464:
against them", White and Cane repeat this. They also mention "one of these encounters involved the colonial government sending a detachment of soldiers in 1826 to disperse a large and hostile gathering of
Ngunnawal Aborigines at Lake George". My friend, Dr Ann Jackson-Nakano, who has made a close study of the Lake George communities gives a detailed background to this hostility. "Communities banded together in large numbers to avenge the taking of their women by European stockmen at Lake George and Lake Bathurst. It incensed these groups enough when their Indigenous neighbours stole wives, as Govett and others described it, but they would not tolerate their women being taken by Europeans." (p 25; Weereewa History Series Volume 1).
36:
103:
293:, inaccurately stated that "Ngambri is the name of one of a number of family groups that make up the Ngunnawal nation." He went on to say that "the Government recognises members of the Ngunnawal nation as descendants of the original inhabitants of this region." He made the error after talking with multiracial people of part Ngunnawal descent whose forebears had come from Yass in the 1920s to find work.
328:
They were gradually displaced from the Yass area beginning in the 1820s when graziers began to occupy the land there. Some people worked at properties in the region. In 1826 many
Aboriginal people at Lake George protested an incident involving a shepherd and an Aboriginal woman, though the protesters
463:
George
Augustus Robinson, Chief Protector of Aborigines in Victoria, who toured through the Yass area in 1844 and stayed with Hamilton Hume, commented "The Yass and Bathurst Blacks in the early settling of the Colony were said to have been troublesome, and that in consequence Commandoes had gone out
308:
defines himself as one of the
Ngambri-Guumwaal, Guumwaal being a language name said to mean "high country". This claim to be a distinct nation is disputed by many other local Aboriginal people who say that the Ngambri are a small family who took their name from the Sullivan's Creek area located to
296:
In 2012 research for the ACT Government, "Our Kin, Our
Country", found "there is no basis within the description of the country supplied by Tindale. The research confirmed that the language spoken in the Canberra region was a dialect of Ngarigu, 'related to but distinguishable from the dialects
183:
229:, approximately on a line from Gundaroo to Wee Jasper. Sometimes the whole of the Burragorang language speaking area as far north as near Young is included as Ngunnawal, giving them a population in the 1830s of well over a thousand people.
232:
A major battle for ownership of the country was fought at Sutton between an invading
Ngunnawal band and the Nyamudy inhabitants, which the former won, establishing the Ngunnawal country, which did not extend further south along the
165:
peoples respectively. The two varieties are very closely related, being considered dialects of the one (unnamed) language, in the technical, linguistic sense of those terms. One classification of these varieties groups them with
325:, which has been dated to approximately 25,000 years ago. However, it is likely (based on older sites known from the surrounding regions) that human occupation of the region goes back considerably further.
579:
682:
1605:
336:" Ngunnawal person, Nellie Hamilton, dying in 1897, however, this is disputed by Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, as there are many Ngunnawal people still around today.
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622:
297:
spoken at Tumut and Monaro'". The report stated that evidence gathered from the mid-1700s onward was too scant to support any family's claims to be original owners.
218:
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221:(2011) and others shows that the Ngunnawal country was primarily the land surrounding the Yass River extending between Lake George to the east and the
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The
Ngunawal people were northern neighbours of the Nyamudy/Namadgi people who lived to the south on the Limestone Plains. The
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520:
1556:
671:
510:
380:
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The earliest direct evidence for
Aboriginal occupation in the area comes from a rock shelter near the area of Birrigai near
190:
When first encountered by
European colonisers in the 1820s, the Ngunawal-speaking Indigenous people lived around this area.
322:
627:
553:
455:
217:
to the west. To the south of Lake George was the county of the
Nyamudy speaking a Ngarigo dialect. Recent research by
1391:
87:
58:
274:
663:
151:
748:
660:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
210:
262:
130:
537:"Aboriginal languages and social groups in the Canberra region: interpreting the historical documentation"
613:
289:
The present dispute originated when the Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory at the time,
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286:, there were three groups in the region: the Ngunnawal, the Nyamudy/Namadgi and the Ngarigo.
