1379:
1502:
2032:
2016:
1830:
2123:
1973:
1526:
2004:
1662:
1032:
2103:
1948:
2081:
2066:
1932:
2047:
1989:
4166:
1302:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance. The dynamism of the energetic dance is depicted with the whirling hair which spread out in thin strands as a fan behind his head. The details in the Nataraja artwork have been variously interpreted by Indian scholars since the 12th century for its symbolic meaning and theological essence. Nataraja is a well known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, in particular as one of the finest illustrations of
4690:
4700:
45:
126:
717:
1200:
1298:). His body, fingers, ankles, neck, face, head, ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items, which vary with historic period and region. He is surrounded by a ring of flames, standing on a lotus pedestal, lifting his left leg (or in rare cases, the right leg) and balancing / trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
1541:
James
Lochtefeld states that Nataraja symbolizes "the connection between religion and the arts", and it represents Shiva as the lord of dance, encompassing all "creation, destruction and all things in between". The Nataraja iconography incorporates contrasting elements, a fearless celebration of the
1202:
3766:
He also points out that these stances are very similar to Yoga Asanas, and in the
Gopuram walls at Chidambaram, at least twenty different classical Yoga Asanas are depicted by the dancers, including Dhanurasana, Chakrasana, Vrikshasana, Natarajasana, Trivikramasana, Ananda Tandavasana, Padmasana,
1867:
Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unifies ancient mythology, religious art
1206:
1205:
1201:
1533:
Coomaraswamy summarizes the significance of Shiva's entire dance as an image of his rhythmic or musical play which is the source of all movement within the universe, represented by the arch surrounding Shiva. Secondly, the purpose of his dance is to release the souls of all men from illusion. And
1512:
Padma Kaimal questions some of these interpretations by referring to a 10th-century text and
Nataraja icons, suggesting that the Nataraja statue may have symbolized different things to different people or in different contexts, such as Shiva being the lord of cremation or as an emblem of Chola
1207:
1856:. The statue, symbolizing Shiva's cosmic dance of creation and destruction, was given to CERN by the Indian government to celebrate the research center's long association with India. A special plaque next to the Shiva statue explains the metaphor of Shiva's cosmic dance with quotations from
1350:), which symbolically represent the cosmic fire that in Hindu cosmology creates everything and consumes everything, in cyclic existence or cycle of life. The fire also represents the evils, dangers, heat, warmth, light and joys of daily life. The arch of fire emerges from two
1585:
and a dance posture of Shiva. The details in the
Nataraja artwork have attracted commentaries and secondary literature such as poems detailing its theological significance. It is one of the widely studied and supreme illustrations of Hindu art from the medieval era.
1204:
1821:
In the contemporary Hindu culture of Bali in
Indonesia, Siwa (Shiva) Nataraja is the god who created dance. Siwa and his dance as Nataraja was also celebrated in the art of Java Indonesia when Hinduism thrived there, while in Cambodia he was referred to as
1366:
His legs are bent, which suggests an energetic dance. His long, matted tresses, are shown to be loose and flying out in thin strands during the dance, spread into a fan behind his head, because of the wildness and ecstasy of the
1378:
1468:
The lower left hand is bent downwards at the wrist with the palm facing inward, we also note that this arm crosses Naṭarāja’s chest, concealing his heart from view. It represents tirodhāna, which means “occlusion,
2122:
2174:
In
Pedarapu Chenna Reddy, ed. History, Culture and Archaeological Studies Recent Trends, Commemoration Volume to Prof. M.L.K. Murthy, Vol. II, Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, Pp. 613-634, PLS. 54.1-6
1972:
1203:
1215:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. The two most common forms of Shiva's dance are the
1513:
dynasty. In contrast, Sharada
Srinivasan questions the link to Chola, and has presented archaeological evidence suggesting that Nataraja bronzes and dancing Shiva artwork in South India was a
2031:
926:(The twelve books of Southern Shaivism) state that Nataraja is the form of Shiva in which he performs his functions of creation, destruction, preservation, and is also attributed with
922:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. Tamil devotional texts such as the
2102:
2015:
3749:
955:
in 6th century CE, which is known by
Archeological Survey of India and Archeological Survey of Tamil Nadu as the oldest known Nataraja sculpture in India. The stone
3538:
1685:, which includes an inscription, and is dated to about the 6th century CE. The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdom.
3984:
1872:
Though named "Nataraja bronzes" in
Western literature, the Chola Nataraja artworks are mostly in copper, and a few are in brass, typically cast by the
2080:
1374:
personified as a goddess, from the Hindu mythology where the danger of a mighty river is creatively tied to a calm river for the regeneration of life.
1681:(Karnataka), by around the 6th century. One of the earliest known Nataraja artworks has been found in the archaeological site at Asanapat village in
1228:(dance of bliss, the vigorous form of dance), associated with the destruction of weary worldviews—weary perspectives and lifestyles. In essence, the
1727:, now held at the Gwalior Archaeological Museum. Similarly, Nataraja artwork has been found in archaeological sites in the Himalayan region such as
1359:
He looks calm, even through the continuous chain of creation and destruction that maintains the universe, that shows the supreme tranquility of the
1497:
The slightly smiling face of Shiva represents his calmness despite being immersed in the contrasting forces of universe and his energetic dance.
1613:) to be one," while "an earlier hymn to Nataraja by Manikkavachakar identifies him with the unitary supreme consciousness, by using Tamil word
1113:) is another alternate equivalent term for Nataraja found in 1st-millennium sculptures and archeological sites across the Indian subcontinent.
2065:
1742:, of various heights typically less than four feet. Nataraja reliefs are found in historic settings in many parts of South East Asia such as
1243:, the historic Nataraja artworks found in different parts of India are set in geometric patterns and along symmetric lines, particularly the
930:
and the act of blessing his devotees. Thus, Nataraja is considered one of the highest forms of Shiva in Tamil Nadu, and the sculpture or the
2003:
867:, and is a well-known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, as one of the finest illustrations of
1931:
1542:
joys of dance while being surrounded by fire, untouched by forces of ignorance and evil, signifying a spirituality that transcends all
4028:
1480:), urging the viewer to seek the inner wisdom, self-realization. The three eyes alternatively symbolize an equilibrium of the three
4736:
1947:
2046:
1921:
is a posture resembling
Nataraja and named for him in the 20th century. A similar pose appears in the classical Indian dance form
1501:
5410:
76:
4628:
4504:
3935:
3906:
3877:
3796:
3663:
3647:
3620:
3523:
3469:
3293:
3266:
3239:
3206:
3043:
2892:
2759:
2685:
2643:
2613:
2557:
2524:
2480:
2370:
2340:
2306:
2254:
2205:
934:
idol of Nataraja is worshipped in almost all Shiva temples across Tamil Nadu. It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
3753:
1988:
2869:
in an Old Dhaka temple ... a stone statue of Nateshwar, a depiction of dancing Shiva on the back of his bull-carrier Nandi
1766:. The dancing Shiva became a part of Chola era processions and religious festivals, a practice that continued thereafter.
4509:
1408:
Four-armed figures are most typical, but ten-armed forms are also found from various places and periods, for example the
1087:, with all three terms meaning "Lord of the dance". However, Nataraja and Nateshwar represent different forms of Shiva.
