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1711:. He reigned for only five years, until 944, when he died of illness at age 47. The short reign of an ambitious ruler set the stage for future campaigns for independence. Ngô Vương ushered in a new Vietnamese era of continuous independence and political autonomy. However, due to the Ngô dynasty's failure to control chieftains and Ngô Quyền's failure to gain Chinese acknowledgement of his legitimacy as a ruler, it remained little more than a protectorate of the
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purposefully held the enemy in check for hours, waiting for the tides receded and the spikes to impale the
Chinese armada. With the Southern Han navy in disarray, the Vietnamese forces followed the impalement with ferocious fire attacks and annihilated hundreds of giant warships. The Southern Han navy and the Prince of Southern Han were killed in the battle, thus ending the Southern Han's military ambition over Annam.
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with him. After arriving at the capital, Ngô Xương Ngập styled himself "Thiên Sách Vương" (天策王). Brought back by his younger brother Ngô Xương Văn to the throne, Ngô Xương Ngập soon abused his rights as the oldest son and began to rule Tĩnh Hải quân as dictator, "Thiên Sách Vương" (天策王). The country was ripe for open rivalries between different lords who fought each other to become the next successor.
66:
664:. The Chinese were preoccupied with these civil struggles and lost their grip on Tĩnh Hải quân periodically. Tĩnh Hải quân took advantage of this opportunity and proclaimed its independence and seceded from China. Under the rule of Lord Protector Dương Đình Nghệ, the Tĩnh Hải quân state initiated a full blown military campaign for independence.
1759:
Ngô Xương Văn (吳昌文) deposed Dương Tam Kha in 950 and styled himself "Nam Tấn Vương" (南晉王). Out of respect for his uncle, Ngô Xương Văn did not have him killed, but merely demoted him and sent him into exile. Ngô Xương Văn then searched out his older brother Ngô Xương Ngập in order to share the throne
1846:
After the submission of the royal clan in the 960s and to strengthen his position, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh married one of his daughters to the last Ngô king. He also married a younger sister of the Ngô king to his eldest son Ngô Nhật Khánh and took the Ngô queen mother as one of his wives. In 968, Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1684:
Ngô Quyền (897–944) was Dương Đình Nghệ's most loyal general and son-in-law. He served under Dương Đình Nghệ's command and married one of his daughters. After the murder of father-in-law, Ngô Quyền sought revenge. He launched an attack and defeated Kiều Công Tiễn in 938. The latter, before his death
1768:
After Ngô Xương Văn's death in 965, his son Ngô Xương Xí (吳昌熾) succeeded him. Ascended to the throne, Ngô Xương Xí was faced with the daunting task of having his rule recognized in a period of open rivalry between the 12 lords who fought one another for control of the country. With the announcement
1649:
and reached out to the Liang
Dynasty in northern China, seeking political support as a vassal state. The action angered the Southern Han and in 930 emperor Liu Yan attempted to bring Tĩnh Hải quân under his control by invading the capital city and taking Khúc Thừa Mỹ captive. Shortly thereafter,
1808:
also started to betray Ngô dynasty. The King of Ngo, Ngô Xương Văn had used force to suppress the revolt and beheaded Chu Thái. In 965 Ngô Xương Văn was shot by a barrage of and so perished. His son, Ngô Xương Xí took up his leadership but the dynasty gradually fell into disarray. According to
1692:
To defeat the
Southern Han army coming to supply aid to his rival, Ngô Quyền and his troops planted iron spikes underneath the Bạch Đằng River and timed the attack of the Southern Han navy. The attack began during high tide which concealed the spikes beneath the water. The Vietnamese forces
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because the ruling power was still in their hands. Since Ngo Quyen failed to gain acknowledgement of his legitimacy as a ruler from China, he could not get the unanimous support of the local authorities. Furthermore, the Ngo dynasty was still recorded as
2394:
Burke, p. 16., "Following the death of Ngỏ Quyển, who had driven the
Chinese from Vietnam after a thousand years of domination, the Ngô Dynasty disintegrated. Vietnam was beset by a reign of confusion as twelve Warring lords fought over who was to rule
1706:
The Battle of Bạch Đằng River was the first significant of many victories throughout the centuries at this famous river. Ngô Quyền then ascended to the throne and took the name "Ngô Vương" (King Ngô) or "Tiền Ngô Vương". He moved the capital back to
2371:). These local chiefs possessed their own territories and constantly tried to dominate one another. Ngo Quyen died at the age of 46 before he had time to consolidate his position; Vietnam was little more than a protectorate of the Chinese empire.
