17666:
profile are appropriate when applied to these peoples. Here we analyze the classification trends of a modern
Filipino sample (n = 110) when using the Fordisc 3.1 (FD3) software. We hypothesize that Filipinos represent an admixed population drawn largely from Asian and marginally from European parental gene pools, such that FD3 will classify these individuals morphometrically into reference samples that reflect a range of European admixture, in quantities from small to large. Our results show the greatest classification into Asian reference groups (72.7%), followed by Hispanic (12.7%), Indigenous American (7.3%), African (4.5%), and European (2.7%) groups included in FD3. This general pattern did not change between males and females. Moreover, replacing the raw craniometric values with their shape variables did not significantly alter the trends already observed. These classification trends for Filipino crania provide useful information for casework interpretation in forensic laboratory practice. Our findings can help biological anthropologists to better understand the evolutionary, population historical, and statistical reasons for FD3-generated classifications. The results of our study indicate that ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology would benefit from population-focused research that gives consideration to histories of colonialism and periods of admixture.
7366:
7643:. Native American genetic ancestry is occasionally dubbed as "Amerindian". This type of ancestry largely overlaps with "Paleosiberian" ancestry but is differentiated from "Neo-Siberian" ancestry which represents historical expansions from Northeast Asia and is today widespread among Siberian populations. The ancestors of Native Americans used a single migration route, most likely through Beringia, and subsequently populated all of the Americas in a time range between 25,000 and 15,000 years ago. Possible contact between Native Americans and Polynesians dates back to 1,400 years ago. Previously hypothesized "Paleo-Indian" groups turned out to be genetically identical to modern Native Americans. The controversial claim that the first peoples came from Europe via the North Atlantic, based on an ostensible similarity in stone-tool technology between the Solutrean culture of Pleistocene Europe and Clovis in North America, was undermined by the genome of the Anzick Clovis child, which sits squarely on the branch of Ancestral Native American peoples. No ancient or present-day genome (or mtDNA or Y chromosome marker) in the Americas has shown any direct affinities to Upper Palaeolithic European populations.
7255:
3188:
7390:
22604:
7699:
1791:), with an estimated population of 200,000 for the city proper and a population of close to five million for the extended empire. By comparison, the largest European cities in the 16th century were Constantinople and Paris with 300,000 and 200,000 inhabitants respectively. The population in London, Madrid, and Rome hardly exceeded 50,000 people. In 1523, right around the time of the Spanish conquest, the entire population in the country of England was just under three million people. This fact speaks to the level of sophistication, agriculture, governmental procedure, and rule of law that existed in Tenochtitlan, needed to govern over such a large citizenry. Indigenous civilizations also displayed impressive accomplishments in astronomy and mathematics, including the most accurate calendar in the world. The domestication of
5620:
2341:
residential schools have more negative health outcomes (e.g., suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and depression) than those who did not have a connection to residential schools. Additionally, Indigenous respondents with higher HLS and HLASS scores had one or more negative health outcomes. While there are many studies that found an association between IHT and adverse health outcomes, scholars continue to suggest that it remains difficult to understand the impact of IHT. IHT needs to be systematically measured. Indigenous people also need to be understood in separate categories based on similar experiences, location, and background as opposed to being categorized as one monolithic group.
5608:
2384:
4499:
40:
24605:
24575:
1393:. Some consider it improper to refer to Indigenous people as "Indigenous Americans" or to append any colonial nationality to the term because Indigenous cultures existed before European colonization. Indigenous groups have territorial claims that are different from modern national and international borders, and when labeled as part of a country, their traditional lands are not acknowledged. Some who have written guidelines consider it more appropriate to describe an Indigenous person as "living in" or "of" the Americas, rather than calling them "American"; or simply calling them "Indigenous" without any addition of a colonial state.
2397:
1657:
5252:
24590:
24560:
24545:
4227:
3757:
575:
4366:
20401:
1850:
4736:
1866:
3547:
5145:
3697:
683:
1913:
21100:
3457:
215:
4798:
7647:
3787:
1835:
647:
611:
19052:
population of at least two different Native
American source populations from Asia to the Americas (von Cramon-Taubadel et al., 2017). Our finding that early Holocene individuals with such a morphology are consistent with deriving all their ancestry from the same homogeneous ancestral population as other Native Americans extends the finding of Raghavan et al., 2015 who came to a similar conclusion after analyzing Native Americans inferred to have Paleoamerican morphology who lived within the last millennium.
6437:
5872:
968:
1416:
19133:
isolation, admixture, continuity and replacement, and their genomes help to illuminate the relationships among major subgroups of Native
American populations. Notably, all ancient individuals in the Americas, save for later-arriving Arctic peoples, are more closely related to contemporary Indigenous American individuals than to any other population elsewhere, which challenges the claim—which is based on anatomical evidence—that there was an early, non-Native American population in the Americas.
1891:
7374:
3517:
152:
1328:
5955:
1383:", to recognize the primacy of Indigenous peoples' tenure in the nation. As may be expected among people of over 400 different cultures in the US alone, not all of the people intended to be described by this term have agreed on its use or adopted it. No single group naming convention has been accepted by all Indigenous peoples in the Americas. Most prefer to be addressed as people of their tribe or nations when not speaking about Native Americans/American Indians as a whole.
7713:
540:
2910:
3727:
629:
557:
3667:
522:
2960:
25149:
400:
6342:
6123:
952:
361:
5713:
4177:
3817:
3427:
463:
299:
236:
92:
6046:
4057:
593:
379:
341:
4117:
3937:
502:
194:
3205:
3967:
3847:
3637:
3577:
665:
257:
131:
5494:
5241:
4147:
1306:
442:
6634:
4027:
484:
421:
4527:
3487:
320:
71:
3607:
3907:
173:
4825:
4511:
4087:
110:
3877:
278:
4810:
3997:
1046:) for the Indigenous inhabitants, which implied some kind of ethnic or cultural unity among the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. This unifying concept, codified in law, religion, and politics, was not originally accepted by the myriad groups of Indigenous peoples themselves but has since been embraced or tolerated by many over the last two centuries. The term "Indian" generally does not include the culturally and
16075:
de; Burley, Mari-Wyn; Konca, Esra; Oliveira, Marcelo
Zagonel de; Veronez, Mauricio Roberto; Rubio-Codina, Marta; Attanasio, Orazio; Gibbon, Sahra; Ray, Nicolas; Gallo, Carla; Poletti, Giovanni; Rosique, Javier; Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Bedoya, Gabriel; Balding, David; Gonzalez-José, Rolando (25 September 2014).
1610:
25159:
2372:
5753:
1637:
14679:
5884:
5304:) are spoken as a first language. Of these 23 languages, they only received official recognition by the Government in 2003 under the Law of National Languages. The Law on National Languages recognizes 23 Indigenous languages including Xinca, enforcing that public and government institutions not only translate but also provide services in said languages. It would provide services in
5944:
5850:, the President called it "a historic day for the peasant and Indigenous movement", saying that, though he might make errors, he would "never betray the fight started by our ancestors and the fight of the Bolivian people". A vote on further autonomy for jurisdictions took place in December 2009, at the same time as general elections to office. The issue divided the country.
931:, mestizos are typically not counted among the Indigenous population unless they speak an Indigenous language or identify with a specific Indigenous culture. Additionally, many individuals of wholly Indigenous descent who do not follow Indigenous traditions or speak an Indigenous language have been classified or self-identify as mestizo due to assimilation into the dominant
6455:. But those who identify as Indigenous, from being raised in those cultures, make up only around 2% of the total population. The Indigenous peoples speak around 29 different languages and many more dialects. As some of the ethnic groups are very small, their native languages are in danger of becoming extinct in the next decades. The most important Indigenous groups are the
3172:
1120:. Over time, as societal perceptions and government–indigenous relationships have shifted, many historical terms have changed definitions or been replaced as they have fallen out of favor. The use of the term "Indian" is frowned upon because it represents the imposition and restriction of Indigenous peoples and cultures by the Canadian Government. The terms "Native" and "
2532:
6370:
Renato
Rosaldo has called, "the right to be different and to belong, in a democratic, participatory sense" (1996:243)—is not yet very well developed in Peru. This is perhaps no more apparent than in the country's Amazonian regions where Indigenous societies continue to struggle against state-sponsored economic abuses, cultural discrimination, and pervasive violence.
11012:
E.; Barba-Pingarón, Luis; Ortiz-Butrón, Agustín; Blancas-Vázquez, Jorge; Rivera-González, Irán; Solís-Rosales, Corina; Rodríguez-Ceja, María; Gandy, Devlin A.; Navarro-Gutierrez, Zamara; de la Rosa-Díaz, Jesús J.; Huerta-Arellano, Vladimir; Marroquín-Fernández, Marco B.; Martínez-Riojas, L. Martin; López-Jiménez, Alejandro; Higham, Thomas; Willerslev, Eske (2020).
5699:(Ona) people are now virtually extinct in its pure form. The languages of the Diaguita, Tehuelche, and Selk'nam nations have become extinct or virtually extinct: the Cacán language (spoken by Diaguitas) in the 18th century and the Selk'nam language in the 20th century; one Tehuelche language (Southern Tehuelche) is still spoken by a handful of elderly people.
14675:
1081:. It has been controversial ever since its creation. It was immediately rejected by some leading members of the Association, and, while adopted by many, it was never universally accepted. While never popular in Indigenous communities themselves, it remains a preferred term among some anthropologists, notably in some parts of Canada and the
6483:, who lived in the Venezuelan Andes. Historians estimate that there were between 350 thousand and 500 thousand Indigenous inhabitants at the time of Spanish colonization. The most densely populated area was the Andean region (Timoto-cuicas), thanks to their advanced agricultural techniques and ability to produce a surplus of food.
2096:, that were relatively manageable if infected as a child, but were deadly if infected as an adult. Children could often survive the disease, resulting in immunity to the disease for the rest of their lives. But contact with adult populations without this childhood or inherited immunity would result in these diseases proving fatal.
2485:
3039:. There are remnants of Zapotec writing in inscriptions on some of the monumental architecture of the period, but so few inscriptions are extant that it is difficult to fully describe the writing system. The oldest example of the Zapotec script, dating from around 600 BCE, is on a monument that was discovered in
16571:
1779:, had their written languages and records. However, the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs and burned many pre-Columbian written records. Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.
19132:
It is now evident that the initial dispersal involved the movement from northeast Asia. The first peoples, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread widely, expanded rapidly and branched into multiple populations. Their descendants—over the next fifteen millennia—experienced varying degrees of
17360:
Zambrano, Ana Karina; Gaviria, Aníbal; Cobos-Navarrete, Santiago; Gruezo, Carmen; Rodríguez-Pollit, Cristina; Armendáriz-Castillo, Isaac; García-Cárdenas, Jennyfer M.; Guerrero, Santiago; López-Cortés, Andrés; Leone, Paola E.; Pérez-Villa, Andy; Guevara-Ramírez, Patricia; Yumiceba, Verónica; Fiallos,
4718:
and documents in their native languages. Along with
Spanish, the law has granted them—more than 60 languages—the status of "national languages". The law includes all Indigenous languages of the Americas regardless of origin; that is, it includes the Indigenous languages of ethnic groups non-native to
3024:, but a few are variations on the same sign or have the same meaning, many appear only rarely or in particular localities, no more than about five hundred were in use in any given time, and, of those, it seems only about two hundred (including variations) represented a particular phoneme or syllable.
2928:
The languages of the North
American Indians have been classified into 56 groups or stock tongues, in which the spoken languages of the tribes may be said to center. In connection with speech, reference may be made to gesture language which was highly developed in parts of this area. Of equal interest
2304:
ancestry studies ask respondents if their parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, or "elders from their community" went to a residential school to understand if family or community history in residential schools is associated with negative health outcomes. In a comprehensive review of the research
17876:
Fedorova, Sardana A.; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Metspalu, Mait; Rootsi, Siiri; Tambets, Kristiina; Trofimova, Natalya; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Kashani, Baharak
Hooshiar; Olivieri, Anna; Voevoda, Mikhail I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Platonov, Fedor A.; Tomsky, Mikhail I.; Khusnutdinova, Elza K. (19 June
16074:
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; Avila, Francisco de; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; León-Mimila, Paola; Hunemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Cerqueira, Caio C. Silva
6369:
of mixed indigenous and
European descent, who make up the majority of the population. Genetic testing indicates that Peruvian Mestizos are of predominantly indigenous ancestry. Indigenous traditions and customs have shaped the way Peruvians live and see themselves today. Cultural citizenship—or what
4638:
census, 23.2 million people (19.4% of the
Mexican population aged 3 years and older) self-identified as indigenous. Somewhat contradictorily, in the same 2020 census, 11.8 million people (9.3% of the Mexican population) were determined to be indigenous by the Mexican government based on the language
2340:
used in the various samples comprises a huge population of individuals with drastically different experiences and histories. That being said some studies such as Bombay, Matheson, and Anisman (2014), Elias et al. (2012), and Pearce et al. (2008) found that Indigenous respondents with a connection to
1932:
The European colonization of the Americas fundamentally changed the lives and cultures of the resident Indigenous peoples. Although the exact pre-colonization population count of the Americas is unknown, scholars estimate that Indigenous populations diminished by between 80% and 90% during the first
13870:
Ní Leathlobhair, Máire; Perri, Angela R; Irving-Pease, Evan K; Witt, Kelsey E; Linderholm, Anna; Haile, James; Lebrasseur, Ophelie; Ameen, Carly; Blick, Jeffrey; Boyko, Adam R; Brace, Selina; Cortes, Yahaira Nunes; Crockford, Susan J; Devault, Alison; Dimopoulos, Evangelos A; Eldridge, Morley; Enk,
13755:
In Tenochtitlan, during the famine of 1 Rabbit in 1454, Moctezuma Ilhuicamina distributed food from the royal granaries to the poor. When the stores ran out, he gave permission for the populace to leave the city to find food elsewhere and people left. The populations of Texcoco, Chalco, Xochimilco,
11011:
Ardelean, Ciprian F.; Becerra-Valdivia, Lorena; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Schwenninger, Jean-Luc; Oviatt, Charles G.; Macías-Quintero, Juan I.; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Sikora, Martin; Ocampo-Díaz, Yam Zul E.; Rubio-Cisneros, Igor I.; Watling, Jennifer G.; De Medeiros, Vanda B.; De Oliveira, Paulo
6167:
Between 55% and 65% of Ecuador's population consists of Mestizos of mixed indigenous and European ancestry while indigenous people comprise about 25%. Genetic analysis indicates that Ecuadorian Mestizos are of predominantly indigenous ancestry. Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population
5639:) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of the total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an Indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an Indigenous people. The ten most populous Indigenous peoples are the
3376:
The following table provides estimates for each country or territory in the Americas of the populations of Indigenous people and those with partial Indigenous ancestry, each expressed as a percentage of the overall population. The total percentage obtained by adding both of these categories is also
2295:
and systematically collect data when studying IHT. Many of the studies that incorporate IHT measure it in different ways, making it hard to compile data and review it holistically. This is an important point that provides context for the following studies that attempt to understand the relationship
1956:
to the Americas. Like Indigenous peoples, these African people, newly exposed to European diseases, lacked any inherited resistance to the diseases of Europe. In 1520, an African who had been infected with smallpox had arrived in Yucatán. By 1558, the disease had spread throughout South America and
1386:
Since the 1970s, the word "Indigenous", which is capitalized when referring to people, has gradually emerged as a favored umbrella term. The capitalization is to acknowledge that Indigenous peoples have cultures and societies that are equal to Europeans, Africans, and Asians. This has recently been
5764:
In Bolivia, the 2012 National Census reported that 41% of residents over the age of 15 are of Indigenous origin. Some 3.7% report growing up with an Indigenous mother tongue but do not identify as Indigenous. When both of these categories are totaled, and children under 15, some 66.4% of Bolivia's
5331:
The Law of National Languages has been an effort to grant and protect Indigenous people rights not afforded to them previously. Along with the Law of National Languages passed in 2003, in 1996 the Guatemalan Constitutional Court had ratified the ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.
4731:
in some Indigenous rural communities. Nonetheless, of the Indigenous peoples in Mexico, 93% are either native speakers or bilingual second-language speakers of Spanish with only about 62.4% of them (or 5.4% of the country's population) speaking an Indigenous language and about a sixth do not speak
2508:
in a controlled manner. They carried out the intentional burning of vegetation to mimic the effects of natural fires that tended to clear forest understories. It made travel easier and facilitated the growth of herbs and berry-producing plants, which were important both for food and for medicines.
6280:
During the early stages of colonization, the indigenous peoples in Guyana partook in trade relations with Dutch settlers and assisted in militia services such as hunting down escaped slaves for the British, which continued until the 19th century. Indigenous Guyanese people are responsible for the
5295:
The Mayan tribes cover a vast geographic area throughout Central America and expand beyond Guatemala into other countries. One could find vast groups of Mayan people in Boca Costa, in the Southern portions of Guatemala, as well as the Western Highlands living together in close communities. Within
2299:
Some of the methodologies to measure IHT include a "Historical Losses Scale" (HLS), "Historical Losses Associated Symptoms Scale" (HLASS), and residential school ancestry studies. HLS uses a survey format that includes "12 kinds of historical losses", such as loss of language and loss of land and
2290:
Many studies (such as Whitbeck et al., 2014; Brockie, 2012; Anastasio et al., 2016; Clark & Winterowd, 2012; Tucker et al., 2016) have evaluated the impact of IHT on health outcomes of Indigenous communities from the United States and Canada. IHT is a difficult term to standardize and measure
1585:
and pushed back the possible date of the first peopling of the Americas. Academics generally believe that humans reached North America south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at some point between 15,000 and 20,000 years ago. Some new controversial archaeological evidence suggests the possibility that
5810:
retained Indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques" to further communal
4925:
In the 2020 census 2.9% of the U.S. population claimed to have some degree of Native American heritage. When answering a question about racial background, 3.7 million people identified solely as "American Indian or Alaska Native", while another 5.9 million did so in combination with other races.
1349:
The various nations, tribes, and bands of Indigenous peoples of the Americas have differing preferences in terminology for themselves. While there are regional and generational variations in which umbrella terms are preferred for Indigenous peoples as a whole, in general, most Indigenous peoples
17665:
ABSTRACT: Filipinos represent a significant contemporary demographic group globally, yet they are underrepresented in the forensic anthropological literature. Given the complex population history of the Philippines, it is important to ensure that traditional methods for assessing the biological
16012:
Silva-Zolezzi, Irma; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Estrada-Gil, Jesus; Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos; Uribe-Figueroa, Laura; Contreras, Alejandra; Balam-Ortiz, Eros; del Bosque-Plata, Laura; Velazquez-Fernandez, David; Lara, Cesar; Goya, Rodrigo; Hernandez-Lemus, Enrique; Davila, Carlos; Barrientos,
5204:
or Mexico, but upon learning of the fertile land in El Salvador, they attempted to conquer it. Noted Meso-American Indigenous warriors to rise militarily against the Spanish included Princes Atonal and Atlacatl of the Pipil people in central El Salvador and Princess Antu Silan Ulap of the Lenca
11360:
Chatters, James C.; Potter, Ben A.; Prentiss, Anna Marie; Fiedel, Stuart J.; Haynes, Gary; Kelly, Robert L.; Kilby, J. David; Lanoë, François; Holland-Lulewicz, Jacob; Miller, D. Shane; Morrow, Juliet E.; Perri, Angela R.; Rademaker, Kurt M.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Ritchison, Brandon T.; Sanchez,
5209:
along with their Indigenous allies (the Tlaxcalas), sending them back to Guatemala. After many other attacks with an army reinforced with Indigenous allies, the Spanish were able to conquer Cuzcatlan. After further attacks, the Spanish also conquered the Lenca people. Eventually, the Spaniards
2891:, where millennia of coexistence and shared development among the peoples of the region produced a fairly homogeneous culture with complex agricultural and social patterns. Another well-known example is the North American plains where until the 19th century several peoples shared the traits of
7654:
The date for the formation of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas gene pool ranges from 36,000 to 25,000 years ago, with their internal diverging being around 21,000 years ago, during the settlement of the Americas. Native Americans formed from the admixture of a lineage that diverged from
3259:
such as drums, flutes, sea shells (used as trumpets), and "rain" tubes. No remnants of pre-Columbian stringed instruments were found until archaeologists discovered a jar in Guatemala, attributed to the Maya of the Late Classic Era (600–900 CE); this jar was decorated with imagery depicting a
2091:
There are many factors as to why Indigenous peoples suffered such immense losses from Afro-Eurasian diseases. Many Old World diseases, like cow pox, are acquired from domesticated animals that are not indigenous to the Americas. European populations had adapted to these diseases, and built up
19519:
Posth, Cosimo; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Skoglund, Pontus; Mallick, Swapan; Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Rohland, Nadin; Nägele, Kathrin; Adamski, Nicole; Bertolini, Emilie; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Cooper, Alan; Culleton, Brendan J.; Ferraz, Tiago; Ferry, Matthew (15 November 2018).
19291:
Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Potter, Ben A.; Vinner, Lasse; Steinrücken, Matthias; Rasmussen, Simon; Terhorst, Jonathan; Kamm, John A.; Albrechtsen, Anders; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Sikora, Martin; Reuther, Joshua D.; Irish, Joel D.; Malhi, Ripan S.; Orlando, Ludovic; Song, Yun S. (January 2018).
19051:
Our finding of no excess allele sharing with non-Native American populations in the ancient samples is also striking as many of these individuals—including those at Lapa do Santo—have a "Paleoamerican" cranial morphology that has been suggested to be evidence of the spread of a substructured
19000:
Posth, Cosimo; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Lazaridis, Iosif; Skoglund, Pontus; Mallick, Swapan; Lamnidis, Thiseas C.; Rohland, Nadin; Nägele, Kathrin; Adamski, Nicole; Bertolini, Emilie; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Cooper, Alan; Culleton, Brendan J.; Ferraz, Tiago; Ferry, Matthew (15 November 2018).
5160:
Estimates for El Salvador's indigenous population vary. The last time a reported census had an Indigenous ethnic option was in 2007, which estimated that 0.23% of the population identified as Indigenous. Historically, estimates have claimed higher amounts. A 1930 census stated that 5.6% were
817:, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies, and empires. These societies possessed varying levels of knowledge in fields such as engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, agriculture, irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, sculpture, and goldsmithing.
5161:
Indigenous. By the mid-20th century, there may have been as much as 20% (or 400,000) that would qualify as "Indigenous". Another estimate stated that by the late 1980s, 10% of the population was Indigenous, and another 89% was mestizo (or people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry).
3102:
from the colonial era, many of which were part of lawsuits and other legal matters. Although Spaniards initially taught Indigenous scribes alphabetic writing, the tradition became self-perpetuating at the local level. The Spanish crown gathered such documentation, and contemporary Spanish
2422:
For thousands of years, Indigenous peoples domesticated, bred, and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute between 50% and 60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the Indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through
1143:
who, with their larger population (in most Latin American countries constituting either outright majorities, pluralities, or at the least large minorities), identify largely as a new ethnic group distinct from both Europeans and Indigenous, but still considering themselves a subset of the
7671:
and Ancestral Native Americans. Both Paleo-Siberians and Ancestral Native Americans derive between 32 and 44% of their ancestry from Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), and 56–68% ancestry from Ancient East Asians. Based on a 2023 mitochondrial DNA study, a subsequent wave of migration from
1948:, which the early colonists brought from Europe. The spread of infectious diseases was slow initially, as most Europeans were not actively or visibly infected, due to inherited immunity from generations of exposure to these diseases in Europe. This changed when the Europeans began the
5432:
came about through frequent contact with the British, who colonized the area. Many Miskitos are Christians. Traditional Miskito society was highly structured, politically and otherwise. It had a king, but he did not have total power. Instead, the power was split between himself, a
12430:"Africans in bondage: studies in slavery and the slave trade : essays in honor of Philip D. Curtin on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of African Studies at the University of Wisconsin: Chapter 1: When did smallpox reach the New World (and why does it matter)?"
919:, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, and Paraguay. Mestizos outnumber Indigenous peoples in most Spanish-speaking countries, according to estimates of ethnic cultural identification. However, since Indigenous communities in the Americas are defined by
18799:
Raghavan, Maanasa; Skoglund, Pontus; Graf, Kelly E.; Metspalu, Mait; Albrechtsen, Anders; Moltke, Ida; Rasmussen, Simon; Stafford Jr, Thomas W.; Orlando, Ludovic; Metspalu, Ene; Karmin, Monika; Tambets, Kristiina; Rootsi, Siiri; Mägi, Reedik; Campos, Paula F. (January 2014).
6326:
is recognized as an official language alongside Spanish, with approximately 90% of the population speaking Guaraní. The indigenous population in Paraguay suffers from several social issues such as low literacy rates and inaccessibility to safe drinking water and electricity.
5336:, is also known as Convention 169. Which is the only International Law regarding Indigenous peoples that Independent countries can adopt. The convention establishes that governments like Guatemala must consult with Indigenous groups before any projects occur on tribal lands.
5827:
and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and giving official titles to Indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted "grassroots territorial organizations;" these are recognized by the state and have certain rights to govern local areas.
1353:
Early settlers often adopted terms that some tribes used for each other, not realizing these were derogatory terms used by enemies. When discussing broader subsets of peoples, naming has often been based on shared language, region, or historical relationship. Many English
6805:
16578:
17816:
Yu, He; Spyrou, Maria A.; Karapetian, Marina; Shnaider, Svetlana; Radzevičiūtė, Rita; Nägele, Kathrin; Neumann, Gunnar U.; Penske, Sandra; Zech, Jana; Lucas, Mary; LeRoux, Petrus; Roberts, Patrick; Pavlenok, Galina; Buzhilova, Alexandra; Posth, Cosimo (11 June 2020).
2019:(also King of Spain) sent Captain Francisco Barrionuevo to negotiate a peace treaty with the ever-increasing number of rebels. Two months later, after consultation with the Audencia of Santo Domingo, Enriquillo was offered any part of the island to live in peace.
1782:
According to both Indigenous and European accounts and documents, American civilizations before and at the time of European encounter had achieved great complexity and many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world,
3354:, Mexico) and, finally, not to import more instruments so that the indigenous people would not have access to them. The latter was not an obstacle to the musical enjoyment of the natives, who experienced the making of instruments, particularly rubbed strings (
5901:
make up 0.4% of Brazil's population, or about 817,000 people, but millions of Brazilians are mestizo or have some Indigenous ancestry. Indigenous peoples are found in the entire territory of Brazil, although in the 21st century, the majority of them live in
8155:
Sum of population aged 12 years and older who identify as Quechua (5,176,809), Aimara (548,292), Native or Indigenous from the Amazon (79,266), Ashaninka (55,489), Part of another Indigenous or originary peoples (49,838), Awajun (37,690) and Shipibo Konibo
7622:
Multiple recent findings on autosomal DNA and full genome revealed more information about the formation, settlement, and external relationships of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas to other populations. Native Americans are very closely related to the
1676:' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of Indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the pre-contact
2107:. Their culture was destroyed by 1650. Only 500 had survived by the year 1550, though the bloodlines continued through to the modern populace. In Amazonia, Indigenous societies weathered, and continue to suffer, centuries of colonization and genocide.
1124:" are generally regarded as disrespectful (in Canada), and so are rarely used unless specifically required. While "Indigenous peoples" is the preferred term, many individuals or communities may choose to describe their identity using a different term.
888:, have millions of speakers and are recognized as official by governments in Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, and Greenland. Indigenous peoples, whether residing in rural or urban areas, often maintain aspects of their cultural practices, including religion,
1957:
had arrived at the Plata basin. Colonist violence towards Indigenous peoples accelerated the loss of lives. European colonists perpetrated massacres on the Indigenous peoples and enslaved them. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1894), the
17045:
17025:
17005:
1358:
have been used to refer to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Some of these names were based on foreign language terms used by earlier explorers and colonists, while others resulted from the colonists' attempts to translate or transliterate
4633:
of mixed indigenous and European ancestry (with a minor African contribution) are still a majority of the population. Genetic studies vary over whether indigenous or European ancestry predominates in the Mexican Mestizo population. In the 2020
2110:
Contact with European diseases such as smallpox and measles killed between 50 and 67 percent of the Indigenous population of North America in the first hundred years after the arrival of Europeans. Some 90 percent of the native population near
13871:
Jacob; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gori, Kevin; Grimes, Vaughan; Guiry, Eric; Hansen, Anders J; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Johnson, John; Kitchen, Andrew; Kasparov, Aleksei K; Kwon, Young-Mi; Nikolskiy, Pavel A; Lope, Carlos Peraza; et al. (2018).