3732:
2784:
2388:"அம்பலவாணன், Ambalavanan, Boy Baby Name (Tamil Name), complete collection of boy baby name, girl baby name, tamil name"
948:
3856:
3593:
3566:
3496:
3393:
2987:
2923:
2852:
2839:
1152:(Tillai). The dance of Shiva in Chidambaram forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja. Koothan(ta:
745:
2808:
1669:
Stone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India, such as at the
1476:. The eyes represent the sun, the moon and the third has been interpreted as the inner eye, or symbol of knowledge (
967:, by around the 6th century, are also among the oldest Nataraja sculptures in India. Ancient Tamil songs during the
940:
poses, holding various symbols which vary with historic period and region, trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
3996:
1370:
On his right side, meshed in with one of the flying strands of his hair near his forehead, is typically the river
5477:
1007:, of various heights typically less than four feet, some over. Nataraja reliefs have been found in many parts of
4603:
3020:
1636:
1517:
innovation, tracing back to 7th to 9th-centuries, and its symbolism should be pushed back by a few centuries.
5400:
4021:
3321:
1628:
1704:
with underlying philosophical concepts of cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, which is also found in
999:, dating Nataraja worship way before the 7th century CE. Around the 8th to 10th century, statues emerged in
4729:
4489:
4456:
3070:
2578:
1894:
1697:
1570:
1145:
992:
1829:
1731:, albeit in with somewhat different dance pose and iconography, such as just two arms or with eight arms.
1251:) that in the Indian tradition means the interdependence and fusion of masculine and feminine principles.
3946:
1236:
are just two aspects of Shiva’s nature; for he destroys in order to create, tearing down to build again.
2170:"If this is Citambaram-Nataraja, then where is Tillai-Kūttaṉ? An Introspective Reading of Tēvāram Hymns"
5497:
5415:
4934:
4930:
4572:
4451:
3337:
3325:
2332:
1719:
Archaeological discoveries have yielded a red Nataraja sandstone statue, from 9th to 10th century from
2226:
401:
5492:
5425:
4547:
4494:
4204:
255:
4249:
3945:
Srinivasan, Sharada (2004). "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': On Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze".
2961:
2150:
5263:
4542:
4183:
4014:
2298:
1525:
1352:
270:
1472:
The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead, which symbolize the triune in
5472:
4722:
4582:
4056:
3341:
368:
3811:
3423:"Catalogue of Antiquities from East Asia in the Museums of art in U. S. A. Europe and India (5)"
3231:
5482:
5384:
4794:
4577:
4552:
4499:
2022:
703:
139:
3788:
3461:
3196:
2677:
2605:
2360:
2109:
947:
The classical form of the depiction appears in a pillar of rock cut temple at Seeyamangalam –
5502:
5420:
4633:
4562:
2915:
2437:
2195:
738:
587:
223:
3925:
3256:
2326:
1661:
1546:. Furthermore, Carole and Pasquale note that the deity showcases the eternal cycle of life (
5405:
5133:
4481:
4284:
4256:
4121:
3693:
2387:
556:
275:
190:
5344:
3539:
Sharada Srinivasan, "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': on Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze"
3151:
drum as one of the attributes of Shiva in his dancing representation see: Jansen, page 44.
8:
5487:
4759:
4532:
4527:
4190:
4047:
3061:
2751:
2543:
1506:
1069:
640:
218:
3827:
2945:
2412:
1754:, and central Asia. The oldest free-standing stone sculptures of Nataraja were built by
1360:
1031:
303:
4557:
4466:
4313:
4291:
3960:
3224:
2723:
2090:
650:
454:
250:
513:
5430:
5349:
4699:
4693:
4675:
4613:
4263:
4155:
3931:
3912:
3902:
3883:
3873:
3852:
3833:
3792:
3781:
3728:
3643:
3616:
3589:
3562:
3519:
3492:
3465:
3454:
3389:
3385:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
3289:
3262:
3235:
3202:
3039:
3016:
2919:
2909:
2888:
2780:
2755:
2681:
2670:
2639:
2609:
2598:
2575:
2553:
2520:
2476:
2366:
2336:
2302:
2250:
2201:
1759:
1632:
762:
343:
109:
3964:
1072:, the name is related to Shiva's fame as the "Lord of Dancers" or "King of Actors".
5313:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4537:
4461:
4413:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4328:
4308:
4235:
3956:
3952:
3718:
3434:
3345:
2715:
2113:
1957:
1914:
1877:
1640:
1594:
1319:
952:
731:
683:
660:
522:
518:
498:
486:
396:
246:
3671:
3639:
Prambanan: Sculpture and Dance in Ancient Java : a Study in Dance Iconography
2802:"Shiva Nataraja: A Study in Myth, Iconography, and the Meaning of a Sacred Symbol"
1538:, which is portrayed as the center of the universe, is actually within the heart.
1419:
The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a
5378:
5203:
4973:
4703:
4598:
4428:
4376:
4116:
3896:
3867:
3846:
3637:
3610:
3583:
3556:
3513:
3486:
3438:
3383:
3283:
3132:
3033:
2882:
2745:
2633:
2547:
2514:
2470:
2292:
2244:
2132:
is a rare Pala image that shows the ten-armed Nataraja dancing on his bull, Nandi
2094:
2086:
1995:
1701:
1693:
1674:
1008:
968:
927:
721:
406:
330:
265:
1696:
period between 7th century and mid-9th centuries CE. Nataraja was worshipped at
5258:
4988:
4875:
4829:
4745:
4567:
4174:
3422:
2072:
1815:
1724:
1709:
1705:
1562:
1291:
1221:(the gentle form of dance), associated with the creation of the world, and the
1133:
1121:
984:
838:
782:
630:
20:
3349:
2739:
2737:
1551:
1144:”. This form is present in most Shiva temples, and is the prime deity in the
5466:
5371:
5198:
5093:
5078:
5043:
4963:
4860:
4809:
4471:
4443:
4350:
4074:
3723:
2950:. Robarts - University of Toronto. New York Sunwise Turn. pp. 57–58, 65.
2801:
2706:
1938:
1922:
1889:
1884:
1860:
1755:
1656:
1578:
1256:
936:
814:
655:
610:
3887:
3100:
2538:
2536:
1447:-hand") is used to hold the drum. It symbolizes rhythm of creation and time.