202:
122:
269:
Ngambri-Guumaal, represented by Shane Mortimer, with widespread connections from across the
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Considering traditional Aboriginal affiliations in the ACT region: Draft Report
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Some Canberra-area Aboriginal people in inland southeast Australia, including
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to the west, while the southern boundary of the Ngunnawal people was north of
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According to settlers living in the area in the 1830s, such as quoted in the
19:
This article is about the Indigenous Australian group. For the language, see
1221:
1193:
1074:
948:
780:
610:"SCULPTURE FORUM 95: ABORIGINAL ART at the Canberra Contemporary Art Space"
290:
541:
Indigenous Language and Social Identity: papers in honour of Michael Walsh
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1004:
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580:
The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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246:
23:. For the suburban district in the Australian Capital Territory, see
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186:
Traditional lands of the Ngunnawal peoples of New South Wales
1306:
906:
1606:
Indigenous Australians in the Australian Capital Territory
193:
Their tribal country according to the early ethnographer,
728:
435:
265:
in the Canberra area: the Ngambri, the Ngarigo, and the
16:
Aboriginal Australian group of southern NSW and the ACT
575:"The Wiradyuri and Other Languages of New South Wales"
399:
256:
387:
368:
253:(to the north) peoples also bordered the Ngunnawal.
683:"Canberra's first people still a matter for debate"
498:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
423:
523:. ABC Australia. 25 November 2005. Archived from
469:
411:
332:Historical records of Australia record the last "
161:, the traditional languages of the Ngunnawal and
1592:
57:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
714:
623:"What is the Aboriginal history of Canberra?"
519:
441:
359:Legal status of native title not current.
721:
707:
1515:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
181:
101:
650:
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379:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKoch2102 (
25:Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory
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1601:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales
702:
608:McKeon, Rosemarie (20 October 1995).
491:
393:
197:, stated their country extended from
635:
551:
531:
453:
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29:
13:
257:Dispute over traditional ownership
14:
1622:
784:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
261:At present, three groups contest
644:ACT Government Genealogy Project
621:Osborne, Tegan (28 April 2016).
521:"The Future of the Tent Embassy"
34:
316:
152:Australian Aboriginal languages
664:Australian National University
552:Kwok, Natalie (January 2013).
447:
346:
174:languages of New South Wales.
1:
681:Towell, Noel (9 April 2013).
362:
352:This map is indicative only.
131:Australian Capital Territory
7:
454:Bell, Eric Bernard (2011).
136:
106:Ngunnawal art, possibly an
10:
1627:
741:Aboriginal language groups
587:(July–December): 284–305.
503:Cambridge University Press
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177:
140:
18:
1524:
1504:
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800:
791:Western Bundjalung people
758:
740:
240:
456:"Looking Back: My Story"
339:
304:, identify as Ngambri.
43:This article includes a
652:Tindale, Norman Barnett
329:moved away peacefully.
72:more precise citations.
1005:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
187:
110:
1530:By state or territory
749:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
637:"Our Kin Our Country"
209:southwards as far as
185:
105:
1377:Aboriginal languages
616:on 6 September 2004.
170:, as one of several
150:and Gundungurra are
545:Pacific Linguistics
313:in the late 1990s.
117:people, also spelt
1543:Northern Territory
872:Western Bundjalung
801:Aboriginal peoples
759:Aboriginal nations
687:The Canberra Times
442:ABC Australia 2005
249:(to the west) and
188:
172:southern tableland
143:Ngunnawal language
111:
45:list of references
21:Ngunnawal language
1588:
1587:
1578:Western Australia
935:Gidhabal/Githabul
693:on 10 April 2013.
673:978-0-708-10741-6
512:978-0-521-47378-1
123:Aboriginal people
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689:. Archived from
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656:"Ngunawal (NSW)"
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612:. Archived from
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377:, p. 17–18.
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267:Walgalu speaking
213:to the east and
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68:this article by
59:inline citations
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527:on 13 May 2008.
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493:Dixon, R. M. W.
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49:related reading
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646:. August 2012.
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563:ACT government
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306:Shane Mortimer
283:Queanbeyan Age
275:Blue Mountains
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141:Main article:
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133:in Australia.
