526:replaced the old name
1484:
1472:
1392:
1386:
902:Russian historiography
757:
486:probably derived from
337:
4957:Russian tsars regalia
4290:Intelligence agencies
4013:Great Russian Regions
3757:Expansion (1500-1800)
3498:(St Petersburg, 1862)
2421:The Origins of Russia
2314:15 April 2016 at the
2290:14 April 2023 at the
2021:Further information:
2017:Ecclesiastical titles
1822:
1806:Ruthenian Voivodeship
1778:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1670:From Rus' to Ruthenia
1615:in Russia, used both
1556:Great-Russian Tsardom
1495:, author of the book
1485:Russia vulgo Moscovia
1370:Grand Duchy of Moscow
1355:Theotokos of Vladimir
1296:Grand Duchy of Moscow
1215:Further information:
1074:The Russian linguist
752:
289:
280:Further information:
172:Grand Duchy of Moscow
5720:United Arab Emirates
5024:World Heritage sites
4401:Droughts and famines
3954:Environmental issues
3702:Proto-Indo-Europeans
3510:The Naming of Russia
3376:for the books listed
3194:4 March 2016 at the
2742:Magocsi, P. (2007).
2727:Hrytsak, Y. (2023).
2568:(Frankfurt, 1608 ) .
2187:Onufriy (Berezovsky)
2166:(OCU), the title of
2140:Ruski Kościół Unicki
1957:Carpathian Mountains
1841:Etymology of Belarus
1711:was variously named
1611:, ambassador of the
1274:, in the north, the
1093:The populace of the
239:Carpathian Mountains
42:improve this article
5747:limited recognition
5362:States with limited
4875:Forms of addressing
4484:Academy of Sciences
4441:Financial districts
4305:President of Russia
4230:Political divisions
4190:Freedom of assembly
4072:West Siberian Plain
3818:Great Patriotic War
3779:February Revolution
3526:6 July 2011 at the
3125:Русский мир, 1997.
2783:, p. vii–viii.
2615:National Geographic
2585:Varldenshistoria.se
2424:. Clarendon Press.
2179:Filaret (Denysenko)
2100:Moscow Patriarchate
1946:Carpathian Ruthenia
1814:Palatinatus Russiae
1771:in finibus Ruthenie
1717:princeps Ruthenorum
1473:Russia seu Moscovia
1465:Russia, or Moscovia
1363:Russian Chronograph
1292:Rus' principalities
1254:region centered on
1211:From Rus' to Russia
898:have been suggested
860:East Germanic tribe
622:), named after the
545:, the English name
235:Carpathian Ruthenia
189:gradually replaced
4925:Russian given name
4511:Telecommunications
4461:Petroleum industry
4325:State of emergency
4170:Far-right politics
4135:Capital punishment
3981:Meshchera Lowlands
3835:Russian Federation
3791:October Revolution
3344:on 15 August 2011.