1654:, the governor of the Ái Châu district of Tĩnh Hải quân, sent troops to rescue Khúc Thừa Mỹ, defeating the Southern Han army and in the process appointing himself Jiedushi of Jinghai. In 937, Dương Đình Nghệ was assassinated by his official
1621:
for himself and ushered in the division of China into the short-lived empires of the Five
Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During this time of civil war in China, the Khúc clan attempted to increase its power and control over Vietnam. In
2353:
There is also the question of how far the Song dynasty (China) was willing to recognise the independence of the Ngo dynasty (Vietnam) amidst the turmoil in China. The Ngo dynasty (939-968) was unable to control the local chiefs known as
3907:
1800:, relied heavily on the difficult geography of his local mountainous region and started his rebellion against the Ngô dynasty. Both kings of Tĩnh Hải quân, Ngô Xương Văn & Ngô Xương Ngập launched military campaigns against
659:
of Tĩnh Hải quân had to pay tribute to its
Chinese master in exchange for peace and political support. At the beginning of the 10th century, China was domestically plagued and weakened by civil war during what is known as the
1804:. However, after more than a month, the Royal troops failed to succeed and returned to the capital and tried persuading Duke Đinh to give up. In 954, Ngô Xương Ngập died and the leader of Thao Gian district
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Pelley, p. 213., "Vietnamese kings and emperors sought the safety of cities that were easy to defend. Thus the Ngô dynasty retreated to Cổ Loa and the Đinh and Early Lê dynasties took refuge in Hoa Lư."
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1813:, the Kiều clan and Dương clan revolted against the Ngô and in 966, the country was divided into 12 states and ruled by 12 warlords including the Ngô royalty (Ngô Xương Văn, Ngô Nhật Khánh).
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in 938. However, Ngô Quyền's forces were tipped off over the advancing
Southern Han army and therefore he quickly mobilized his forces and strategically stationed them in key battle sites.
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in battle with Ngô Quyền, he sent an emissary to
Southern Han court to ask for military re-enforcement. The Southern Han state's emperor then sent an army to the South land to assist
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Dar, Ku Boon (2019). "The
Tributary Relations between China's Song Dynasty and Vietnam's Dinh, Le and Ly Dynasties: Effects on Their Political Sustainability".
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who declared himself loyal to the Southern Han's emperor. Immediately thereafter, Dương Đình Nghệ's son in law, general
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The weakening of the Ngô dynasty's influence caused the revolt of some governors against the royal court. In 951, Duke
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In 906, the Tang recognized Jiaozhi as an autonomous state, however a year later the Tang dynasty ended when
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1751:). Dương Tam Kha's reign was unpopular and many revolts and rebellions sprung up across the kingdom.
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was militarily occupied by the Southern Han and was treated as an autonomous province and
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to raised a naval fleet to reclaim the throne, however the expedition was scuttled by a
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weakened the Tang dynasty. At the beginning of the 10th Century in 905, a member of the
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of his rule, the country further disrupted and thrown into a chaotic period called the
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3902:(in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
16:
First Vietnamese dynasty after the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam (939–965)
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1610:(Vietnamese: Tiết độ sứ) establishing a degree of autonomy for Vietnam.