7522:
among eastern Asian and Native American populations has been noted. Some subclades of C and D that have been found in the limited populations of Native Americans who have agreed to DNA testing bear some resemblance to the C and D subclades in
3383:
these categories are inconsistently defined and measured differently from country to country. Some figures are based on the results of population-wide genetic surveys while others are based on self-identification or observational estimation.
17000:
Indigenous identification was treated in a complex way in the 2001 Census, which collected data based on three criteria: self-identification, capacity to speak an indigenous language, and learning an indigenous language as a child. CEPAL,
5210:
intermarried with Pipil and Lenca women, resulting in the mestizo population that would make up the vast majority of the Salvadoran people. Today many Pipil and other Indigenous populations live in the many small towns of El Salvador like
4287:
are some of the earliest known sites of human habitation in Canada. The characteristics of Indigenous cultures in Canada prior to Europen colonization included permanent settlements, agriculture, civic and ceremonial architecture, complex
15600:
6846:
1512:
While there is general agreement that the Americas were first settled from Asia, the pattern of migration and the place(s) of origin in Eurasia of the peoples who migrated to the Americas remain unclear. The traditional theory is that
2305:
literature, Joseph Gone and colleagues compiled and compared outcomes for studies using these IHT measures relative to the health outcomes of Indigenous peoples. The study defined negative health outcomes to include such concepts as
18238:
Starikovskaya, Elena B.; Sukernik, Rem I.; Derbeneva, Olga A.; Volodko, Natalia V.; Ruiz-Pesini, Eduardo; Torroni, Antonio; Brown, Michael D.; Lott, Marie T.; Hosseini, Seyed H.; Huoponen, Kirsi; Wallace, Douglas C. (January 2005).
4319:
can be seen in its culture, history, politics, laws, and legislatures. This led to the systematic abolishment of Indigenous languages, traditions, religion and the degradation of Indigenous communities that has been described as a
8713:
5291:
who are another set of Indigenous people making up 1.8% of the population. Other sources indicate that between 50% and 60% of the population could be Indigenous because part of the Mestizo population is predominantly Indigenous.
17170:
Rodríguez, Diego Andrés Chávez (21 March 2010). "La Autonomía Indígena Originario Campesina: Entre la formalidad y la autodeterminación" [Indigenous Originary Peasant Autonomy: Between formality and self-determination].
3187:
18867:
Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar; Perego, Ugo A.; Olivieri, Anna; Angerhofer, Norman; Gandini, Francesca; Carossa, Valeria; Lancioni, Hovirag; Semino, Ornella; Woodward, Scott R.; Achilli, Alessandro; Torroni, Antonio (January 2012).
18747:
Torroni, Antonio; Schurr, Theodore G.; Yang, Chi-Chuan; Szathmary, Emoke J. E.; Williams, Robert C.; Schanfield, Moses S.; Troup, Gary A.; Knowler, William C.; Lawrence, Dale N.; Weisss, Kenneth M.; Wallace, Douglas C. (1992).
6242:) has been the primary political institution of Indigenous peoples since then and is now the second-largest political party in the nation. It has been influential in national politics, contributing to the ouster of presidents
7447:
peoples (specifically Paleo-Siberians, Turkic, and historically the Okunev culture) have led Russian researcher I.A. Zakharov to believe that, among all the previously studied Asian peoples, it is "the peoples living between
5924:
reported in 2007, "As has been proved in the past when uncontacted tribes are introduced to other populations and the microbes they carry, maladies as simple as the common cold can be deadly. In the 1970s, 185 members of the
2882:
Cultural practices in the Americas seem to have been shared mostly within geographical zones where distinct ethnic groups adopt shared cultural traits, similar technologies, and social organizations. An example of such a
5270:
demographic portion of Guatemala's population consists of a majority of Mayan groups and one non-Mayan group. The Mayan language-speaking portion makes up 29.7% of the population and is distributed into 23 groups namely
3338:
musical service to which the natives, whose musical gifts came to surprise the missionaries, were integrated. The musical gifts of the natives were of such magnitude that they soon learned the rules of counterpoint and
12970:
Les Whitbeck, B; Chen, Xiaojin; Hoyt, Dan R; Adams, Gary W (1 July 2004). "Discrimination, historical loss and enculturation: culturally specific risk and resiliency factors for alcohol abuse among American Indians".
8493:
7381:, including the Ancestral Northern Eurasian, which represent a distinct Paleolithic Siberian population, and the Northeast Asians, which are an East Asian-related group. The admixture happened somewhere in Northeast
12437:
5811:
organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government began in 1952 and discouraged people identifying as Indigenous (reclassifying rural people as
4713:
grants all Indigenous languages spoken in Mexico, regardless of the number of speakers, the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken, and Indigenous peoples are entitled to request some
8745:
2026:, were the first codified set of laws governing the behavior of Spanish settlers in America, particularly concerning Indigenous peoples. The laws forbade the maltreatment of them and endorsed their conversion to
1762:. Many later pre-Columbian civilizations achieved great complexity, with hallmarks that included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, engineering, astronomy, trade, civic and monumental architecture, and
3254:
The music of the Indigenous peoples of Central Mexico and Central America, like that of the North American cultures, tends to be spiritual ceremonies. It traditionally includes a large variety of percussion and
1933:
centuries of European colonization. Most scholars estimate a pre-colonization population of around 50 million, with other scholars arguing for an estimate of 100 million. Estimates reach as high as 145 million.
19459:
Wong, Emily H.M.; Khrunin, Andrey; Nichols, Larissa; Pushkarev, Dmitry; Khokhrin, Denis; Verbenko, Dmitry; Evgrafov, Oleg; Knowles, James; Novembre, John; Limborska, Svetlana; Valouev, Anton (27 January 2017).
13756:
and Tepanecapan also fled their cities. The Maya Lowlands appear to have suffered a famine at the same time, and the cities of Chichen Itza, Mayapan, and Uxmal appear to have been all abandoned simultaneously .
9416:
804:
in the 15th century, as well as the ethnic groups that identify with the continent's pre-Columbian population as such. These populations exhibit significant diversity; some Indigenous peoples were historically
18561:
16019:
10875:
7597:
diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicate that certain Indigenous peoples of the Americas populations have been isolated since the initial colonization of the region. The
18065:'Our results show that of all previously studied Asian peoples it is the peoples living between Altai and Lake Baikal along the Sayan mountains that are genetically closest to Amerindians' – says I.A. Zakharo
7203:
Since the late 20th century, Indigenous peoples in the Americas have become more politically active in asserting their treaty rights and expanding their influence. Some have organized to achieve some sort of
1366:
Since the late 20th century, Indigenous peoples in the Americas have been more vocal about how they want to be addressed, pushing to suppress the use of terms widely considered to be obsolete, inaccurate, or
16406:
7614:
mutations, however are distinct from other Indigenous peoples of the Americas with various mtDNA and atDNA mutations. This suggests that the earliest migrants into the northern extremes of North America and
3330:
arts and cultures in the United States, the Ford Foundation, arts advocates, and American Indian tribes created an endowment seed fund and established a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation in 2007.
13268:
For the Cedar Project Partnership; Pearce, Margo E.; Christian, Wayne M.; Patterson, Katharina; Norris, Kat; Moniruzzaman, Akm; Craib, Kevin J. P.; Schechter, Martin T.; Spittal, Patricia M. (1 June 2008).
1770:
and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemporary with the contact and colonization period and were documented in historical accounts of the time. A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec,
6552:. The overall population suffered the most adverse colonial effects out of all the indigenous populations in the Americas, as the Kalinago have been reduced to a few islands in the Lesser Antilles such as
11491:
9013:
15566:
11535:
19167:
The team discovered that the Spirit Cave remains came from a Native American while dismissing a longstanding theory that a group called Paleoamericans existed in North America before Native Americans.
14848:; Parra, Esteban J.; Jones, Alfredo; Fernández, José R. (2004). "Ancestral proportions and their association with skin pigmentation and bone mineral density in Puerto Rican women from New York City".
19729:. David Rockefeller Center series on Latin American studies, Harvard University. Vol. 9. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University/David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. pp. 199–238.
16194:
Note: Indigenous population was identified as the total population in households where the head of the household, his or her spouse or any of their ascendants claimed to speak an Indigenous language.
14885:
Martínez-Cruzado, J. C.; Toro-Labrador, G.; Viera-Vera, J.; Rivera-Vega, M. Y.; et al. (2005). "Reconstructing the population history of Puerto Rico by means of mtDNA phylogeographic analysis".
8800:
7961:
6384:
According to the 2012 census, the indigenous population of Suriname numbers around 20,000, amounting to 3.8% of the population. The most numerous indigenous groups in Suriname primarily comprise the
2504:
period of North American cultures. Technology had advanced to the point where pottery had started to become common and the small-scale felling of trees had become feasible. Concurrently, the Archaic
2287:
and is linked to mental and physical health hardships and population decline. IHT affects many different people in a multitude of ways because the Indigenous community and their history are diverse.
5803:(the National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu), draw ethnic boundaries within the Quechua- and Aymara-speaking population, resulting in a total of 50 Indigenous peoples native to Bolivia.
5772:(the National Council of Ayllus and Markas of Qullasuyu), draw ethnic boundaries within the Quechua- and Aymara-speaking population, resulting in a total of 50 Indigenous peoples native to Bolivia.
13113:
Tucker, Raymond P.; Wingate, LaRicka R.; O'Keefe, Victoria M. (2016). "Historical loss thinking and symptoms of depression are influenced by ethnic experience in American Indian college students".
12562:
20097:
5831:
Some radio and television programs are produced in the Quechua and Aymara languages. The constitutional reform in 1997 recognized Bolivia as a multi-lingual, pluri-ethnic society and introduced
3346:
The solution that was proposed was not to employ but a certain number of indigenous people in the musical service, not to teach them counterpoint, not to allow them to play certain instruments (
3086:
Spanish mendicants in the sixteenth century taught Indigenous scribes in their communities to write their languages using Latin letters, and there are a large number of local-level documents in
19580:
16545:
14157:
Pearlstein, Ellen; MacKenzie, Mark; Kaplan, Emily; Howe, Ellen; Levinson, Judith (2015). "Tradition and Innovation, Cochineal and Andean keros". In Anderson, Barbara; Padilla, Carmella (eds.).
11361:
Guadalupe; Sánchez-Morales, Ismael; Spivey-Faulkner, S. Margaret; Tune, Jesse W.; Haynes, C. Vance (23 October 2021). "Evaluating Claims of Early Human Occupation at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico".
8338:
9913:
recognizes three groups of Aboriginal people – Indians (First Nations), Métis and Inuit. These separate peoples have unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs
8255:
2119:, the Native Americans there were exposed to smallpox because of contact with Europeans. As it had done elsewhere, the virus wiped out entire population groups of Native Americans. It reached
20991:
8551:
16144:
15657:
9974:
2336:
The connection between IHT and health conditions is complicated because of the difficult nature of measuring IHT, the unknown directionality of IHT and health outcomes, and because the term
17713:
13584:
10316:
9336:
2212:
According to Erin McKenna and Scott L. Pratt, the Indigenous population of the Americas was 145 million in the late 15th and by the late 17th century, had been reduced to 15 million due to
15486:
9939:
8706:
8612:
4710:
19230:
Maier, Robert; Flegontov, Pavel; Flegontova, Olga; Işıldak, Ulaş; Changmai, Piya; Reich, David (14 April 2023). Nordborg, Magnus; Przeworski, Molly; Balding, David; Wiuf, Carsten (eds.).
17769:
7254:
16178:
4727:, who immigrated from the United States and recognizes the languages of the Indigenous refugees from Guatemala. The Mexican government has promoted and established bilingual primary and
2300:
asks participants how often they think about those losses. The HLASS includes 12 emotional reactions, and asks participants how they feel when they think about these losses. Lastly, the
18150:
861:
18970:
8462:
8956:
5088:
There are over 114,000 inhabitants of Native American origins, representing 2.4% of the population. Most of them live in secluded reservations, distributed among eight ethnic groups:
15360:
25104:
17042:
17022:
17002:
7209:
6882:
17652:
13611:
8388:
1062:. These peoples entered the continent as a second, more recent wave of migration several thousand years later and have much more recent genetic and cultural commonalities with the
19972:
8839:
4750:
The Indigenous peoples in Mexico have the right of free determination under the second article of the constitution. According to this article, the Indigenous peoples are granted:
3260:
stringed musical instrument which has since been reproduced. This instrument is one of the very few stringed instruments known in the Americas before the introduction of European
988:
16254:
8174:
5819:
movement beginning in the 1970s. Many lowland Indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the
8587:
2990:
hieroglyphs tablet has been indirectly dated (from ceramic shards found in the same context) to approximately 900 BCE which is around the same time that the Olmec occupation of
1766:. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and are known only through
17426:
8526:
8139:
2201:. By domesticating horses, some tribes had great success: horses enabled them to expand their territories, exchange more goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture
24657:
3343:
and even the virtuous handling of the instruments. This helped to ensure that it was not necessary to bring more musicians from Spain, which significantly annoyed the clergy.
2271:
1999:
Following years of mistreatment, the Taínos began to adopt suicidal behaviors, with women aborting or killing their infants and men jumping from cliffs or ingesting untreated
19693:
16407:"Poblicación de 5 años y más por Entidad Federativa, sexo y grupos lengüa indígena quinquenales de edad, y su distribución según condición de habla indígena y habla española"
16309:
6211:, make up 0.24% percent of the Indigenous population, while the remaining 3.35 percent live in the Oriente and consist of the Oriente Kichwa (the Canelo and the Quijos), the
2080:
on 23 April 1520, smallpox ravaged Mexico in the 1520s, possibly killing over 150,000 in Tenochtitlán (the heartland of the Aztec Empire) alone, and aiding in the victory of
18116:
17113:
10023:
Native is a word similar in meaning to Aboriginal. Native Peoples or First peoples is a collective term to describe the descendants of the original peoples of North America.
8485:
4720:
4656:
3067:. The pre-Columbian codices are largely pictorial; they do not contain symbols that represent spoken or written language. By contrast, colonial-era codices contain not only
12429:
3362:) or plucked (third). It is there where we can find the origin of what is now called traditional music whose instruments have their tuning and a typical Western structure.
935:. In recent years, the self-identified Indigenous population in many countries has increased as individuals reclaim their heritage amid rising Indigenous-led movements for
22584:
20682:
20342:
20018:
16205:
13712:
It is clear that in pre-Columbian times some groups struggled to survive and often suffered food shortages and famines, while others enjoyed a varied and substantial diet.
10626:
Ancient genetic landscape of archaeological human remains from Panama, South America and Oceania described through STR genotype frequencies and mitochondrial DNA sequences
8868:
7895:
4674:, a large amount of the population is of Indigenous descent with the largest ethnic group being Mayan with a population of 900,000. Large Indigenous minorities, including
20156:
Woodhead, M. (1998). Children's perspectives on their working lives: A participatory study in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, the Philippines, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua.
15060:
6451:
Most Venezuelans have some degree of indigenous heritage even if they may not identify as such. The 2011 census estimated that around 52% of the population identified as
4629:, which in Mexico designate people who do not identify culturally with any Indigenous grouping, quickly came to account for a majority of the colony's population. Today,
4300:. First Nations and Métis peoples played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting Europeans during the
25114:
15840:
15335:
8738:
7870:
7212:
and the Indian Council of South America are examples of movements that are overcoming national borders to reunite Indigenous populations, for instance, those across the
5205:
people in eastern El Salvador, who saw the Spanish not as gods but as barbaric invaders. After fierce battles, the Pipil successfully fought off the Spanish army led by
896:
practices. Over time, these cultures have evolved, preserving traditional customs while adapting to modern needs. Some Indigenous groups remain relatively isolated from
19753:
6266:. Over time, the indigenous population has protested against various environmental issues, such as illegal gold mining, pollution, and a drastic decrease in wild game.
4847:, including their descendants, were commonly called American Indians, or simply Indians domestically and since the late 20th century the term Native American came into
24677:
20984:
17207:
15249:
9406:
7676:, originating near the present-day cities of Beijing and Tianjin, occurred as recently as 9000 BCE, following a previously unknown coastal route from Asia to America.
6731:
6071:
population, Indigenous peoples living in Colombia, consist of around 85 distinct cultures and around 1,905,617 people, however, it is likely much higher. A variety of
7424:"atDNA" markers are also used but differ from mtDNA or Y-DNA in that they overlap significantly. AtDNA is generally used to measure the average continent-of-ancestry
24511:
21172:
20385:
15392:
13209:"Trauma and suicide behaviour histories among a Canadian indigenous population: An empirical exploration of the potential role of Canada's residential school system"
2366:
1795:
or corn required thousands of years of selective breeding, and continued cultivation of multiple varieties was done with planning and selection, generally by women.
19154:
16417:
14676:"Aboriginal Identity (8), Area of Residence (6), Age Groups (12) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data"
13580:"Molecular description and similarity relationships among native germplasm potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum L.) using morphological data and AFLP markers"
11469:
3306:. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives to profit from the cachet of Indigenous art in the United States, the U.S. passed the
21000:
20375:
17794:
7875:
7567:
3371:
1821:
17255:
10346:
7546:
Available genetic patterns lead to two main theories of genetic episodes affecting the Indigenous peoples of the Americas; first with the initial peopling of the
16831:
9858:
8085:
7816:
7360:
6756:
4848:
20047:
19835:
16471:
15210:
14922:
13271:"The Cedar Project: Historical trauma, sexual abuse and HIV risk among young Aboriginal people who use injection and non-injection drugs in two Canadian cities"
8897:
1961:
of the 19th century had a known death toll of about 19,000 Europeans and 30,000 Native Americans, and an estimated total death toll of 45,000 Native Americans.
24978:
20126:
Morelli, G.; Rogoff, B.; Angelillo, C. (2003). "Cultural variation in young children's access to work or involvement in specialised child-focused activities".
20095:
Nimmo, J. (2008). "Young children's access to real life: An examination of the growing boundaries between children in child care and adults in the community".
18366:
16742:
11502:
9017:
8554:[Indigenous population by belonging to an indigenous people, according to province and sex]. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Archived from
6795:
11525:
8298:
8281:"Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts"
5565:
22579:
20977:
20643:
20638:
20415:
13633:
10219:
10043:
9236:
9119:
8648:
8200:
7397:
7354:
2869:
1498:
17315:
16549:
13531:
8807:
5569:
13454:
6912:
6892:
2865:
13389:"Measuring historical trauma in an American Indian community sample: Contributions of substance dependence, affective disorder, conduct disorder and PTSD"
8926:
8475:
Sum of people who identify as Maya-Chortí (33,256), Lenca (453,672), Misquito (80,007), Nahua (6,339), Pech (6,024), Tolupán (19,033) and Tawahka (2,690).
8424:[Indigenous population in the Republic, by sex, by province, indigenous region, indigenous group to which it belongs and age groups: 2023 Census]
1988:
population and reduced their numbers by 50%. Increasing punishment of the Taínos for revolting against forced labor, despite measures put in place by the
18499:
13552:
6800:
6776:
24005:
18529:
17584:
14994:
14980:
13019:
Anastario, Michael P.; FourStar, Kris; Rink, Elizabeth (1 October 2013). "Sexual Risk Behavior and Symptoms of Historical Loss in American Indian Men".
10747:
5846:
on 3 August 2009. Bolivia was the first nation in the history of South America to affirm the right of Indigenous people to self-government. Speaking in
1577:
have progressively shed more light on the subject, significant questions remain unresolved. The "Clovis first theory" refers to the hypothesis that the
24650:
21067:
18482:
13334:
11629:
Shady Solis, Ruth; Jonathan Haas; Winifred Creamer (27 April 2001). "Dating Caral, a Preceramic Site in the Supe Valley on the Central Coast of Peru".
6831:
6706:
19588:
16506:
The American Indian and Alaska Native population of one race was 3.7 million and the two or more races population 5.9 million (excluding Puerto Rico).
8330:
6168:
are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendants of peoples conquered by the Incas, they are
5025:, and Haudenosaunee, among others, live in both Canada and the United States, whose international border cut through their common cultural territory.
1802:
tell of a variety of origins of their respective peoples. Some were "always there" or were created by gods or animals, some migrated from a specified
21025:
19818:
17363:"The three-hybrid genetic composition of an Ecuadorian population using AIMs-InDels compared with autosomes, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data"
15543:
15464:
14530:
13115:
9910:
8429:
8247:
8048:
7242:
in October 2008 to demand the government live up to promises to protect Indigenous lands, defend the Indigenous against violence, and reconsider the
6192:. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as
3267:
3162:
2877:
2873:
18458:
17488:
12346:
9664:
8615:[Population by sex and main ethnic-racial ancestry, according to department] (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from
8555:
25119:
24973:
22644:
21060:
21055:
20335:
18213:
16136:
10448:
10076:
7389:
17703:
17228:
16905:
14958:
12191:
11811:
10986:
9347:
8681:
1742:
before the appearance of significant European and African influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original arrival in the
907:
The Americas also host millions of individuals of mixed Indigenous, European, and sometimes African or Asian descent, historically referred to as
813:. Various Indigenous societies developed complex social structures, including pre-contact monumental architecture, organized cities, city-states,
24402:
24143:
23739:
20128:
15927:
15494:
15137:
13482:
11857:
8616:
7232:
6922:
6841:
18048:
Ornament as a Universal Language of Peace (Basee on Comparative Analysis of Cultures of proto-Turkic Peoples and Indian Tribes of North America)
14449:
13246:
25014:
22559:
21205:
19378:
17487:[Indigenous Cuba today: its faces and DNA] (in Spanish). Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo. p. 75.
16170:
13556:
10397:
8422:"Población indígena en la República, por sexo, según provincia, comarca indígena, grupo indígena al que pertenece y grupos de edad: Censo 2023"
7828:
7221:
6952:
6836:
5123:
These native groups are characterized by their work in wood, like masks, drums, and other artistic figures, as well as fabrics made of cotton.
4635:
20198:
Gaskins, S. (2006). 13 The Cultural Organization of Yucatec Mayan Children's Social Interactions. Peer relationships in cultural context, 283.
18142:
15690:
15424:
14586:
13330:"The Historical Loss Scale: Longitudinal Measurement Equivalence and Prospective Links to Anxiety Among North American Indigenous Adolescents"
9996:
8284:
4639:
spoken in their households. The indigenous population is distributed throughout the territory of Mexico but is especially concentrated in the
2437:
grasses in the valleys of southern Mexico. Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.
25162:
25152:
24694:
24643:
24504:
22544:
20906:
18978:
18750:"Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and the Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations"
16287:
11788:
8454:
2241:
12283:
11682:
Haas, Jonathan; Creamer, Winifred; Ruiz, Alvaro (23 December 2004). "Dating the Late Archaic occupation of the Norte Chico region in Peru".
9063:
8988:
8949:
6741:
5853:
At that time, Indigenous peoples voted overwhelmingly for more autonomy: five departments that had not already done so voted for it; as did
1758:(in present-day Peru) is one of the defining six original civilizations of the world, arising independently around the same time as that of
24358:
23867:
15367:
14816:
14095:
6937:
6917:
2132:
9268:"A review of ancestrality and admixture in Latin America and the Caribbean focusing on native American and African descendant populations"
6164:, due to their fierce resistance to the Incan expansion. Their architectural remains were later destroyed by the Spaniards and the Incas.
4934:
was the largest group in combination with any other race. Tribes have established their criteria for membership, which are often based on
4296:. Métis nations of mixed ancestry originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Inuit people married Europeans, primarily the
2387:
A representation of the domesticated plant species cultivated by Indigenous peoples have influenced the crops that were produced globally.
26189:
21521:
21144:
21050:
21030:
20950:
20795:
20328:
18241:"Mitochondrial DNA diversity in indigenous populations of the southern extent of Siberia, and the origins of Native American haplogroups"
16774:
16681:
14760:
14653:
13777:
13579:
12897:
12485:
11329:"New AMS Radiocarbon Ages from the Preceramic Levels of Coxcatlan Cave, Puebla, Mexico: A Pleistocene Occupation of the Tehuacan Valley?"
8396:
7190:
2362:
2182:
20312:
20160:
Rogoff, B.; Morelli, G. A.; Chavajay, P. (2010). "Children's Integration in Communities and Segregation From People of Differing Ages".
15282:
14471:
12635:
12527:
9629:
8832:
7951:
24190:
23641:
20655:
20650:
19208:
18618:"High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas"
17515:
16246:
15304:
15024:
12698:
12376:
10170:
8939:
To generate the report follow Population and Housing > Basic Characteristics > Person Variables, select Ethnic group and execute.
8166:
7986:
7956:
7806:
6766:
17879:"Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia"
17282:[The Chilean sociogenetic gradient and its ethical-social implications] (in Spanish). Medwave.cl. 15 June 2000. Archived from
15181:
15151:
14735:
14704:
11883:
8580:
5463:
Other Indigenous groups in Nicaragua are located in the central, northern, and Pacific areas and they are self-identified as follows:
1287:. The term "Indian" is still used in some communities and remains in use in the official names of many institutions and businesses in
25671:
25109:
25088:
25064:
22549:
20957:
20433:
18874:
17418:
15085:
14887:
12939:
10256:
9835:
9167:
8518:
8457:[Total population by population group to which it belongs, according to national total, department, area, sex and age group]
8131:
7718:
7685:
5602:
4334:
and the management of their historical, cultural, political, health care and economic control aspects within Indigenous communities.
2301:
2291:
because of the vast and variable diversity of Indigenous people and their communities. Therefore, it is an arduous task to assign an
2237:
18899:
17679:
17538:
15946:
15055:[Resident population, by color or race, according to household situation – Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]
14788:
12580:
11914:
5768:
The 2021 National Census, recognizes 38 cultures, each with its language, as part of a pluri-national state. Some groups, including
4922:. They are geographically, genetically, and culturally distinct from Indigenous peoples of the mainland continents of the Americas.
2169:
to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The reintroduction of the
24497:
21553:
18146:
16321:
16077:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals"
12509:
9689:
8775:
7420:
and thus Y-DNA and mtDNA change only by chance mutation at each generation with no intermixture between parents' genetic material.
6746:
2412:
18108:
17109:
16975:
15982:
14557:
14326:
9735:
1976:
and the Bahamas. Within thirty years about 70% of the Taínos had died. They had no immunity to European diseases, so outbreaks of
25603:
24682:
16221:
14618:
14503:
13683:"6: Pathogens, Places and Peoples: Geographical Variations in the Impact of Disease in Early Spanish America and the Philippines"
10841:
6962:
6711:
6479:. The most advanced Indigenous peoples to have lived within the boundaries of present-day Venezuela are thought to have been the
5619:
4321:
4270:
1582:
1376:
19119:
18042:
16908:[Sociocultural Characteristics of the Indigenous Peoples of the Pacific, Central and North] (in Spanish). Archived from
12606:
10721:
9446:
9365:
8864:
2812:
to be raised for meat consumption in the Andean region. Guinea pigs are now widely raised in Western society as household pets.
25036:
20291:
19943:
18665:
18335:
16442:
15634:
15052:
13687:
Technology, Disease, and Colonial Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Essays Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories
10278:
6761:
6589:
Historically, during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, the territory was ruled as a province of the Mexico-centered
6140:
was the site of many Indigenous cultures, and civilizations of different proportions. An early sedentary culture, known as the
1424:
20086:
Gaskins, S. (1999). "Children's daily lives in a Mayan village: A case study of culturally constructed roles and activities".
