129:
20:
262:
projects are undertaken to restore a native ecological system disturbed by economic development or other events, they may be historically inaccurate, incomplete, or pay little or no attention to ecotype accuracy or type conversions. They may fail to restore the original ecological system by
93:. Species do naturally appear, reproduce, and endure, or become extinct, and their distribution is rarely static or confined to a particular geographic location. Moreover, the distinction between native and non-native as being tied to a local occurrence during
219:, and community composition. Besides ecological damage, these species can also damage agriculture, infrastructure, and cultural assets. Government agencies and environmental groups are directing increasing resources to addressing these species.
214:
species to new locations for cultivation, or transport them by accident, some of them may become invasive species, damaging native communities. Invasive species can have profound effects on ecosystems by changing ecosystem structure, function,
263:
overlooking the basics of remediation. Attention paid to the historical distribution of native species is a crucial first step to ensure the ecological integrity of the project. For example, to prevent erosion of the recontoured sand
76:
The notion of nativity is often a blurred concept, as it is a function of both time and political boundaries. Over long periods of time, local conditions and migratory patterns are constantly changing as
116:
found in a particular place. A native species may occur in areas other than the one under consideration. The terms endemic and native also do not imply that an organism necessarily first originated or
163:, and the pollinating animal may also be dependent on that plant species for a food source. Many species have adapted to very limited, unusual, or harsh conditions, such as cold climates or frequent
89:) changes sea level, ice cover, temperature, and rainfall, driving direct changes in habitability and indirect changes through the presence of predators, competitors, food sources, and even
203:
history, on varying time scales ranging from days to decades (Long, 1981; Vermeij, 1991). Humans are moving species across the globe at an unprecedented rate. Those working to address
286:
became an endangered species. The El
Segundo blue butterfly population, which had once extended over 3200 acres along the coastal dunes from Ocean Park to Malaga Cove in
821:
806:
Travis
Longcore, Rudi Mattoni, Gordon Pratt, and Catherine Rich, "On the perils of ecological restoration and the El Segundo blue butterfly", in press, for
647:"Point Reyes National Seashore, Drakes Estero, A Sheltered Wilderness Estuary", National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, p. 16.
69:
introduced. If an introduced species causes substantial ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage, it may be regarded more specifically as an
318:
45:
if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during
856:
781:
155:
with other specific flora, fauna, fungi, and other organisms. For example, some plant species can only reproduce with a continued
857:""California's butterflies: The El Segundo Blue", Quino Checkerspot Captive Breeding Program, Vista Murrieta High School. O line"
568:
66:
338:
592:
236:
894:
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228:
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stabilized the backdunes with a "natural" seed mix (Mattoni 1989a). Unfortunately, the seed mix was representative of
97:
times has been criticised as lacking perspective, and a case was made for more graded categorisations such as that of
738:
711:
472:
447:
268:
832:
918:
610:"Native plant species show evolutionary responses to invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus in an African savanna"
82:
923:
646:
490:"Nativeness is not binary—a graduated terminology for native and non‐native species in the Anthropocene"
826:
CD - ROM Version 1 (May 2005). Portland, OR: The Xerces
Society for Invertebrate Conservation. (2005)"
542:
280:
822:"Black, S. H., and D. M. Vaughan, "Species profile: Euphilotes battoides allyni, El Segundo Blue",
232:
440:
Conservation for the
Anthropocene Ocean: Interdisciplinary Science in Support of Nature and People
246:
Many books have been written on the subject of planting native plants in home gardens. The use of
547:
465:
A New
Approach to Conservation: The Importance of the Individual through Wildlife Rehabilitation
291:
287:
259:
152:
913:
555:
363:
279:, an exogenous plant community, instead of the native dune scrub community. As a result, the
90:
609:
413:
385:
240:
860:
128:
8:
156:
29:): native to western North America but introduced and invasive in several areas worldwide
25:
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derived from native species is a widely disputed practice among native plant advocates.
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211:
62:
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58:
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The diversity of species across many parts of the world exists only because
167:. Others can live in diverse areas or adapt well to different surroundings.
757:
Nature's Best Hope: A New
Approach to Conservation That Starts in Your Yard
658:
34:
272:
160:
887:
Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature Is
Thriving in an Age of Extinction
584:
Bringing Nature Home: How Native Plants
Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens
101:, which occurred in a region during prehistory but have since suffered
730:
The
Landscaping Revolution: Garden With Mother Nature, Not Against Her
625:
505:
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was uprooted so that the butterflies' original native plant host, the
200:
176:
117:
42:
247:
192:
164:
109:
808:
2nd
Interface Between Ecology and Land Development in California.
94:
46:
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encourage the use of native plants. The identification of local
196:
188:
180:
144:
19:
679:
199:. Humans can introduce species that have never met in their
264:
703:
Noah's Garden: Restoring the Ecology of Our Own Back Yards
488:
Lemoine, Rhys T.; Svenning, Jens‐Christian (2022-03-03).
253:
184:
108:
A native species in a location is not necessarily also
16:
Species indigenous to a given area in geologic time
535:
207:view this as an increased risk to native species.
534:
905:
824:Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America.