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Five Dynasties Ten Kingdoms Period 923 CE and Tĩnh Hải quân (orange) .
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usurped the throne and proclaimed himself "Bình Vương" (平王). He took
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Before his death, Ngô Vương's wish was to see his brother-in-law
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adjusted its administrative divisions and provinces, maintaining
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Sejarah: Journal of the History Department, University of Malaya
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1782:"The Anarchy of the 12 Warlords" or "Loạn 12 sứ quân" (966–968)
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1851:. Ngô Nhật Khánh quickly became a dissent and went exile in
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of Hoa Lư district and son of the Governor of Hoan district
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province of south China, however, the former Tang governor,
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The map of Tĩnh Hải quân (Jinghai) under Ngô dynasty in 939
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Origines: The streets of Vietnam: A Historical Companion
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Ngô Xương Văn & Ngô Xương Ngập co-reign: 950–954
3930:(in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
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3916:(in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
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207:
3938:A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc
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1630:declared himself the emperor of the emergent
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4265:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms
1665:
624:from 939 to 968. The dynasty was founded by
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2443:《Historical Records of the Five Dynasties》
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4324:10th-century disestablishments in Vietnam
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186:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
4258:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
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1675:
639:Around 930, as Ngô Quyền rose to power,
131:This article includes a list of general
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628:, who led the Vietnamese forces in the
4314:10th-century establishments in Vietnam
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3913:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
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662:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
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1617:overthrew Tang rule establishing the
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1290:Provisional Revolutionary Government
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4304:Former countries in Chinese history
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13:
3959:Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs
572:King/Grand Prince of Tĩnh Hải quân
137:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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4251:Old History of the Five Dynasties
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1827:Ceramic of horse in 10 th century
34:This article has multiple issues.
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1582:Third Era of Northern Domination
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1234:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
701:
493:
479:
462:Third Era of Northern Domination
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23:
2478:: Zhonghua Book Company（1995）.
2450:: Zhonghua Book Company（1995）.
1874:Family tree of the Ngô dynasty
1773:(Vietnamese: Loạn 12 sứ quân).
1672:Battle of Bạch Đằng River (938)
620:: 靜海軍), was a semi-independent
398:• Death of Ngô Xương Ngập
42:or discuss these issues on the
3941:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
2388:
2327:
1866:
1244:Provisional Central Government
408:• Death of Ngô Xương Văn
1:
4334:Tributaries of Imperial China
2506:. Cambridge University Press.
2429:
1847:established a new kingdom of
1764:Ngô Xương Xí's reign: 965–968
667:
2296:
1839:Bronze kettle in Ngô dynasty
1361:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
2504:A history of the Vietnamese
1294:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
4350:
1788:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
1785:
1771:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
1669:
1579:
1024:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
489:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
420:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
228:early years of Ngô dynasty
4329:Former monarchies of Asia
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2831:
2568:Early independent Vietnam
2244:
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2101:
2061:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1917:
1915:
1666:Battle of Bạch Đằng River
630:Battle of Bạch Đằng River
586:
576:
568:
558:
548:
540:
532:
527:
509:
433:
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354:
345:Battle of Bạch Đằng (938)
341:
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294:
281:
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263:
255:
245:
233:
221:
216:
208:
200:
2493:Burke, J. Wills (2001).
1863:and Nhật Khánh drowned.
957:Trung sisters' rebellion
3935:Chapuis, Oscar (1995),
3899:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1596:Chinese rule in Vietnam
1451:Principality of Hà Tiên
152:more precise citations.
4214:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
2502:Taylor, Keith (2013).