2903:on 23 January 2019
2694:2 May 2023 at the
2170:was first held by
2079:, Russia Minor or
2011:Kingdom of Hungary
1961:Kingdom of Hungary
1919:Although the name
1849:retained the name
1829:
1753:Rusciae christiani
1733:Vasylko Romanovych
1682:Ruthenian language
1650:Московское царство
1637:L'Empire de Russie
1613:Holy Roman Emperor
1573:Anna Khoroshkevich
1374:Ivan III of Moscow
977:). (A relation of
730:(روس) was used by
690:Ingelheim am Rhein
678:Annales Bertiniani
520:. He claimed that
387:names for Sweden:
338:
5895:History of Russia
5852:
5851:
5789:other territories
5447:
5446:
5065:
5064:
5032:
5031:
4612:Domestic violence
4544:
4543:
4466:Russian oligarchs
4391:Aircraft industry
4368:
4367:
4345:Mass surveillance
4335:Search and rescue
4300:Political parties
4180:Foreign relations
4112:
4111:
3911:
3910:
3903:Historical cities
3762:Tsardom of Russia
3403:
3402:
2713:978-0-226-90733-8
2643:978-0-520-30918-0
2450:978-0-631-21849-4
2377:978-0-910956-34-5
1835:White, Black, Red
1798:Kingdom of Poland
1737:Princeps Galiciae
1725:Danylo of Galicia
1597:Holy Roman Empire
1441:document, by the
1435:Tsardom of Russia
1425:Tsardom of Russia
1359:Maximus the Greek
1276:Novgorod Republic
1205:Primary Chronicle
1188:Primary Chronicle
1003:, from a cognate
801:Primary Chronicle
786:Primary Chronicle
702:Byzantine emperor
586:. In the chapter
539:According to the
214:Holy Roman Empire
202:Tsardom of Russia
118:
117:
110:
92:
5902:
5842:
5832:
5831:
5801:Christmas Island
5487:Sovereign states
5474:
5467:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5400:Dependencies and
5104:Sovereign states
5092:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5045:
4992:Russian language
4935:National symbols
4555:
4554:
4474:
4431:Fishing industry
4421:Economic regions
4416:Defence industry
4379:
4378:
4123:
4122:
4077:Russian Far East
3976:Northwest Russia
3934:Cities and towns
3922:
3921:
3784:Russian Republic
3690:
3689:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3517:Etymology of Rus
3505:. (Moscow, 1993)
3487:E. Nakonechniy.
3483:
3481:
3479:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3416:
3398:
3395:
3389:
3365:
3357:
3346:
3345:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3292:Kersken (2021).
3289:
3283:
3277:
3268:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3205:
3199:
3182:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3058:. January 2003.
3050:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2899:. Archived from
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2849:, p. 55–56.
2844:
2838:
2837:, p. 30–38.
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2715:
2705:
2699:
2686:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2625:
2619:
2610:Ahmad ibn Rustah
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2369:
2358:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2305:
2296:
2285:The Viking World
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2149:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2043:by Metropolitan
2035:Originally, the
1953:
1930:
1854:
1782:Yuri II Boleslav
1768:
1762:Gesta Hungarorum
1662:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1633:Jacques Margeret
1563:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1538:
1531:
1457:
1416:
1415:
1405:Russian language
1401:
1395:
1389:
1324:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1245:
1230:
1143:
1121:Germanic peoples
1087:
1053:George Vernadsky
1041:
1024:", cognate with
790:Oleg of Novgorod
782:
744:Ahmad ibn Rustah
732:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
716:under the name "
660:literature, the
560:originated as a
514:George Vernadsky
416:
346:
331:
322:
313:
268:", while modern
230:
194:
183:
131:, also known as
125:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5820:
5788:
5779:
5760:Northern Cyprus
5746:
5739:
5481:
5478:
5448:
5443:
5401:
5395:
5381:Northern Cyprus
5363:
5357:
5278:North Macedonia
5099:
5096:
5066:
5061:
5048:
5041:
5028:
4987:Public holidays
4982:Political jokes
4967:Personification
4920:Names of Russia
4789:
4708:Life expectancy
4540:
4472:
4364:
4215:Law enforcement
4108:
4094:Protected areas
3991:Smolensk Upland
3986:Oka–Don Lowland
3966:European Russia
3907:
3846:
3732:Mongol invasion
3679:
3673:
3643:
3557:
3555:
3548:
3528:Wayback Machine
3515:Y. M. Suzumov.
3501:S. M Solovyov.