5293:
5243:
5228:
5028:
5003:
4968:
4885:
4834:
4396:
4371:
4270:
4242:
4197:
4165:
3916:
3837:
2734:
2129:
1953:
1918:
1799:
1774:
1739:
1713:
1678:
1670:
1602:
1590:
1566:
1409:
1401:
1339:
1035:
1004:
964:
960:
860:
833:
534:
503:
473:
353:
1773:
connotations is also argued on the basis of the testimony of the hymns of
1688:
Literary evidences shows that the bronze representation of Shiva's ananda-
1442:
1435:
1421:
991:, popularly known as "Nalvar" (The four) extol Nataraja and describes the
775:
5308:
5298:
5208:
5148:
5103:
4993:
4983:
4958:
4948:
4865:
4784:
4774:
4519:
4405:
4340:
4277:
2576:
Shiva as Lord of the Dance (Nataraja), Chola period, c. 10th/11th century
2533:
2037:
1979:
1898:
1842:
1770:
1762:. Nataraja gained special significance and became a symbol of royalty in
1535:
1460:
1392:
1240:
1149:
698:
567:
563:
526:
88:
3979:Śiva's Dance: Iconography and Dance Practice in South and Southeast Asia
3978:
3084:
2275:
19:"Nateshwar" redirects here. For Archaeological ruins in Bangladesh, see
5328:
5283:
5273:
5253:
5213:
5143:
5018:
5008:
4978:
4764:
4658:
4433:
4386:
4099:
3990:
3367:
3170:
3065:
2727:
2056:
1902:
1763:
1735:
1610:
1459:
A cobra uncoils from his lower right forearm, while his hand is in the
1423:
1039:
1012:
1000:
620:
363:
358:
171:
3118:
India - Mahabharata. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India)
1554:, and how a human being should conquer spiritual ignorance and attain
5323:
5268:
5238:
5158:
5153:
5113:
5058:
4953:
4915:
4824:
4819:
4423:
4211:
4138:
4094:
1857:
1743:
1413:
1396:
1303:
976:
923:
868:
825:. The pose and artwork are described in many Hindu texts such as the
635:
615:
605:
508:
459:
391:
308:
298:
260:
213:
2719:
2169:
577:
44:
5446:
5248:
5168:
5138:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5038:
5013:
4998:
4844:
4418:
4381:
4318:
4143:
4104:
4079:
4069:
4037:
3201:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 147, entry for Chidambaram.
3134:
Silpa Prakasa Medieval Orissan Sanskrit Text on Temple Architecture
2052:
1751:
1618:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1299:
1248:
1047:
1020:
996:
988:
972:
941:
864:
850:
818:
625:
464:
161:
156:
117:
5223:
3608:
2286:
2284:
2278:, Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol. 21, No. 2, pages 208-216
5451:
5318:
5303:
5218:
5183:
5128:
5088:
5048:
5023:
4910:
4880:
4779:
4714:
4670:
4133:
4126:
2881:
Brunner-Lachaux, Hélène; Goodall, Dominic; Padoux, André (2007).
1982:(261AD) Inscription at Keonjhar district of Odisha 3rd Century AD
1807:
1728:
1689:
1644:
1582:
1555:
1514:
1346:
He dances within a circular or cyclically closed arch of flames (
1233:
1224:
1101:
827:
822:
665:
572:
530:
386:
208:
185:
4001:
3035:
Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period
2354:
2352:
2197:
Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India
1284:
text, and the back hand holding a musical instrument, usually a
5354:
5278:
5233:
5178:
5163:
5123:
5083:
5073:
5063:
4870:
4839:
4814:
4769:
4665:
4653:
4323:
4226:
4222:
4111:
4084:
3951:. Vol. 36. The Journal of Modern Craft. pp. 432–450.
3511:
3148:
2281:
1853:
1848:
In 2004, a 2 meter statue of the dancing Shiva was unveiled at
1838:
1811:
1794:
1789:
1720:
1682:
1543:
1371:
1286:
956:
931:
693:
688:
645:
582:
428:
424:
415:
178:
3130:
1624:." This may point to an "osmosis" of ideas in medieval India.
1494:
or Muyalaka, who symbolizes ignorance which Nataraja destroys.
1314:
The dance of Nataraja is revealed in a story mentioned in the
125:
5288:
5193:
5188:
5173:
5068:
5053:
5033:
4943:
4920:
4148:
4064:
3402:
3176:
2962:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION"
2349:
2151:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்Sagarva Bharath Foundation"
1785:
1781:
1780:
In medieval era artworks and texts on dancing Shiva found in
1574:
1430:
1388:
1273:
1229:
1217:
980:
855:
810:
411:
325:
320:
241:
195:
166:
149:
68:
3005:
2880:
1601:, resembling the Advaita doctrine, or "abstract monism," of
4006:
3120:. United States Educational Foundation in India. p. 5.
1849:
1834:
1747:
1606:
1547:
1452:
1261:
1141:
1056:
1016:
770:
551:
420:
348:
200:
81:
3927:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
3258:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
2328:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
1852:, the European Center for Research in Particle Physics in
3865:
3302:
1318:. The symbolism has been interpreted in classical Indian
3748:
Bhavanani, Ananda Balayogi; Bhavanani, Devasena (2001).
2290:
1276:, the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in
821:, as the divine cosmic dancer. His dance is called the
2699:
2697:
2320:
2318:
1060:
meaning "king, lord"; it can be roughly translated as
2704:
Banerjee, P. (1969). "A Siva Icon from Piandjikent".
1581:. Nataraja is a significant visual interpretation of
1191:) are other common names of Nataraja in Tamil texts.
3173:, The Art Bulletin Volume 81, Issue 3, pages 390-419
2635:
Temple Imagery from Early Mediaeval Peninsular India
1577:
period, an abstract or 'cosmic' symbolism linked to
3825:
3783:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3456:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3366:, Berlin Indological Studies, volume 21, page 200;
3221:
3194:
2743:
2694:
2672:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2600:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2542:
2512:
2315:
2242:
1639:, the cosmic dance of Shiva as Nataraja represents
1186:
1173:
1160:
914:
898:
882:
804:
3780:
3767:Siddhasana, Kaka Asana, Vrishchikasana and others.
3747:
3518:. Oxford University Press. pp. 15–20, 24–25.
3453:
3223:
3015:, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).
2669:
2597:
2552:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 236–238, 247–258.
2040:8th-century sandstone Nataraja from Madhya Pradesh
3581:
3554:
3491:. Oxford University Press. pp. 56, 47, 101.
3484:
3057:
3055:
2884:Mélanges Tantriques À la Mémoire D'Hélène Brunner
2768:
2358:
2200:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 19–26.
49:An 1820 painting of Nataraja in a temple chariot.
5464:
3851:. Havelte, Holland: Binkey Kok Publications BV.
2907:
2887:. Institut français de Pondichéry. p. 245.
2627:
2625:
2071:The oldest known Tamil bronze Nataraja, 800 AD,
1806:. Nataraja artwork have also been discovered in
1264:(fire) in his left back hand, the front hand in
3894:
3635:
3011:Carmel Berkson, Wendy Doniger, George Michell,
1802:, the bull; further, he is regionally known as
1589:Srinivasan notes that Nataraja is described as
1254:It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
3778:
3741:
3694:"Shiva's Cosmic Dance at CERN | Fritjof Capra"
3451:
3111:
3109:
3052:
3038:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 163–164, 257.
2667:
2595:
2519:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–229, 237.
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
4730:
4022:
3609:Fredrik Eugene DeBoer; I Made Bandem (1995).
3561:. Oxford University Press. pp. 130, 57.
3281:
3226:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z
3198:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2631:
2622:
2468:
2365:. Oxford University Press. pp. 489–490.
2193:
2009:6th-century Nataraja in Cave 21, Ellora Caves
739:
3615:. Oxford University Press. pp. ii–iii.
3612:Balinese Dance in Transition: Kaja and Kelod
3505:
3320:
3261:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4.
3171:Shiva Nataraja: Shifting Meanings of an Icon
3115:
3074:, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr., 1922), pages 18-19
2943:
2874:
2774:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2569:
3923:
3588:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–50.
3326:"Expanding worldviews: cosmic perspectives"
3254:
3106:
3031:
2475:. Mittal Publications. pp. 59–60, 88.