15850:
15343:
13952:"Molecular identification of a Fuegian dog belonging to the Fagnano Regional Museum ethnographic collection, Tierra del Fuego"
10564:
7483:
peoples. Indigenous peoples of the Americas have been linked to some extent to North Asian populations by the distribution of
6296:
Guyana's indigenous peoples have been recognized under the Constitution of 1965 and comprise 9.16% of the overall population.
5523:. According to the 2010 census, they make up 12.3% of the overall population of 3.4 million, or just over 418,000 people. The
915:
nations, people of partial Indigenous descent constitute a majority or significant portion of the population, particularly in
21541:
21040:
20781:
20677:
20162:
20028:
20003:
19982:
19953:
19932:
19763:
19734:
19703:
19679:
19652:
19629:
18434:
18420:
18308:
18088:
18013:
17748:
17463:
17145:
17075:
16797:
15800:
15735:
15667:
15610:
15576:
14299:
14269:
14128:
13820:
13662:
12875:
12413:
12322:
12260:
12226:
12158:
12130:
12099:
11997:
11969:
11751:
11597:
11573:
11417:
11285:
11250:
11215:
11180:
10913:
10704:
10677:
10428:
10377:
10232:
10119:
10056:
9623:
9553:
9514:
9487:
9379:
9129:
8299:"Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2022: Población indígena o descendiente de pueblos indígenas u originarios"
8226:
7976:
7966:
7551:
7311:
Mexican who was elected President of Mexico in 1858 and led the country until 1872 and led the country to victory during the
7289:
7120:
7039:
7027:
6997:
6902:
6584:
5998:, the Mapuche surrendered to the country's army in the 1880s. Their land was opened to settlement by Chileans and Europeans.
5914:
in Brazil, up from 40 in 2005. Brazil is now the nation that has the largest number of uncontacted tribes, and the island of
5799:, enacted in 2009, recognizes 36 cultures, each with its language, as part of a pluri-national state. Some groups, including
4802:
4788:
3319:
2914:
2749:. The vast majority of indigenous dog breeds in the Americas went extinct, due to being replaced by dogs of European origin.
2213:
2186:
2092:
resistance, over many generations. Many of the Old World diseases that were brought over to the Americas were diseases, like
1843:
1815:
1747:
1380:
1280:
853:
801:
162:
17:
17204:
16354:
15237:
14134:
11434:
8111:
5929:
tribe died within two years of discovery after contracting such diseases as flu and chickenpox, leaving only 69 survivors."
26194:
26131:
24983:
22637:
22455:
21570:
20916:
20911:
18291:
16933:
16712:
16520:
15727:
14418:
13951:
9531:
8305:
7880:
7776:
7312:
7135:
6751:
5301:
4331:
2904:
1078:
857:
703:
18019:
15402:
12849:
12459:
11067:
Becerra-Valdivia, Lorena; Higham, Thomas (2020). "The timing and effect of the earliest human arrivals in North America".
9194:
2458:
complex. Over 99% of all modern cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a subspecies Indigenous to south-central
25608:
25195:
25051:
25046:
25004:
24957:
24952:
24947:
24609:
22514:
21565:
21443:
21072:
21020:
20936:
20791:
20615:
19347:
19146:
16376:
15053:"População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situação do domicílio – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística"
14230:
11459:
9239:[Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century].
7929:
7907:
7405:
7217:
6683:
6507:
5587:
4297:
2136:
1984:
ravaged their population. One such outbreak occurred in a camp of enslaved Africans, where smallpox spread to the nearby
1485:, by 12,000 to 14,000 years ago. The earliest populations in the Americas, before roughly 10,000 years ago, are known as
17784:
17265:
16894:
Gould, J. L. (1998). To die in this way: Nicaraguan Indians and the myth of mestizaje, 1880–1965. Duke University Press.
13075:
Clark, Julie Dorton; Winterowd, Carrie (2012). "Correlates and Predictors of Binge Eating Among Native American Women".
12937:
The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review
8455:"Población total por grupo poblacional al que pertenece, según total nacional, departamento, área, sexo y grupo de edad"
25588:
25564:
25559:
25546:
25009:
22569:
21548:
20776:
20605:
20209:
12935:
Gone, Joseph P., William E. Hartmann, Andrew Pomerville, Dennis C. Wendt, Sarah H. Klem, and Rachel L. Burrage. 2019. "
11928:
10338:
9888:
7401:
7297:
3307:
820:
Indigenous peoples continue to inhabit many regions of the Americas, with significant populations in countries such as
14187:
12212:
9866:
9796:
7663:, and subsequently migrated northwards into Siberia where they merged with a Paleolithic Siberian population known as
6564:
were the only island group in the Caribbean to have remained unsettled by indigenous peoples before the colonial era.
5994:. Relations with the new Chilean Republic were good until the Chilean state decided to occupy their lands. During the
5907:
2283:(IHT) is the trauma that can accumulate across generations and develop as a result of the historical ramifications of
1363:
from the native languages. Other terms arose during periods of conflict between the colonists and Indigenous peoples.
25056:
25031:
25021:
23768:
22674:
22508:
21577:
20633:
20233:
20063:
19874:
19851:
17449:
16823:
16479:
15820:
Dhamoon, Rita Kaur (2016). "Re-presenting Genocide: The Canadian Museum of Human Rights and Settler Colonial Power".
15773:
Green, Robyn (December 2015). "The economics of reconciliation: tracing investment in Indigenous–settler relations".
15119:
14936:
13925:
13741:
13698:
12250:
11897:
10148:
9969:
8890:
8077:
7012:
6736:
5333:
4343:
2705:
of Wisconsin—suggest that longstanding "sacred values" may represent a summary of sustainable millennial traditions.
2076:
Smallpox killed millions of native inhabitants of Mexico. Unintentionally introduced at Veracruz with the arrival of
16734:
14212:
Hammerton, J.A., Peoples of All Nations, Volume 7, London: Educational Book Co., Limited, 17, New Bridge Street, E.C
13648:
10536:
7216:. Similar movements for Indigenous rights can also be seen in Canada and the United States, with movements like the
6556:
and the Taíno are culturally extinct, though a large proportion of populations in Greater Antillean islands such as
5344:
About 5 percent of the population is of full-blooded Indigenous descent, but as much as 80 percent of Hondurans are
3103:
translations were made for legal cases. Scholars have translated and analyzed these documents in what is called the
26204:
25657:
25613:
25593:
25076:
25026:
24999:
23975:
23862:
22329:
22018:
21035:
20726:
17326:
11435:"Scientists say they've confirmed evidence that humans arrived in the Americas far earlier than previously thought"
7736:
7115:
6658:
5083:
5059:
4542:
The territory of modern-day Mexico was home to numerous Indigenous civilizations before the arrival of the Spanish
4315:, and legislation have been enacted between European immigrants and Indigenous groups across Canada. The impact of
3762:
1300:
580:
410:
19721:
Dean, Bartholomew (2002). "State Power and Indigenous Peoples in Peruvian Amazonia: A Lost Decade, 1990–2000". In
17279:
16521:"Census Bureau Releases 2020 Census Data for Nearly 1,500 Detailed Race and Ethnicity Groups, Tribes and Villages"
15011:
8641:
2470:, "It is clear that in pre-Columbian times some groups struggled to survive and often suffered food shortages and
2229:
25652:
25572:
25041:
24387:
23778:
22816:
22630:
22399:
22029:
21711:
21526:
21137:
20859:
20804:
20766:
20746:
20421:
20276:
18622:
17334:
15753:
13528:
12657:
11606:
7789:
7741:
7628:
7183:
6431:
5847:
5612:
5598:
4335:
3127:
2128:
309:
246:
15922:
13446:
13152:"The intergenerational effects of Indian Residential Schools: Implications for the concept of historical trauma"
7811:
6494:, although the vast majority of them still live in very critical conditions of poverty. The government provides
3215:
can vary between cultures, however, there are significant commonalities. Traditional music often centers around
25782:
25618:
25071:
24604:
24574:
24564:
22491:
22334:
21182:
20921:
20849:
20839:
20824:
20751:
20592:
14164:
13733:
10773:
8922:
7939:
7756:
7731:
7369:
A schematic illustration of maternal (mtDNA) gene-flow in and out of Beringia, from 25,000 years ago to present
7330:
7155:
7080:
7075:
7022:
6877:
6379:
6305:
6040:
5429:
5353:
3220:
2501:
2322:
1680:
1552:. Any archaeological evidence of coastal occupation during the last Ice Age would now have been covered by the
833:
512:
389:
351:
204:
22470:
21746:
18507:
16955:
9931:
9773:
8521:[First Final Results of the IV National Census of Population and Housing for Indigenous Peoples 2022]
7238:
In Colombia, various Indigenous groups have protested the denial of their rights. People organized a march in
4231:
25695:
25642:
25632:
25598:
25083:
24666:
24594:
24000:
23530:
22790:
22480:
21721:
21225:
20854:
20829:
20809:
20756:
20301:
18712:
17594:
12973:
12679:
11118:
Gruhn, Ruth (22 July 2020). "Evidence grows that peopling of the Americas began more than 20,000 years ago".
10751:
9541:
8772:"Les populations indigènes de la Guyane française : une mémoire environnementale essentielle à protéger"
7917:
7726:
7668:
7624:
7464:
7439:
Genetic comparisons of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome of Native Americans to that of certain
7145:
7140:
7125:
7100:
6726:
6409:
6117:
5903:
5747:
4432:
4316:
3104:
2946:
2016:
1829:
1063:
837:
821:
452:
267:
141:
22858:
22496:
18479:
18237:
11916:
American colonies; Volume 1 of The Penguin history of the United States, History of the United States Series
4604:, dominated much of the center and south of the country (and the non-Aztec inhabitants of those areas) when
3334:
After the entry of the Spaniards, the process of spiritual conquest was favored, among other things, by the
2772:. It was exterminated by Argentine and Chilean settlers, due to supposedly posing as a threat to livestock.
1014:"), a name that is still used to describe the islands. This led to the blanket term "Indies" and "Indians" (
24549:
23995:
23535:
23008:
22574:
22502:
22466:
21536:
21077:
20834:
20814:
20771:
20761:
20721:
19406:
19181:"The Origin of the Okunev Population, Southern Siberia: The Evidence of Physical Anthropology and Genetics"
18533:
15900:
15775:
13387:
Ehlers, Cindy L.; Gizer, Ian R.; Gilder, David A.; Ellingson, Jarrod M.; Yehuda, Rachel (1 November 2013).
13275:
13213:
12775:
12150:
12122:
12013:
10624:
7934:
7784:
7761:
7751:
7110:
7105:
7095:
7090:
6275:
5898:
5876:
5866:
5488:
4503:
4493:
4250:
4243:
4221:
2979:
2358:
2155:
2116:
1490:
1089:
845:
825:
431:
330:
288:
225:
81:
22684:
19782:
15539:
15456:
14528:
12338:
9146:
8421:
7319:
6498:
in their languages in public schools to some of the largest groups, in efforts to continue the languages.
4899:. They include Native American peoples as well as Inuit, who are distinct but occupy areas of the region.
4253:(also known as Aboriginals) are the Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada. They comprise the
2535:
The tomato (jitomate, in central Mexico) was later cultivated by the pre-Hispanic civilizations of Mexico.
2440:
The South American highlands became a center of early agriculture. Genetic testing of the wide variety of
2383:
1992:, which included religious education and protection from warring tribes, eventually led to the last great
25747:
25647:
25442:
25322:
22961:
22168:
22040:
21626:
21368:
21177:
20879:
20819:
20568:
20512:
20380:
18503:
18466:
17632:
17543:
17484:
17455:
16160:
It was estimated that 19.41% of population aged 3 years and older considered themselves to be Indigenous.
15956:
15314:
15224:
15195:
15161:
15095:
15034:
14990:
14932:
14826:
14798:
14770:
13478:"A single domestication for potato based on multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping"
13393:
13021:
9714:
9651:
8204:
7766:
7150:
7085:
6932:
5938:
5445:. Historical information on Miskito kings is often obscured by the fact that many of the kings were semi-
5135:
3126:) people wrote complex geometrical patterns and shapes, can also be considered a form of writing, as can
2505:
2049:
killed from one-third to half of the native population of Hispaniola in 1518. By killing the Incan ruler
1735:
1604:
928:
829:
183:
20272:
15527:
13207:
Elias, Brenda; Mignone, Javier; Hall, Madelyn; Hong, Say P.; Hart, Lyna; Sareen, Jitender (1 May 2012).
12197:
11557:
10507:
10084:
8519:"Primeros Resultados Finales del IV Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas para Pueblos Indígenas 2022"
2991:
25665:
25637:
24625:
24263:
24064:
22395:
22279:
22122:
21130:
20844:
20306:
19884:
Kane, Katie (1999). "Nits Make Lice: Drogheda, Sand Creek, and the Poetics of Colonial Extermination".
18710:
Schurr, Theodore G. (2004). "The Peopling of the New World: Perspectives from Molecular Anthropology".
18176:
17232:
16909:
14950:
12314:
11821:
10224:
10048:
7746:
7176:
7164:
6336:
5722:
5607:
4919:
3315:
3146:
2350:
1268:
or full-blooded Indigenous person, particularly to continents other than Europe or Africa—for example,
1167:
849:
120:
20228:. The Civilization of the American Indian Series, vol. 119. Norman, Ok: University of Oklahoma Press.
18922:
14481:
11844:
11302:
8674:
7227:
There has been a recognition of Indigenous movements on an international scale. The membership of the
5995:
2982:(independent of any influence from the writing systems that existed in other parts of the world). The
1558:
The precise date for the peopling of the Americas is a long-standing open question. While advances in
25713:
25427:
24069:
23884:
20428:
20266:
17330:
15845:
14445:
14404:
13808:
13208:
12630:
9475:
7801:
7594:
7303:
The first Indigenous candidate to be democratically elected as head of a country in the Americas was
7130:
7034:
6862:
6487:
5235:
4852:
3227:, and rasps are also popular percussive instruments, both historically and in contemporary cultures.
2539:
Many crops first domesticated by Indigenous peoples are now produced and used globally, most notably
756:
39:
19370:
18749:
18380:
16015:"Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico"
14579:
10478:
9237:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI"
6907:
5974:, was Indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the
5549:
4615:
In contrast to what was the general rule in the rest of North America, the history of the colony of
4498:
2986:
is perhaps the earliest-known example in the Americas of what may be an extensive written text. The
2694:
Studies of contemporary Indigenous environmental management—including agro-forestry practices among
26199:
25802:
24589:
24559:
24258:
23350:
22895:
22102:
21706:
21631:
21508:
21483:
21197:
20507:
19584:
18245:
18112:
17883:
17314:
Balladelli, Pier Paolo; Guzmán, José Milton; Korc, Marcelo; Moreno, Paula; Rivera, Gabriel (2007).
15698:
15528:
2011 National Household Survey: Indigenous Peoples in Canada: First Nations People, Métis and Inuit
15431:
14850:
14476:
13959:
13548:
12904:. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Thomas Jefferson Fossil Collection, Philadelphia. Archived from
12566:
10393:
10308:
10007:
9964:
8280:
8019:
7981:
7848:
7280:
descent, and led Colombia in 1854 starting on April 17, 1854. José was born on October 9, 1800, in
6867:
6721:
6590:
5990:. The Mapuche successfully fought off defeat in the first 300–350 years of Spanish rule during the
5958:
A Mapuche man and woman; the Mapuche make up about 85% of Indigenous population that live in Chile.
4844:
4301:
2318:
2112:
1755:
1432:
1408:
23422:
23417:
16279:
12495:
11776:
11303:"Scientists still are figuring out how to age the ancient footprints in White Sands National Park"
6414:
Unlike most other Spanish-speaking countries, indigenous peoples are not a significant element in
5857:
in Taríja, for regional autonomy; and 11 of 12 municipalities that had referendums on this issue.
5842:
Morales began work on his "Indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands
5409:
2396:
1127:
The Métis people of Canada can be contrasted, for instance, to the Indigenous-European mixed-race
25684:
25676:
25521:
25188:
24775:
24715:
24544:
24375:
24285:
23457:
23224:
23043:
22976:
22708:
22178:
21851:
21348:
20926:
20522:
20454:
20295:
17623:
17548:
12695:"Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s"
12287:
12091:
11961:
9586:
9371:
9071:
8981:
7912:
7885:
7664:
7632:
7293:
6010:
5796:
4754:
the right to decide the internal forms of social, economic, political, and cultural organization;
4652:
4308:
4254:
3311:
3275:
3244:
2077:
1739:
1093:
920:
22403:
18659:
Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Nørby, Søren (2000).
17819:"Paleolithic to Bronze Age Siberians Reveal Connections with First Americans and across Eurasia"
17093:
Oppressed but Not Defeated: Peasant Struggles among the Aymara and Qhechwa in Bolivia, 1900–1980
14830:
9545:
9535:
5126:
Their subsistence is based on agriculture, having corn, beans, and plantains as the main crops.
2524:
not far from villages and towns and their gardens and agricultural fields. They would have used
1656:
25917:
25265:
24744:
24489:
24463:
24337:
23943:
23834:
23822:
23518:
23259:
23098:
22735:
22669:
22653:
20969:
18375:
15449:
14067:
13812:
13769:
11562:
Before Columbus: Exploration and Colonisation from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic: 1229–1492
10473:
10402:
10166:"The Production of Legal Identities Proper to States: The Case of the Permanent Family Surname"
9831:
7971:
7838:
7771:
7393:
Principal component analysis showing the Native American cluster in other Eurasian populations.
6942:
6663:
6365:, the Indigenous population in Peru makes up approximately 26%. However, this does not include
6231:
5843:
5313:
4569:
2292:
2008:
1420:
1372:
1257:
1117:
1082:
24720:
21821:
19783:"Salt of the Mountain: Campa Asháninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle (review)"
19402:"Reconstructing the Genetic Relationship between Ancient and Present-Day Siberian Populations"
18870:"Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: A rare lineage entering America through the ice-free corridor?"
16764:
16671:
15751:
Woolford, Andrew (2009). "Ontological Destruction: Genocide and Canadian Aboriginal Peoples".
14774:
14643:
12905:
12399:
11405:
11205:
11170:
10694:
10663:
10418:
9504:
9479:
9469:
9407:"Does "Indian" derive from Columbus's description of Native Americans as "una gente in Dios"?"
6418:, as the entire indigenous population is virtually extinct, with a few exceptions such as the
2791:
were domesticated by various peoples in Mesoamerica and South America to be used for poultry.
1232:('Indian') is still the more often heard term (the noun for the South-Asian nationality being
25942:
25732:
25626:
25233:
24798:
24202:
24138:
24012:
23705:
23631:
23405:
23400:
23338:
23277:
23214:
23162:
23155:
22701:
22324:
22239:
22173:
21806:
21560:
21531:
21330:
21305:
21270:
20931:
20610:
20517:
20213:
19993:
17067:
15795:
15274:
15207:
13627:
12948:
12625:
12531:
12368:
11852:
11611:
11275:
11240:
10897:
9609:
9272:
7433:
7417:
6673:
6075:
for Indigenous peoples are recognized in the 1991 Constitution. One of the influences is the
5456:, counting some 10,000 people. A smaller Indigenous culture in southeastern Nicaragua is the
5321:
5251:
5043:
4994:
4648:
4535:
3702:
3212:
3166:
2582:
2478:
1803:
1570:
1537:
1518:
1271:
688:
23587:
21458:
19180:
18725:
18078:
17511:
17064:
A Revolution for Our Rights: Indigenous Struggles for Land and Justice in Bolivia, 1880–1952
15721:
15318:
15165:
15038:
14728:
13800:
12694:
11955:
8227:"Medición de Pueblos Indígenas y Afrodescendientes en el Censo de Población y Vivienda 2017"
6152:
unified to form an elaborate civilization that ended at the birth of the Capital Quito. The
2011:
for thirteen years, causing serious damage to the Spanish, Carib-held plantations and their
26162:
26094:
26079:
25987:
25817:
25700:
25452:
25422:
25417:
25255:
25250:
25243:
25139:
The U.S. Census Bureau excludes Brazilian Americans from the "Hispanic or Latino" category.
24888:
24873:
24868:
24823:
24818:
24813:
24803:
24468:
24419:
24414:
24397:
24392:
24370:
24160:
23874:
23727:
23619:
23523:
23316:
23001:
22800:
22743:
22608:
22475:
22339:
22304:
22224:
21913:
21621:
21516:
21498:
21398:
21122:
20889:
20884:
20600:
20390:
19307:
19294:"Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans"
19079:
18815:
18570:
18189:
17892:
17708:
17374:
16618:
16090:
16028:
15798:; Hudson, Graham (2012). "The Genocide Question and Indian Residential Schools in Canada".
15178:
14701:
13968:
13889:
13491:
12218:
11816:
11693:
11640:
11127:
11076:
11025:
10669:
10581:
10565:"Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans"
10465:
7704:
7611:
7574:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7342:
7323:
7273:
7266:
6573:
6422:. Approximately 2.4% of the population in Uruguay is reported to have indigenous ancestry.
6362:
5421:
4974:
4851:. In Alaska, Indigenous peoples belong to 11 cultures with 11 languages. These include the
4640:
4266:
4235:
4226:
3150:
3142:
2714:
2543:(or "corn") arguably the most important crop in the world. Other significant crops include
2424:
1958:
1953:
1724:
1712:
1696:
1673:
1661:
1587:
1533:
1489:. Indigenous peoples of the Americas have been linked to Siberian populations by proposed
1478:
1474:
1458:
992:
22971:
21801:
18923:"Genetic link between Asians and native Americans: evidence from HLA genes and haplotypes"
17043:
Los pueblos indígenas de Bolivia: diagnóstico sociodemográfico a partir del censo del 2001
17023:
Los pueblos indígenas de Bolivia: diagnóstico sociodemográfico a partir del censo del 2001
17003:
Los pueblos indígenas de Bolivia: diagnóstico sociodemográfico a partir del censo del 2001
15864:
15099:
14802:
14384:
Karttunen, Frances (1982). "Nahuatl Literacy". In Collier, George A.; et al. (eds.).
10248:
9827:
7365:
4671:
4644:
2492:
is native to Mexico and Central America and later began to be cultivated in South America.
2158:
declined from a pre-Columbian high of an estimated three million to some 300,000 in 1997.
8:
26126:
26022:
26017:
25904:
25822:
25447:
25238:
24883:
24863:
24853:
24843:
24770:
24458:
24123:
23928:
23761:
23294:
23167:
23048:
23023:
22441:
22203:
21235:
21215:
21015:
19722:
19196:
18869:
17689:
17589:
17562:
17260:
16705:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Guatemala : Maya"
15960:
14985:
13267:
12584:
12405:
11784:
11565:
11496:
10901:
9615:
9343:
7991:
7059:
7049:
6668:
6602:
6517:
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5911:
5854:
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5196:
that was good for farming. The Spaniards were disappointed not to find gold or jewels in
4860:
4728:
4262:
3792:
3271:
3091:
2788:
2718:
1917:
1751:
1066:. However, these groups are nonetheless considered "Indigenous peoples of the Americas".
1023:
901:
893:
889:
715:
652:
616:
21433:
19436:
19401:
19311:
19268:
19231:
19083:
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18574:
18193:
17896:
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16622:
16094:
16032:
14547:
13972:
13893:
13495:
12513:
11697:
11644:
11277:
Resilient Cultures: America's Native Peoples Confront European Colonialization 1500-1800
11131:
11080:
11029:
10929:
Surovell, T. A.; Allaun, S. A.; Gingerich, J. A. M.; Graf, K. E.; Holmes, C. D. (2022).
10798:
Fladmark, K. R. (1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America".
10585:
10469:
9697:
8771:
8020:"Información general de la población, condición de pobreza, marginación y rezago social"
6323:
5983:
5729:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5536:
4683:
4585:
3016:). It is the only pre-Columbian writing system known to have completely represented the
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civilization, and the famine of One Rabbit (AD 1454) was a major catastrophe in Mexico.
1849:
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25957:
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25807:
25752:
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18267:
18240:
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17878:
17858:
17644:
17395:
17362:
16979:
16906:"Características Socioculturales de los Pueblos Indígenas del Pacífico, Centro y Norte"
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16076:
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11049:
10957:
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2012:
1825:
936:
865:
793:
22183:
19695:
A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present
18971:"DNA reveals Native American presence in Polynesia centuries before Europeans arrived"
18940:
17974:
17947:
16229:
16011:
15521:
14611:
14507:
14163:. Rizzoli and Museum of International Folk Art, Santa Fe, New Mexico. pp. 44–51.
11013:
10871:
10720:
Fitzhugh, Drs. William; Goddard, Ives; Ousley, Steve; Owsley, Doug; Stanford, Dennis.
7650:
A qpGraph on the formation of Ancient Paleo-Siberians and Native American populations.
6633:
6014:
5501:
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or part-Indigenous with European admixture, and about 10 percent are of Indigenous or
4552:, who flourished from between 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE in the coastal regions of the
3040:
1993:
26084:
25997:
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20400:
20370:
20320:
20239:
20229:
20222:
20179:
20149:
20118:
20059:
20034:
20024:
19999:
19978:
19959:
19949:
19928:
19903:
19886:
19870:
19847:
19814:
19802:
19769:
19759:
19740:
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19709:
19699:
19675:
19658:
19648:
19642:
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19561:
19543:
19501:
19483:
19441:
19423:
19331:
19323:
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19255:
19200:
19115:
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17648:
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15572:
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13694:
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13428:
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13406:
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13351:
13310:
13292:
13238:
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13189:
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13132:
13092:
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12753:
12673:
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12409:
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12256:
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12051:
11993:
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11893:
11757:
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11709:
11656:
11631:
11579:
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11413:
11390:
11378:
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11211:
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11176:
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11143:
11104:
11092:
11053:
11041:
10962:
10909:
10827:
10700:
10673:
10648:
10597:
10491:
10456:
10424:
10373:
10228:
10199:
10187:
10144:
10115:
10052:
9619:
9549:
9510:
9483:
9442:
9411:
9375:
9309:
9291:
9248:
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9125:
7656:
7425:
7281:
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6495:
6072:
5784:
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3%, Q'anjob'al 1.2%, Poqomchi' 1%, and Other 4%. The Non-Mayan group consists of the
5206:
5018:
4962:
4772:
4573:
4469:
4428:
4365:
4360:
4347:
4339:
3076:
2831:
2513:
2354:
2326:
2310:
2194:
1949:
1743:
1708:
1649:
1600:
1514:
1436:
1313:
473:
21786:
21651:
21617:
18616:
Zegura, S. L.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Hammer, Michael F. (2004).
18339:
16858:
Bourgois, Philippe (April 1986). "The Miskitu of Nicaragua: Politicized Ethnicity".