3477:
3475:
3468:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3379:
3366:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3290:
3286:
3280:Voloshchuk 2021
3278:
3271:
3264:Wayback Machine
3254:Serhii Plokhy,
3253:
3249:
3243:Voloshchuk 2021
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:Wayback Machine
3206:
3202:
3196:Wayback Machine
3183:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3133:Wayback Machine
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3019:Jennifer Speake
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2740:
2736:
2725:
2718:
2706:
2702:
2696:Wayback Machine
2687:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2626:
2622:
2612:, according to
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2437:
2433:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2316:Wayback Machine
2306:
2299:
2292:Wayback Machine
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2203:Name of Ukraine
2199:
2033:
2019:
1951:
1942:
1928:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1808:(or "Russian";
1802:Rus Voivodeship
1757:populus Russiae
1709:Roman the Great
1693:Kingdom of Rus'
1689:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1593:Northern Europe
1569:Alexander Zimin
1536:
1529:
1427:
1399:
1378:Mikhail of Tver
1349:(1515), on the
1301:
1288:
1280:Vladimir-Suzdal
1243:
1238:Kievan Ruthenia
1228:
1219:
1213:
1141:
1085:
1076:Igor Danilevsky
1039:
894:
888:
862:related to the
784:appears in the
780:
748:Veliky Novgorod
686:Louis the Pious
658:Old East Slavic
654:
648:
442:, while in the
434:and Swedish is
414:
344:
336:
329:
327:
320:
318:
311:
284:
278:
228:
192:
181:
168:Vladimir-Suzdal
123:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5890:Saga locations
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5836:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5402:other entities
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5353:United Kingdom
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5166:Czech Republic
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4501:Space industry
4498:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:Urban planning
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4177:
4175:Federal budget
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:North Caucasus
4081:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4018:Highest points
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3961:Extreme points
3958:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3774:Russian Empire
3771:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678: articles
3672:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3623:Zerkalo Nedeli
3618:
3602:Zerkalo Nedeli
3597:
3581:Zerkalo Nedeli
3568:Zerkalo Nedeli
3564:
3546:
3531:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3494:P. Pekarskiy.
3492:
3491:. (Lviv, 1998)
3485:
3466:
3444:
3423:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3369:
3367:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3323:
3304:
3284:
3269:
3267:(2017), p. 84.
3247:
3235:
3226:
3211:Sigurd Schmidt
3200:
3187:Moscow Tsardom
3177:
3167:
3158:
3149:
3136:
3114:
3105:
3093:
3084:|website=
3045:
3036:
3027:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2946:
2934:
2924:
2914:
2897:rusarchives.ru
2884:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2770:
2761:
2759:, p. 1–3.
2749:
2734:
2716:
2700:
2681:
2670:
2649:
2642:
2620:
2602:
2572:
2552:
2532:
2513:Ulfeldt, Jacob
2504:
2481:
2474:
2456:
2449:
2431:
2407:
2398:
2376:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2297:
2275:
2256:
2236:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2112:Union of Brest
2063:Megálē Rhōssía
2018:
2015:
1950:Karpats'ka Rus
1941:
1938:
1917:
1916:
1898:
1880:
1839:Main article:
1836:
1833:
1745:Rex Lodomeriae
1729:Rex Ruthenorum
1721:rex Ruthenorum
1688:
1685:
1674:Main article:
1671:
1668:
1657:(Russian:
1558:(Russian:
1551:Великая Россия
1548:(Russian:
1501:Samuel Collins
1493:Giles Fletcher
1426:
1423:
1319:(Russian:
1305:(Russian:
1287:
1284:
1212:
1209:
1151:Finnic peoples
1147:
1146:
1124:
1102:
1034:
1033:
1018:
1008:
927:
892:Anti-Normanism
890:Main article:
887:
884:
880:Regino of Prüm
872:regina Rugorum
761:Constantinople
698:Constantinople
647:
646:Early evidence
644:
551:Medieval Latin
454:means already
328:
319:
310:
301:is located in
277:
274:
141:Eastern Europe
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5907:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:South Ossetia
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5414:Faroe Islands
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5386:South Ossetia
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5238:Liechtenstein
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5093:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Seven Wonders
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4972:Playing cards
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4667:Mental health
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Ethnic groups
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Civil defense
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Media freedom
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Criminal code
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4140:Civil Service
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Russian state
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:Mirror Weekly
3625:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3607:Mirror Weekly
3604:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3586:Mirror Weekly
3583:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:Mirror Weekly
3570:
3569:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3547:9789004469709
3543:
3539:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:Hakon Stang,
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3473:
3469:
3467:9785457558656
3463:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3430:
3426:
3424:9781802700565
3420:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3387:
3383:
3382:add the ISBNs
3377:
3375:
3370:This article
3368:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3311:
3307:
3305:9789004466555
3301:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3282:, p. 65.