2455:
2324:
2263:
2214:
2180:
1738:in its mature and best-known expression in
1593:or "Being, Consciousness and Bliss" in the
1487:The dwarf underneath his foot is the demon
1003:in its mature and best-known expression in
908:
892:
876:
798:
4737:
4723:
4029:
4015:
3944:
3512:Aghoraśivācārya; Richard H. Davis (2010).
3408:
3308:
3275:
3182:
2853:"A journey to the past with dancing Shiva"
2826:
2747:The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through the Ages
1792:, he is sometimes shown as dancing on his
1140:) which means “The Lord who dances on the
746:
732:
43:
3829:The Dance of Śiva: Fourteen Indian Essays
3131:Alice Boner; Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā (1966).
3116:DeVito, Carole; DeVito, Pasquale (1994).
2947:The dance of Siva; fourteen Indian essays
2652:
2584:
2566:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2249:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–224.
2167:
59:Adalvallan, Koothan, Sabesan, Ambalavanan
3898:Nataraja in Art, Thought, and Literature
3388:. Pearson Education India. p. 642.
2703:
2638:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 150–151.
2362:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Arts
2238:
2236:
1828:
1769:The depiction was informed of cosmic or
1660:
1524:
1500:
1377:
1030:
3717:
3515:A Priest's Guide for the Great Festival
3230:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp.
2914:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. pp.
2472:Iconography of Śiva in Pahāṛī Paintings
1883:Nataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of
1734:Around the 10th century, it emerged in
1395:and a flower identified as that of the
16:Depiction of Shiva as Lord of the dance
5465:
3981:, Alessandra Iyer (2000), Music in Art
3844:
3288:. Praeger. pp. 144–147, 160–161.
3103:Encyclopedia of Ancient History (2013)
2489:
2385:
1665:Nataraja sculpture from Medieval Assam
1505:6th/7th century Nataraja in Cave 1 of
1429:in Sanskrit. A specific hand gesture (
944:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance.
4718:
4010:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3137:. Brill Archive. pp. xxxvi, 144.
3085:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
3066:Saiva Sculptures: Recent Acquisitions
2944:Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1918).
2939:
2937:
2935:
2814:from the original on 5 September 2012
2276:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
2233:
1647:and the dissolution of the universe.
1456:or fire, which signifies destruction.
1387:His headdress often features a human
1280:(fear not) mudra while pointing to a
3987:, Freer Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian
3866:Vivek Nanda; George Michell (2004).
3585:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3558:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3488:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3362:Rupendra Chattopadhya et al (2013),
2793:
2168:Rajarajan, R. K. K. (January 2018).
1908:
1605:, "which holds the individual Self (
1356:(mythical water beasts) on each end.
1211:(Shiva) Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)
1099:which means "act, drama, dance" and
1054:meaning "act, drama, dance" and राज
2799:
1338:, dating from the 12th century CE (
871:. This form is also referred to as
13:
4744:
3819:
3460:. Yale University Press. pp.
3420:
3372:
2932:
2676:. Yale University Press. pp.
1887:, with Sanskrit inscriptions from
1198:
949:Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple
14:
5514:
3972:
3787:. Yale University Press. p.
3101:Shiva Nataraja, lord of the dance
3089:Journal of South Asian Literature
2604:. Yale University Press. p.
2291:Anna Libera Dallapiccola (2007).
1978:Asanpata Nataraja with Naga King
1833:Modern statue gifted by India at
1520:
853:and the Grantha texts. The dance
4698:
4689:
4688:
4164:
3997:Chidambareswarar Nataraja Temple
2775:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (2013).
2413:"General Compendium-5 - GKToday"
2121:
2101:
2079:
2064:
2045:
2030:
2014:
2002:
1994:A damaged 6th-century Nataraja,
1987:
1971:
1946:
1930:
715:
124:
3991:Nataraja: India's Cycle of Fire
3805:
3772:
3711:
3686:
3656:
3642:. White Lotus. pp. 69–70.
3629:
3602:
3575:
3548:
3532:
3478:
3445:
3414:
3356:
3314:
3285:A concise history of Indian art
3248:
3215:
3188:
3163:
3154:
3141:
3124:
3094:
3077:
3025:
2980:
2954:
2901:
2845:
2430:
2405:
2379:
1534:third, the place of the dance,
1116:In Tamil, he is also known as “
995:as the home of Nataraja as the
3957:10.1080/1468936042000282726821
3930:. Cambridge University Press.
3727:. Thorsons. pp. 419–422.
3364:The Kingdom of the Saivacaryas
2754:. p. 178 with footnotes.
2161:
2143:
951:constructed by a Pallava King
1:
3869:Chidambaram: Home of Nataraja
2549:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2516:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2438:"The Lord (or King) of Dance"
2246:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2137:
1579:five elements (Pancha Bhoota)
1465:gesture as a sign to not fear
1450:The upper left hand contains
4036:
3826:Ananda Coomaraswamy (1957).
3545:(2004) 36(3), pages 432–450.
3439:10.11168/jeb1947.1971.96_L74
3222:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3195:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3071:Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin
3013:Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva
2744:Mahadev Chakravarti (1986).
2579:The Art Institute of Chicago
2513:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
2243:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
1571:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
1529:Nataraja at Thanjavur Palace
1309:
1194:
1083:(also written Nateshwar) or
1026:
993:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
7:
5345:Hindi cinema song and dance
3664:"Faces and Places (page 3)"
1443:
1436:
1422:
1187:
1174:
1161:
915:
899:
883:
805:
776:
10:
5519:
3985:Shiva Nataraja Iconography
3724:Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika
3582:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3555:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3485:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3338:Royal Astronomical Society
3330:Astronomy & Geophysics
3091:, Vol. 21, No. 2, page 215
3083:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
2966:SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION
2359:Frank Burch Brown (2014).
2333:Cambridge University Press
2274:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
2155:Sagarva Bharath Foundation
1964:
1654:
1650:
1484:: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
1342:) and later, and include:
919:) in various Tamil texts.
18:
5439:
5393:
5363:
5337:
4929:
4898:
4853:
4802:
4793:
4752:
4684:
4646:
4591:
4518:
4480:
4442:
4404:
4395:
4365:Festivals and observances
4364:
4301:
4221:
4205:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
4173:
4162:
4055:
4044:
3848:The Book of Hindu Imagery
3845:Jansen, Eva Rudy (1993).
3812:British Museum Collection
2908:Stella Kramrisch (1981).
1391:(symbol of mortality), a
1295:
1179:
1166:
1153:
1137:
1125:
909:
893:
877:
859:is featured in all major
799:
786:
766:
87:
75:
64:
54:
42:
35:
30:
4624:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
4184:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
3895:C Sivaramamurti (1974).
3750:"BHARATANATYAM AND YOGA"
3636:Alessandra Iyer (1998).
2299:Harvard University Press
2021:8th-century Nataraja in
3779:James C. Harle (1994).
3452:James C. Harle (1994).
3382:Singh, Upinder (2008).
3350:10.1093/astrogeo/atz195
3342:Oxford University Press
2911:Manifestations of Shiva
2668:James C. Harle (1994).
2596:James C. Harle (1994).
2227:Encyclopædia Britannica
2128:In the Shiva temple of
2055:with Shiva Nataraja in
2025:(Cave 16), Ellora Caves
1569:, he testifies that at
1046:The word Nataraja is a
1042:, 10th or 11th century.