1697:Independence era (938)
1681:
1641:succeeded Khúc Hạo as
1332:Non-Vietnamese history
1084:4th Chinese domination
987:3rd Chinese domination
967:2nd Chinese domination
947:1st Chinese domination
605:
4319:968 disestablishments
1777:Breakup and Civil war
1679:
1280:(Republic of Vietnam)
1197:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1185:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1175:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1165:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
4299:Vietnamese dynasties
4149:independent entities
2527:at Wikimedia Commons
1739:'s younger brother,
1719:Royal Court disputes
1586:After defeating the
1265:North–South division
1114:Later Lê Restoration
820:Phùng Nguyên culture
634:Southern Han dynasty
632:against the Chinese
384:• Overthrow of
360:founded the dynasty
1857:Paramesvaravarman I
1619:Later Liang Dynasty
1490:Historical capitals
1411:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
758:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
737:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
4309:939 establishments
4202:Neighboring states
2166:King of Thiên Sách
1749:Hải Dương province
1682:
1544:Vietnam portal
1161:French Cochinchina
779:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
649:Later Tang Dynasty
622:Vietnamese dynasty
612:: 茹吳), officially
374:seized the throne
4281:
4280:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3881:
3880:
3744:Princess Phất Kim
2645:
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2523:Media related to
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2265:
2202:
2183:
2179:
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2051:
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1963:
1944:
1895:
1891:
1747:in Nam Sách (now
1702:Ngô Quyền's reign
1578:
1577:
1459:
1458:
1441:Sip Song Chau Tai
1322:
1321:
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1203:Empire of Vietnam
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1141:
995:
994:
928:
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897:Hồng Bàng dynasty
878:
877:
864:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
854:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
834:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
824:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
799:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
789:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
785:Quỳnh Văn culture
655:. Every year the
651:, referred to as
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4184:
4166:Qingyuan Circuit
3994:
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2471:《Zizhi Tongjian》
2461:
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2422:, p. 46–47.
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2079:Dương Bình Vương
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1942:
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1890:(sinicized name)
1889:
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1094:Later Lê dynasty
1054:Later Lý dynasty
1044:Early Lê dynasty
1010:
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977:Early Lý dynasty
943:
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860:Sa Huỳnh culture
850:Dong Son culture
830:Đồng Đậu culture
718:
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673:Pre-independence
641:northern Vietnam
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4171:Jinghai Circuit
4161:Dingnan Circuit
4141:
4115:
4049:
4008:
3998:
3949:
3882:
3447:Kiều Công Chuẩn
3427:Đinh Tiên Hoàng
3022:Dương Đình Nghệ
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2187:King of Nam Tan
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1958:Dương Đình Nghệ
1941:
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1652:Dương Đình Nghệ
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1124:Tây Sơn dynasty
1007:
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775:Bắc Sơn culture
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308:• 950–965
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296:• 944–950
284:
283:• 938–944
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4176:Wuping Circuit
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4013:Five Dynasties
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3922:Trần Trọng Kim
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3614:Đinh Hạng Lang
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3595:
3593:
3591:Ngô Nhật Khánh
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3407:Ngô Xương Ngập
3404:
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3266:Kiều Công Tiễn
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840:Gò Mun culture
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795:Đa Bút culture