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691:the original
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471:
462:
449:
437:
430:Osborne 2016
425:
413:
406:Mathews 1904
401:
389:
370:
358:
348:
334:full-blooded
331:
327:
320:
317:Native title
309:the east of
299:
295:
291:Jon Stanhope
288:
281:
279:
260:
244:
231:
223:Murrumbidgee
215:Goodradigbee
192:
189:
156:Pama-Nyungan
146:
125:of southern
118:
114:
112:
99:
84:
75:
64:Please help
56:
1474:Wemba Wemba
1436:Madhi Madhi
1426:Gamilaraay
1419:Dyirringany
1392:Bandjalang
1325:Cammeraygal
1215:Wemba-Wemba
1166:Yuwaalaraay
1068:Muthi Muthi
837:Barranbinya
732:peoples in
476:McKeon 1995
418:Towell 2013
251:Gundungurra
219:Harold Koch
211:Lake George
70:introducing
1595:Categories
1550:Queensland
1443:Nganywyana
1402:Darkinjung
1290:Kombumerri
1201:Wanjiwalku
1187:Wandandian
1040:Malyangapa
1012:Kula/Kurnu
998:Karenggapa
963:Himberrong
921:Gandangara
914:Gamilaraay
900:Djiringanj
879:Darkinyung
865:Bundjalung
730:Aboriginal
394:Dixon 2002
273:up to the
235:Yass River
163:Gandangara
1481:Wiradjuri
1464:Tharawal
1457:Ngunnawal
1450:Ngiyambaa
1411:(or Eora)
1339:Gorualgal
1294:Mununjali
1243:Wiradjuri
1236:Wilyakali
1138:Paaruntyi
1131:Paakantyi
1124:Ngunnawal
1117:Ngiyampaa
1082:Nari-Nari
1019:Kuringgai
774:Kuringgai
375:Koch 2102
363:Citations
263:ownership
247:Wiradjuri
154:from the
148:Ngunnawal
121:, are an
115:Ngunnawal
78:July 2021
1611:Canberra
1571:Victoria
1564:Tasmania
1509:See also
1495:Yugambeh
1385:Awabakal
1346:Jerrinja
1298:Tulgigin
1278:Yugambeh
1257:Wonnarua
1250:Wodiwodi
1173:Walbunja
1152:Tharawal
1145:Barindji
1061:Muruwari
1033:Kwiambal
1026:Kureinji
984:Jukambal
977:Jitajita
928:Geawegal
893:Djangadi
851:Bigambul
844:Bidjigal
823:Awabakal
654:(1974).
628:ABC News
573:(1904).
535:(2010).
495:(2002).
227:Canberra
199:Goulburn
137:Language
129:and the
119:Ngunawal
1409:Dharug
1353:Ngambri
1332:Gadigal
1284:Clans:
1271:Yaygirr
1229:Wiyabal
1208:Weilwan
1180:Walgalu
1110:Ngarigo
1103:Ngarbal
1096:Ngambaa
1054:Milpulo
1047:Maraura
991:Galibal
956:Gweagal
858:Birrbay
816:Arakwal
601:2843103
485:Sources
207:Boorowa
178:Country
168:Ngarigo
108:echidna
66:improve
1488:Worimi
1367:Wangal
1264:Worimi
970:Jeithi
830:Banbai
809:Anēwan
670:
599:
509:
323:Tharwa
241:People
159:family
1159:Thaua
1089:Ngaku
886:Darug
781:Murri
767:Koori
640:(PDF)
597:JSTOR
559:(PDF)
459:(PDF)
340:Notes
51:, or
1307:Yuin
907:Eora
668:ISBN
507:ISBN
381:help
205:and
203:Yass
113:The
589:doi
201:to
1597::
1296:,
1292:,
1288:,
685:.
666:.
662:.
658:.
642:.
625:.
595:.
585:34
583:.
577:.
561:.
543:.
539:.
505:.
501:.
277:.
55:,
47:,
722:e
715:t
708:v
676:.
631:.
603:.
591::
565:.
547:.
515:.
478:.
444:.
432:.
420:.
383:)
91:)
85:(
80:)
76:(
62:.
27:.
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