5478:Hindu dance traditions
4505:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
4002:Nataraja Image Archive
3282:Roy C. Craven (1976).
2632:Archana Verma (2012).
2469:Saroj Panthey (1987).
2194:Archana Verma (2011).
2116:in Madurai, Tamil Nadu
2108:Shiva-Nataraja in the
2089:relief, 12th-century,
1941:classical Indian dance
1870:
1845:
1692:appeared first in the
1666:
1530:
1509:
1383:
1382:Detail of Chola bronze
1212:
1043:
5264:Poikkal Kuthiraiattam
4500:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
3993:, Stephen Pyne (1994)
3872:. Marg Publications.
3169:Padma Kaimal (1999),
2842:, Ananda Coomaraswamy
1865:
1832:
1664:
1528:
1504:
1381:
1336:Tiruvatavurar Puranam
1210:
1075:The form is known as
1034:
809:), is a depiction of
4482:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
3924:David Smith (2003).
3255:David Smith (2003).
3032:Alice Boner (1990).
2779:. Rupa. p. 56.
2325:David Smith (2003).
2294:Indian Art in Detail
2110:Thousand-Pillar-Hall
1637:University of London
1609:) and supreme Self (
1300:Apasmara or Muyalaka
1178:), Ambalavanan (ta:
1023:, and Central Asia.
971:written by the four
942:Apasmara or Muyalaka
276:Siddhanta Shikhamani
236:Scriptures and texts
4760:Perini Sivatandavam
4510:Kanchipuram (Earth)
4495:Tirukalahasti (Air)
4490:Chidambaram (Ether)
4191:Shivarahasya Purana
3901:. National Museum.
3411:, pp. 444–445.
3185:, pp. 432–450.
3062:Ananda Coomaraswamy
2859:. 27 September 2019
2752:Motilal Banarsidass
2544:T. A. Gopinatha Rao
2442:www.speakingtree.in
1868:and modern physics.
1673:(Maharashtra), the
1599:Kunchitangrim Bhaje
1507:Badami cave temples
1268:(elephant hand) or
1128:) which splits as “
1070:Ananda Coomaraswamy
722:Hinduism portal
4609:Kailash Mansarovar
4314:Pashupata Shaivism
4292:Hara Hara Mahadeva
3756:on 23 October 2006
2840:The Dance of Shiva
2800:Stromer, Richard.
2777:The dance of Shiva
2091:Prasat Sikhoraphum
1846:
1667:
1531:
1510:
1384:
1332:Tirukuttu Darshana
1213:
1138:சபையில் ஆடும் ஈசன்
1130:Sabayil adum eesan
1044:
847:Uttarakamika agama
493:Non - Saiddhantika
98:Uttarakamika agama
5498:Hindu iconography
5460:
5459:
5350:Hindi dance songs
4894:
4893:
4712:
4711:
4642:
4641:
3948:World Archaeology
3937:978-0-521-52865-8
3908:978-81-230-0092-3
3879:978-81-85026-64-0
3798:978-0-300-06217-5
3719:Iyengar, B. K. S.
3649:978-974-8434-12-4
3622:978-967-65-3071-4
3543:World Archaeology
3525:978-0-19-537852-8
3471:978-0-300-06217-5
3324:(December 2019).
3295:978-0-275-22950-4
3268:978-0-521-52865-8
3241:978-0-8239-3180-4
3208:978-0-8239-3179-8
3045:978-81-208-0705-1
2894:978-2-85539-666-8
2761:978-81-208-0053-3
2687:978-0-300-06217-5
2645:978-1-4094-3029-2
2615:978-0-300-06217-5
2559:978-81-208-0877-5
2526:978-81-208-0877-5
2482:978-81-7099-016-1
2372:978-0-19-517667-4
2342:978-0-521-52865-8
2308:978-0-674-02691-9
2256:978-81-208-0877-5
2207:978-1-4438-2832-1
1937:Nataraja pose in
1909:In dance and yoga
1798:(animal vehicle)
1760:Sembiyan Mahadevi
1633:planetary science
1208:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1066:King of the dance
1062:Lord of the dance
793:), also known as
756:
755:
103:
102:
37:Lord of the dance
5510:
5493:Indian sculpture
5411:Himachal Pradesh
5314:Thitambu Nritham
4800:
4799:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4716:
4715:
4702:
4692:
4691:
4402:
4401:
4346:Siddha Siddhanta
4309:Shaiva Siddhanta
4236:Om Namah Shivaya
4168:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4007:
3968:
3941:
3920:
3891:
3862:
3841:
3832:. Sunwise Turn.
3814:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3786:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3752:. Archived from
3745:
3739:
3738:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3698:fritjofcapra.net
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3670:. Archived from
3660:
3654:
3653:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3552:
3546:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3459:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3379:
3370:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3229:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3161:
3160:Jansen, page 25.
3158:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3113:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2988:":: TVU ::"
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2930:
2929:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2675:
2665:
2650:
2649:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2603:
2593:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2510:
2487:
2486:
2466:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2335:. pp. 1–2.
2322:
2313:
2312:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2261:
2260:
2240:
2231:
2223:
2212:
2211:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2147:
2125:
2114:Meenakshi Temple
2105:
2083:
2068:
2049:
2034:
2018:
2006:
1991:
1975:
1958:yoga as exercise
1950:
1934:
1915:yoga as exercise
1878:lost-wax casting
1641:particle physics
1595:Shaiva Siddhanta
1573:had, by the pre-
1556:self-realization
1552:death to rebirth
1446:
1439:
1427:
1320:Shaiva Siddhanta
1297:
1209:
1190:
1184:romanized:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:romanized:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:romanized:
1157:
1155:
1139:
1127:
1105:meaning "lord".
953:Mahendravarman I
918:
912:
911:
902:
896:
895:
886:
880:
879:
808:
802:
801:
788:
779:
768:
748:
741:
734:
720:
719:
718:
499:Kashmir Shaivism
293:Three Components
128:
105:
104:
47:
28:
27:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5435:
5389:
5379:Abhinavabharati
5359:
5333:
5204:Mardana Jhumair
4925:
4890:
4849:
4789:
4748:
4743:
4713:
4708:
4680:
4638:
4634:Vadakkum Nathan
4587:
4514:
4476:
4438:
4429:Madhyamaheshwar
4391:
4377:Maha Shivaratri
4360:
4297:
4250:Mahāmrityunjaya
4217:
4169:
4160:
4117:Ardhanarishvara
4051:
4040:
4035:
3975:
3938:
3909:
3880:
3859:
3822:
3820:Further reading
3817:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3777:
3773:
3759:
3757:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3450:
3446:
3421:山本, 智教 (1971).
3419:
3415:
3409:Srinivasan 2004
3407:
3403:
3396:
3380:
3373:
3361:
3357:
3319:
3315:
3311:, pp. 447.
3309:Srinivasan 2004
3307:
3303:
3296:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3253:
3249:
3242:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3193:
3189:
3183:Srinivasan 2004
3181:
3177:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3129:
3125:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3082:
3078:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3030:
3026:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2992:www.tamilvu.org
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2933:
2926:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2838:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2742:
2735:
2720:10.2307/3249451
2702:
2695:
2688:
2666:
2653:
2646:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2594:
2585:
2581:, United States
2574:
2567:
2560:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2511:
2490:
2483:
2467:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2257:
2241:
2234:
2224:
2215:
2208:
2192:
2181:
2166:
2162:
2157:. 20 July 2020.