3281:
3276:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3251:
3245:, p. 64.
3244:
3239:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:Vernadsky V.
3181:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3077:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2928:
2918:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2879:
2873:, p. 57.
2872:
2867:
2861:, p. 61.
2860:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2822:
2813:
2807:, p. 13.
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2781:Halperin 2022
2777:
2775:
2765:
2758:
2757:Halperin 2022
2753:
2745:
2738:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2569:
2567:
2555:
2553:9780300116786
2549:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2475:5-85803-117-X
2471:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2402:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2257:9780521035521
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2232:Halperin 2022
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:Little Russia
2078:
2077:Mikrà Rhōssía
2068:
2064:
2058:Μεγάλη Ῥωσσία
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1713:dux Rutenorum
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:Regnum Rusiae
1698:
1694:
1683:
1677:
1667:
1664:
1656:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1421:) in Greek).
1420:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:Русская земля
1318:
1314:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:
921:
917:
916:
911:
910:
909:
907:
903:
899:
893:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
858:, an ancient
857:
853:
849:
845:
844:
839:
834:
831:
827:
826:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
775:
773:
770:
766:
762:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
738:, and by the
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:recount that
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
653:
643:
641:
637:
633:
632:Jacob Ulfeldt
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:and from the
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Johann Boemus
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
543:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Komi language
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:Northern Sami
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
343:
335:
326:
317:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
236:
231:
224:
223:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
188:
184:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
5785:Dependencies
5715:Turkmenistan
5680:Saudi Arabia
5391:Transnistria
4945:Coat of arms
4905:Martial arts
4813:Army culture
4803:Architecture
4773:Witch trials
4728:Prostitution
4674:Human rights
4607:Demographics
4521:Trade unions
4491:Shipbuilding
4451:Homelessness
4411:Central Bank
4406:Car industry
4245:Conservatism
4155:Constitution
4150:Conscription
3823:Eastern Bloc
3813:Soviet Union
3806:Russian SFSR
3736:Feudal Rus'
3636:in Ukrainian
3627:
3621:
3615:in Ukrainian
3606:
3600:
3594:in Ukrainian
3585:
3579:
3572:
3566:
3556:. Retrieved
3536:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3457:
3452:
3436:. Retrieved
3410:
3391:
3386:citation bot
3380:Please help
3371:
3342:the original
3336:
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3294:
3287:
3255:
3250:
3238:
3229:
3203:
3186:
3180:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3122:
3117:
3108:
3103:, p. 4.
3096:
3064:. Retrieved
3054:
3048:
3039:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2949:
2927:
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2901:the original
2896:
2887:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2800:
2795:, p. 3.
2788:
2764:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2728:
2703:
2684:
2673:
2657:
2652:
2633:
2623:
2618:, March 1985
2613:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2584:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2557:. Retrieved
2542:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2517:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2465:
2459:
2441:The Russians
2440:
2434:
2425:
2420:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2363:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2283:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2246:
2239:
2234:, p. 7.