16449:
13288:
13226:
12528:"Stacy Goodling, "Effects of European Diseases on the Inhabitants of the New World""
11668:
10725:
10537:"In the Bones of a Buried Child, Signs of a Massive Human Migration to the Americas"
10503:
10286:
8806:(in Spanish). Dirección General de Estadística y Censos. p. 273. Archived from
6771:
6419:
6319:
6243:
6049:
5652:
5266:, with approximately 43.6% of the population considering themselves Indigenous. The
5109:
4735:
1865:
1101:
26054:
26049:
25932:
25496:
25479:
25469:
25365:
24914:
24687:
24446:
24353:
24096:
23879:
23679:
23599:
23555:
23355:
23177:
23028:
22988:
22289:
22229:
22213:
22096:
22060:
21967:
21871:
21671:
21488:
21463:
21280:
21275:
20899:
20573:
20191:
20171:
20137:
20106:
20069:
20020:
Salt of the Mountain: Campa Ashaninka History and Resistance in the Peruvian Jungle
19895:
19857:
19794:
19551:
19535:
19491:
19475:
19431:
19415:
19343:
19315:
19298:
19263:
19245:
19192:
19087:
19070:
19032:
19016:
18936:
18927:
18883:
18839:
18823:
18806:
18771:
18763:
18721:
18682:
18674:
18631:
18588:
18578:
18405:
18385:
18262:
18254:
18209:
18197:
18080:
American Indian Mtdna, Y Chromosome Genetic Data, and the Peopling of North America
18052:
17969:
17961:
17918:
17900:
17832:
17636:
17552:
17390:
17382:
16869:
16636:
16626:
16516:
16501:
16108:
16098:
16046:
16036:
15829:
15809:
15784:
15762:
14896:
14859:
14079:
13984:
13976:
13907:
13897:
13690:
13601:
13593:
13509:
13499:
13418:
13402:
13359:
13343:
13300:
13284:
13222:
13179:
13163:
13124:
13084:
13058:
13030:
12982:
12953:
12806:
12743:
12733:
11743:
11721:
11701:
11684:
11648:
11615:
11370:
11340:
11135:
11084:
11033:
10952:
10942:
10807:
10634:
10609:
10589:
10572:
10483:
10179:
10140:
9532:"The Emerging of a Discursive Instance: Columbus and the invention of the "Indian""
9506:
The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States
9299:
9281:
9175:
7890:
7524:
7054:
6982:
6810:
6688:
6648:
6537:
6521:
6141:
6127:
6097:
5999:
5987:
5832:
5680:
5624:
5557:
5468:
5464:
5434:
5417:
5325:
5284:
5097:
5022:
4986:
4907:
4455:
4443:
4420:
4384:
3347:
3327:
2738:
2656:
2564:
2548:
2144:
1973:
1871:
1140:
1015:
932:
877:
806:
731:
711:
707:
23938:
23894:
19462:"Reconstructing genetic history of Siberian and Northeastern European populations"
17135:
16801:
15788:
14884:
12936:
12871:
11374:
8363:
7304:
6393:
6200:
5926:
5668:
5144:
2030:. The Spanish crown found it difficult to enforce these laws in distant colonies.
1912:
26089:
26035:
26007:
25947:
25882:
25837:
25777:
25511:
25506:
25484:
25412:
24765:
24327:
24297:
24059:
23987:
23965:
23923:
23818:
23788:
23653:
23648:
23299:
23182:
22753:
22412:
22091:
22050:
22035:
21998:
21962:
21856:
21751:
21666:
21641:
21602:
21587:
21408:
21245:
20578:
19466:
18921:
Tokunaga, Katsushi; Ohashi, Jun; Bannai, Makoto; Juji, Takeo (1 September 2001).
18767:
18486:
17952:
17539:"Convicts or Conquistadores? Spanish Soldiers in the Seventeenth-Century Pacific"
17211:
17049:
17029:
17009:
16959:
16937:
16824:"Convention C169 – Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)"
16631:
16577:(in Spanish). Oficina Nacional del Censo de Población. 1 May 1930. Archived from
16346:
16209:
16103:
15214:
15185:
14953:[Page/12 :: Society :: What the Census helps to make visible].
14845:
14708:
14534:
14118:
13980:
13725:
13682:
13535:
12943:
11412:. Garland reference library of the humanities. Vol. 1537. pp. 682–683.
11207:
50 Great Myths of Human Evolution: Understanding Misconceptions about Our Origins
10947:
10214:
10038:
9718:
9115:
8552:"Población indígena por pertenencia a un pueblo indígena, según provincia y sexo"
7532:
7457:
7449:
7308:
6653:
6617:
6525:
6290:
6189:
6157:
6100:, the Muisca were the largest Indigenous civilization geographically between the
6068:
5979:
5963:
5442:
5438:
5360:, as well as on the border with Nicaragua. The majority of Indigenous people are
5263:
5055:
5038:
Mestizos (mixed European-Indigenous) number about 34% of the population; unmixed
4833:
4797:
4762:
4724:
4715:
4699:
4609:
4581:
4557:
4327:
4274:
3256:
3099:
3060:
3017:
2930:
2852:
were harvested by Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations for coloring fabrics via
2776:
2726:
2525:
2314:
2104:
1858:
1763:
1439:
1265:
1109:
1050:
distinct Indigenous peoples of the Arctic regions of the Americas, including the
1031:
976:
916:
897:
881:
873:
869:
748:
723:
719:
24635:
19755:
At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights, and Postcolonial States
18364:
Leslie E., Orgel (2004). "Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World".
16930:
16704:
16605:"Mitochondrial Echoes of First Settlement and Genetic Continuity in El Salvador"
14422:
13992:
12841:
9266:
De Oliveira, Thais C.; Secolin, Rodrigo; Lopes-Cendes, Iscia (19 January 2023).
9197:[Central American ethnic groups in the second half of the 20th century]
8304:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INDEC). Archived from
7646:
6436:
6220:
5656:
5401:
5117:
1834:
26121:
26111:
26074:
26012:
25992:
25937:
25531:
25501:
25360:
25327:
25280:
25275:
25270:
24436:
24363:
24185:
24150:
24081:
23970:
23842:
23550:
23135:
23125:
22946:
22927:
22343:
22309:
22153:
22128:
22085:
22075:
22065:
22055:
22013:
21796:
21607:
21597:
21290:
21250:
21240:
21045:
20548:
20538:
20469:
19689:
19539:
19526:
19232:"On the limits of fitting complex models of population history to f-statistics"
19091:
19020:
19007:
18562:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
18001:
17837:
17823:
17818:
17789:
17386:
16020:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
14504:""National Native Arts And Cultures Foundation" by Native American Rights Fund"
14285:
14255:
13835:
12722:"The first smallpox epidemic on the Canadian Plains: In the fur-traders' words"
12463:
12252:
Columbus and Las Casas: the conquest and Christianization of America, 1492–1566
12087:
American Holocaust:The Conquest of the New World: The Conquest of the New World
11951:
11139:
10876:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
10398:"What Happens When an Archaeologist Challenges Mainstream Scientific Thinking?"
9804:
9286:
9210:
9016:. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Sustainable Development. Archived from
7660:
7607:
7590:
7476:
7228:
6947:
6785:
6716:
6561:
6491:
6177:
6018:
5788:
5684:
5628:
5497:
5476:
5413:
5397:
5381:
5365:
5349:
5010:
4990:
4939:
4896:
4792:
4687:
4553:
4531:
4515:
4284:
4280:
3323:
3072:
3028:
2983:
2820:
2730:
2660:
2202:
2178:
2162:
2140:
2054:
2023:
1581:
represents the earliest human presence in the Americas about 13,000 years ago.
1578:
1553:
1454:
1335:
1331:
1288:
1284:
1039:
940:
727:
22445:
22429:
22249:
20305:
20141:
19293:
18802:"Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans"
18661:"mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos: The Edge of the Beringian Expansion"
18389:
17948:"A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups"
17706:[The story of José Maria, the only indigenous president of Colombia].
16384:
16073:
15813:
15691:"What to Search: Topics-Canadian Genealogy Centre-Library and Archives Canada"
15602:
A concise economic history of the world: from Paleolithic times to the present
14863:
14548:"With Ford Foundation Backing, a New Agency Will Sponsor Native American Arts"
14223:
14083:
13034:
11260:
11225:
11190:
11088:
11037:
10183:
9580:
8613:"Población por sexo y principal ascendencia étnico racial, según departamento"
7326:
ancestry and the first in South America. He came to power in a military coup.
6258:
French Guiana is home to approximately 10,000 indigenous peoples, such as the
5871:
5835:. In 2005, for the first time in the country's history, an Indigenous Aymara,
5676:
2037:
of the Indigenous peoples. After initial contact with Europeans and Africans,
1350:
prefer to be identified by the name of their specific nation, tribe, or band.
26183:
26101:
26059:
25852:
25797:
25772:
25767:
25536:
25491:
25385:
25312:
25292:
24322:
24307:
24253:
24231:
24128:
24116:
24032:
23901:
23783:
23744:
23732:
23720:
23432:
23343:
23272:
23013:
22956:
22934:
22843:
22775:
22770:
22748:
22299:
22143:
22112:
22080:
22024:
21992:
21831:
21791:
21781:
21776:
21766:
21761:
21696:
21691:
21646:
21210:
21167:
20543:
20484:
20365:
20243:
20175:
20051:
20014:
19963:
19907:
19839:
19806:
19744:
19662:
19547:
19487:
19427:
19327:
19259:
19204:
19099:
19028:
18948:
18835:
18583:
17914:
17905:
17846:
17350:
Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities (2013), p. 422. Edited by Carl Skutsch
16081:
14091:
13776:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
13414:
13355:
13296:
13234:
13175:
13167:
13096:
13042:
12994:
12986:
12490:
12177:
11920:
11735:
11602:
11382:
10191:
9295:
9252:
9145:
Marez, Curtis (2007). "Mestizo/a". In Burgett, Bruce; Hendler, Glenn (eds.).
9097:
9093:
7536:
7472:
7463:
Some scientific evidence links them to North Asian peoples, specifically the
7338:
7285:
7262:
7002:
6678:
6480:
6389:
6350:
6259:
6224:
6173:
6145:
6076:
6009:, the majority of whom live in Bolivia and Peru, with smaller numbers in the
6006:
5971:
5888:
5780:
5574:
5528:
5425:
5357:
5272:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5067:
4935:
4915:
4002:
3522:
3236:
3224:
3191:
3068:
3064:
3046:
2918:
2884:
2853:
2835:
2769:
2742:
2376:
2198:
2174:
1890:
1876:
1854:
1839:
1799:
1776:
1720:
1626:
1614:
1545:
1486:
1447:
1443:
1339:
1158:
1059:
912:
797:
752:
544:
157:
22863:
22390:
22386:
21378:
21373:
21109:
20110:
20038:
19773:
19713:
18636:
18617:
17619:"Classification Trends among Contemporary Filipino Crania Using Fordisc 3.1"
16041:
13902:
13504:
11761:
11652:
11583:
11397:
11010:
10487:
10165:
9896:
8364:"Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos"
8138:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. p. 214.
7373:
5089:
4438:
Approximately 89 percent of Greenland's population of 57,695 is Greenlandic
4344:
prominent figures and have served as role models in the Indigenous community
4338:
recognizes the vast cultures and contributions of Indigenous peoples to the
1415:
26136:
26069:
25952:
25894:
25887:
25842:
25787:
25718:
25526:
25516:
25464:
25402:
25390:
25380:
25370:
25355:
25307:
25223:
24241:
24197:
24178:
24133:
23933:
23857:
23614:
23609:
23565:
23192:
23074:
23038:
23018:
22870:
22848:
22760:
22382:
22358:
22314:
22264:
22259:
22148:
22133:
22117:
21982:
21933:
21928:
21903:
21881:
21846:
21726:
21428:
21363:
21320:
21082:
20736:
20474:
20464:
20459:
20183:
19565:
19505:
19445:
19335:
19277:
19107:
19046:
18956:
18895:
18853:
18696:
18645:
18426:
18397:
18300:
18276:
18056:
17983:
17932:
17854:
17557:
17404:
16650:
16472:"Education and Programs: Traditional Territories of Alaska Native Cultures"
16122:
16060:
15338:[Sociodemographic and Inequality Atlas in Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry]
14908:
14871:
14191:
13921:
13770:"Chapter 2 (TERRA–2): The History of Native Plant Communities in the South"
13678:
13523:
13432:
13373:
13314:
13242:
13193:
13136:
13050:
13002:
12757:
12034:
Curtin, Philip D. (1993). "Disease Exchange Across the Tropical Atlantic".
11713:
11660:
11464:
11147:
11096:
11045:
10966:
10601:
10495:
9313:
7503:
7488:
7444:
7429:
7277:
7213:
6872:
6594:
6545:
6476:
6441:
6354:
6247:
6212:
6105:
6083:
5962:
According to the 2012 Census, 10% of the Chilean population, including the
5954:
5644:
5396:
population is Indigenous. The largest Indigenous group in Nicaragua is the
5369:
5361:
5317:
5288:
5193:
5173:
5169:
5149:
5047:
5039:
4982:
4958:
4884:
4758:
4691:
4601:
4544:
3111:
3002:
2816:
2780:
2722:
2698:
2652:
2622:
2598:
2560:
2467:
2401:
2330:
2284:
2190:
2120:
2093:
2085:
2050:
1921:
1895:
1784:
1772:
1767:
1677:
1574:
1389:
1327:
1309:
1238:), but for the past 10 years has been considered offensive and pejorative.
1047:
744:
24290:
21866:
20257:
19798:
19479:
19419:
18785:
18602:
17512:"A Settlement Survey for Prehistoric Archaeological Sites on Grand Cayman"
17469:
16735:"GUATEMALA: New Law Recognises Indigenous Languages | Inter Press Service"
15123:
13328:
Armenta, Brian E.; Whitbeck, Les B.; Habecker, Patrick N. (January 2016).
12810:
12738:
12055:
11294:
10639:
7962:
List of traditional territories of the Indigenous peoples of North America
6601:
descent were sent as colonists there. According to a genetic study by the
5906:
in the North and Center-Western parts of the country. On 18 January 2007,
5664:
5192:. The Pipil had no precious mineral resources, but they did have rich and
4589:
3299:
2484:
967:
26064:
25872:
25857:
25832:
25762:
25432:
25407:
25397:
25375:
25302:
24710:
24280:
24270:
24226:
24221:
24173:
24111:
24074:
24047:
23948:
23918:
23793:
23715:
23636:
23624:
23385:
23370:
23360:
23331:
23289:
23204:
23172:
23120:
23053:
22890:
22765:
22622:
22378:
22368:
21987:
21918:
21771:
21741:
21448:
21340:
21220:
21087:
19522:"Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America"
19003:"Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America"
17640:
17419:"Study of short Peruvians reveals new gene with a major impact on height"
16702:
16177:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. p. 49.
16143:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. p. 27.
14053:
Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca (Vols. 1–3)
13872:
13803:
Imperfect balance: landscape transformations in the Precolumbian Americas
10980:
10978:
10976:
10532:
10410:
9402:
7843:
7673:
7540:
7528:
7484:
7453:
7413:
7409:
7334:
7258:
6557:
6456:
6101:
5967:
5836:
5648:
5457:
5453:
5377:
5373:
5356:
are in the westernmost areas facing Guatemala and along the coast of the
5215:
5197:
5181:
5165:
5153:
5006:
4942:, or residency. A minority of Native Americans live in land units called
4342:. First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples of all backgrounds have become
3732:
3672:
3359:
3123:
2998:
2975:
2963:
2909:
2888:
2824:
2799:
2753:
2695:
2664:
2640:
2578:
2517:
2027:
1788:
1716:
1692:
1665:
1641:
1563:
1559:
1522:
1494:
1113:
1074:
1007:
1000:
956:
810:
634:
562:
527:
19319:
19250:
18827:
18733:
15479:
14951:"Página/12 :: Sociedad :: Lo que el Censo ayuda a visibilizar"
14038:
Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca (Vols. 13)
12401:
Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence: from ancient times to the present
12118:
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: ˜a Population History Since 1492
12047:
11705:
11628:
11345:
11328:
11014:"Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum"
10655:
10593:
9711:
8492:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. p. 184.
7667:(ANE), deeply related to European hunter-gatherers, giving rise to both
7639:. Native Americans also share a relatively higher genetic affinity with
6208:
5823:. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the
4930:
were the largest single Native American group in the 2020 census, while
4740:
4659:
identifies 62 Indigenous groups in Mexico, each with a unique language.
2959:
2644:
2173:, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on
2041:
diseases caused the deaths of 90 to 95% of the native population of the
26146:
26141:
26116:
26044:
25977:
25867:
25317:
24727:
24424:
24317:
24275:
24091:
24054:
24017:
23913:
23500:
23412:
23239:
23140:
23113:
23033:
22831:
22785:
22696:
22664:
22416:
22254:
22234:
21676:
21468:
21230:
20479:
20449:
20023:. trans. Susan Giersbach Rascón. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
19915:
18887:
18201:
17283:
17280:"El gradiente sociogenético chileno y sus implicaciones ético-sociales"
16881:
15833:
15766:
15491:
Inuit Circumpolar Council > ICC Charter and By-laws > ICC Charter
15336:"Atlas Sociodemografico y de la Desigualdad en Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry"
14900:
13988:
13347:
13128:
12957:
12818:
12147:
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History since 1492
11740:
Stolen Continents: 500 Years of Conquest and Resistance in the Americas
11327:
Somerville, Andrew D.; Casar, Isabel; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquín (2021).
11267:
11197:
10111:
9765:
9438:
7582:
7468:
7243:
7235:, despite dissent from some of the stronger countries of the Americas.
7044:
6605:
around 2% of the Philippine population are Native American in descent.
6541:
6464:
6341:
6315:
6122:
5991:
5915:
5757:
5541:
5393:
5280:
5223:
5139:
4809:
4392:
3335:
3115:
2839:
2805:
2610:
2568:
2521:
2217:
2066:
2004:
1989:
1969:
1451:
1149:
1145:
951:
405:
21861:
19727:
The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin American States
17965:
16173:[Population and Housing Census 2020: Presentation of results]
15361:"Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011"
12069:
Martin, Stacie E (2004). "Native Americans". In Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
10973:
10819:
10724:. Smithsonian Institution Anthropology Outreach Office. Archived from
7599:
6560:
and Cuba to a lesser extent, possesses degrees of Taíno ancestry. The
5688:
5093:
4856:
4577:
4312:
1477:(26,000 to 19,000 years ago). These populations expanded south of the
1226:('Indigenous peoples') are common formal-sounding designations, while
26106:
25972:
25877:
25474:
25347:
25204:
24780:
24528:
24332:
24101:
24086:
23684:
23669:
23594:
23577:
23495:
23380:
23321:
23311:
23306:
23229:
23108:
22996:
22922:
22689:
22679:
22437:
22433:
22408:
22158:
21493:
21383:
17740:
17704:"La historia de José Maria, el único presidente indígena de Colombia"
15932:
15857:
15430:. Aboriginal Infant Development Programs of B.C. 2009. Archived from
14727:
Norris, Tina; Vines, Paula L.; Hoeffel, Elizabeth M. (January 2012).
14025:] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Eudeba. pp. 178–180.
13856:
13606:
13150:
Bombay, Amy; Matheson, Kimberly; Anisman, Hymie (24 September 2013).
10889:
10865:
10863:
10713:
10556:
10525:
10386:
9152:
7858:
7616:
7578:
7563:
6987:
6927:
6445:
6322:
making up the majority of the indigenous population in Paraguay. The
6092:
5816:
5815:, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the
5553:
5446:
5259:
5245:
5201:
5189:
5177:
4903:
4888:
4868:
4864:
4616:
4519:
4451:
4412:
4289:
4182:
3822:
3432:
3340:
3291:
3283:
3204:
3175:
Indigenous peoples textile art in 1995 by Julia Pingushat, including
3107:
to write histories of Indigenous peoples from Indigenous viewpoints.
3036:
3009:
2849:
2784:
2702:
2684:
2680:
2626:
2614:
2586:
2573:
2552:
2404:
2267: Resident schools where no investigations have taken place (100)
2062:
2042:
2038:
1622:
1525:
1470:
1321:
1201:
814:
468:
366:
304:
241:
97:
21942:
21612:
19899:
19581:"Gene study points to link between Stone Age China and the Americas"
18143:"DNA tests stand on shaky ground to define Native American identity"
18046:
17618:
17359:
17322:
16873:
16139:[2020 Population and Housing Census: Supplementary results]
15532:
15417:
14158:
13869:
11992:. 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK: Bloomsbury. p. 375.
10987:"New Evidence Complicates the Story of the Peopling of the Americas"
10686:
10665:
The Emergence of Humans: An Exploration of the Evolutionary Timeline
6512:
The indigenous population of the Caribbean islands consisted of the
6185:
6153:
6045:
5910:(FUNAI) reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different
5792:
5692:
5493:
5240:
4757:
the right to apply their normative systems of regulation as long as
2843:
2477:
Persistent drought around AD 850 coincided with the collapse of the
2466:, where it was cultivated as long as 10,000 years ago. According to
2143:. In 1832 the federal government of the United States established a
1728:
1540:
ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using
1305:
25792:
25757:
24106:
24042:
23889:
23847:
23582:
23490:
23365:
23187:
23150:
23130:
22424:
22274:
21816:
21811:
21701:
21681:
20731:
20281:
19925:
Indianer 1858–1928, Photographische Reisen von Alaska bis Feuerland
19672:
Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima
19290:
18678:
17140:
17095:. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
16952:
16609:
15683:
13654:
10811:
10562:
9862:
9576:
8254:(in Spanish). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística.
8101:
Sum of people who identify as Maya (6,207,503) and Xinka (264,167).
7586:
7559:
7547:
7492:
7440:
7421:
7378:
6887:
6598:
6553:
6529:
6468:
6346:
6311:
6216:
6181:
6060:
6053:
5776:
5660:
5405:
5219:
4970:
4950:
4931:
4818:
4526:
4476:
4461:
4369:
4234:(First Nations, Inuit, Métis) by census division, according to the
4122:
4062:
3942:
3303:
3295:
3279:
3032:
3013:
3006:
2967:
2761:
2635:
2630:
2441:
2433:
2124:
2046:
1981:
1937:
1880:
1541:
1502:
1482:
1360:
1317:
1134:
1128:
1011:
960:
789:
598:
507:
384:
346:
199:
45:
21836:
17128:
16013:
Eduardo; March, Santiago; Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo (26 May 2009).
15713:
15509:
11564:. New studies in medieval history series. Basingstoke, Hampshire:
11526:"Inside The Last Meals Of Ancient Victims Of Sacrifice And Murder"
11353:
11162:
10860:
10774:"The peopling of the Americas: Genetic ancestry influences health"
10442:
10440:
9537:
Discourse Analysis as Sociocriticism : The Spanish Golden Age
8739:"Puerto Rico: 2010 Summary Population and Housing Characteristics"
6513:
5524:
4824:
4703:
3394:
as estimated percentage of total country or territory's population
3248:
2741:
were bred to hunt larger game. Some Andean cultures also bred the
1985:
1965:
768:
25812:
25742:
24749:
24737:
24168:
23960:
23906:
23852:
23674:
23480:
23390:
23244:
23145:
23103:
22966:
22885:
22838:
22826:
22420:
21957:
21841:
21582:
21478:
21453:
21438:
21358:
21353:
21310:
21285:
21255:
20058:. Vol. 13. Translated by John Maressa. New York: Macmillan.
17684:
16976:"Encuesta Complementaria de Pueblos Indígenas (ECPI) 2004 – 2005"
16224:[General Law on Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples]
11232:
10922:
10740:
10449:"The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas"
7998:
7853:
7833:
7480:
7382:
7210:
Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin
7017:
6533:
6415:
6366:
6204:
6137:
6131:
6080:
6064:
5975:
5807:
5800:
5769:
5640:
5635:
In 2005, the Indigenous population living in Argentina (known as
5345:
5051:
4978:
4892:
4876:
4872:
4837:
4814:
4663:
4647:, and the most remote and difficult-to-access areas, such as the
4625:
4510:
4480:
4416:
4400:
4376:
4152:
3972:
3852:
3642:
3582:
3287:
3264:; when played, it produces a sound that mimics a jaguar's growl.
3194:
feather pectoral, feathers, reed, copper, silver, hide, cordage,
3138:
3087:
2794:
In the Andean region, indigenous peoples domesticated llamas and
2734:
2672:
2648:
2618:
2602:
2544:
2497:
2306:
2070:
2000:
1977:
1945:
1941:
1830:
Society of the Spanish-Americans in the Spanish Colonial Americas
1645:
1566:
1462:
1371:. During the latter half of the 20th century and the rise of the
1355:
1250:
are rarely used in Brazil in Indigenous-specific contexts (e.g.,
983:
with the "Three Sisters" rock formation in the background in 2007
980:
924:
908:
885:
772:
670:
447:
262:
136:
24519:
21886:
20999:
19995:
Aboriginal people and other Canadians: shaping new relationships
17229:"Uncontacted Amazonian Tribe Spotted in Rare Photos: Big Pics h"
16171:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Presentación de resultados"
16137:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: Resultados complementarios"
15892:
14612:"Indians, Song, and Dance in the Missions of Northern New Spain"
12864:
12797:
Pearson, J. Diane (Autumn 2003). "The Politics of Sovereignty".
12771:
11460:"What Colombia's Kogi people can teach us about the environment"
5795:, 69,000. Some 124,000 belong to smaller Indigenous groups. The
3055:) are books that were written by pre-Columbian and colonial-era
2516:
valley, Europeans noted that Native Americans managed groves of
1964:
The first Indigenous group encountered by Columbus, the 250,000
1112:(also describing First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) is a specific
25297:
24236:
23773:
23751:
23604:
23540:
23485:
22875:
22853:
22821:
22795:
22363:
22353:
21736:
21731:
21656:
21592:
21473:
21423:
21413:
21388:
19974:
An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires
19518:
19229:
18999:
18866:
17110:"Bolivian president Morales launches the "indigenous autonomy""
16310:"Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas"
16222:"Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas"
13577:
13549:"Using DNA, scientists hunt for the roots of the modern potato"
11530:
10437:
8395:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived from
7585:, with a possible initial layover of 10,000 to 20,000 years in
6957:
6397:
6385:
6263:
6239:
6235:
6169:
6028:
5892:
5672:
5520:
5211:
5185:
5071:
5014:
4998:
4966:
4954:
4927:
4829:
4744:
4695:
4679:
4675:
4667:
4597:
4565:
4561:
4032:
3882:
3492:
3462:
3355:
3351:
3240:
3232:
3180:
3119:
3095:
2974:
Beginning in the 1st millennium BCE, pre-Columbian cultures in
2934:
2922:
2795:
2757:
2688:
2668:
2606:
2594:
2590:
2471:
2445:
2416:
2371:
2139:
brought devastation and drastic population depletion among the
2100:
2058:
1925:
1899:
1884:
1700:
1688:
1630:
1618:
1609:
1466:
1368:
1121:
972:
489:
426:
325:
283:
220:
76:
20088:
Children's Engagement in the World: Sociocultural Perspectives
19400:
Gill, Haechan; Lee, Juhyeon; Jeong, Choongwon (2 April 2024).
18658:
18615:
17875:
16377:"Aguacatecos, cakchiqueles, ixiles, kekchíes, tecos y quichés"
16312:[General Law of the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples]
15342:(in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Archived from
15120:"Documents, Results Documents, Colombia; Latinobarómetro 2023"
14371:
Pictorial Documents and Visual Thinking in Postconquest Mexico
13689:. History of warfare. Vol. 2 (reprint ed.). Boston:
11326:
9265:
9195:"Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX"
8173:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. p. 103.
7377:
A map showing the origin of the first wave of humans into the
7208:
and preservation of their cultures. Organizations such as the
6230:
In 1986, Indigenous peoples formed the first "truly" national
5752:
5540:, which are administrative regions for areas with substantial
4768:
the right to preserve and enrich their languages and cultures;
4205:
2127:
by 1679. During the 1770s smallpox killed at least 30% of the
1636:
1279:
Indigenous peoples of the United States are commonly known as
25827:
25337:
24524:
24302:
24022:
23756:
23710:
23572:
23427:
23375:
22951:
22917:
22003:
21947:
21938:
21826:
21403:
19867:
500 Nations: An Illustrated History of North American Indians
19236:
15117:
14156:
13578:
Solis, JS; Anabalón Rodríguez; Leonardo; et al. (2007).
10842:"68 Responses to "Sea will rise 'to levels of last Ice Age'""
10563:
Moreno-Mayar, JV; Potter, BA; Vinner, L; et al. (2018).
10447:
Goebel, Ted; Waters, Michael R.; O'Rourke, Dennis H. (2008).
9582:'Indian' or 'Native American'? [Reservations, Part 0]
8525:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. p. 22.
8084:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. p. 10.
7603:
6472:
6460:
6282:
6149:
5948:
5452:
Another major Indigenous culture in eastern Nicaragua is the
5063:
4721:
National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples
4593:
4549:
4439:
4424:
4372:
4293:
4258:
3912:
3612:
3228:
3080:
3056:
3051:
3021:
2987:
2954:
2892:
2809:
2746:
2540:
2459:
2428:
2408:
2206:
2170:
2166:
1792:
1759:
1704:
1684:
1586:
human arrival in the Americas may have occurred prior to the
1549:
1211:
1097:
1055:
1051:
996:
780:
776:
178:
25173:
22585:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
21152:
19066:"Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics"
18798:
17617:
Go MC, Jones AR, Algee-Hewitt B, Dudzik B, Hughes C (2019).