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581:Cổ Loa Citadel
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4188:Guiyi Circuit
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4106:Southern Tang
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3644:Kiều Công Hãn
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3434:Dương Vân Nga
3428:
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3414:Ngô Xương Văn
3408:
3392:
3389:
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3379:
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3297:
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3283:
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3280:
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3267:
3260:
3259:Dương Tam Kha
3253:
3252:Đinh Công Trứ
3237:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3149:
3146:
3138:
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2070:Dương Tam Kha
2056:
2047:
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2019:
2011:
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1741:Ngô Xương Văn
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1276:South Vietnam
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950:
948:
945:
944:
939:
934:
933:
924:204 BC–111 BC
923:
921:
920:Triệu dynasty
918:
917:
914:257 BC–179 BC
913:
911:
908:
907:
900:
898:
895:
894:
889:
884:
883:
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871:
870:Óc Eo culture
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665:
663:
658:
654:
653:Tĩnh Hải quân
650:
647:state of the
646:
642:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Tĩnh Hải quân
611:
607:
603:
599:
589:
585:
582:
579:
575:
571:
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564:
563:Ngô Xương Văn
561:
557:
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551:
547:
543:
539:
536:Tĩnh Hải quân
535:
531:
526:
519:
515:
512:
510:Today part of
508:
492:
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421:
415:
411:
405:
401:
395:
391:
387:
386:Dương Tam Kha
381:
377:
373:
372:Dương Tam Kha
367:
363:
359:
353:
349:
346:
340:
336:
333:
332:Medieval Asia
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
313:Nam Tấn vương
311:
305:
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203:Tĩnh Hải quân
199:
190:
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79:
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73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4272:Wudai Huiyao
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4219:Liao dynasty
4156:Yiwu Circuit
4146:
4120:Other states
4111:Northern Han
4091:Southern Han
3937:
3925:
3911:
3897:
3887:
3787:Lê Long Đĩnh
3780:Lê Long Việt
3598:Ngô Xương Xí
3029:Khúc Thừa Mỹ
2768:Khúc Thừa Dụ
2608:
2579:
2530:
2503:
2494:
2469:
2441:
2415:
2390:
2378:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2278:
2257:Ngô Xương Xí
2201:b.933-d.1001
2197:Ngô Chân Lưu
2186:
2165:
2078:
2054:
1940:Ngô Đình Mân
1845:
1802:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1794:Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
1791:
1767:
1758:
1722:
1713:Song dynasty
1705:
1691:
1683:
1639:Khúc Thừa Mỹ
1636:
1632:Southern Han
1612:
1592:Tang dynasty
1585:
1401:Dali Kingdom
1391:Khmer Empire
1318:1986–present
1263:
1190:
1171:French Annam
1064:Trần dynasty
1034:Đinh dynasty
1013:
951:111 BC–40 AD
910:Thục dynasty
844:1,000–800 BC
804:
763:
742:
721:
638:
613:
597:
595:
475:Đinh dynasty
444:Succeeded by
443:
438:
350:December 938
182:
164:
158:October 2019
155:
136:
102:
96:October 2019
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
4294:Ngô dynasty
4179: [
4020:Later Liang
3894:Ngô Sĩ Liên
3621:Đinh Phế Đế
3441:Lê Đại Hành
3242:Queen Dương
2599: Dương
2580:Colour note
2525:Ngô dynasty
2420:Taylor 2013
2408:Taylor 2013
2383:Taylor 2013
2351:(1): 1–13.
2322:Taylor 2013
2310:Taylor 2013
2182:b.925–d.965
2050:b.897-d.944
1962:b.874–d.937
1943:9th century
1894:8th century
1867:Family tree
1588:Sui dynasty
1495:Immigration
1475:Agriculture
1104:Mạc dynasty
1014:Ngô dynasty
723:Paleolithic
713:Prehistoric
692:History of
598:Ngô dynasty
559:Final ruler
544:8th century
439:Preceded by
319:(co-rulers)
150:introducing
4288:Categories
4066:Former Shu
4045:Later Zhou
4030:Later Tang
3948:0313296227
3796:Kiều Thuận
2618: Kiều
2485:7101001831
2466:Sima Guang
2457:7101003222
2438:Ouyang Xiu
2430:References
2356:Hung Vuong
2264:r. 965–966
2190:r. 950－965
2082:r. 944－950
2058:r. 939－944
1600:Huang Chao
1074:Hồ dynasty
874:(1–630 AD)
754:Hoabinhian
744:Mesolithic
668:Background
602:Vietnamese
587:Deposition
256:Government
133:references
88:footnoting
39:improve it
4243:Histories
4101:Later Shu
4040:Later Han
4035:Later Jin
3607:Đinh Liễn
3236:Ngô Quyền
2297:Citations
2279:Prince An
2169:r.950–954
2055:Ngô Vương
2046:Ngô Quyền
1660:Ngô Quyền
1650:however,
1634:kingdom.