2152:
2146:happened in
2093:
2076:
2072:Μικρὰ Ῥωσσία
2067:Great Russia
2062:
2037:metropolitan
2034:
1998:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1913:Ruś Czerwona
1912:
1909:Chervona Rus
1908:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1850:
1844:
1830:
1801:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:were styled
1728:
1727:was crowned
1720:
1716:
1712:
1690:
1665:
1654:
1644:
1636:
1620:
1616:
1604:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1566:
1555:
1546:Great Russia
1545:
1542:Russian land
1541:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1515:, who wrote
1508:
1504:
1503:, author of
1499:(1591), and
1496:
1476:
1464:
1449:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1367:
1362:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1317:Russian land
1316:
1312:
1299:
1289:
1249:
1241:
1240:. The term
1237:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1204:
1201:social class
1196:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1064:
1059:or from the
1047:name of the
1037:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1010:
1000:
992:
985:
978:
970:
962:
958:
946:
942:
934:
930:
913:
895:
871:
868:Olga of Kiev
851:
847:
841:
837:
835:
823:
821:
812:
800:
798:
785:
778:
776:
771:
764:
758:
753:
746:who visited
727:
723:
722:
717:
705:
688:'s court at
681:
677:
669:
665:
655:
639:
636:Tsar Ivan IV
628:Moscum amnem
627:
624:Moskva River
619:
587:
579:
575:
571:
566:
557:
553:
546:
540:
538:
533:
529:
521:
512:
507:
503:
499:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:Östergötland
468:Södermanland
451:
447:
439:
435:
412:
403:. The local
400:
396:
392:
388:
368:
360:
352:
341:
339:
247:
226:
220:
218:
209:
205:
190:
186:
179:
175:
165:
160:
156:
149:Pereiaslavl'
121:
119:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
5844:Asia portal
5745:States with
5665:Philippines
5605:South Korea
5600:North Korea
5495:Afghanistan
5429:Isle of Man
5364:recognition
5338:Switzerland
5273:Netherlands
4997:tea culture
4850:Fairy tales
4713:Open access
4686:Immigration
4647:Gun control
4386:Agriculture
4355:Term limits
4265:Martial law
4260:Nationalism
4255:Irredentism
4250:Imperialism
4033:Caspian Sea
3949:Environment
3944:Earthquakes
3840:Union State
3828:Dissolution
3727:Kievan Rus'
3717:Early Slavs
3558:10 February
3478:10 February
3384:or run the
3332:Vasmer, Max
3316:13 February
2595:15 December
2150:1685–1722.
1940:Later usage
1883:"Black Rus"
1861:"White Rus"
1816:) in 1434.
1741:Rex Russiae
1587:, the term
1513:John Milton
1446:Jeremiah II
1431:of all Rus'
1411:(Russia is
1393:rex Russiae
1268:Kievan Rus'
1049:Volga River
997:Volga River
967:water nymph
876:continuator
809:Kievan Rus'
799:Later, the
792:during his
736:Volga River
596:Caspian Sea
460:Tor Karsten
291:Scandinavia
282:Rus' people
137:Kievan Rus'
5859:Categories
5725:Uzbekistan
5700:Tajikistan
5615:Kyrgyzstan
5595:Kazakhstan
5515:Bangladesh
5505:Azerbaijan
5308:San Marino
5268:Montenegro
5248:Luxembourg
5228:Kazakhstan
5131:Azerbaijan
5002:Television
4977:Philosophy
4910:Mass media
4900:Literature
4895:Inventions
4657:Healthcare
4592:Corruption
4582:Censorship
4473:(currency)
4350:Separatism
4295:Opposition
4280:Neo-Nazism
4270:Monarchism
4240:Liberalism
4235:Propaganda
4195:Government
4062:North Asia
3863:Journalism
3722:East Slavs
3712:Sarmatians
3632:in Russian
3611:in Russian
3590:in Russian
3521:in Russian
3438:1 February
3101:Kloss 2012
3021:(editor).
2871:Kloss 2012
2859:Kloss 2012
2847:Kloss 2012
2835:Kloss 2012
2805:Kloss 2012
2793:Kloss 2012
2268:2 February
2209:References
2120:Belarusian
2094:After the
2089:Novogrudok
1895:Ruś Czarna
1891:Chorna Rus
1680:See also:
1452:(English:
1439:coronation
1311:) and the
1260:Pereiaslav
1242:Kievan Rus
1236:, ь), or
1223:Kievan Rus
1193:Varangians
1105:Red-haired
975:stream bed
955:Pereiaslav
906:Soviet era
830:Varangians
694:Varangians
662:East Slavs
650:See also:
592:Baltic Sea
496:Ivar Aasen
492:roðskarlar
334:Gotlanders
245:identity.