17451:
Urarina Society, Cosmology, and History in Peruvian Amazonia
17361:
Gisella; Vela, Margarita; Paz-y-Miño, César (25 June 2019).
15568:
Invisible genealogies: a history of Americanist anthropology
15542:. Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. 12 May 2006.
15425:"Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Métis"
15385:
12660:. Fourdir.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016
12369:"The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs"
11359:
9997:"Terminology of First Nations Native, Aboriginal and Indian"
8712:(in Dutch). Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek. p. 46.
7896:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
5883:
2099:
Colonization of the Caribbean led to the destruction of the
1517:
moved when sea levels were significantly lowered due to the
25218:
24248:
24209:
23689:
23545:
23475:
23395:
23267:
22780:
19458:
18109:"Native Americans fear potential exploitation of their DNA"
17316:
Health equity and ethnic minorities in emergency situations
13950:
Petrigh, Romina S.; Fugassa, Martin H. (13 December 2013).
13943:
10928:
10616:
10108:
Language History, Language Change, and Languas Relationship
7871:
Child development of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7555:
7412:
line, from father to son, while "mtDNA" is passed down the
7239:
6549:
6184:, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the
6161:
6087:
5572:) subordinate to a province and considered equivalent to a
5002:
4973:
have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canada border.
4880:
4706:
regions of Mexico, Indigenous people are a small minority.
4465:
4092:
3216:
3176:
2929:
is the picture writing especially well developed among the
2676:
2449:
2261: Investigations that concluded with no discoveries (2)
1343:
115:
20287:
19371:"A Genetic Chronicle of the First Peoples in the Americas"
18746:
18043:"Central Asian origin of ancestors of the first Americans"
17815:
17313:
14446:""Hair Pipes in Plains Indian Adornment" by John C. Ewers"
13640:
13386:
11410:
Archaeology of Prehistoric Native America: An Encyclopedia
10164:
Scott, James C.; Tehranian, John; Mathias, Jeremy (2002).
9104:. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. 346–358.
8795:
8793:
8337:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos.
5943:
5765:
population was recorded as Indigenous in the 2001 Census.
4711:
General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples
4698:
are also present in the central regions of Mexico. In the
3310:, requiring artists to prove that they were enrolled in a
2717:
have been used by the people of the Americas, such as the
2115:
died of smallpox in an epidemic in 1617–1619. In 1633, in
23560:
23326:
23284:
20261:
17785:"Evo Morales's Chaotic Departure Won't Define His Legacy"
17616:
16769:
16676:
16548:. Belize Central Statistical Office. 2000. Archived from
15278:
14648:
14421:. The Princeton Art Museum. 17 April 2004. Archived from
12969:
12372:
12342:
8428:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo.
7554:. The former is the determinant factor for the number of
7496:
5695:(4,465), the Chané (4,376), and the Chorote (2,613). The
3171:
2531:
2367:
Prehistoric agriculture in the Southwestern United States
1506:
1153:
18920:
15457:"Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-Culture"
14843:
14729:"The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010"
13112:
12214:
Encyclopedia of slave resistance and rebellion, Volume 1
11273:
10846:
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University
10750:. National Geographic Society. 1996–2008. Archived from
10446:
7876:
Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7300:
but eventually lost and was exiled on December 4, 1854.
6236:
The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
5152:
women dancing in the traditional Procession of Palms in
3372:
Population history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3020:
of its community. It has more than a thousand different
1822:
Population history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
20224:
Cry of the Thunderbird: The American Indian's Own Story
19147:"Ancient Human Genomes Reveal Peopling of the Americas"
18530:"Summary of knowledge on the subclades of haplogroup Q"
16443:"Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos"
15540:"Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-object"
14224:"The Cascajal Block: The Earliest Precolumbian Writing"
13853:
The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature
13327:
10719:
10339:"University Of Guelph Brand Guide | Indigenous Peoples"
9794:
8891:"2011 Population and Housing Census Demographic Report"
8790:
8707:"Demografische en Sociale Karakteristieken en Migratie"
8488:[Results – Population and Housing Census 2005]
7460:
that are genetically closest to" Indigenous Americans.
7361:
Y-DNA haplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7220:
and the accession of native Indigenous groups into the
4969:, span both sides of the US–Mexican border. By treaty,
2474:, while others enjoyed a varied and substantial diet."
2065:
and smallpox together in 1558, smallpox again in 1589,
20350:
20125:
19971:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1994).
18367:
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
18231:
16798:"Guatemala adopts indigenous rights into Constitution"
15113:
15111:
15109:
12311:
Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650
11066:
9032:
9014:"Population by Ethnic, Racial or National Group, 2011"
7566:
present in today's Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7416:
line, from mother to offspring of both sexes. Neither
5560:) exist as equivalent to a province, with two smaller
4277:
with distinctive cultures, languages, art, and music.
2003:, a violent poison. Eventually, a Taíno Cacique named
1936:
Epidemics ravaged the Americas with diseases, such as
22580:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
20159:
18177:"Mitochondrial DNA and the Peopling of the New World"
18045:. In Boldykova, Zhamilya; Berdigulova, Assel (eds.).
17680:"Colombia says police fired on indigenous protesters"
17104:
17102:
16603:
Salas, Antonio; Lovo-Gomez, Jose (2 September 2009).
16284:
Secretaría de Cultura/Sistema de Información Cultural
16249:[Indigenous Population, 2010 and 2020 INEGI]
13149:
13018:
12607:"Dutch Children's Disease Kills Thousands of Mohawks"
11990:
American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present
11742:(1st Mariner Books ed.). Boston, Massachusetts:
10220:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
10163:
10106:
Hock, Hans Henrich; Joseph, Brian D. (22 July 2019).
10044:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
9121:
1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
8193:
7573:
The most popular theory among anthropologists is the
7398:
Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7355:
Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
4949:
Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the
2947:
Syllabics used by Indigenous peoples living in Canada
2870:
Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2496:
Indigenous peoples of North America began practicing
2255: Investigations underway as of 30 July 2021 (17)
2230:
Historical trauma § Indigenous historical trauma
19992:
Todd, Roy; Thornton, Martin; Collins, D. N. (2001).
19185:
Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia
18336:"Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Genebase Tutorials"
18188:. American Scientist Online May–June 2000 (3): 246.
15659:
Indigenous difference and the Constitution of Canada
14160:
A Red Like No Other: How Cochineal Colored the World
13206:
12462:. Libby-genealogy.com. 30 April 2009. Archived from
12071:
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity
10748:"Atlas of the Human Journey-The Genographic Project"
10004:
the Office of the Aboriginal Advisor for Aboriginals
8041:
7694:
6593:
and thus many Mexicans including those of indgenous
3231:
are made of river cane, cedar, and other woods. The
3208:
An Indigenous man playing a panpipe, antara, or siku
2866:
Classification of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2057:
of 1529–1532. Smallpox was only the first epidemic.
20216:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1978–.
19991:
18174:
15697:. Government of Canada. 27 May 2009. Archived from
15633:Kalman, Harold; Mills, Edward (30 September 2007).
15515:
15106:
13553:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
13335:
Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
13077:
Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development
12581:"Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge"
9044:
8169:[Population Characteristics – 2012 Census]
7272:The first Indigenous President of the Americas was
5531:comprise half of the indigenous peoples of Panama.
5334:
ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples
5074:ancestry and make up another 6% of the population.
2895:hunter-gatherers based primarily on bison hunting.
2088:at Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City) in 1521.
2033:Epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the
20221:
17585:"Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation"
17514:. Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville.
17510:Stokes, Anne V.; Keegan, William F. (April 1993).
17099:
16765:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
16672:"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
15893:"National Aboriginal Achievement Award Recipients"
15118:Latinobarómetro 2023 Colombia (14 February 2024).
14726:
14644:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
13873:"The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas"
11203:
10662:Ash, Patricia J. & Robinson, David J. (2011).
5188:, and had many settlements there, most noticeably
2798:to produce fiber and meat. The llama was the only
2296:between IHT and potential adverse health impacts.
44:Current distribution of Indigenous peoples of the
24665:
19927:. Museum für Volkerkunde Hamburg: Edition Braus.
19064:Willerslev, Eske; Meltzer, David J. (June 2021).
19063:
17090:
16564:
14720:
13863:
13632:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
13116:Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology
11957:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
11556:
10906:The Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology
10898:"Early Paleoindians, from Colonization to Folsom"
9601:
9234:
9192:
9102:The Dawn of Everything, A New History of Humanity
8925:. The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia.
8486:"Resultados – Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2005"
8461:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
7284:, and before his presidency, he fought alongside
6318:region in the northwest of the country, with the
5725:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
5296:these communities and outside of them, around 23
5262:has one of the largest Indigenous populations in
3268:Visual arts by Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3163:Visual arts by Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2878:Category:Archaeological cultures of South America
2874:Category:Archaeological cultures of North America
2073:in 1618—all ravaged the remains of Inca culture.
1861:at the time of European colonization (in Spanish)
26181:
19151:GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News
17325:: The Commission on Social Health Determinants,
15637:. The Canadian Encyclopedia (Historica-Dominion)
15487:"Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada)-ICC Charter"
14981:Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation
14185:
13774:Southern Forest Resource Assessment Final Report
12073:. Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 740–746.
10623:Núñez Castillo, Mélida Inés (20 December 2021).
9320:
4902:The United States has authority over Indigenous
1875:, compiled between 1540 and 1585, depicting the
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1194:('native peoples') may also be heard; moreover,
1182:('Indigenous peoples') is a common term, though
1132:
1077:of "American Indian", was coined in 1902 by the
20212:, ongoing 20-volume series generally edited by
20129:International Journal of Behavioral Development
19645:, 1763: The History of a Native American People
17764:Rippy, James Fred; Wilgus, Alva Curtis (1935).
16703:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
16602:
15928:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
15794:
15246:Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática
13730:The Great Maya Droughts: Water, Life, and Death
12552:See Varese (2004), as reviewed in Dean (2006).
11781:English 257: Literature of Western Civilization
11681:
11242:21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook
8680:. Statistical Institute of Belize. p. 20.
8219:
7233:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
6608:
6160:were the most advanced, and most feared by the
3141:used to write some Indigenous languages of the
2701:in Guatemala and hunting and fishing among the
2244:. This map can be expanded and interacted with.
2223:
1583:Evidence of pre-Clovis cultures has accumulated
22560:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
22545:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
20048:"South American Indian Religions: An Overview"
19836:"North American Indian Religions: An Overview"
18500:"New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop"
18412:
18170:
18168:
18136:
18134:
17766:Argentina, Brazil and Chile Since Independence
14636:
14346:
14344:
14314:
13949:
13074:
12719:
11274:John E Kicza; Rebecca Horn (3 November 2016).
10622:
10070:
10068:
9367:Word myths: debunking linguistic urban legends
9092:
8167:"Características de la Población – Censo 2012"
7952:Genocide of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7864:
7829:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7341:was the first Indigenous candidate elected as
7222:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
5756:An Indigenous woman in traditional dress near
5683:(10,590). Minor but important peoples are the
5120:(Southern Costa Rica long the Panamá border).
5058:, who came to Belize in the 19th century from
4771:the right to elect representatives before the
2966:in stucco now on display at Museo de sitio in
2802:in the Americas before European colonization.
2249: Confirmed discoveries of gravesites (24)
1672:While technically referring to the era before
1427:; figures are in thousands of years ago (kya).
25189:
24651:
24505:
22638:
21138:
21114:
20985:
20336:
20012:
18459:"First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover"
18283:
18102:
18100:
17995:
17993:
17939:
17610:
17222:
17220:
17194:(Cochabamba), edición especial, 6 August 2010
16494:
15723:Canada and Colonialism: An Unfinished History
14388:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 395–417.
13571:
12173:Espagnols-Indiens: le choc des civilisations"
11238:
11172:Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project
11168:
10931:"Late Date of human arrival to North America"
10417:Fagan, Brian M. & Durrani, Nadia (2016).
9859:"Indigenous or Aboriginal: Which is correct?"
9529:
7795:
7184:
6144:, developed in the coastal region, while the
6022:
3183:, Nunavut, Canada, wool, and embroidery floss
1481:and spread rapidly southward, occupying both
1269:
1260:). The Spanish and Portuguese equivalents to
1205:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1156:
19641:The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at
19399:
18609:
18329:
18327:
18002:"Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance"
17509:
16963:International Work Group for Indian Affairs.
16515:
16163:
16129:
15822:The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics
15662:. University of Toronto Press. p. 170.
15635:"Architectural History: Early First Nations"
15330:
15328:
14315:Kettunen, Harri; Helmke, Christophe (2010).
14284:
14229:. Mesoweb Reports & News. pp. 1–4.
14123:. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
14016:
12168:
12166:
11987:
11175:. National Geographic Books. pp. 222–.
10416:
9235:Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (August 2008).
8801:"VI Censo de población y V de vivienda 2007"
8250:[Indigenous Population of Colombia]
8126:
8124:
7901:
7817:List of Indigenous writers from the Americas
7249:
4732:Spanish (0.7% of the country's population).
4580:(and into neighboring areas of contemporary
2448:has a single origin in the area of southern
2427:, as with the domestication and breeding of
2015:. Hearing of the seriousness of the revolt,
1379:responded by proposing the use of the term "
1116:used in some legal documents, including the
20300:
19970:
19758:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
19752:Dean, Bartholomew; Levi, Jerome M. (2003).
18165:
18131:
17763:
17035:
17015:
16994:
16968:
16853:
16851:
16849:
16666:
16664:
16662:
16660:
16546:"Belize 2000 Housing and Population Census"
15841:"Genocide and Indigenous Peoples in Canada"
15632:
15461:Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation
15136:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
14694:
14668:
14341:
14150:
12726:The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases
12036:History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
11881:
11598:"Method and Theory in American Archaeology"
11492:"Inca Child Sacrifice Victims Were Drugged"
10908:. Oxford University Press. pp. 86–95.
10661:
10065:
8833:"Population and Housing Census Report 2012"
8333:[Presentation of National Results]
6310:The vast majority of indigenous peoples in
4206:History and status by continent and country
3031:, one of the earliest in the Americas, was
2528:further away, in forest and prairie areas.
2500:approximately 4,000 years ago, late in the
2363:Prehistoric agriculture on the Great Plains
1954:enslaved Western and Central African people
1806:, and others came from "across the ocean".
1613:Language families of Indigenous peoples in
1401:
25196:
25182:
24658:
24644:
24512:
24498:
22652:
22645:
22631:
21145:
21131:
20992:
20978:
20343:
20329:
19833:
18522:
18097:
18070:
17990:
17945:
17530:
17256:"In Amazonia, Defending the Hidden Tribes"
17217:
17165:
17163:
16596:
16502:"2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)"
15897:National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation
14023:The material and social life of the Yámana
13850:
13792:
10895:
10171:Comparative Studies in Society and History
10134:
10105:
9850:
9644:
9337:"Varieties of Indigeneity in the Americas"
9038:
8896:. Central Statistical Office. p. 94.
8865:"Ethnic Groups by Sex 1991, 2001 and 2011"
8273:
8240:
8080:[Main Results of the 2018 Census]
7987:Native Americans in German popular culture
7957:History of the west coast of North America
7812:List of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
7807:List of Indigenous artists of the Americas
7191:
7177:
1972:, represented the dominant culture in the
1894:Indigenous people at a farm plantation in
1787:(the historical site of what would become
1668:human sacrifice from around the year 1500.
1544:, they migrated down the Pacific coast to
1264:, nevertheless, could be used to mean any
1256:is usually understood as the ethnonym for
856:. There are at least a thousand different
38:
22550:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
19688:
19572:
19555:
19495:
19435:
19267:
19249:
19178:
19036:
18875:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
18843:
18775:
18686:
18635:
18592:
18582:
18418:
18379:
18363:
18324:
18289:
18266:
17999:
17973:
17922:
17904:
17836:
17556:
17394:
17184:
17169:
17061:
16795:
16640:
16630:
16112:
16102:
16050:
16040:
15571:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
15325:
15240:[Peru: Sociodemographic Profile]
14888:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
14383:
14350:Urcid Javier, 2005; La Escritura zapoteca
14120:Cochineal Red: The Art History of a Color
13911:
13901:
13761:
13605:
13513:
13503:
13422:
13363:
13304:
13183:
12747:
12737:
12248:
12210:
12163:
11892:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. xiv.
11885:American%20Indian%20Myths%20and%20Legends
11344:
10956:
10946:
10638:
10477:
10367:
10074:
9819:
9303:
9285:
8867:. Central Statistics Office of Dominica.
8201:"Race and Ethnicity in the United States"
8134:[Peru: Sociodemographic Profile]
8121:
7719:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
7686:List of indigenous people of the Americas
7322:became the first Peruvian President with
5775:The largest Indigenous ethnic groups are
5603:List of indigenous languages in Argentina
4265:, representing roughly 5.0% of the total
2177:in several regions, such as those of the
963:) in relation to the continental Americas
809:, while others practiced agriculture and
24626:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
21154:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
20273:A History of the Native People of Canada
20219:
19948:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
19751:
19622:The Historical Atlas of Native Americans
18740:
18532:. Genebase Systems. 2009. Archived from
18147:National Human Genome Research Institute
18040:
16903:
16857:
16846:
16657:
15750:
15719:
15366:. Ine.gov.ve. p. 29. Archived from
15297:
15144:
14753:
14545:
14398:
14221:
13447:""Native Americans: The First Farmers."
12114:
12083:
11950:
11882:Erdoes, Richard; Ortiz, Alfonso (1985).
11210:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 192–.
10984:
10797:
10033:
10031:
9722:Diccionario de la Real Academia Española
8391:[Indigenous Population Results]
8283:. Statistics Canada. 21 September 2022.
7918:Society in the Spanish Colonial Americas
7645:
7619:derived from later migrant populations.
7388:
7372:
7364:
7345:and the first elected in South America.
7253:
6435:
6340:
6121:
6044:
5953:
5942:
5882:
5870:
5751:
5618:
5606:
5492:
5250:
5239:
5143:
4823:
4808:
4796:
4734:
4525:
4509:
4497:
4364:
4225:
3203:
3186:
3170:
2958:
2908:
2530:
2483:
2395:
2382:
2370:
2133:1775–82 North American smallpox epidemic
1911:
1889:
1864:
1848:
1833:
1809:
1655:
1635:
1608:
1461:, which had formed between northeastern
1414:
1326:
1304:
966:
950:
20284:from the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA)
20085:
20045:
19945:The Ecological Indian: Myth and History
19864:
19368:
18726:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143932
18548:
18491:
18333:
17696:
17577:
17160:
16538:
16247:"Población Indígena, 2010 y 2020 INEGI"
15819:
15655:
15605:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
15598:
15564:
14110:
14050:
14035:
14019:La vida material y social de los Yámana
13646:
13475:
12796:
12583:. Ucpress.edu. p. . Archived from
12339:"BBC Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge"
11988:McKenna, Erin; Pratt, Scott L. (2015).
11675:
11590:
10692:
10392:
10135:McCoy, John F.; Light, Timothy (1986).
10077:"Indigenous Peoples: Terminology Guide"
9932:"Aboriginal Identity & Terminology"
9797:"diGJamaica :: Amerindian Jamaica"
9611:An Introduction to Native North America
9050:
8331:"Presentación de Resultados Nacionales"
8287:from the original on 27 September 2022.
8078:"Principales Resultados del Censo 2018"
5534:Many of the Indigenous Peoples live on
5352:descent. The largest concentrations of
4775:in which their territories are located;
4230:A map of Canada showing the percent of
3270:comprise a major category in the world
3133:Aboriginal syllabic writing, or simply
2375:A bison hunt depicted in a painting by
911:in Spanish-speaking countries. In many
14:
26182:
20292:National Museum of the American Indian
20098:Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood
19669:
19638:
19619:
19350:from the original on 28 September 2022
19157:from the original on 15 September 2021
19144:
19122:from the original on 12 September 2021
18709:
18666:The American Journal of Human Genetics
18652:
18450:
18422:The Journey of Man – A Genetic Odyssey
18293:The Journey of Man – A Genetic Odyssey
18106:
17734:
17677:
17536:
17485:"Cuba Indígena hoy: sus rostros y AND"
17226:
17116:from the original on 11 September 2015
16946:
16904:Saballos, Francisco (10 August 2011).
16834:from the original on 29 September 2020
15975:
15393:"Census Program Data Viewer dashboard"
14781:
14236:from the original on 13 September 2009
14167:from the original on 14 September 2022
14116:
13677:
13546:
13540:
13108:
13106:
13070:
13068:
13014:
13012:
12931:
12929:
12927:
12925:
12923:
12921:
12919:
12917:
12915:
12249:Traboulay, David M. (September 1994).
12068:
12033:
12029:
12027:
12025:
12023:
11983:
11981:
11912:
11845:"Medieval Population Dynamics to 1500"
11734:
11622:
11403:
11300:
11204:John H. Relethford (17 January 2017).
10531:
10420:World Prehistory: A Brief Introduction
9989:
9929:
9881:
9856:
9607:
9530:Gómez-Moriana, Antonio (12 May 1993).
9502:
9471:Encyclopedia of North American Indians
9437:
9363:
9165:
9159:
9148:Keywords for American Cultural Studies
8994:from the original on 28 September 2021
8261:from the original on 18 September 2020
4843:Indigenous peoples in what is now the
4446:, they consist of three major groups:
3389:Indigenous populations of the Americas
2731:indigenous peoples in the Great Plains
1740:history and prehistory of the Americas
25177:
24639:
24493:
23816:
23455:
22721:
22626:
21126:
21113:
20973:
20324:
20163:Perspectives on Psychological Science
20094:
19941:
19922:
19846:. Vol. 10. New York: Macmillan.
19179:Kozintsev, A. G. (31 December 2020).
18140:
18119:from the original on 23 November 2021
18076:
17782:
17537:Mawson, Stephanie J. (15 June 2016).
17518:from the original on 17 December 2012
16476:Alaskan Native Heritage Center Museum
16290:from the original on 29 December 2021
15801:Canadian Journal of Political Science
15772:
15463:. Government of Canada. 12 May 2006.
15255:from the original on 11 February 2020
15172:
14452:from the original on 17 December 2017
13851:Atran, Scott; Medin, Douglas (2010).
13798:
13559:from the original on 26 February 2020
12878:from the original on 17 November 2017
12772:"Mountain Man Plain Indian Fur Trade"
12692:
12623:
12563:Aboriginal Distributions 1630 to 1653
11863:from the original on 26 December 2018
11791:from the original on 27 December 2018
11523:
11408:. In Guy Gibbon; et al. (eds.).
11117:
10206:
10137:Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies
10028:
9959:
9957:
9925:
9923:
9921:
9825:
9766:"The Abbreviated History of Barbados"
9670:from the original on 25 February 2021
9589:from the original on 21 December 2021
9467:
9401:
9193:Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (2004).
9144:
9064:"Indigenous Peoples of North America"
8903:from the original on 30 December 2021
8664:Corresponding to "Born in Greenland".
8145:from the original on 11 February 2020
8012:
7977:Native American Languages Act of 1990
7967:Native Americans in the United States
7659:around 36,000 years ago somewhere in
7552:European colonization of the Americas
7408:. "Y-DNA" is passed solely along the
7290:Spanish-American Wars of Independence
6585:Mexican settlement in the Philippines
4918:; politically they are classified as
4789:Native Americans in the United States
4600:, who, from their central capital at
4242:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
3318:. To support the ongoing practice of
3059:. These codices are some of the best
2238:Indigenous resident schools in Canada
1816:European colonization of the Americas
1556:, up to a hundred metres since then.
1092:" is used as the collective name for
1006:The islands came to be known as the "
999:, thought that he had arrived in the
862:federally recognized tribes in the US
860:spoken across the Americas, with 574
25158:
23817:
19883:
19821:from the original on 6 November 2011
19780:
19720:
19698:. San Francisco: City Lights Books.
19647:. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.
19578:
19381:from the original on 27 October 2022
19211:from the original on 14 January 2023
19197:10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.4.135-145
18902:from the original on 26 January 2023
18497:
18153:from the original on 11 January 2022
18022:from the original on 20 January 2022
17716:from the original on 20 October 2023
17491:from the original on 10 October 2023
17482:
17447:
16931:"Panama History: Indigenous People."
16745:from the original on 7 November 2017
16715:from the original on 7 November 2017
16260:from the original on 24 January 2022
16184:from the original on 24 January 2022
16150:from the original on 31 January 2022
15939:
15903:from the original on 11 October 2009
15728:University of British Columbia Press
15695:Ethno-Cultural and Aboriginal Groups
15546:from the original on 15 October 2009
15467:from the original on 20 October 2009
15006:"Britannica World Data: Argentina."
14682:from the original on 7 February 2013
14624:from the original on 11 October 2021
14560:from the original on 27 January 2018
14179:
14098:from the original on 19 January 2022
14065:
13767:
13723:
13614:from the original on 9 February 2009
13249:from the original on 13 October 2012
12852:from the original on 5 December 2009
12839:
12440:from the original on 6 December 2017
12397:
12379:from the original on 16 January 2010
12308:
11538:from the original on 7 November 2020
11432:
10869:
10213:
10037:
9838:from the original on 25 October 2016
9776:from the original on 16 January 2000
9575:
9509:. Intercultural Press. p. 116.
9114:
9108:
8982:"Population and Housing Census 2011"
8950:"2011 Population and Housing Census"
8923:"2010 Housing and Population Census"
8871:from the original on 30 January 2022
8845:from the original on 24 January 2022
8751:from the original on 31 January 2022
8675:"Population and Housing Census 2010"
8647:. Statistics Greenland. p. 37.
8344:from the original on 31 October 2023
8049:"Adolescente y Adolescente indígena"
7881:Indigenous Movements in the Americas
7777:Indigenous languages of the Americas
7627:, and to the ancient samples of the
7313:Second French intervention in Mexico
6180:, the Cayambe, the Quitu-Caras, the
6126:Shaman of the Cofán people from the
5706:
5428:, and other languages. Their use of
5302:Native American Indigenous languages
4564:, who held sway in the mountains of
4332:Indigenous self-government in Canada
2905:Indigenous languages of the Americas
2762:several cultures in Tierra del Fuego
2756:was a domesticated variation of the
1798:Inuit, Yupik, Aleut, and Indigenous
1734:The Pre-Columbian era refers to all
1660:"The Maiden", one of the discovered
1594:
1079:American Anthropological Association
63:Regions with significant populations
21578:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
20078:
18419:Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark (2002).
18290:Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark (2002).
18006:An Introduction to genetic analysis
17678:Markey, Patrick (23 October 2008).
17655:from the original on 7 January 2021
17227:Colitt, Raymond (1 February 2011).
17136:"Bolivian Indians in historic step"
16924:
15285:from the original on 7 January 2021
14961:from the original on 15 August 2021
14656:from the original on 9 January 2021
14592:from the original on 9 October 2022
14419:"Music from the Land of the Jaguar"
14254:
14068:"Mesoamerican Stingless Beekeeping"
13585:Electronic Journal of Biotechnology
13457:from the original on 29 August 2011
13103:
13065:
13009:
12912:
12720:Houston, C. S.; Houston, S (2000).
12181:, n°322, July–August 2007, pp.14–21
12020:
11978:
11809:
11472:from the original on 19 August 2020
11239:H. James Birx, ed. (10 June 2010).
10699:. A&C Black. pp. 101–103.
9443:"The Biggest Misnomer of All Time?"
8955:. Statistics Division. p. 64.
8769:
8687:from the original on 5 January 2022
8593:from the original on 5 January 2021
8586:. Bureau of Statistics. p. 5.