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2117:
2106:
2097:
2095:Surin, Thailand
2084:
2075:
2069:
2060:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2007:
1998:
1996:Elephanta Caves
1992:
1983:
1976:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1911:
1895:Nataraja temple
1675:Elephanta Caves
1659:
1653:
1631:, professor of
1561:In the hymn of
1523:
1441:(Sanskrit for "
1312:
1260:poses, holding
1199:
1197:
1165:), Sabesan(ta:
1146:Nataraja Temple
1068:. According to
1029:
1009:South East Asia
969:Bhakti movement
752:
716:
714:
709:
708:
679:
671:
670:
601:
593:
592:
541:
469:
444:
442:
434:
433:
407:Maha Shivaratri
382:
374:
373:
333:
289:
281:
280:
237:
229:
228:
205:
145:(Supreme being)
143:
136:
96:
71:
50:
38:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5516:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:Forms of Shiva
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:Andhra Pradesh
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4989:Chakyar koothu
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4938:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4746:Dance in India
4742:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4650:
4648:
4647:Related topics
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4604:Brihadeeswarar
4601:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Ramanathaswamy
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4356:Shaiva Smartas
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Veera Shaivism
4338:
4336:Trika Shaivism
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4231:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3973:External links
3971:
3970:
3969:
3942:
3936:
3921:
3907:
3892:
3878:
3863:
3857:
3842:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3804:
3797:
3771:
3740:
3734:978-1855381667
3733:
3710:
3685:
3674:on 6 June 2018
3655:
3648:
3628:
3621:
3601:
3594:
3574:
3567:
3547:
3531:
3524:
3504:
3497:
3477:
3470:
3444:
3413:
3401:
3394:
3371:
3355:
3313:
3301:
3294:
3274:
3267:
3247:
3240:
3214:
3207:
3187:
3175:
3162:
3153:
3140:
3123:
3105:
3093:
3076:
3051:
3044:
3024:
3004:
2979:
2968:. 20 July 2020
2953:
2931:
2924:
2900:
2893:
2873:
2857:The Daily Star
2844:
2825:
2792:
2786:978-8129120908
2785:
2767:
2760:
2733:
2693:
2686:
2651:
2644:
2621:
2614:
2583:
2565:
2558:
2532:
2525:
2488:
2481:
2454:
2429:
2417:www.gktoday.in
2404:
2378:
2371:
2348:
2341:
2314:
2307:
2301:. p. 28.
2280:
2262:
2255:
2232:
2213:
2206:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2073:British Museum
2070:
2063:
2061:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2023:Kailasa temple
2020:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1910:
1907:
1816:Andhra Pradesh
1725:Madhya Pradesh
1710:Manikkavacakar
1702:Pallava period
1652:
1649:
1617:, rather than
1563:Manikkavacakar
1522:
1521:Interpretation
1519:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1485:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1417:
1406:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1348:prabha mandala
1324:Unmai Vilakkam
1322:texts such as
1311:
1308:
1196:
1193:
1050:term, from नट
1028:
1025:
985:Manikkavacakar
754:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
725:
724:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
631:Manikkavacakar
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
561:
560:
559:
548:
547:
540:
539:
538:
537:
516:
511:
506:
490:
489:
478:
477:
468:
467:
462:
457:
451:
450:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
418:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
340:
339:
335:
334:
328:
323:
317:
316:
315:Three bondages
312:
311:
306:
301:
295:
294:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
219:Forms of Shiva
216:
211:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
182:
181:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
152:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
121:
120:
114:
113:
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
79:
73:
72:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
33:
32:
21:Nateshwar Deul
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5515:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:Tamil deities
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5372:Natya Shastra
5369:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:Malwai Giddha
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5044:Dollu Kunitha
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:Bardwi Sikhla
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4861:Andhra Natyam
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:Bharatanatyam
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4726:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Trimbakeshwar
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:Mahakaleshwar
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4444:Pancha Sabhai
4441:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:Shiva temples
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Shiva Advaita
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:Shiva Mahimna
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4257:Shiva Tandava
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:Dakshinamurti
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3860:
3858:90-74597-07-6
3854:
3850:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3775:
3768:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3595:9780195613544
3591:
3587:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3568:9780195613544
3564:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3500:
3498:9780195613544
3494:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3448:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3395:9788131711200
3391:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3376:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3218:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3008:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2925:0-87633-039-1
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2870:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2707:Artibus Asiae
2700:
2698:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:Bharatanatyam
1933:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:Bharatanatyam
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1890:Natya Shastra
1886:
1885:Bharatanatyam
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1861:Fritjof Capra
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:Chola bronzes
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1658:
1657:Pancha Sabhai
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:According to
1625:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1469:concealment.”
1467:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1393:crescent moon
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:Mummani Kovai
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:Koyil Puranam
1307:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:(stick hand)
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:Natya Shastra
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:According to
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1192:
1189:
1176:
1163:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Chola bronzes
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:
937:Natya Shastra
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
906:
901:
890:
885:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:Hindu temples
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
843:Amshumadagama
840:
836:
835:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
813:, one of the
812:
807:
796:
792:
784:
780:
778:
772:
764:
760:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
727:
726:
723:
713:
712:
705:
704:Shiva Temples
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
681:
675:
674:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
611:Abhinavagupta
609:
607:
604:
603:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
565:
562:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
543:
542:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
496:
495:
494:
488:
485:
484:
483:
482:
476:
475:
471:
470:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
446:
445:
438:
437:
430:
426:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
378:
377:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
338:other aspects
337:
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
313:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
292:
291:
285:
284:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
233:
232:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
147:
146:
142:
141:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
119:
116:
115:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:Amshumadagama
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5503:Shiva in art
5377:
5370:
5338:Contemporary
5294:Singhi Chham
5134:Kachhi Ghodi
5029:Dandiya Raas
4969:Bedara Vesha
4905:
4899:Divine forms
4835:Mohiniyattam
4629:Tiruchengode
4533:Grishneshwar
4528:Bhimashankar
4520:Jyotirlingas
4372:Kanwar Yatra
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4243:Rudrashtakam
4241:
4234:
4210:
4203:
4198:Shiva Purana
4196:
4189:
4182:
4089:
4046:
3947:
3926:
3897:
3868:
3847:
3828:
3807:
3782:
3774:
3765:
3758:. Retrieved
3754:the original
3743:
3722:
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3697:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3668:CERN Courier
3667:
3658:
3638:
3631:
3611:
3604:
3584:
3577:
3557:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3514:
3507:
3487:
3480:
3455:
3447:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3404:
3384:
3363:
3358:
3333:
3329:
3322:Ian Crawford
3316:
3304:
3284:
3277:
3257:
3250:
3225:
3217:
3197:
3190:
3178:
3165:
3156:
3143:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3096:
3088:
3079:
3069:
3034:
3027:
3012:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2965:
2956:
2946:
2910:
2903:
2883:
2876:
2868:
2861:. Retrieved
2856:
2847:
2816:. Retrieved
2795:
2776:
2770:
2746:
2714:(1): 73–80.
2711:
2705:
2671:
2634:
2599:
2548:
2515:
2471:
2445:. Retrieved
2441:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2386:ValaiTamil.