133:Varangians
98:March 2016
68:newspapers
5885:Ethnonyms
5811:Hong Kong
5765:Palestine
5690:Sri Lanka
5685:Singapore
5565:Indonesia
5419:Gibraltar
5243:Lithuania
4860:Festivals
4753:Sociology
4703:Languages
4622:Education
4526:Transport
4360:Terrorism
4205:Judiciary
4199:Apparatus
4165:Elections
4130:Anarchism
4104:Far North
4055:Volcanoes
4040:Mountains
3917:Geography
3796:Civil war
3707:Scythians
3394:June 2009
3198:(Russian)
3086:ignored (
3076:cite book
2954:Tsardom".
2214:Citations
2176:His rival
2153:When the
2124:Ukrainian
2003:Hungarian
1987:Hungarian
1975:Hungarian
1971:Mukachevo
1959:, in the
1901:"Red Rus"
1873:Ruś Biała
1825:Peremyshl
1625:Roxolania
1403:— in the
1396:. Later,
1387:rex albus
1351:icon case
1347:Yaroslavl
1313:Rus' land
1264:Chernihiv
1234:soft sign
1095:Ros River
1078:, in his
1036:The name
920:Sarmatian
742:traveler
674:Varangian
600:Don River
430:name for
357:Old Norse
276:Etymology
219:The name
153:Chernihiv
120:The word
5834:Category
5755:Abkhazia
5705:Thailand
5660:Pakistan
5640:Mongolia
5635:Maldives
5630:Malaysia
5530:Cambodia
5439:Svalbard
5424:Guernsey
5371:Abkhazia
5323:Slovenia
5318:Slovakia
5293:Portugal
5151:Bulgaria
5052:Category
4930:Nobility
4890:Internet
4885:Heraldry
4880:Graffiti
4865:Folklore
4808:Armorial
4738:Religion
4723:Polygamy
4662:HIV/AIDS
4642:Funerals
4632:Feminism
4602:Deafness
4587:Citizens
4577:Cannabis
4562:Abortion
4506:Taxation
4446:Gambling
4436:Forestry
4285:Military
4118:Politics
4099:Wildlife
4045:Caucasus
4008:Glaciers
3888:Military
3873:Internet
3851:By topic
3745:Vladimir
3740:Novgorod
3694:Timeline
3552:Archived
3524:Archived
3472:Archived
3450:(2012).
3429:Archived
3334:(1986).
3310:Archived
3260:Archived
3219:Archived
3192:Archived
3129:Archived
3066:17 March
3060:Archived
2907:17 March
2692:Archived
2589:Archived
2515:(1608).
2382:Archived
2312:Archived
2288:Archived
2262:Archived
2197:See also
2041:Vladimir
1999:Pryashiv
1983:Uzhhorod
1922:Ruthenia
1676:Ruthenia
1645:Moscovia
1641:Henry IV
1631:captain
1621:Moscovia
1589:Moscovia
1577:Moscovia
1450:Moscovia
1057:Roxolani
1005:Scythian
983:Sanskrit
922:(i. e.,
915:Roxolani
724:Rusiyyah
620:Moscovia
576:Ruthenia
558:Ruthenia
534:Roxolani
530:Roxolani
508:Rossmann
500:Rossfolk
488:roðsmenn
377:Estonian
365:Roslagen
307:Svealand
299:Roslagen
222:Ruthenia
161:Ruthenia
5880:Exonyms
5730:Vietnam
5645:Myanmar
5625:Lebanon
5555:Georgia
5510:Bahrain
5500:Armenia
5348:Ukraine
5298:Romania
5258:Moldova
5216:Ireland
5211:Iceland
5206:Hungary
5196:Germany
5191:Georgia
5181:Finland
5176:Estonia
5171:Denmark
5156:Croatia
5141:Belgium
5136:Belarus
5126:Austria
5121:Armenia
5116:Andorra
5111:Albania
5043:Outline
4855:Fashion