7930:Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
7908:Indigenous peoples of South America
7406:Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
7348:
7218:International Indian Treaty Council
6842:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP)
6508:Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean
5806:Large numbers of Bolivian highland
5588:Indigenous peoples of South America
2506:Indigenous peoples began using fire
2444:and wild species suggests that the
2137:1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic
1883:during the conquest-era in central
1648:, are a culturally intact, largely
1294:
24:
26190:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25133:
24579:
22570:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
21549:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
20708:
20624:
20352:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
20210:Handbook of North American Indians
20203:
19781:Dean, Bartholomew (January 2006).
19145:Sarkar, Anjali A. (18 June 2021).
18456:
18338:. Genebase Systems. Archived from
18297:(Digitised online by Google books)
17783:Albro, Robert (22 November 2019).
17770:George Washington University Press
17148:from the original on 5 August 2009
17091:Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia (1987).
16777:from the original on 16 April 2021
16684:from the original on 16 April 2021
16357:from the original on 24 April 2015
15872:Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
14717:. US: Central Intelligence Agency.
14678:. Statistics Canada. 19 May 2010.
14137:from the original on 28 March 2022
13726:"5. Famine and Social Dissolution"
13724:Gill, Richardson Benedict (2000).
12778:from the original on 17 March 2011
12578:
12530:. Millersville.edu. Archived from
12512:. 17 November 2017. Archived from
11301:Baisas, Laura (16 November 2022).
10319:from the original on 24 March 2022
9977:from the original on 24 March 2022
9954:
9942:from the original on 24 March 2022
9918:
9893:Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
9449:from the original on 19 April 2012
9228:
8929:from the original on 29 March 2023
8838:. Statistical Office. p. 28.
8744:. U.S. Census Bureau. p. 90.
8234:Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas
8190:Excluding Afro-Bolivians (23,330).
8180:from the original on 30 April 2021
8091:from the original on 29 April 2021
7945:
7402:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
5354:Indigenous communities in Honduras
5028:
4411:and most populous ethnic group in
3308:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
2940:
2165:and other Europeans re-introduced
2149:The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832
1210:('original peoples') is common in
33:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
25:
26216:
23769:Megalithic architectural elements
21561:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
21532:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
20251:
18554:
18219:from the original on 26 June 2020
18107:Suresh, Arvind (6 October 2016).
18000:Griffiths, Anthony J. F. (1999).
17797:from the original on 31 July 2021
17607:National Geographic Genetic Study
17429:from the original on 17 July 2022
15923:"Indigenous peoples in Greenland"
15865:"National Aboriginal Day History"
15849:. 2 November 2020. Archived from
15516:Todd, Thornton & Collins 2001
15401:. 9 February 2022. Archived from
15066:from the original on 14 June 2011
14546:Pogrebin, Robin (21 April 2009).
14368:
14329:from the original on 17 June 2007
14055:. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Press.
14040:. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Press.
13732:(revised ed.). Albuquerque:
13476:Spooner, DM; et al. (2005).
12872:"Brazil urged to protect Indians"
12842:"500 Years of Brazil's Discovery"
12286:. Faculty.smu.edu. Archived from
11889:American Indian Myths and Legends
11842:
11774:
10349:from the original on 25 June 2021
10259:from the original on 25 June 2021
9930:Kesler, Linc (10 February 2020).
9857:Joseph, Bob (21 September 2016).
9736:"Tracing Our Amerindian Heritage"
9419:from the original on 28 June 2011
9364:Wilton, David (2 December 2004).
8962:from the original on 11 June 2020
8532:from the original on 16 June 2024
8435:from the original on 14 June 2024
7679:
6000:Conflict over Mapuche land rights
4619:was one of racial intermingling (
4232:self-reported indigenous identity
3071:, but also writing that uses the
1521:, following herds of now-extinct
975:boy in the desert in present-day
864:alone. Some languages, including
25157:
25148:
25147:
25105:Stereotypes in the United States
24603:
24588:
24573:
24558:
24543:
23456:
22602:
21554:Archaeological sites in Colombia
21527:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
21098:
20399:
20220:Hamilton, Charles, ed. (1972) .
19512:
19452:
19393:
19362:
19284:
19223:
19172:
19138:
19057:
18993:
18963:
18914:
18860:
18792:
18703:
18357:
18259:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00127.x
18077:Jones, Peter N. (October 2002).
18034:
17869:
17809:
17776:
17757:
17728:
17671:
17503:
17476:
17441:
17411:
17353:
17344:
17327:Pan American Health Organization
17307:
17298:
17272:
17247:
17197:
17084:
17055:
16897:
16888:
16816:
16789:
16757:
16727:
16696:
16509:
16464:
16435:
16399:
16369:
16339:
16302:
16272:
16239:
16214:
16199:
16067:
16005:
15915:
15885:
15744:
15649:
15626:
15592:
15558:
15353:
15267:
15230:
15201:
15078:
15045:
15017:
15000:
14973:
14943:
14915:
14878:
14837:
14809:
14604:
14572:
14539:
14522:
14496:
14464:
14438:
14411:
14392:
14377:
14362:
14353:
14318:Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs
14308:
14278:
14248:
14215:
14206:
14059:
14044:
14029:
14010:
13931:from the original on 1 June 2023
13844:
13829:
13780:from the original on 15 May 2008
13717:
13671:
13598:10.2225/vol10-issue3-fulltext-14
13469:
13439:
13407:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.011
13380:
13321:
13261:
13200:
13143:
13089:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2012.00011.x
12963:
12890:
12833:
12790:
12764:
12713:
12701:from the original on 26 May 2008
12686:
12650:
12638:from the original on 8 June 2019
12617:
12599:
12572:
12555:
12546:
12520:
12502:
12478:
12452:
12422:
12391:
12361:
12331:
12302:
12276:
12242:
12204:
12184:
12139:
12108:
12077:
12062:
11944:
11906:
11875:
11836:
11803:
11768:
11728:
11550:
11517:
11484:
11452:
11426:
11320:
9733:
9632:from the original on 8 July 2023
9166:Mangan, Jane E. (30 June 2014).
8581:"Final 2012 Census Compendium 2"
8248:"Población Indígena de Colombia"
7737:Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica
7711:
7697:
7608:Indigenous populations of Alaska
6632:
6253:
6079:culture, a subset of the larger
5711:
5581:
5400:. Their territory extended from
5200:as they had in other lands like
5084:Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica
5060:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4832:man on horseback in present-day
4782:
4269:. There are over 600 recognized
4210:
4175:
4145:
4115:
4085:
4055:
4025:
3995:
3965:
3935:
3905:
3875:
3845:
3815:
3785:
3763:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3755:
3725:
3695:
3665:
3635:
3605:
3575:
3545:
3515:
3485:
3455:
3425:
3156:
2464:Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum
1407:This section is an excerpt from
1377:United States federal government
1301:Native American name controversy
681:
663:
645:
627:
609:
591:
581:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
573:
555:
538:
520:
500:
482:
461:
440:
419:
398:
377:
359:
339:
318:
297:
276:
255:
234:
213:
192:
171:
150:
129:
108:
90:
69:
24388:Evolutionary origin of religion
21537:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
20307:"Indians, North American"
20277:Canadian Museum of Civilization
19977:. Connecticut Greenwood Press.
19670:Cappel, Constance, ed. (2006).
18623:Molecular Biology and Evolution
18141:Carey, Teresa L. (9 May 2019).
17712:(in Spanish). 14 January 2022.
17231:. Discovery.com. Archived from
16953:"Indigenous Peoples in Panama."
16478:. Anchorage, AK. Archived from
15754:Genocide Studies and Prevention
15238:"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico"
14741:from the original on 5 May 2012
14294:. London: Thames & Hudson.
14264:. London: Thames & Hudson.
14017:Orquera, L.; Piana, E. (1999).
13736:(published 2001). p. 123.
13693:(published 2003). p. 190.
13289:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.034
13227:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.026
12693:Lange, Greg (23 January 2003).
12349:from the original on 7 May 2013
12255:. University Press of America.
11369:(1). Informa UK Limited: 1–16.
11111:
11060:
11004:
10834:
10791:
10766:
10361:
10331:
10301:
10271:
10241:
10157:
10128:
10099:
9788:
9758:
9727:
9682:
9569:
9523:
9496:
9461:
9431:
9395:
9357:
9329:
9259:
9186:
9138:
9086:
9056:
9006:
8974:
8942:
8915:
8883:
8857:
8825:
8778:from the original on 3 May 2021
8763:
8731:
8719:from the original on 3 May 2021
8699:
8667:
8654:from the original on 3 May 2021
8634:
8605:
8573:
8544:
8511:
8499:from the original on 3 May 2021
8478:
8465:from the original on 2 May 2021
8447:
8414:
8389:"Resultados Población Indígena"
8381:
8356:
8323:
8291:
8132:"Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico"
7790:Andean culture (disambiguation)
7742:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
7625:Paleosiberian tribes of Siberia
6432:Indigenous peoples in Venezuela
5623:Owners of a roadside cafe near
5599:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
4723:recognizes the language of the
4592:and surrounding areas, and the
4506:in each municipalities in 2020.
4442:, or 51,349 people as of 2012.
4336:National Indigenous Peoples Day
4326:The modern Indigenous right to
2413:National Museum of Anthropology
2220:, starvation, and enslavement.
1853:Areas of Indigenous peoples in
1838:Areas of Indigenous peoples in
20302:Chamberlain, Alexander Francis
19998:. University of Ottawa Press.
19869:. London: Hutchinson/Pimlico.
19865:Josephy, Alvin M. Jr. (1995).
17205:Región Autónoma Chaco Tarijeño
16504:. United States Census Bureau.
15275:"CIA World Factbook: Suriname"
13734:University of New Mexico Press
13647:Francis, John Michael (2005).
13600:(inactive 24 September 2024).
11501:. 29 July 2013. Archived from
11433:Hunt, Katie (5 October 2023).
11404:Bryant, Vaughn M. Jr. (1998).
10309:"Indigenous Terminology Guide"
10249:"Why Capitalize "Indigenous"?"
9965:"Indigenous Terminology Guide"
9828:"Briefing Note on Terminology"
9180:10.1093/obo/9780199730414-0240
8159:
8104:
8070:
7940:Indigenous peoples of Suriname
7923:
7757:Indigenous peoples in Colombia
7732:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
6578:
6380:Indigenous peoples in Suriname
6306:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
6199:Coastal groups, including the
6041:Indigenous peoples in Colombia
5129:
4895:, and are collectively called
4479:of north Greenland, who speak
4419:has one officially recognized
4322:genocide of Indigenous peoples
2775:Several bird species, such as
2344:
2147:program for Native Americans (
2123:in 1636, and the lands of the
946:
900:, with a few still considered
841:
13:
1:
25203:
25115:In the United States Congress
24667:Hispanic and Latino Americans
24001:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
23531:British megalith architecture
22481:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
21542:Archaeological sites in Chile
20258:America's Stone Age Explorers
19624:. New York: Chartwell Books.
19579:Chen, Stephen (10 May 2023).
18941:10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00301-9
18713:Annual Review of Anthropology
18083:. Bauu Institute. p. 4.
17264:. 8 July 2007. Archived from
17112:. MercoPress. 3 August 2009.
16206:2015 Mexican Census (Spanish)
15789:10.1080/14623528.2015.1096582
14580:"The Myths That Made America"
14401:The Nahuas After the Conquest
14288:; Van Stone, Mark L. (2005).
14072:Journal of Cultural Geography
13799:Lentz, David L., ed. (2000).
13685:. In Raudzens, George (ed.).
13547:Miller, N (29 January 2008).
13276:Social Science & Medicine
13214:Social Science & Medicine
12974:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
12211:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007).
11375:10.1080/20555563.2021.1940441
10985:Yasinski, Emma (2 May 2022).
9826:McKay, Celeste (April 2015).
9795:Unique Media Design Limited.
9542:University of Minnesota Press
8987:. Central Statistics Office.
8005:
7727:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador
7669:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
7581:occurring in stages from the
7577:, of human settlement of the
7502:The common occurrence of the
7465:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
7246:pact with the United States.
6410:Indigenous peoples in Uruguay
6118:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador
6090:, which led to the legend of
5947:A Mapuche man in present-day
5748:Indigenous peoples in Bolivia
5180:. The Pipil lived in western
5077:
4655:, and neighboring areas. The
4454:of west Greenland, who speak
4435:(Inuit residing in Denmark).
4433:Greenlandic people in Denmark
4317:settler colonialism in Canada
3365:
3195:
1903:
1713:complex cultures of the Andes
1064:Indigenous peoples of Siberia
704:Indigenous American languages
23996:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
23536:Nordic megalith architecture
22575:Mesoamerican writing systems
22532:
21571:Archaeological sites in Peru
20282:Indigenous Peoples in Brazil
20056:The Encyclopedia of Religion
19844:The Encyclopedia of Religion
19407:Genome Biology and Evolution
18175:Schurr, Theodore G. (2000).
17946:Consortium, T. Y C. (2002).
16632:10.1371/journal.pone.0006882
16320:(in Spanish). Archived from
16228:(in Spanish). Archived from
16104:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572
15776:Journal of Genocide Research
13981:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.030
12151:University of Oklahoma Press
12123:University of Oklahoma Press
10948:10.1371/journal.pone.0264092
10696:The Incredible Human Journey
10279:"Associated Press Stylebook"
9724:. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
9468:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1996).
8236:(in Spanish). November 2018.
7935:Indigenous peoples of Guyana
7822:
7785:Ancient American engineering
7762:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
7752:Indigenous peoples in Canada
6609:Rise of Indigenous movements
6532:of the Lesser Antilles, the
6501:
6444:traveling in their canoe in
6425:
6276:Indigenous peoples in Guyana
5899:Indigenous peoples of Brazil
5867:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
5839:, was elected as president.
5779:, about 2.5 million people;
5592:
5509:Indigenous peoples of Panama
5489:Indigenous peoples of Panama
5387:
5244:Maya women from present-day
5229:
4494:Indigenous peoples of Mexico
4468:(east Greenland), who speak
4354:
4251:Indigenous peoples in Canada
4244:Indigenous peoples in Canada
4222:Indigenous peoples in Canada
3079:, Spanish, and occasionally
2898:
2808:were domesticated from wild
2359:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2281:Indigenous historical trauma
2224:Indigenous historical trauma
2156:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
2117:Fort Orange (New Netherland)
2045:in the following 150 years.
1764:complex societal hierarchies
1090:Indigenous peoples in Canada
7:
26195:Latin American caste system
22471:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
20716:
19942:Krech, Shepard III (1999).
19369:Sapiens (8 February 2022).
18557:"The origin of the Na-Dene"
18555:M, Ruhlen (November 1998).
18504:National Geographic Society
18008:. New York: W. H. Freeman.
17633:University of Florida Press
17456:University Press of Florida
17203:Ministerio de Autonomías, "
16572:"Primer Censo de Población"
15957:Central Intelligence Agency
15315:Central Intelligence Agency
15248:(in Spanish). p. 214.
15225:Central Intelligence Agency
15196:Central Intelligence Agency
15162:Central Intelligence Agency
15096:Central Intelligence Agency
15035:Central Intelligence Agency
15008:Britannica Book of the Year
14991:National Geographic Society
14933:Central Intelligence Agency
14827:Central Intelligence Agency
14799:Central Intelligence Agency
14771:Central Intelligence Agency
13394:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
13022:Journal of Community Health
12874:. BBC News. 30 March 2005.
12284:"Laws of Burgos, 1512–1513"
12084:Stannard, David E. (1993).
10896:Waguespack, Nicole (2012).
9203:Revista Mexicana del Caribe
8642:"Greenland in Figures 2020"
8205:United States Census Bureau
7865:Population and demographics
7767:Indigenous peoples in Chile
7690:
7298:Colombian Civil War of 1854
6847:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty
6373:
6299:
6034:
5939:Indigenous peoples in Chile
5879:in each department in 2022.
5615:in each department in 2022.
5339:
5136:Demographics of El Salvador
5112:(Cordillera de Talamanca),
2333:, anger, and sexual abuse.
2007:managed to hold out in the
1605:Archaeology of the Americas
1590:more than 20,000 years ago.
1532:that stretched between the
1316:, which comprises parts of
10:
26221:
25565:Countries by ethnic groups
25560:Contemporary ethnic groups
24144:British Isles and Brittany
24065:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
22497:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
22400:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
21005:Indigenous North Americans
19639:Cappel, Constance (2007).
19607:
19540:10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027
19092:10.1038/s41586-021-03499-y
19021:10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.027
18768:10.1093/genetics/130.1.153
18343:(Verbal tutorial possible)
17838:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.037
17448:Dean, Bartholomew (2009).
17387:10.1038/s41598-019-45723-w
16347:"Kikapúes — Kikaapoa"
15947:"People and Society: Peru"
15599:Cameron, Rondo E. (1993).
14472:"Buying Alaska Native Art"
12315:Cambridge University Press
12309:Cook, Noble David (1998).
12145:Thornton, Russell (1990).
11140:10.1038/d41586-020-02137-3
10872:"Peopling of the Americas"
10423:. Routledge. p. 124.
10225:Knopf Doubleday Publishing
10049:Knopf Doubleday Publishing
9287:10.3389/fgene.2023.1091269
7796:List of Indigenous peoples
7747:Indigenous peoples of Peru
7683:
7358:
7352:
7292:. José María Melo led the
6699:Governmental organizations
6582:
6571:
6505:
6429:
6407:
6403:
6377:
6337:Indigenous peoples in Peru
6334:
6303:
6289:and the foundation of the
6273:
6115:
6111:
6086:, famous for their use of
6038:
6002:continues to the present.
5936:
5908:Fundação Nacional do Índio
5864:
5745:
5702:
5596:
5585:
5486:
5420:, but large numbers speak
5233:
5133:
5116:(Southern Costa Rica) and
5081:
4920:Pacific Islander Americans
4786:
4491:
4358:
4348:Canadian cultural identity
4241:
4219:
3369:
3316:federally recognized tribe
3160:
2980:Indigenous writing systems
2944:
2902:
2863:
2859:
2819:, several cultures raised
2715:Native American dog breeds
2708:
2633:(species and varieties of
2351:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
2348:
2227:
1959:North American Indian Wars
1819:
1813:
1598:
1406:
1396:
1334:women in festive dress on
1298:
1168:Spanish-speaking countries
1152:in culture and ethnicity (
1083:English-speaking Caribbean
26155:
26031:
25903:
25711:
25545:
25346:
25211:
25128:
25097:
24992:
24966:
24940:
24897:
24836:
24791:
24758:
24703:
24673:
24622:
24535:
24346:
24159:
23986:
23833:
23829:
23812:
23698:
23662:
23511:
23468:
23464:
23451:
23258:
23089:
23062:
22987:
22913:
22904:
22809:
22734:
22730:
22722:
22717:
22660:
22598:
22540:
22531:
22451:
22374:
22349:
22320:
22295:
22270:
22245:
22220:
22189:
22164:
22139:
22108:
22071:
22046:
22009:
21978:
21953:
21924:
21917:
21912:
21907:
21902:
21900:
21895:
21722:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
21507:
21339:
21196:
21160:
21120:
21115:Links to related articles
21096:
21011:
20945:
20872:
20790:
20707:
20698:
20668:
20591:
20561:
20531:
20500:
20493:
20442:
20408:
20397:
20358:
20142:10.1080/01650250244000335
18390:10.1080/10409230490460765
17331:World Health Organization
17304:DANE 2018 national census
17190:"La Bolivia autonómica",
17062:Gotkowitz, Laura (2007).
16796:International, Survival.
15846:The Canadian Encyclopedia
15814:10.1017/s000842391200039x
15656:Macklem, Patrick (2001).
14864:10.1007/s00439-004-1125-7
14533:24 September 2015 at the
14435:(Includes sound sample.)
14405:Stanford University Press
14386:The Inca and Aztec States
14359:Flannery and Marcus, 2003
14084:10.1080/08873638409478571
14051:Di Peso, Charles (1974).
14036:Di Peso, Charles (1974).
13809:Columbia University Press
13691:Brill Academic Publishers
13035:10.1007/s10900-013-9695-8
12678:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
12631:The Canadian Encyclopedia
12434:digicoll.library.wisc.edu
12115:Thornton, Russel (1987).
11558:Fernández-Armesto, Felipe
11280:(2 ed.). Routledge.
11089:10.1038/s41586-020-2491-6
11038:10.1038/s41586-020-2509-0
10368:Burenhult, Göran (2000).
10184:10.1017/S0010417502000026
10075:loprespub (20 May 2020).
9652:"Americanists in dispute"
9476:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
7902:Central and South America
7802:List of Greenlandic Inuit
7657:Ancient East Asian people
7320:Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
7250:Indigenous heads of state
7035:Indigenous decolonization
6855:NGOs and political groups
6490:gives indigenous peoples
6488:constitution of Venezuela
6269:
6172:speakers and include the
6005:Other groups include the
5860:
5482:
5454:Mayangna (or Sumu) people
5236:Demographics of Guatemala
5092:(In the Central Valley),
5033:
4853:St. Lawrence Island Yupik
4487:
4271:First Nations governments
4215:
3350:breaths, for example, in
2391:
2024:Laws of Burgos, 1512–1513
1617:shown across present-day
1200:('aborigine') is used in
995:, who, in his search for
987:Application of the term "
796:comprise the continent's
767:
762:
757:Native American religions
742:
737:
702:
697:
679:
661:
643:
625:
607:
589:
571:
553:
536:
518:
498:
480:
459:
438:
417:
396:
375:
357:
337:
316:
295:
274:
253:
232:
211:
190:
169:
148:
127:
106:
88:
67:
62:
57:
52:
37:
22609:Civilizations portal
21566:Cultural periods of Peru
20176:10.1177/1745691610375558
19834:Hultkrantz, Åke (1987).
19612:
19585:South China Morning Post
18584:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994
18246:Annals of Human Genetics
18113:Genetic Literacy Project
18041:Zhakarov, I. A. (2003).
17906:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127
17884:BMC Evolutionary Biology
15983:"Inuktitut, Greenlandic"
15213:31 December 2018 at the
14707:12 November 2021 at the
14477:Federal Trade Commission
14399:Lockhart, James (1992).
14066:Kent, Robert B. (1984).
13960:Quaternary International
13168:10.1177/1363461513503380
13156:Transcultural Psychiatry
12987:10.15288/jsa.2004.65.409
12942:15 December 2022 at the
12900:Equus cf. E. complicatus
12567:Natural Resources Canada
12398:Kohn, George C. (2008).
12193:Smallpox Through History
12012:: CS1 maint: location (
11333:Latin American Antiquity
10217:(2006). "Loaded Words".
9717:15 December 2022 at the
7982:Native American weaponry
7849:Native American religion
7562:mutations, and founding
6868:Amazon Conservation Team
6591:Viceroyalty of New Spain
6314:are concentrated in the
6219:, the Siona-Secoya, the
6059:A minority today within
6027:), who reside mainly in
5932:
5469:Cacaopera (or Matagalpa)
4845:contiguous United States
4670:and the interior of the
4302:North American fur trade
3274:. Contributions include
2992:San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán
2737:, while others like the
2452:, from a species in the
2113:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1756:Norte Chico civilization
1433:peopling of the Americas
1409:Peopling of the Americas
1402:Peopling of the Americas
927:rather than ancestry or
58:Approximately 56 million
26205:Ethnic groups by region
25677:Torres Strait Islanders
25522:Ethnopsychopharmacology
25266:In-group and out-groups
24376:Evolutionary musicology
23779:Oldest extant buildings
23706:Archaeological features
23225:Prepared-core technique
22503:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
21349:Mesoamerican chronology
20313:Encyclopædia Britannica
20296:Smithsonian Institution
20111:10.2304/ciec.2008.9.1.3
18334:Tymchuk, Wendy (2008).
17737:The Rise of Evo Morales
17549:Oxford University Press
16978:. INDEC. Archived from
16965:(retrieved 23 Feb 2011)
16943:(retrieved 23 Feb 2011)
16042:10.1073/pnas.0903045106
15565:Darnell, Regna (2001).
15012:Encyclopædia Britannica
14369:Boone, Elizabeth Hill.
14291:Reading the Maya Glyphs
14222:Skidmore, Joel (2006).
13903:10.1126/science.aao4776
13650:Iberia and the Americas
13505:10.1073/pnas.0507400102
12092:Oxford University Press
11962:Oxford University Press
11653:10.1126/science.1059519
10693:Roberts, Alice (2010).
10488:10.1126/science.1153569
9503:Herbst, Philip (1997).
9372:Oxford University Press
7913:List of Mayan languages
7886:Origins of Paleoindians
7665:Ancient North Eurasians
7633:Ancient North Eurasians
7294:Republic of New Granada
6567:
6349:woman and child in the
6330:
5996:Occupation of Araucanía
5797:Constitution of Bolivia
5392:About 5 percent of the
5042:make up another 10.6% (
4805:in each county in 2020.
4653:Sierra Madre Occidental
4383:The Greenlandic Inuit (
2917:of much of present-day
1483:North and South America
1469:due to the lowering of
921:cultural identification
25918:Cultural appropriation
24338:Unchambered long cairn
24186:Mound Builders culture
23519:Neolithic architecture
22654:Prehistoric technology
21206:Archaeological periods
20046:Zerries, Otto (1987).
18057:10.5281/zenodo.1062402
17173:Diálogos en Democracia
15493:. 2007. Archived from
15184:7 January 2021 at the
14993:. 2016. Archived from
14261:Breaking the Maya Code
14188:"Time line of fabrics"
14186:Threads In Tyme, LTD.
14117:Phipps, Elena (2010).
13840:The Omnivore's Dilemma
11614:. 1958. Archived from
11169:Spencer Wells (2006).
10991:The Scientist Magazine
10315:. Queen's University.
9936:Indigenous Foundations
9832:University of Manitoba
9694:Survival International
9346:. 2018. Archived from
8112:"2017 Peruvian census"
7972:List of American Inuit
7839:Fully feathered basket
7772:Languages of Guatemala
7651:
7394:
7386:
7370:
7269:
6943:Survival International
6824:International Treaties
6448:
6358:
6232:political organization
6134:
6056:
6023:
5959:
5951:
5904:Indigenous territories
5895:
5880:
5761:
5643:(113,680 people), the
5632:
5616:
5550:Comarca Emberá-Wounaan
5505:
5441:, and by the 1750s, a
5412:, Nicaragua along the
5256:
5248:
5157:
4840:
4821:
4817:artist in present-day
4806:
4779:amongst other rights.
4747:
4570:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
4539:
4523:
4507:
4380:
4346:and help to shape the
4238:
3209:
3201:
3184:
3075:in several languages:
3029:Zapotec writing system
2971:
2925:
2733:used dogs for pulling
2687:, and some species of
2536:
2493:
2419:
2411:now on display at the
2388:
2380:
2293:operational definition
2131:Native Americans. The
2053:, smallpox caused the
2009:Baoruco Mountain Range
1952:of massive numbers of
1929:
1909:
1887:
1862:
1846:
1669:
1653:
1633:
1493:, the distribution of
1428:
1421:early human migrations
1373:Indian rights movement
1346:
1324:
1283:, Indians, as well as
1270:
1258:Indigenous Australians
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1133:
1118:Constitution Act, 1982
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
984:
964:
25943:Ethnic interest group
25783:Ethnicity in censuses
25733:Cultural assimilation
25234:Ethnolinguistic group
24013:List of Stone Age art
23215:Microblade technology
23163:Langdale axe industry
22761:Ard / plough
22509:List of Conquistadors
22396:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
21807:Quebrada de Humahuaca
21226:Caddoan Mississippian
20678:European colonization
20214:William C. Sturtevant
19799:10.1353/tam.2006.0013
19480:10.1101/gr.202945.115
18637:10.1093/molbev/msh009
18485:13 March 2012 at the
17735:Harten, Sven (2011).
17210:28 April 2011 at the
17068:Duke University Press
15720:Reynolds, J. (2024).
15041:on 27 September 2021.
14702:North America: Mexico
13534:26 April 2011 at the
12949:American Psychologist
12811:10.1353/wic.2003.0017
12774:. Thefurtrapper.com.
11913:Taylor, Alan (2002).
11853:University of Toronto
11612:University of Chicago
11524:Killgrove, Kristina.
11245:. SAGE Publications.