1624:Guangzhou
1604:Khúc clan
1480:Dynasties
1455:1707–1832
1445:1600–1954
1435:1100–1904
1425:1061–1432
1421:Ngưu Hống
1415:1042–1052
1308:1975–1986
1298:1969–1976
1284:1955–1975
1270:1954–1976
1258:1949–1955
1248:1948–1949
1238:1945–1976
1138:1802–1945
1128:1778–1802
1118:1533–1789
1108:1527–1592
1098:1428–1527
1088:1407–1427
1078:1400–1407
1068:1225–1400
1058:1009–1225
938:Dominated
810:Iron Ages
765:Neolithic
626:Ngô Quyền
577:Estate(s)
553:Ngô Quyền
358:Ngô Quyền
45:talk page
4234:Đại Việt
4147:De facto
4005:Timeline
3924:(1971),
3910:(1998),
3896:(1993),
2899:Khúc Hạo
2468:(1956).
2365:Ngoai Ky
2035:Ngô Tịnh
1887:Wu Rida
1849:Dai Viet
1806:Chu Thái
1643:Jiedushi
1637:In 917,
1608:Jiedushi
1505:Monarchs
1500:Military
1468:By topic
1405:937–1253
1395:802–1431
1355:192–1832
1221:Republic
1152:Colonial
1048:980–1009
1005:Dynastic
683:a series
681:Part of
657:Jiedushi
636:in 938.
269:Jiedushi
259:Monarchy
84:citation
4096:Jingnan
2360:Su Quan
1861:typhoon
1745:retinue
1727:act as
1628:Liu Yan
1615:Zhu Wen
1485:Economy
1385:738–902
1381:Nanzhao
1375:550–781
1365:300–800
1314:Đổi Mới
1038:968–980
1028:965–968
1018:939–965
991:602–938
981:544–602
904:–258 BC
902:2879 BC
888:Ancient
694:Vietnam
618:chữ Hán
610:Chữ Nôm
606:Nhà Ngô
549:Founder
541:Founded
533:Country
514:Vietnam
418:•
370:•
356:•
343:•
290:(first)
246:Capital
217:939–965
146:improve
4209:Balhae
3945:
3888:Notes:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2586:
2482:
2454:
1853:Champa
1729:regent
1709:Cổ Loa
1590:, the
1371:Chenla
1351:Champa
1345:68–627
971:43–544
806:Bronze
685:on the
645:vassal
569:Titles
315:&
273:
250:Cổ Loa
135:, but
4183:]
4076:Wuyue
2395:...""
2369:vuong
2276:d.979
2161:d.954
2074:d.980
1520:Women
1515:Naval
1510:Names
1341:Funan
961:40–43
518:China
4229:Dali
4132:Zhao
4028:) /
3943:ISBN
2628:Đinh
2590:Khúc
2480:ISBN
2452:ISBN
1207:1945
808:and
596:The
265:King
86:and
4137:Yan
4085:Yin
4083:/ (
4081:Min
4071:Chu
4026:Jin
2609:Ngô
2566:in
2358:or
2260:?-?
2039:?–?
1645:of
590:968
528:Ngô
425:965
412:965
402:954
392:950
378:944
209:靜海軍
4290::
4181:zh
4127:Qi
4061:Wu
2639:Lê
2476:北京
2474:.
2448:北京
2446:.
2440:.
2400:^
2349:28
2347:.
1715:.
608:;
604::
48:.
4087:)
4024:(
4007:)
4003:(
3993:e
3986:t
3979:v
2556:e
2549:t
2542:v
2497:.
2488:.
2460:.
1569:e
1562:t
1555:v
616:(
600:(
267:/
189:)
183:(
171:)
165:(
160:)
156:(
142:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
90:.
80:.
55:)
51:(
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