4845:Fashion
4833:Cuisine
4795:Culture
4783:in army
4768:Wedding
4763:Suicide
4758:Smoking
4743:Slavery
4718:Orphans
4691:Illegal
4567:Alcohol
4550:Society
4516:Tourism
4396:Banking
4374:Economy
4219:Prisons
4067:Siberia
4023:Islands
4003:Geology
3939:Climate
3929:Borders
3893:Outline
3868:Judaism
3858:Economy
3685:History
3353:Sources
2189:of the
2181:of the
2007:Eperjes
1979:Munkács
1877:Belarus
1869:Belarus
1585:Jesuits
1489:England
1455:Muscovy
1419:Rhōssía
1409:Rossiya
1353:of the
1252:Dnieper
1099:Roshane
1045:Iranian
990:Avestan
981:to the
963:rusalka
961:(dew),
949:, near
939:Ukraine
924:Iranian
817:Normans
740:Persian
714:Photius
682:Annales
670:rusichi
608:forests
604:beeswax
594:to the
554:Russia,
504:Rosskar
464:Uppland
436:Ročinma
373:Finnish
353:*Ruotsi
303:Uppland
206:Muscovy
198:Ivan IV
129:Vikings
82:scholar
5775:Taiwan
5710:Turkey
5675:Russia
5610:Kuwait
5590:Jordan
5580:Israel
5540:Cyprus
5525:Brunei
5520:Bhutan
5434:Jersey
5376:Kosovo
5343:Turkey
5333:Sweden
5313:Serbia
5303:Russia
5288:Poland
5283:Norway
5263:Monaco
5233:Latvia
5201:Greece
5186:France
5161:Cyprus
5057:Portal
5012:Sports
4940:Anthem
4828:Cinema
4823:Ballet
4733:Racism
4696:Labour
4652:Health
4617:Doping
4471:Ruble
4456:Mining
4426:Energy
4089:Rivers
3998:Fjords
3898:Postal
3750:Moscow
3676:Russia
3544:
3464:
3421:
3372:lacks
3302:
2711:
2640:
2559:7 July
2550:
2525:7 July
2501:(1–2).
2472:
2447:
2391:14 May
2374:
2309:Russia
2254:
2136:Polish
2085:Halych
2029:, and
1995:Prešov
1993:) and
1991:Ungvár
1934:Russia
1743:, and
1629:French
1617:Russia
1605:Rossia
1601:Russia
1524:Russia
1509:Russia
1487:). In
1475:) or "
1414:Ῥωσσία
1361:, the
1343:portal
1335:Russia
1331:Russia
1262:, and
1183:Sweden
1179:Ruotsi
1026:arctos
1007:name.)
986:rasā́-
941:, the
852:Ruzari
680:. The
666:ruskie
616:Moscow
606:, its
547:Russia
526:Alanic
456:Russia
432:Sweden
424:Russia
420:Sweden
409:Permic
405:Finnic
401:Ruoŧŧa
397:Roodsi
393:Rootsi
389:Ruotsi
349:Sweden
332:
330:
323:
321:
316:Swedes
314:
312:
295:Sweden
254:Moscow
210:Russia
187:Russia
176:Russia
157:Russia
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
5816:Macau
5735:Yemen
5695:Syria
5670:Qatar
5650:Nepal
5585:Japan
5560:India
5550:Egypt
5535:China
5409:Åland
5328:Spain
5253:Malta
5223:Italy
4962:Opera
4915:Music
4778:Women
4679:LGBTQ
4597:Crime
4531:Waste
4050:Urals
4028:Lakes
3456:[
3432:(PDF)
3415:(PDF)
3374:ISBNs
2922:Rome"
2385:(PDF)
2368:(PDF)
2128:Latin
2053:Greek
1966:Rusyn
1952:'
1929:'
1853:'
1810:Latin
1749:Papal
1697:Latin
1537:'
1530:'
1481:Latin
1469:Latin
1460:Latin
1400:'
1339:Rus'
1327:Rusia
1302:'
1244:'
1229:'
1168:Perm'
1156:Chud'
1153:—the
1142:'
1113:-ichi
1086:'
1065:ronsa
1063:term