10870:Null (27 June 2022).
10670:John Wiley & Sons
10640:10.53846/goediss-9012
9911:Canadian Constitution
9608:Sutton, M.Q. (2021).
9273:Frontiers in Genetics
7649:
7629:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
7400:primarily focuses on
7392:
7376:
7368:
7257:
6674:Traditional knowledge
6659:Intellectual property
6439:
6344:
6125:
6096:. At the time of the
6048:
5957:
5946:
5891:man from present-day
5886:
5874:
5848:Santa Cruz Department
5755:
5622:
5610:
5496:
5410:La Cruz de Rio Grande
5254:
5243:
5147:
5108:(Southern Atlantic),
5104:(Northern Alajuela),
4827:
4812:
4800:
4738:
4649:Sierra Madre Oriental
4536:Tenejapa Municipality
4529:
4513:
4501:
4431:of Greenland and the
4368:
4229:
3703:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3401:Country or Territory
3370:Further information:
3207:
3190:
3174:
3128:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphics
3118:scrolls on which the
2962:
2913:The major indigenous
2912:
2864:Further information:
2577:beans including most
2555:(pumpkins, zucchini,
2534:
2487:
2399:
2386:
2374:
1915:
1893:
1868:
1852:
1844:European colonization
1837:
1810:European colonization
1748:European colonization
1659:
1644:, descendants of the
1639:
1612:
1571:physical anthropology
1519:Quaternary glaciation
1418:
1330:
1308:
970:
954:
800:inhabitants prior to
763:Related ethnic groups
689:Saint Kitts and Nevis
18:North American Indian
26163:Minzu (anthropology)
26132:Separatist movements
25988:Ethnographic village
25818:Legendary progenitor
25453:Transidioethnography
25256:Hyphenated ethnicity
25251:Ethnographic realism
25244:Ethnoreligious group
24716:Creoles of Louisiana
24420:Prehistoric medicine
24415:Prehistoric counting
24398:Prehistoric religion
24393:Paleolithic religion
24371:Behavioral modernity
23728:Causewayed enclosure
23620:Abri de la Madeleine
22744:Neolithic Revolution
22476:Francisco de Montejo
22404:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
21517:Andean civilizations
21444:Shaft tomb tradition
20391:Solutrean hypothesis
19723:Maybury-Lewis, David
19620:Barnes, Ian (2015).
19534:(5): 1185–1197.e22.
19015:(5): 1185–1197.e22.
18429:. pp. 138–140.
18051:. pp. 139–144.
17831:(6): 1232–1245.e20.
17641:10.5744/fa.2019.1005
17558:10.1093/pastj/gtw008
17048:30 July 2013 at the
17028:30 July 2013 at the
17008:30 July 2013 at the
16387:on 26 September 2007
16327:on 25 September 2007
16253:(in Spanish). 2020.
15497:on 28 September 2007
15349:on 13 November 2014.
15321:on 16 December 2021.
13768:Owen, Wayne (2002).
12613:on 17 December 2007.
12516:on 17 November 2017.
12498:on 15 December 2022.
12219:Greenwood Publishing
11817:University of Hawaii
10345:. 14 November 2019.
9869:on 22 September 2016
9616:Taylor & Francis
9579:(24 November 2019).
9374:, USA. p. 163.
9209:(17). Archived from
7705:Civilizations portal
7635:) as well as to the
7612:haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)
7583:Bering Sea coastline
7575:Bering Strait theory
7550:, and secondly with
7434:isolated populations
7343:president of Bolivia
7267:President of Bolivia
6684:Water and sanitation
6574:Latin American Asian
5422:Miskito Coast Creole
5416:. There is a native
5298:Indigenous languages
4971:Haudenosaunee people
4641:Sierra Madre del Sur
4472:("East Greenlandic")
4290:societal hierarchies
4236:2021 Canadian census
3243:are also found many
3063:for descriptions of
2827:for their feathers.
2789:neotropic cormorants
2425:artificial selection
2145:smallpox vaccination
2061:(probably) in 1546,
1725:Muisca Confederation
1681:Indigenous societies
1674:Christopher Columbus
1662:Llullaillaco mummies
1588:Last Glacial Maximum
1479:Laurentide Ice Sheet
1475:Last Glacial Maximum
1459:Beringia land bridge
1425:Out of Africa theory
1387:acknowledged in the
1150:Brazilian peoplehood
993:Christopher Columbus
858:Indigenous languages
26023:Multinational state
26018:Model minority myth
25905:Multiethnic society
25823:Linguistic homeland
25239:Ethnonational group
25120:Women in journalism
24683:Hispanic and Latino
24459:Prehistoric warfare
23205:Magdalenian culture
23168:Levallois technique
23099:Earliest toolmaking
22442:Manco Inca Yupanqui
21747:Manteño-Huancavilca
21216:Ancestral Puebloans
20777:Trinidad and Tobago
19923:König, Eva (2002).
19420:10.1093/gbe/evae063
19320:10.1038/nature25173
19312:2018Natur.553..203M
19251:10.7554/eLife.85492
19084:2021Natur.594..356W
18828:10.1038/nature12736
18820:2014Natur.505...87R
18575:1998PNAS...9513994R
18194:2000AmSci..88..246S
17897:2013BMCEE..13..127F
17692:on 27 October 2008.
17590:National Geographic
17483:Marcheco, Beatriz.
17423:Science | AAAS
17379:2019NatSR...9.9247Z
17340:on 7 December 2023.
17268:on 18 October 2018.
17261:The Washington Post
16912:on 14 November 2012
16623:2009PLoSO...4.6882S
16482:on 14 December 2013
16095:2014PLOSG..10.4572R
16033:2009PNAS..106.8611S
15963:on 19 November 2021
15935:on 15 October 2017.
15796:MacDonald, David B.
15373:on 15 November 2018
15168:on 10 January 2021.
14986:Genographic Project
14955:www.pagina12.com.ar
14844:Bonilla, Carolina;
14510:on 17 February 2015
14484:on 15 December 2022
13998:on 20 December 2016
13973:2013QuInt.317...14P
13894:2018Sci...361...81N
13496:2005PNAS..10214694S
13453:. Allbusiness.com.
12846:Library of Congress
12739:10.1155/2000/782978
12697:. Historylink.org.
12587:on 7 September 2008
12406:Infobase Publishing
12345:. 5 November 2009.
12200:on 29 October 2009.
11824:on 25 December 2018
11785:University of Idaho
11706:10.1038/nature03146
11698:2004Natur.432.1020H
11692:(7020): 1020–1023.
11645:2001Sci...292..723S
11618:on 23 January 2004.
11566:Macmillan Education
11497:National Geographic
11468:. 29 October 2013.
11346:10.1017/laq.2021.26
11132:2020Natur.584...47G
11081:2020Natur.584...93B
11030:2020Natur.584...87A
10902:Timothy R. Pauketat
10778:Scientific American
10594:10.1038/nature25173
10586:2018Natur.553..203M
10470:2008Sci...319.1497G
10464:(5869): 1497–1502.
10372:. Weltbild Verlag.
10370:Die ersten Menschen
10283:www.apstylebook.com
9807:on 23 February 2016
9746:on 16 February 2016
9663:. 22 October 1902.
9445:. VisualThesaurus.
9441:(12 October 2009).
9405:(25 October 2001).
9344:Stanford University
9124:. New York: Knopf.
8813:on 20 December 2019
8770:Aupetit, Mathilde.
8402:on 23 November 2018
7992:Republic of Lakotah
7591:founding population
7489:genetic composition
7324:Indigenous Peruvian
7231:voted to adopt the
7060:Uncontacted peoples
7050:Settler colonialism
6603:National Geographic
6518:Lucayan Archipelago
5922:The Washington Post
5855:Gran Chaco Province
5821:CIDOB confederation
5637:pueblos originarios
5544:populations. Three
4944:Indian reservations
4914:(Micronesian), and
4729:secondary education
4719:the territory. The
4267:Canadian population
3793:Trinidad and Tobago
3397:
3262:musical instruments
3153:language families.
2999:Maya writing system
2760:that was raised by
2719:Canadian Eskimo dog
2319:polysubstance abuse
2216:, wars, massacres,
2175:Indigenous cultures
1869:An illustration in
1752:early modern period
1736:period subdivisions
1499:genetic composition
1207:pueblos originarios
902:uncontacted peoples
890:social organization
802:European settlement
653:Antigua and Barbuda
617:Trinidad and Tobago
34:
26003:Middleman minority
25963:Ethnic pornography
25958:Ethnic nationalism
25863:Pantribal sodality
25808:Imagined community
25333:Symbolic ethnicity
25261:Indigenous peoples
25229:Ethnographic group
24521:Indigenous peoples
24410:Origin of language
24403:Spiritual drug use
24313:Rectangular dolmen
24215:Dartmoor kistvaens
24028:Carved stone balls
23740:Circular enclosure
23699:Other architecture
23642:Alp pile dwellings
23230:Solutrean industry
23141:Gravettian culture
22791:Secondary products
22565:Columbian exchange
22555:Portal:Mesoamerica
21707:La Tolita (Tumaco)
21522:Indigenous peoples
21261:Hopewell tradition
21188:Indigenous peoples
20937:In popular culture
20688:Columbian exchange
20683:Population history
20409:Mythology/Religion
18981:on 6 February 2021
18888:10.1002/ajpa.21614
18498:Than, Ker (2008).
18469:on 10 October 2012
18457:Viegas, Jennifer.
18202:10.1511/2000.3.246
18185:American Scientist
18063:on 11 April 2015.
17544:Past & Present
17367:Scientific Reports
17235:on 2 February 2012
16958:2011-03-02 at the
16936:2010-11-25 at the
16861:Anthropology Today
16804:on 7 November 2017
16455:on 2 January 2013.
16208:, Archived at the
15993:on 11 January 2012
15952:The World Factbook
15834:10.1017/rep.2015.4
15767:10.3138/gsp.4.1.81
15310:The World Factbook
15220:The World Factbook
15191:The World Factbook
15157:The World Factbook
15102:on 9 January 2021.
15091:The World Factbook
15030:The World Factbook
15010:(various issues).
14939:on 12 August 2022.
14928:The World Factbook
14901:10.1002/ajpa.20108
14833:on 5 January 2021.
14822:The World Factbook
14794:The World Factbook
14777:on 9 January 2021.
14766:The World Factbook
14714:The World Factbook
14553:The New York Times
14194:on 28 October 2005
13348:10.1037/cdp0000049
13129:10.1037/cdp0000055
12958:10.1037/amp0000338
12908:on 29 August 2008.
11952:Stannard, David E.
10800:American Antiquity
10633:(doctoralThesis).
10542:The New York Times
10535:(3 January 2018).
10343:guides.uoguelph.ca
10087:on 20 January 2021
9970:Queen's University
9899:on 27 October 2009
9700:on 9 December 2012
9660:The New York Times
9326:Bartolomé (1996:2)
8622:on 19 January 2022
7652:
7641:East Asian peoples
7637:Ancient Beringians
7506:mtDNA haplogroups
7495:data, and limited
7395:
7387:
7371:
7270:
7265:member and former
7206:self-determination
7008:Discovery doctrine
6993:Civilizing mission
6811:BBNJ ABS Committee
6449:
6359:
6287:Guyanese pepperpot
6135:
6057:
5960:
5952:
5912:uncontacted tribes
5896:
5881:
5825:ILO Convention 169
5762:
5633:
5617:
5513:Native Panamanians
5506:
5257:
5249:
5158:
4841:
4822:
4807:
4748:
4631:Mestizos in Mexico
4540:
4524:
4508:
4415:. This means that
4381:
4239:
3553:Dominican Republic
3387:
3210:
3202:
3185:
3005:(a combination of
2978:developed several
2972:
2951:Cherokee syllabary
2926:
2537:
2526:prescribed burning
2494:
2455:Solanum brevicaule
2420:
2389:
2381:
2302:residential school
2078:Pánfilo de Narváez
2035:population decline
2013:Indian auxiliaries
1930:
1910:
1888:
1863:
1847:
1826:Columbian exchange
1709:Maya civilizations
1670:
1654:
1634:
1530:ice-free corridors
1515:Ancient Beringians
1491:linguistic factors
1429:
1347:
1325:
1106:Aboriginal peoples
991:" originated with
985:
965:
937:self-determination
794:Indigenous peoples
32:
26177:
26176:
26171:
26170:
26085:Ethnic stereotype
25998:Indigenous rights
25983:Ethnographic film
25968:Ethnic theme park
25928:Dominant minority
25923:Diaspora politics
25913:Consociationalism
25848:National language
25738:Cultural identity
25728:Cross-race effect
25672:Aboriginal groups
25171:
25170:
24832:
24831:
24633:
24632:
24617:
24616:
24487:
24486:
24483:
24482:
24479:
24478:
24432:Prehistoric music
24381:music archaeology
24038:Cup and ring mark
23863:Clothing/textiles
23808:
23807:
23804:
23803:
23447:
23446:
23443:
23442:
23250:Yubetsu technique
23235:Striking platform
23200:Lithic technology
23085:
23084:
23070:Game drive system
22989:Projectile points
22881:Mortar and pestle
22620:
22619:
22616:
22615:
22590:Pre-Columbian art
22526:
22525:
22520:Francisco Pizarro
22486:Pedro de Alvarado
21802:Pucará de Tilcara
21107:
21106:
21051:Eastern Woodlands
20967:
20966:
20868:
20867:
20664:
20663:
20587:
20586:
20557:
20556:
20371:Pre-Columbian era
20030:978-0-8061-3512-0
20013:Varese, Stefano;
20005:978-0-7766-0541-8
19984:978-0-313-27497-8
19955:978-0-393-04755-4
19934:978-3-89904-021-0
19887:Cultural Critique
19765:978-0-472-09736-4
19736:978-0-674-00964-6
19705:978-0-87286-323-1
19681:978-1-59926-920-7
19654:978-0-7734-5220-6
19631:978-0-7858-3145-7
19306:(7687): 203–207.
19078:(7863): 356–364.
18510:on 26 August 2014
18463:Discovery Channel
18436:978-0-8129-7146-0
18310:978-0-8129-7146-0
18090:978-0-9721349-1-0
18015:978-0-7167-3771-1
17966:10.1101/gr.217602
17750:978-1-84813-523-9
17465:978-0-8130-3378-5
17286:on 18 August 2013
17144:. 3 August 2009.
17077:978-0-8223-4049-2
16461:. Second article.
16423:on 2 January 2008
16027:(21): 8611–8616.
15853:on 2 August 2024.
15737:978-0-7748-8096-1
15730:. pp. 3–10.
15669:978-0-8020-4195-1
15612:978-0-19-507445-1
15578:978-0-8032-1710-2
15398:Statistics Canada
15059:(in Portuguese).
14805:on 19 March 2021.
14323:Leiden University
14301:978-0-500-28553-4
14271:978-0-500-05061-3
14130:978-1-58839-361-6
13822:978-0-231-11157-7
13664:978-1-85109-421-9
13283:(11): 2185–2194.
13221:(10): 1560–1569.
12624:Spaulding, W. B.
12579:Koplow, David A.
12510:"Allempires.info"
12486:"American plague"
12415:978-0-8160-6935-4
12324:978-0-521-62208-0
12262:978-0-8191-9642-2
12228:978-0-313-33272-2
12159:978-0-8061-2220-5
12132:978-0-8061-2074-4
12101:978-0-19-508557-0
11999:978-1-44118-375-0
11971:978-0-19-508557-0
11810:Bucholz, Robert.
11753:978-0-618-49240-4
11639:(5517): 723–726.
11575:978-0-333-40382-2
11419:978-0-8153-0725-9
11287:978-1-315-50987-7
11252:978-1-4522-6630-5
11217:978-0-470-67391-1
11182:978-0-7922-6215-2
10915:978-0-19-538011-8
10848:. 26 January 2009
10728:on 5 January 2009
10706:978-1-4088-1091-0
10679:978-1-119-96424-7
10580:(7687): 203–207.
10513:on 2 January 2014
10430:978-1-317-34244-1
10379:978-3-8289-0741-6
10289:on 16 August 2021
10234:978-1-4000-3205-1
10121:978-3-11-060969-1
10058:978-1-4000-3205-1
9625:978-1-000-34916-0
9585:(YouTube video).
9555:978-0-8166-2073-9
9516:978-1-877864-97-1
9489:978-0-395-66921-1
9412:The Straight Dope
9381:978-0-19-517284-3
9131:978-1-4000-4006-3
8561:on 17 August 2021
8368:sidra.ibge.gov.br
7426:genetic admixture
7282:Chaparral, Tolima
7201:
7200:
7055:Truth commissions
6983:Aboriginal titles
6898:Cultural Survival
6816:Indigenous Caucus
6626:Indigenous rights
6524:and the northern
6496:primary education
6361:According to the
6281:invention of the
6073:collective rights
6017:regions, and the
5968:Polynesian people
5877:Native Brazilians
5744:
5743:
5679:(10,863) and the
5613:Native Argentines
5566:Guna de Madugandí
5537:comarca indígenas
5207:Pedro de Alvarado
4904:Polynesian people
4773:municipal council
4672:Yucatán Peninsula
4662:In the states of
4645:Yucatán Peninsula
4470:Tunumiit oraasiat
4429:Greenlandic Inuit
4361:Greenlandic Inuit
4340:history of Canada
4298:French colonizers
4203:
4202:
3396:
3137:, is a family of
3077:Classical Nahuatl
2994:began to weaken.
2915:language families
2832:Maya civilization
2514:Mississippi River
2355:Incan agriculture
2338:Indigenous people
2311:suicidal ideation
2183:Northwest Plateau
2017:Emperor Charles V
1950:human trafficking
1918:uncontacted tribe
1744:Upper Paleolithic
1650:pre-Columbian era
1601:Pre-Columbian era
1595:Pre-Columbian era
1314:Guajira Peninsula
1223:povos originários
1179:pueblos indígenas
1144:European-derived
786:
785:
16:(Redirected from
26212:
26055:Ethnic cleansing
26050:Ethnic bioweapon
25933:Ethnic democracy
25547:Groups by region
25497:Ethnomethodology
25480:Ethnomathematics
25470:Ethnolinguistics
25366:Ethnoarchaeology
25198:
25191:
25184:
25175:
25174:
25161:
25160:
25151:
25150:
25140:
25137:
25089:Washington, D.C.
24967:Religious groups
24792:Central American
24756:
24755:
24660:
24653:
24646:
24637:
24636:
24607:
24592:
24577:
24562:
24547:
24538:
24537:
24514:
24507:
24500:
24491:
24490:
24447:Divje Babe flute
24354:Archaeoastronomy
24097:Petrosomatoglyph
23831:
23830:
23814:
23813:
23663:Water management
23466:
23465:
23453:
23452:
23356:Denticulate tool
23178:Lithic reduction
22911:
22910:
22732:
22731:
22719:
22718:
22647:
22640:
22633:
22624:
22623:
22607:
22606:
22605:
22529:
22528:
22515:Spanish Conquest
22492:Spanish Conquest
22467:Spanish Conquest
22456:Spanish Conquest
21898:
21897:
21147:
21140:
21133:
21124:
21123:
21111:
21110:
21102:
21101:
20994:
20987:
20980:
20971:
20970:
20705:
20704:
20622:
20621:
20498:
20497:
20440:
20439:
20403:
20345:
20338:
20331:
20322:
20321:
20317:
20316:(11th ed.).
20309:
20288:Official website
20247:
20227:
20195:
20153:
20122:
20091:
20079:Journal articles
20073:
20070:Encyclopedia.com
20042:
20009:
19988:
19967:
19938:
19919:
19880:
19861:
19858:Encyclopedia.com
19830:
19828:
19826:
19777:
19748:
19717:
19685:
19666:
19635:
19601:
19600:
19598:
19596:
19587:. Archived from
19576:
19570:
19569:
19559:
19516:
19510:
19509:
19499:
19456:
19450:
19449:
19439:
19397:
19391:
19390:
19388:
19386:
19366:
19360:
19359:
19357:
19355:
19288:
19282:
19281:
19271:
19253:
19227:
19221:
19220:
19218:
19216:
19176:
19170:
19169:
19164:
19162:
19142:
19136:
19135:
19129:
19127:
19061:
19055:
19054:
19040:
18997:
18991:
18990:
18988:
18986:
18977:. Archived from
18967:
18961:
18960:
18935:(9): 1001–1008.
18928:Human Immunology
18918:
18912:
18911:
18909:
18907:
18864:
18858:
18857:
18847:
18796:
18790:
18789:
18779:
18744:
18738:
18737:
18707:
18701:
18700:
18690:
18656:
18650:
18649:
18639:
18613:
18607:
18606:
18596:
18586:
18569:(23): 13994–96.
18552:
18546:
18545:
18543:
18541:
18526:
18520:
18519:
18517:
18515:
18506:. Archived from
18495:
18489:
18478:
18476:
18474:
18465:. Archived from
18454:
18448:
18447:
18445:
18443:
18416:
18410:
18409:
18383:
18361:
18355:
18354:
18352:
18350:
18344:
18331:
18322:
18321:
18319:
18317:
18298:
18287:
18281:
18280:
18270:
18235:
18229:
18228:
18226:
18224:
18218:
18181:
18172:
18163:
18162:
18160:
18158:
18138:
18129:
18128:
18126:
18124:
18104:
18095:
18094:
18074:
18068:
18067:
18059:. Archived from
18038:
18032:
18031:
18029:
18027:
17997:
17988:
17987:
17977:
17943:
17937:
17936:
17926:
17908:
17873:
17867:
17866:
17840:
17813:
17807:
17806:
17804:
17802:
17780:
17774:
17773:
17761:
17755:
17754:
17732:
17726:
17725:
17723:
17721:
17700:
17694:
17693:
17688:. Archived from
17675:
17669:
17668:
17662:
17660:
17614:
17608:
17606:
17604:
17602:
17593:. Archived from
17581:
17575:
17574:
17572:
17570:
17561:. Archived from
17560:
17534:
17528:
17527:
17525:
17523:
17507:
17501:
17500:
17498:
17496:
17480:
17474:
17473:
17472:on 17 July 2011.
17468:. Archived from
17445:
17439:
17438:
17436:
17434:
17415:
17409:
17408:
17398:
17357:
17351:
17348:
17342:
17341:
17339:
17333:. Archived from
17323:Bogotá, Colombia
17320:
17311:
17305:
17302:
17296:
17295:
17293:
17291:
17276:
17270:
17269:
17251:
17245:
17244:
17242:
17240:
17224:
17215:
17201:
17195:
17188:
17182:
17176:
17167:
17158:
17157:
17155:
17153:
17132:
17126:
17125:
17123:
17121:
17106:
17097:
17096:
17088:
17082:
17081:
17059:
17053:
17039:
17033:
17019:
17013:
16998:
16992:
16991:
16989:
16987:
16972:
16966:
16950:
16944:
16928:
16922:
16921:
16919:
16917:
16901:
16895:
16892:
16886:
16885:
16855:
16844:
16843:
16841:
16839:
16820:
16814:
16813:
16811:
16809:
16800:. Archived from
16793:
16787:
16786:
16784:
16782:
16761:
16755:
16754:
16752:
16750:
16731:
16725:
16724:
16722:
16720:
16700:
16694:
16693:
16691:
16689:
16668:
16655:
16654:
16644:
16634:
16600:
16594:
16593:
16591:
16589:
16584:on 19 March 2022
16583:
16576:
16568:
16562:
16561:
16559:
16557:
16542:
16536:
16535:
16533:
16531:
16517:US Census Bureau
16513:
16507:
16505:
16498:
16492:
16491:
16489:
16487:
16468:
16462:
16460:
16456:
16454:
16448:. Archived from
16447:
16439:
16433:
16432:
16430:
16428:
16422:
16416:. Archived from
16411:
16403:
16397:
16396:
16394:
16392:
16383:. Archived from
16373:
16367:
16366:
16364:
16362:
16343:
16337:
16336:
16334:
16332:
16326:
16315:
16306:
16300:
16299:
16297:
16295:
16276:
16270:
16269:
16267:
16265:
16259:
16252:
16243:
16237:
16236:
16235:on 11 June 2008.
16234:
16227:
16218:
16212:
16203:
16197:
16196:
16191:
16189:
16183:
16176:
16167:
16161:
16159:
16157:
16155:
16149:
16142:
16133:
16127:
16126:
16116:
16106:
16071:
16065:
16064:
16054:
16044:
16009:
16003:
16002:
16000:
15998:
15989:. Archived from
15979:
15973:
15972:
15970:
15968:
15959:. Archived from
15943:
15937:
15936:
15931:. Archived from
15919:
15913:
15912:
15910:
15908:
15889:
15883:
15882:
15880:
15878:
15869:
15861:
15855:
15854:
15837:
15817:
15792:
15770:
15748:
15742:
15741:
15717:
15711:
15710:
15708:
15706:
15687:
15681:
15680:
15678:
15676:
15653:
15647:
15646:
15644:
15642:
15630:
15624:
15623:
15621:
15619:
15596:
15590:
15589:
15587:
15585:
15562:
15556:
15555:
15553:
15551:
15536:
15530:
15525:
15519:
15513:
15507:
15506:
15504:
15502:
15483:
15477:
15476:
15474:
15472:
15453:
15447:
15446:
15444:
15442:
15436:
15429:
15421:
15415:
15414:
15412:
15410:
15389:
15383:
15382:
15380:
15378:
15372:
15365:
15357:
15351:
15350:
15348:
15341:
15332:
15323:
15322:
15317:. Archived from
15301:
15295:
15294:
15292:
15290:
15271:
15265:
15264:
15262:
15260:
15254:
15243:
15234:
15228:
15205:
15199:
15176:
15170:
15169:
15164:. Archived from
15148:
15142:
15141:
15135:
15127:
15126:on 11 June 2024.
15122:. Archived from
15115:
15104:
15103:
15098:. Archived from
15082:
15076:
15075:
15073:
15071:
15065:
15058:
15049:
15043:
15042:
15037:. Archived from
15021:
15015:
15004:
14998:
14997:on 7 April 2016.
14977:
14971:
14970:
14968:
14966:
14947:
14941:
14940:
14935:. Archived from
14919:
14913:
14912:
14882:
14876:
14875:
14846:Shriver, Mark D.
14841:
14835:
14834:
14829:. Archived from
14813:
14807:
14806:
14801:. Archived from
14785:
14779:
14778:
14773:. Archived from
14757:
14751:
14750:
14748:
14746:
14740:
14733:
14724:
14718:
14698:
14692:
14691:
14689:
14687:
14672:
14666:
14665:
14663:
14661:
14640:
14634:
14633:
14631:
14629:
14623:
14616:
14608:
14602:
14601:
14599:
14597:
14591:
14584:
14576:
14570:
14569:
14567:
14565:
14543:
14537:
14526:
14520:
14519:
14517:
14515:
14506:. Archived from
14500:
14494:
14493:
14491:
14489:
14480:. Archived from
14468:
14462:
14461:
14459:
14457:
14442:
14436:
14434:
14432:
14430:
14425:on 20 April 2015
14415:
14409:
14408:
14396:
14390:
14389:
14381:
14375:
14374:
14366:
14360:
14357:
14351:
14348:
14339:
14338:
14336:
14334:
14312:
14306:
14305:
14282:
14276:
14275:
14252:
14246:
14245:
14243:
14241:
14235:
14228:
14219:
14213:
14210:
14204:
14203:
14201:
14199:
14190:. Archived from
14183:
14177:
14176:
14174:
14172:
14154:
14148:
14146:
14144:
14142:
14114:
14108:
14107:
14105:
14103:
14063:
14057:
14056:
14048:
14042:
14041:
14033:
14027:
14026:
14014:
14008:
14007:
14005:
14003:
13997:
13991:. Archived from
13956:
13947:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13936:
13930:
13915:
13905:
13877:
13867:
13861:
13860:
13848:
13842:
13833:
13827:
13826:
13806:
13796:
13790:
13789:
13787:
13785:
13765:
13759:
13758:
13752:
13750:
13721:
13715:
13714:
13709:
13707:
13675:
13669:
13668:
13644:
13638:
13637:
13631:
13623:
13621:
13619:
13609:
13575:
13569:
13568:
13566:
13564:
13544:
13538:
13527:
13517:
13507:
13490:(41): 14694–99.