170:
884:
487:
179:are separated by barriers, particularly large
810:Occidental College, April 18-19, 1997 Online.
222:
782:""Nativars" Courtesy of Watermarkwoods.com"
747:
720:
574:
406:
49:. The term is equivalent to the concept of
562:
438:Levin, Phillip S; Poe, Melissa R. (2017).
57:species. A wild organism (as opposed to a
693:
528:
456:
378:
319:List of Australian plants termed "native"
726:
437:
431:
127:
18:
753:
580:
304:could regain some of its lost habitat.
227:Native plant organizations such as the
906:
462:
254:Importance of nativity in conservation
112:to that location. Endemic species are
699:
680:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center"
607:
290:, began to recover when the invasive
556:participating institution membership
356:
151:Native species form communities and
331:
237:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
41:is indigenous to a given region or
13:
878:
229:Society for Ecological Restoration
159:interaction with a certain animal
14:
940:
727:Wasowski, Andy and Sally (2000).
269:Los Angeles International Airport
569:Indigenous, Aliens and Invasives
243:provides a basis for this work.
147:and found nowhere else (endemic)
105:there due to human involvement.
65:within the regions where it was
849:
814:
799:
774:
672:
651:
640:
601:
481:
391:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1:
324:
284:(Euphilotes battoides allyni)
171:Human impact and intervention
120:where it is currently found.
754:Tallamy, Douglas W. (2020).
581:Tallamy, Douglas W. (2007).
366:. University of Rhode Island
341:. 2008-05-15. Archived from
7:
307:
267:at the western edge of the
87:human-caused climate change
85:(which is much slower than
10:
945:
608:Oduor, Ayub M. O. (2022).
231:, native plant societies,
123:
543:Oxford English Dictionary
364:"What are native plants?"
281:El Segundo blue butterfly
223:Conservation and advocacy
61:organism) is known as an
885:Chris D. Thomas (2017).
659:"Native Plant Societies"
302:(Eriogonum parvifolium),
295:(Eriogonum fasciculatum)
548:Oxford University Press
339:"Executive Order 13112"
153:biological interactions
81:move, join, and split.
919:Ecological restoration
733:. Contemporary Books.
260:ecological restoration
148:
83:Natural climate change
30:
463:Aitken, Gill (2018).
241:remnant natural areas
131:
23:Large-leaved lupine (
22:
706:. Houghton-Mifflin.
700:Stein, Sara (1993).
414:"Introduced species"
292:California buckwheat
137:Clinotarsus curtipes
924:Ecology terminology
546:(Online ed.).
494:Restoration Ecology
139:) is native to the
99:prehistoric natives
26:Lupinus polyphyllus
442:. Academic Press.
314:Introduced species
277:coastal sage scrub
149:
63:introduced species
31:
889:. PublicAffairs.
626:10.1111/nph.17574
594:978-0-88192-854-9
554:(Subscription or
506:10.1111/rec.13636
394:. Merriam-Webster
217:species abundance
67:anthropogenically
936:
900:
872:
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859:. Archived from
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831:. Archived from
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784:. Archived from
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760:. Timber Press.
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682:. Wildflower.org
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587:. Timber Press.
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205:invasive species
103:local extinction
71:invasive species
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879:Further reading
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386:"Autochthonous"
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79:tectonic plates
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896:978-1610397278
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767:978-1604699005
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620:(2): 983–994.
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345:on 15 May 2008
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299:dune buckwheat
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133:Bicolored frog
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39:native species
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863:on 2013-10-02
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788:on 2016-03-04
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467:. Routledge.
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55:autochthonous
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914:Biogeography
886:
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
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840:. Retrieved
833:the original
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790:. Retrieved
786:the original
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684:. Retrieved
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421:. Retrieved
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347:. Retrieved
343:the original
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288:Palos Verdes
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201:evolutionary
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59:domesticated
54:
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38:
35:biogeography
32:
24:
661:. nanps.org
571:Envirofacts
423:26 December
273:landscapers
157:mutualistic
114:exclusively
908:Categories
867:2013-09-29
842:2013-09-29
792:2014-07-09
686:2012-07-09
665:2018-09-23
558:required.)
398:16 January
370:16 January
349:2022-07-09
325:References
210:As humans
177:bioregions
161:pollinator
95:historical
51:indigenous
634:0028-646X
537:"Endemic"
522:246251260
514:1061-2971
271:in 1975,
248:cultivars
233:Wild Ones
212:introduce
193:mountains
165:wildfires
43:ecosystem
308:See also
929:Habitat
197:deserts
124:Ecology
118:evolved
110:endemic
47:history
893:
764:
737:
710:
632:
591:
520:
512:
471:
446:
235:, and
195:, and
189:oceans
181:rivers
836:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
552:
518:S2CID
500:(8).
265:dunes
258:When
145:India
891:ISBN
762:ISBN
735:ISBN
708:ISBN
630:ISSN
589:ISBN
510:ISSN
469:ISBN
444:ISBN
425:2017
400:2019
372:2019
185:seas
37:, a
622:doi
618:233
502:doi
143:of
53:or
33:In
910::
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135:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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