1061:Aryan
1040:'
1030:ursus
1015:Русый
1011:Rusiy
999:, Ῥᾶ
993:Raŋhā
971:ruslo
947:Rusna
864:Goths
856:Rugii
848:Ruzia
843:Ruzzi
781:'
769:Greek
710:Danes
572:Rusia
562:Latin
518:Alans
484:Roðer
480:roðin
476:Roðer
448:Roćmu
440:Ročin
415:'
369:Roden
361:rods-
345:'
325:Geats
243:Rusyn
229:'
193:'
182:'
124:'
89:JSTOR
75:books
5655:Oman
5620:Laos
5575:Iraq
5570:Iran
4950:Flag
4838:Wine
4818:Arts
3883:LGBT
3767:Army
3634:and
3613:and
3592:and
3560:2023
3542:ISBN
3480:2023
3462:ISBN
3440:2023
3419:ISBN
3318:2023
3300:ISBN
3088:help
3068:2017
2909:2017
2709:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2597:2022
2561:2019
2548:ISBN
2527:2019
2470:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2393:2016
2372:ISBN
2270:2014
2252:ISBN
2087:and
1755:and
1619:and
1571:and
1540:and
1390:and
1308:Русь
1256:Kiev
1197:Rus'
1174:Sum'
1162:Ves'
1128:Ros-
1109:-ane
1028:and
1022:bear
979:rosa
959:rosa
953:and
951:Kiev
945:and
918:, a
912:The
850:and
838:Ruzi
805:Kiev
765:Rhos
726:or
718:Rhos
706:Rhos
567:Rus'
522:Ruxs
470:and
428:Veps
422:and
407:and
399:and
383:and
381:Võro
151:and
145:Kiev
61:news
5787:and
4210:Law
3575:):
3215:RAN
2662:doi
2318:,"
2001:;
1981:),
1927:Rus
1851:Rus
1747:in
1719:or
1663:).
1603:or
1564:).
1535:Rus
1528:Rus
1479:" (
1467:" (
1398:Rus
1384:as
1329:or
1315:or
1300:Rus
1227:Rus
1140:Rus
1138:in
1117:-s'
1111:or
1084:Rus
1069:Ros
1038:Rus
969:),
943:Ros
935:ros
931:rus
878:of
819:).
779:Rus
772:Ῥῶς
728:Rūs
720:."
696:in
656:In
612:fur
582:by
574:or
524:in
490:or
478:or
452:Roć
413:Rus
367:or
342:Rus
227:Rus
191:Rus
180:Rus
139:in
122:Rus
44:by
5861::
3550:.
3530:.)
3470:.
3427:.
3308:.
3272:^
3080::
3078:}}
3074:{{
2937:^
2895:.
2773:^
2719:^
2583:.
2563:.
2499:14
2497:.
2493:.
2410:^
2380:.
2353:^
2300:^
2260:.
2222:^
2174:.
2148:c.
2138::
2134:;
2130::
2091:.
2065:,
2025:,
2005::
1989::
1977::
1911:,
1907:,
1893:,
1889:,
1871:,
1867:,
1812::
1767:c.
1739:,
1715:,
1707:.
1699::
1607:.
1483::
1471::
1282:.
1171:,
1165:,
1159:,
1123:);
1001:Rā
882:.
866:.
846:,
840:,
815:.
813:cf
570:.
510:.
506:,
502:,
466:,
450:/
438:/
395:,
391:,
379:,
375:,
309:.
216:.
155:.
147:,
5473:e
5466:t
5459:v
5091:e
5084:t
5077:v
4221:)
4217:(
4201:)
4197:(
4186:)
4182:(
3668:e
3661:t
3654:v
3638:.
3626:(
3617:.
3605:(
3596:.
3584:(
3571:(
3562:.
3482:.
3442:.
3396:)
3392:(
3388:.
3378:.
3320:.
3090:)
3070:.
2911:.
2668:.
2664::
2646:.
2599:.
2529:.
2478:.
2453:.
2395:.
2307:"
2272:.
2118:(
2075:(
2061:(
1997:(
1985:(
1973:(
1948:(
1915:)
1903:(
1897:)
1885:(
1879:.
1863:(
1765:(
1695:(
1463:"
1417:(
1145:.
1136:u
1132:o
1101:;
1032:.
1013:(
973:(
965:(
933:/
767:(
626:(
618:(
351:(
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