2381:
2361:
2327:
2293:
2245:
2225:
2196:
2173:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2130:Melakadambur
1954:Natarajasana
1919:Natarajasana
1912:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1847:
1823:
1820:
1803:
1793:
1779:
1771:metaphysical
1768:
1733:
1718:
1714:Thiruvasagam
1687:
1679:Badami Caves
1671:Ellora Caves
1668:
1629:Ian Crawford
1626:
1621:
1614:
1603:Adi Shankara
1598:
1591:Satcitananda
1588:
1567:Thiruvasagam
1560:
1540:
1532:
1511:
1488:
1477:
1462:abhaya mudra
1461:
1451:
1437:ḍamaru-hasta
1434:
1420:
1410:Badami Caves
1402:Datura metel
1400:
1351:
1347:
1340:Chola empire
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1129:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1036:Chola bronze
965:Badami Caves
961:Ellora Caves
946:
935:
921:
904:
888:
872:
854:
846:
842:
834:Thiruvasagam
832:
826:
815:main deities
794:
790:
774:
758:
757:
544:
504:Pratyabhijna
492:
491:
481:Saiddhantika
480:
479:
474:Mantra marga
472:
447:
397:Panchakshara
354:Satkaryavada
271:Svetasvatara
144:
140:Parameshvara
138:
97:
93:
58:
25:
5440:Accessories
5309:Thirayattam
5299:Sword dance
4984:Bommalattam
4959:Bardo Chham
4949:Baagh Naach
4785:Veeranatyam
4775:Parai Attam
4676:Other names
4558:Omkareshwar
4543:Mallikarjun
4406:Panch Kedar
4278:Shri Rudram
4264:Sahasranama
2059:, Karnataka
2038:Ithyphallic
1980:Satrubhanja
1899:Chidambaram
1880:) process.
1874:cire-perdue
1843:Switzerland
1824:Nrittesvara
1804:Narteshvara
1700:during the
1698:Chidambaram
1536:Chidambaram
1397:entheogenic
1241:Alice Boner
1188:Ambalavāṇaṉ
1150:Chidambaram
1091:stems from
1085:Nṛityeśvara
916:Ambalavāṇaṉ
905:Ambalavanan
800:ஆடல்வல்லான்
699:Jyotirlinga
568:Lingayatism
564:Veerashaiva
487:Siddhantism
256:Shivasutras
65:Affiliation
55:Other names
5488:Indian art
5467:Categories
5426:Tamil Nadu
5364:Literature
5329:Yakshagana
5284:Raut Nacha
5274:Puliyattam
5254:Pavri Nach
5244:Paampattam
5214:Mayilattam
5144:Karakattam
5019:Corridinho
5009:Chheih Lam
4803:Recognised
4765:Margamkali
4659:Rasalingam
4583:Vishwanath
4578:Vaidyanath
4434:Kalpeshwar
4387:Shiva Puja
4302:Traditions
4100:Tatpurusha
3760:26 January
3703:30 January
3678:30 January
3021:0691040095
2863:8 November
2447:31 October
2422:31 October
2397:31 October
2392:ValaiTamil
2138:References
2057:Pattadakal
1956:in modern
1913:In modern
1903:Tamil Nadu
1764:Tamil Nadu
1736:Tamil Nadu
1677:, and the
1655:See also:
1270:dandahasta
1180:அம்பலவாணன்
1089:Narteśvara
1081:Narteśvara
1040:Tamil Nadu
1013:Angkor Wat
1001:Tamil Nadu
997:main deity
975:saints of
910:அம்பலவாணன்
806:Ādalvallāṉ
795:Adalvallan
621:Utpaladeva
588:Indonesian
573:Siddharism
364:Svatantrya
359:Abhasavada
344:36 Tattvas
288:Philosophy
172:Virabhadra
5324:Veeragase
5269:Puli Kali
5239:Oyilattam
5159:Khual Lam
5154:Keisabadi
5114:Hulivesha
5059:Duffmuttu
4954:Bagurumba
4916:Rasa lila
4825:Kuchipudi
4820:Kathakali
4795:Classical
4619:Lingaraja
4614:Katas Raj
4553:Nageshvar
4538:Kedarnath
4424:Rudranath
4414:Kedarnath
4212:Tirumurai
4139:Kartikeya
4095:Sadyojata
3721:(1979) .
2997:9 October
2972:9 October
1905:, India.
1893:, at the
1858:physicist
1746:, and in
1744:Ankor Wat
1615:Or Unarve
1611:Paramātmā
1433:) called
1414:Ankor Wat
1310:Symbolism
1304:Hindu art
1266:gajahasta
1247:mandala (
1195:Depiction
1027:Etymology
977:Sambandar
924:Tirumurai
869:Hindu art
791:Naṭarājar
656:Srikantha
636:Meykandar
616:Vasugupta
606:Lakulisha
578:Sroutaism
557:Inchegeri
460:Kalamukha
455:Pashupata
448:Ati marga
392:Rudraksha
381:Practices
261:Tirumurai
214:Kartikeya
5447:Ghungroo
5394:By state
5259:Phulpati
5249:Padayani
5169:Kolattam
5139:Kalbelia
5119:Jhijhiya
5109:Hojagiri
5099:Gombhira
5039:Dhunachi
5014:Chholiya
4999:Chang Lo
4906:Nataraja
4845:Sattriya
4830:Manipuri
4694:Category
4599:Amarnath
4472:Chitiram
4467:Thamiram
4452:Rathinam
4419:Tungnath
4382:Pradosha
4319:Kapalika
4144:Devasena
4105:Vamadeva
4090:Nataraja
4080:Harihara
4070:Bhairava
4038:Shaivism
3965:26503807
3888:56598256
3344:: 6.38.
3147:For the
3064:(1922),
2818:10 March
2809:Archived
2546:(1997).
2053:Sukanasa
1777:saints.
1752:Cambodia
1619:Sanskrit
1607:Jīvātman
1490:Apasmara
1474:Shaivism
1249:hexagram
1232:and the
1162:Kūththaṉ
1095:same as
1077:Nataraja
1048:Sanskrit
1021:Cambodia
1011:such as
989:Sundarar
973:Shaivite
963:and the
884:Kūththaṉ
873:Kuththan
865:Shaivism
851:Sanskrit
841:and the
819:Hinduism
777:Naṭarāja
763:Sanskrit
759:Nataraja
689:Tantrism
641:Nirartha
626:Nayanars
600:Scholars
514:Dakshina
465:Kapalika
266:Vachanas
162:Bhairava
157:Sadasiva
118:Shaivism
110:a series
108:Part of
31:Nataraja
5452:Silambu
5431:Tripura
5319:Tippani
5304:Tertali
5219:Mussoll
5184:Lahasua
5129:Jhumair
5094:Ghumura
5089:Ghoomar
5049:Domkach
5024:Dalkhai
4974:Bhangra
4911:Tandava
4881:Gotipua
4876:Gaudiya
4780:Theyyam
4753:Ancient
4671:Vibhuti
4568:Somnath
4271:Chalisa
4134:Ganesha
4127:Parvati
4057:Deities
4048:History
3917:1501803
3838:2155403
3368:Archive
2728:3249451
1965:Gallery
1808:Gujarat
1729:Kashmir
1694:Pallava
1690:tandava
1651:History
1645:entropy
1583:Brahman
1550:) from
1544:duality
1515:Pallava
1492:purusha
1296:உடுக்கை
1245:satkona
1234:Tandava
1225:Tandava
1223:Ananda
1175:Sabēsaṉ
1154:கூத்தன்
1118:Sabesan
1109:(IAST:
1102:Ishvara
1079:and as
1015:and in
959:at the
957:reliefs
903:), and
900:Sabēsaṉ
889:Sabesan
878:கூத்தன்
828:Tevaram
823:tandava
787:நடராஜர்
678:Related
666:Navnath
661:Appayya
651:Sharana
531:Kubjika
441:Schools
416:Niyamas
387:Vibhuti
251:Tantras
209:Ganesha
186:Parvati
135:Deities
77:Symbols
5421:Punjab
5416:Odisha
5385:Mudras
5355:Nautch
5279:Rasiya
5234:Oppana
5179:Lavani
5164:Kikkli
5124:Jhumar
5084:Giddha
5074:Garadi
5064:Dumhal
5004:Cheraw
4886:Mahari
4871:Deknni
4854:Others
4840:Odissi
4815:Kathak
4770:Koothu
4704:Portal
4666:Siddha
4654:Lingam
4592:Others
4324:Aghori
4227:Stotra
4223:Mantra
4112:Shakti
4085:Ishana
3963:
3934:
3915:
3905:
3886:
3876:
3855:
3836:
3795:
3731:
3646:
3619:
3592:
3565:
3522:
3495:
3468:
3464:–157.
3392:
3292:
3265:
3238:
3234:–466.
3205:
3149:damaru
3042:
3019:
2922:
2891:
2783:
2758:
2726:
2684:
2680:–310.
2642:
2612:
2556:
2523:
2479:
2369:
2339:
2305:
2253:
2230:(2015)
2204:
1854:Geneva
1839:Geneva
1812:Kerala
1795:vahana
1790:Bengal
1758:queen
1721:Ujjain
1708:saint
1683:Odisha
1444:ḍamaru
1424:ḍamaru
1399:plant
1372:Ganges
1367:dance.
1353:makara
1287:Udukai
1278:abhaya
1167:சபேசன்
1126:சபேசன்
1111:Naṭeśa
1107:Natesa
987:, and
932:bronze
894:சபேசன்
694:Bhakti
646:Basava
583:Aghori
545:Others
527:Yamala
429:Jangam
224:Others
179:Shakti
5406:Assam
5289:Saang
5224:Nacnī
5209:Matki
5194:Maach
5189:Lezim
5174:Kummi
5149:Karma
5104:Grida
5079:Garba
5069:Fugdi
5054:Domni
5034:Dhalo
4994:Chang
4944:Alkap
4921:Lasya
4866:Chhau
4462:Velli
4329:Kaula
4175:Texts
4156:Nandi
4149:Valli
4065:Shiva
3961:S2CID
3336:(6).
2916:43–45
2812:(PDF)
2805:(PDF)
2724:JSTOR
2087:Khmer
1800:Nandi
1786:Assam
1782:Nepal
1775:Tamil
1756:Chola
1706:Tamil
1597:text
1575:Chola
1482:Guṇas
1478:jnana
1431:mudra
1389:skull
1292:Tamil
1282:Sutra
1274:mudra
1230:Lasya
1218:Lasya
1134:Tamil
1122:Tamil
1093:Nṛtta
981:Appar
856:murti
839:Tamil
811:Shiva
783:Tamil
767:नटराज
684:Nandi
535:Netra
523:Trika
519:Kaula
425:Linga
412:Yamas
402:Bilva
326:Karma
321:Anava
309:Pasam
304:Pashu
247:Agama
242:Vedas
196:Durga
167:Rudra
150:Shiva
89:Texts
69:Shiva
5229:Nati
4979:Bihu
4935:list
4931:Folk
4122:Sati
3932:ISBN
3913:OCLC
3903:ISBN
3884:OCLC
3874:ISBN
3853:ISBN
3834:OCLC
3793:ISBN
3762:2019
3729:ISBN
3705:2017
3680:2017
3644:ISBN
3617:ISBN
3590:ISBN
3563:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3466:ISBN
3431:1971
3427:密教文化
3390:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3263:ISBN
3236:ISBN
3203:ISBN
3040:ISBN
3017:ISBN
2999:2022
2974:2022
2920:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2865:2020
2820:2016
2781:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2682:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2449:2022
2424:2022
2399:2022
2367:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2202:ISBN
1850:CERN
1835:CERN
1814:and
1788:and
1748:Bali
1622:Chit
1548:Jiva
1453:Agni
1412:and
1361:Atma
1334:and
1262:Agni
1142:dais
1097:Nata
1057:Raja
1052:Nata
1017:Bali
928:maya
845:and
831:and
771:IAST
552:Nath
509:Vama
421:Guru
369:Aham
349:Yoga
331:Maya
299:Pati
201:Kali
191:Sati
82:Agni
4457:Pon
3953:doi
3789:123
3462:156
3435:doi
3346:doi
3232:464
2716:doi
2678:309
2606:126
2112:of
2093:in
1897:in
1837:in
1712:'s
1635:at
1565:'s
1148:at
1132:” (
1120:” (
1064:or
887:),
863:of
849:in
837:in
817:in
5469::
3959:.
3911:.
3882:.
3791:.
3764:.
3696:.
3666:.
3541:,
3433:.
3429:.
3425:.
3374:^
3340:,
3334:60
3332:.
3328:.
3108:^
3087:,
3068:,
3054:^
2990:.
2964:.
2934:^
2918:.
2867:.
2855:.
2828:^
2807:.
2750:.
2736:^
2722:.
2712:31
2710:.
2696:^
2654:^
2624:^
2608:.
2586:^
2568:^
2535:^
2491:^
2457:^
2440:.
2415:.
2390:.
2351:^
2331:.
2317:^
2297:.
2283:^
2265:^
2235:^
2216:^
2182:^
2172:.
2153:.
1925:.
1917:,
1901:,
1863::
1841:,
1818:.
1810:,
1784:,
1750:,
1723:,
1716:.
1643:,
1558:.
1330:,
1326:,
1306:.
1294::
1182:,
1169:,
1156:,
1136::
1124::
1038:,
1019:,
983:,
979:,
913:,
897:,
881:,
803:,
789:,
785::
781:;
773::
769:,
765::
521::
112:on
4937:)
4933:(
4738:e
4731:t
4724:v
4225:/
4030:e
4023:t
4016:v
3967:.
3955::
3940:.
3919:.
3890:.
3861:.
3840:.
3801:.
3737:.
3707:.
3682:.
3652:.
3625:.
3598:.
3571:.
3528:.
3501:.
3474:.
3441:.
3437::
3398:.
3352:.
3348::
3298:.
3271:.
3244:.
3211:.
3048:.
3001:.
2976:.
2928:.
2897:.
2822:.
2789:.
2764:.
2730:.
2718::
2690:.
2648:.
2618:.
2562:.
2529:.
2485:.
2451:.
2426:.
2401:.
2375:.
2345:.
2311:.
2259:.
2210:.
2176:.
1876:(
1826:.
1416:.
1405:.
1363:.
1290:(
907:(
891:(
875:(
797:(
761:(
747:e
740:t
733:v
566:/
533:-
529:-
525:-
427:-
423:-
414:-
249:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