13473:
13467:
13466:
13464:
13462:
13451:October 1, 1999"
13443:
13437:
13436:
13426:
13384:
13378:
13377:
13367:
13325:
13319:
13318:
13308:
13265:
13259:
13258:
13256:
13254:
13204:
13198:
13197:
13187:
13147:
13141:
13140:
13110:
13101:
13100:
13072:
13063:
13062:
13016:
13007:
13006:
12967:
12961:
12933:
12910:
12909:
12898:"Ancient Horse (
12894:
12888:
12887:
12885:
12883:
12868:
12862:
12861:
12859:
12857:
12840:Fineberg, Gail.
12837:
12831:
12830:
12799:Wíčazo Ša Review
12794:
12788:
12787:
12785:
12783:
12768:
12762:
12761:
12751:
12741:
12717:
12711:
12710:
12708:
12706:
12690:
12684:
12683:
12677:
12669:
12667:
12665:
12654:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12643:
12621:
12615:
12614:
12609:. Archived from
12603:
12597:
12596:
12594:
12592:
12576:
12570:
12559:
12553:
12550:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12524:
12518:
12517:
12506:
12500:
12499:
12494:. Archived from
12482:
12476:
12475:
12473:
12471:
12456:
12450:
12449:
12447:
12445:
12426:
12420:
12419:
12395:
12389:
12388:
12386:
12384:
12365:
12359:
12358:
12356:
12354:
12335:
12329:
12328:
12306:
12300:
12299:
12297:
12295:
12280:
12274:
12273:
12271:
12269:
12246:
12240:
12239:
12237:
12235:
12208:
12202:
12201:
12196:. Archived from
12188:
12182:
12170:
12161:
12143:
12137:
12136:
12112:
12106:
12105:
12081:
12075:
12074:
12066:
12060:
12059:
12031:
12018:
12017:
12011:
12003:
11985:
11976:
11975:
11948:
11942:
11941:
11939:
11937:
11910:
11904:
11903:
11879:
11873:
11872:
11870:
11868:
11862:
11849:
11840:
11834:
11833:
11831:
11829:
11820:. Archived from
11812:"Europe in 1500"
11807:
11801:
11800:
11798:
11796:
11772:
11766:
11765:
11744:Houghton Mifflin
11732:
11726:
11725:
11679:
11673:
11672:
11626:
11620:
11619:
11594:
11588:
11587:
11554:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11543:
11521:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11510:
11488:
11482:
11481:
11479:
11477:
11456:
11450:
11449:
11447:
11445:
11430:
11424:
11423:
11401:
11395:
11394:
11357:
11351:
11350:
11348:
11324:
11318:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11298:
11292:
11291:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11236:
11230:
11229:
11201:
11195:
11194:
11166:
11160:
11159:
11115:
11109:
11108:
11064:
11058:
11057:
11008:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10997:
10982:
10971:
10970:
10960:
10950:
10926:
10920:
10919:
10893:
10887:
10886:
10884:
10882:
10867:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10853:
10838:
10832:
10831:
10795:
10789:
10788:
10786:
10784:
10770:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10759:
10744:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10733:
10717:
10711:
10710:
10690:
10684:
10683:
10659:
10653:
10652:
10642:
10620:
10614:
10613:
10569:
10560:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10549:
10529:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10518:
10512:
10506:. Archived from
10481:
10453:
10444:
10435:
10434:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10396:(8 March 2017).
10394:Pringle, Heather
10390:
10384:
10383:
10365:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10354:
10335:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10324:
10305:
10299:
10298:
10296:
10294:
10285:. Archived from
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10264:
10245:
10239:
10238:
10215:Mann, Charles C.
10210:
10204:
10203:
10161:
10155:
10154:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10103:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10092:
10083:. Archived from
10072:
10063:
10062:
10039:Mann, Charles C.
10035:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10018:
10012:
10006:. Archived from
10001:
9993:
9987:
9986:
9984:
9982:
9961:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9947:
9927:
9916:
9915:
9906:
9904:
9895:. Archived from
9885:
9879:
9878:
9876:
9874:
9865:. Archived from
9854:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9803:. Archived from
9792:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9770:www.barbados.org
9762:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9751:
9742:. Archived from
9740:www2.sta.uwi.edu
9731:
9725:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9696:. Archived from
9686:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9675:
9669:
9656:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9637:
9605:
9599:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9573:
9567:
9566:
9564:
9562:
9527:
9521:
9520:
9500:
9494:
9493:
9465:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9454:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9399:
9393:
9392:
9390:
9388:
9361:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9341:
9333:
9327:
9324:
9318:
9317:
9307:
9289:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9232:
9226:
9225:
9223:
9221:
9215:
9200:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9172:Atlantic History
9163:
9157:
9156:
9151:(3rd ed.).
9142:
9136:
9135:
9116:Mann, Charles C.
9112:
9106:
9105:
9090:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9070:. Archived from
9060:
9054:
9048:
9042:
9036:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9025:
9010:
9004:
9003:
9001:
8999:
8993:
8986:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8969:
8967:
8961:
8954:
8946:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8902:
8895:
8887:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8876:
8861:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8850:
8844:
8837:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8818:
8812:
8805:
8797:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8750:
8743:
8735:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8718:
8711:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8692:
8686:
8679:
8671:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8659:
8653:
8646:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8621:
8609:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8598:
8592:
8585:
8577:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8560:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8537:
8531:
8524:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8498:
8491:
8482:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8434:
8427:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8401:
8394:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8360:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8349:
8343:
8336:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8311:on 12 March 2024
8310:
8303:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8260:
8253:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8231:
8223:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8212:
8207:. 12 August 2021
8197:
8191:
8189:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8172:
8163:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8150:
8144:
8137:
8128:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8098:
8096:
8090:
8083:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8053:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8024:
8016:
7891:Pacific Islander
7721:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7707:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7491:as reflected by
7349:Genetic research
7193:
7186:
7179:
7167:
7121:Papua New Guinea
6649:Ancestral domain
6636:
6613:
6612:
6522:Greater Antilles
6324:Guaraní language
6142:Valdivia culture
6128:Amazonian forest
6098:Spanish conquest
6026:
6011:Arica-Parinacota
5988:Los Lagos Region
5833:education reform
5739:
5736:
5730:
5723:factual accuracy
5715:
5714:
5707:
5578:(municipality).
5570:Guna de Wargandí
5435:Miskito Governor
5418:Miskito language
5168:was home to the
4906:, which include
4803:Native Americans
4608:first landed at
4530:A carnival with
4444:Ethnographically
4421:Indigenous group
4294:trading networks
4181:
4179:
4178:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3410:Part Indigenous
3398:
3392:
3386:
3257:wind instruments
3213:Indigenous music
3200:
3199: 1350–1450
3197:
3167:Indigenous music
3069:Aztec pictograms
2739:Tahltan bear dog
2565:butternut squash
2315:suicide attempts
2274:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
1974:Greater Antilles
1908:
1905:
1872:Florentine Codex
1501:as reflected by
1440:hunter-gatherers
1295:Name controversy
1281:Native Americans
1275:
1272:indios filipinos
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1162:
1141:Hispanic America
1138:
933:Hispanic culture
807:hunter-gatherers
687:
685:
684:
669:
667:
666:
651:
649:
648:
633:
631:
630:
615:
613:
612:
597:
595:
594:
579:
577:
576:
561:
559:
558:
543:
542:
541:
526:
524:
523:
506:
504:
503:
488:
486:
485:
467:
465:
464:
446:
444:
443:
425:
423:
422:
404:
402:
401:
383:
381:
380:
365:
363:
362:
345:
343:
342:
324:
322:
321:
303:
301:
300:
282:
280:
279:
261:
259:
258:
240:
238:
237:
219:
217:
216:
198:
196:
195:
177:
175:
174:
156:
154:
153:
135:
133:
132:
114:
112:
111:
102:6,471,670 (2018)
96:
94:
93:
75:
73:
72:
53:Total population
42:
35:
31:
21:
26220:
26219:
26215:
26214:
26213:
26211:
26210:
26209:
26200:Person of color
26180:
26179:
26178:
26173:
26172:
26167:
26151:
26090:Ethnic violence
26038:
26036:ethnic conflict
26034:
26027:
26008:Minority rights
25948:Ethnic majority
25899:
25883:Detribalization
25838:Nation-building
25778:Ethnic religion
25721:
25717:
25707:
25614:Central America
25541:
25512:Ethnophilosophy
25507:Ethnomusicology
25485:Ethnostatistics
25443:Person-centered
25413:Autoethnography
25342:
25207:
25202:
25172:
25167:
25144:
25143:
25138:
25134:
25124:
25093:
24988:
24962:
24936:
24893:
24828:
24787:
24754:
24699:
24669:
24664:
24634:
24629:
24618:
24613:
24608:
24598:
24593:
24583:
24578:
24568:
24563:
24553:
24548:
24531:
24518:
24488:
24475:
24342:
24328:Stone box grave
24298:Megalithic tomb
24203:Cotswold-Severn
24155:
24060:Guardian stones
23988:Prehistoric art
23982:
23825:
23800:
23789:Timber trackway
23694:
23658:
23654:Wattle and daub
23507:
23486:Standing stones
23460:
23439:
23254:
23081:
23058:
22983:
22900:
22810:Food processing
22805:
22754:New World crops
22726:
22713:
22656:
22651:
22621:
22612:
22603:
22601:
22594:
22536:
22527:
22517:
22506:
22500:
22494:
22483:
22479:
22473:
22469:
22458:
22444:
22440:
22436:
22432:
22423:
22419:
22415:
22413:Quemuenchatocha
22411:
22402:
22398:
22389:
22385:
22381:
22342:
22211:
22120:
22094:
22083:
22030:Human Sacrifice
22027:
22019:Human Sacrifice
22016:
21990:
21963:Mayan Languages
21891:
21503:
21335:
21192:
21173:Genetic history
21156:
21151:
21116:
21108:
21103:
21099:
21094:
21026:Northwest Coast
21007:
20998:
20968:
20963:
20941:
20864:
20786:
20700:
20694:
20670:
20660:
20620:
20583:
20553:
20527:
20489:
20438:
20434:Human sacrifice
20422:List of deities
20404:
20395:
20354:
20349:
20254:
20236:
20206:
20204:Further reading
20201:
20081:
20076:
20066:
20031:
20006:
19985:
19956:
19935:
19900:10.2307/1354592
19877:
19854:
19824:
19822:
19766:
19737:
19706:
19690:Churchill, Ward
19682:
19655:
19632:
19615:
19610:
19605:
19604:
19594:
19592:
19577:
19573:
19517:
19513:
19467:Genome Research
19457:
19453:
19398:
19394:
19384:
19382:
19367:
19363:
19353:
19351:
19289:
19285:
19228:
19224:
19214:
19212:
19177:
19173:
19160:
19158:
19143:
19139:
19125:
19123:
19062:
19058:
18998:
18994:
18984:
18982:
18969:
18968:
18964:
18919:
18915:
18905:
18903:
18865:
18861:
18814:(7481): 87–91.
18797:
18793:
18745:
18741:
18708:
18704:
18657:
18653:
18614:
18610:
18553:
18549:
18539:
18537:
18528:
18527:
18523:
18513:
18511:
18496:
18492:
18487:Wayback Machine
18472:
18470:
18455:
18451:
18441:
18439:
18437:
18417:
18413:
18381:10.1.1.537.7679
18362:
18358:
18348:
18346:
18345:on 22 June 2010
18342:
18332:
18325:
18315:
18313:
18311:
18296:
18288:
18284:
18253:(Pt 1): 67–89.
18236:
18232:
18222:
18220:
18216:
18179:
18173:
18166:
18156:
18154:
18139:
18132:
18122:
18120:
18105:
18098:
18091:
18075:
18071:
18039:
18035:
18025:
18023:
18016:
17998:
17991:
17953:Genome Research
17944:
17940:
17874:
17870:
17814:
17810:
17800:
17798:
17781:
17777:
17762:
17758:
17751:
17733:
17729:
17719:
17717:
17702:
17701:
17697:
17676:
17672:
17658:
17656:
17615:
17611:
17600:
17598:
17597:on 7 April 2016
17583:
17582:
17578:
17568:
17566:
17535:
17531:
17521:
17519:
17508:
17504:
17494:
17492:
17481:
17477:
17466:
17454:. Gainesville:
17446:
17442:
17432:
17430:
17425:. 16 May 2018.
17417:
17416:
17412:
17358:
17354:
17349:
17345:
17337:
17318:
17312:
17308:
17303:
17299:
17289:
17287:
17278:
17277:
17273:
17254:
17252:
17248:
17238:
17236:
17225:
17218:
17212:Wayback Machine
17202:
17198:
17189:
17185:
17177:(Supplement to
17168:
17161:
17151:
17149:
17134:
17133:
17129:
17119:
17117:
17108:
17107:
17100:
17089:
17085:
17078:
17060:
17056:
17050:Wayback Machine
17040:
17036:
17030:Wayback Machine
17020:
17016:
17010:Wayback Machine
16999:
16995:
16985:
16983:
16982:on 11 June 2008
16974:
16973:
16969:
16960:Wayback Machine
16951:
16947:
16941:Panama Experts.
16938:Wayback Machine
16929:
16925:
16915:
16913:
16902:
16898:
16893:
16889:
16874:10.2307/3033029
16856:
16847:
16837:
16835:
16822:
16821:
16817:
16807:
16805:
16794:
16790:
16780:
16778:
16763:
16762:
16758:
16748:
16746:
16741:. 30 May 2003.
16733:
16732:
16728:
16718:
16716:
16701:
16697:
16687:
16685:
16670:
16669:
16658:
16601:
16597:
16587:
16585:
16581:
16574:
16570:
16569:
16565:
16555:
16553:
16552:on 28 June 2012
16544:
16543:
16539:
16529:
16527:
16514:
16510:
16500:
16499:
16495:
16485:
16483:
16470:
16469:
16465:
16458:
16452:
16445:
16441:
16440:
16436:
16426:
16424:
16420:
16409:
16405:
16404:
16400:
16390:
16388:
16375:
16374:
16370:
16360:
16358:
16345:
16344:
16340:
16330:
16328:
16324:
16313:
16308:
16307:
16303:
16293:
16291:
16278:
16277:
16273:
16263:
16261:
16257:
16250:
16245:
16244:
16240:
16232:
16225:
16220:
16219:
16215:
16210:Wayback Machine
16204:
16200:
16187:
16185:
16181:
16174:
16169:
16168:
16164:
16153:
16151:
16147:
16140:
16135:
16134:
16130:
16089:(9): e1004572.
16072:
16068:
16010:
16006:
15996:
15994:
15981:
15980:
15976:
15966:
15964:
15945:
15944:
15940:
15921:
15920:
15916:
15906:
15904:
15891:
15890:
15886:
15876:
15874:
15867:
15863:
15862:
15858:
15839:
15749:
15745:
15738:
15718:
15714:
15704:
15702:
15689:
15688:
15684:
15674:
15672:
15670:
15654:
15650:
15640:
15638:
15631:
15627:
15617:
15615:
15613:
15597:
15593:
15583:
15581:
15579:
15563:
15559:
15549:
15547:
15538:
15537:
15533:
15526:
15522:
15514:
15510:
15500:
15498:
15485:
15484:
15480:
15470:
15468:
15455:
15454:
15450:
15440:
15438:
15437:on 14 July 2010
15434:
15427:
15423:
15422:
15418:
15408:
15406:
15405:on 11 June 2024
15391:
15390:
15386:
15376:
15374:
15370:
15363:
15359:
15358:
15354:
15346:
15339:
15334:
15333:
15326:
15303:
15302:
15298:
15288:
15286:
15273:
15272:
15268:
15258:
15256:
15252:
15241:
15236:
15235:
15231:
15215:Wayback Machine
15206:
15202:
15186:Wayback Machine
15177:
15173:
15150:
15149:
15145:
15129:
15128:
15116:
15107:
15084:
15083:
15079:
15069:
15067:
15063:
15056:
15051:
15050:
15046:
15023:
15022:
15018:
15005:
15001:
14978:
14974:
14964:
14962:
14949:
14948:
14944:
14921:
14920:
14916:
14883:
14879:
14842:
14838:
14815:
14814:
14810:
14787:
14786:
14782:
14759:
14758:
14754:
14744:
14742:
14738:
14734:. U.S. Census.
14731:
14725:
14721:
14709:Wayback Machine
14699:
14695:
14685:
14683:
14674:
14673:
14669:
14659:
14657:
14642:
14641:
14637:
14627:
14625:
14621:
14614:
14610:
14609:
14605:
14595:
14593:
14589:
14582:
14578:
14577:
14573:
14563:
14561:
14544:
14540:
14535:Wayback Machine
14527:
14523:
14513:
14511:
14502:
14501:
14497:
14487:
14485:
14470:
14469:
14465:
14455:
14453:
14444:
14443:
14439:
14428:
14426:
14417:
14416:
14412:
14397:
14393:
14382:
14378:
14367:
14363:
14358:
14354:
14349:
14342:
14332:
14330:
14313:
14309:
14302:
14286:Coe, Michael D.
14283:
14279:
14272:
14256:Coe, Michael D.
14253:
14249:
14239:
14237:
14233:
14226:
14220:
14216:
14211:
14207:
14197:
14195:
14184:
14180:
14170:
14168:
14155:
14151:
14140:
14138:
14131:
14115:
14111:
14101:
14099:
14064:
14060:
14049:
14045:
14034:
14030:
14015:
14011:
14001:
13999:
13995:
13954:
13948:
13944:
13934:
13932:
13928:
13888:(6397): 81–85.
13875:
13868:
13864:
13849:
13845:
13834:
13830:
13823:
13797:
13793:
13783:
13781:
13766:
13762:
13748:
13746:
13744:
13722:
13718:
13705:
13703:
13701:
13676:
13672:
13665:
13645:
13641:
13625:
13624:
13617:
13615:
13576:
13572:
13562:
13560:
13545:
13541:
13536:Wayback Machine
13474:
13470:
13460:
13458:
13445:
13444:
13440:
13385:
13381:
13326:
13322:
13266:
13262:
13252:
13250:
13205:
13201:
13148:
13144:
13111:
13104:
13073:
13066:
13017:
13010:
12968:
12964:
12944:Wayback Machine
12934:
12913:
12896:
12895:
12891:
12881:
12879:
12870:
12869:
12865:
12855:
12853:
12838:
12834:
12795:
12791:
12781:
12779:
12770:
12769:
12765:
12718:
12714:
12704:
12702:
12691:
12687:
12671:
12670:
12663:
12661:
12656:
12655:
12651:
12641:
12639:
12622:
12618:
12605:
12604:
12600:
12590:
12588:
12577:
12573:
12560:
12556:
12551:
12547:
12537:
12535:
12526:
12525:
12521:
12508:
12507:
12503:
12484:
12483:
12479:
12469:
12467:
12466:on 22 July 2013
12458:
12457:
12453:
12443:
12441:
12428:
12427:
12423:
12416:
12408:. p. 160.
12396:
12392:
12382:
12380:
12367:
12366:
12362:
12352:
12350:
12337:
12336:
12332:
12325:
12307:
12303:
12293:
12291:
12282:
12281:
12277:
12267:
12265:
12263:
12247:
12243:
12233:
12231:
12229:
12209:
12205:
12190:
12189:
12185:
12171:
12164:
12144:
12140:
12133:
12113:
12109:
12102:
12082:
12078:
12067:
12063:
12032:
12021:
12005:
12004:
12000:
11986:
11979:
11972:
11964:. p. 151.
11949:
11945:
11935:
11933:
11931:
11911:
11907:
11900:
11880:
11876:
11866:
11864:
11860:
11847:
11841:
11837:
11827:
11825:
11808:
11804:
11794:
11792:
11775:Drake, Thomas.
11773:
11769:
11754:
11733:
11729:
11680:
11676:
11627:
11623:
11607:Philip Phillips
11596:
11595:
11591:
11576:
11555:
11551:
11541:
11539:
11522:
11518:
11508:
11506:
11490:
11489:
11485:
11475:
11473:
11458:
11457:
11453:
11443:
11441:
11431:
11427:
11420:
11402:
11398:
11358:
11354:
11325:
11321:
11311:
11309:
11307:Popular Science
11299:
11295:
11288:
11272:
11268:
11253:
11237:
11233:
11218:
11202:
11198:
11183:
11167:
11163:
11126:(7819): 47–48.
11116:
11112:
11075:(7819): 93–97.
11065:
11061:
11024:(7819): 87–92.
11009:
11005:
10995:
10993:
10983:
10974:
10941:(4): e0264092.
10927:
10923:
10916:
10894:
10890:
10880:
10878:
10868:
10861:
10851:
10849:
10840:
10839:
10835:
10796:
10792:
10782:
10780:
10772:
10771:
10767:
10757:
10755:
10746:
10745:
10741:
10731:
10729:
10722:"Paleoamerican"
10718:
10714:
10707:
10691:
10687:
10680:
10672:. p. 289.
10660:
10656:
10621:
10617:
10567:
10561:
10557:
10547:
10545:
10530:
10526:
10516:
10514:
10510:
10479:10.1.1.398.9315
10451:
10445:
10438:
10431:
10415:
10411:
10391:
10387:
10380:
10366:
10362:
10352:
10350:
10337:
10336:
10332:
10322:
10320:
10307:
10306:
10302:
10292:
10290:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10262:
10260:
10255:. 19 May 2020.
10247:
10246:
10242:
10235:
10211:
10207:
10162:
10158:
10151:
10133:
10129:
10122:
10104:
10100:
10090:
10088:
10073:
10066:
10059:
10036:
10029:
10016:
10014:
10013:on 14 July 2010
10010:
9999:
9995:
9994:
9990:
9980:
9978:
9963:
9962:
9955:
9945:
9943:
9928:
9919:
9902:
9900:
9887:
9886:
9882:
9872:
9870:
9855:
9851:
9841:
9839:
9824:
9820:
9810:
9808:
9793:
9789:
9779:
9777:
9764:
9763:
9759:
9749:
9747:
9732:
9728:
9719:Wayback Machine
9703:
9701:
9688:
9687:
9683:
9673:
9671:
9667:
9654:
9650:
9649:
9645:
9635:
9633:
9626:
9606:
9602:
9592:
9590:
9574:
9570:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9528:
9524:
9517:
9501:
9497:
9490:
9466:
9462:
9452:
9450:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9420:
9400:
9396:
9386:
9384:
9382:
9362:
9358:
9353:on 1 July 2024.
9350:
9339:
9335:
9334:
9330:
9325:
9321:
9264:
9260:
9247:(38): 185–232.
9233:
9229:
9219:
9217:
9216:on 9 April 2024
9213:
9198:
9191:
9187:
9164:
9160:
9143:
9139:
9132:
9113:
9109:
9091:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9074:on 16 June 2024
9062:
9061:
9057:
9049:
9045:
9039:Hultkrantz 1987
9037:
9033:
9023:
9021:
9020:on 11 June 2023
9012:
9011:
9007:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8975:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8952:
8948:
8947:
8943:
8932:
8930:
8921:
8920:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8884:
8874:
8872:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8848:
8846:
8842:
8835:
8831:
8830:
8826:
8816:
8814:
8810:
8803:
8799:
8798:
8791:
8781:
8779:
8768:
8764:
8754:
8752:
8748:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8722:
8720:
8716:
8709:
8705:
8704:
8700:
8690:
8688:
8684:
8677:
8673:
8672:
8668:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8644:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8619:
8611:
8610:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8574:
8564:
8562:
8558:
8550:
8549:
8545:
8535:
8533:
8529:
8522:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8502:
8500:
8496:
8489:
8484:
8483:
8479:
8468:
8466:
8458:
8453:
8452:
8448:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8425:
8420:
8419:
8415:
8405:
8403:
8399:
8392:
8387:
8386:
8382:
8372:
8370:
8362:
8361:
8357:
8347:
8345:
8341:
8334:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8314:
8312:
8308:
8301:
8297:
8296:
8292:
8279:
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8258:
8251:
8246:
8245:
8241:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8220:
8210:
8208:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8183:
8181:
8177:
8170:
8165:
8164:
8160:
8148:
8146:
8142:
8135:
8130:
8129:
8122:
8114:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8081:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8061:
8059:
8051:
8047:
8046:
8042:
8032:
8030:
8022:
8018:
8017:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7948:
7926:
7904:
7867:
7825:
7798:
7717:
7712:
7710:
7703:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7688:
7682:
7595:micro-satellite
7458:Sayan mountains
7363:
7357:
7351:
7274:José María Melo
7252:
7197:
7165:
7040:Inhabited lands
6654:Cultural rights
6611:
6587:
6581:
6576:
6570:
6526:Lesser Antilles
6510:
6504:
6434:
6428:
6412:
6406:
6382:
6376:
6339:
6333:
6308:
6302:
6291:Alleluia church
6278:
6272:
6256:
6130:in present-day
6120:
6114:
6069:White Colombian
6043:
6037:
5941:
5935:
5869:
5863:
5791:, 126,000; and
5750:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5720:This article's
5716:
5712:
5705:
5605:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5502:Darién Province
5491:
5485:
5443:Miskito Admiral
5439:Miskito General
5390:
5342:
5264:Central America
5238:
5232:
5142:
5134:Main articles:
5132:
5086:
5080:
5036:
5031:
5029:Central America
4834:Monument Valley
4795:
4787:Main articles:
4785:
4763:gender equality
4716:public services
4588:in present-day
4582:Central America
4504:Native Mexicans
4496:
4490:
4483:("Polar Inuit")
4363:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4328:self government
4309:Aboriginal laws
4247:
4224:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4176:
4174:
4146:
4144:
4116:
4114:
4086:
4084:
4056:
4054:
4026:
4024:
3996:
3994:
3966:
3964:
3936:
3934:
3906:
3904:
3876:
3874:
3846:
3844:
3816:
3814:
3786:
3784:
3756:
3754:
3726:
3724:
3696:
3694:
3666:
3664:
3636:
3634:
3606:
3604:
3576:
3574:
3546:
3544:
3516:
3514:
3486:
3484:
3456:
3454:
3426:
3424:
3416:Combined total
3391:
3374:
3368:
3328:Native Hawaiian
3320:American Indian
3235:have a type of
3198:
3169:
3161:Main articles:
3159:
3061:primary sources
3041:San José Mogote
3035:and presumably
3018:spoken language
2957:
2943:
2941:Writing systems
2907:
2901:
2880:
2862:
2800:beast of burden
2711:
2657:sunflower seeds
2394:
2369:
2347:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2232:
2226:
2105:Lesser Antilles
1994:Taíno rebellion
1924:in present-day
1920:encountered in
1906:
1898:in present-day
1879:suffering from
1859:Central America
1832:
1818:
1812:
1629:, and northern
1607:
1599:Main articles:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1412:
1404:
1399:
1381:Native American
1303:
1297:
1266:hunter-gatherer
1191:pueblos nativos
1110:collective noun
977:Monument Valley
949:
917:Central America
898:Western culture
682:
680:
664:
662:
646:
644:
628:
626:
610:
608:
592:
590:
574:
572:
556:
554:
539:
537:
521:
519:
501:
499:
483:
481:
462:
460:
441:
439:
420:
418:
399:
397:
378:
376:
360:
358:
340:
338:
319:
317:
298:
296:
277:
275:
256:
254:
235:
233:
214:
212:
193:
191:
172:
170:
151:
149:
130:
128:
109:
107:
91:
89:
70:
68:
48:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
26218:
26208:
26207:
26202:
26197:
26192:
26175:
26174:
26169:
26168:
26166:
26165:
26159:
26157:
26153:
26152:
26150:
26149:
26144:
26139:
26134:
26129:
26124:
26122:Indigenization
26119:
26114:
26112:Ethnosymbolism
26109:
26104:
26099:
26098:
26097:
26087:
26082:
26077:
26075:Ethnic penalty
26072:
26067:
26062:
26057:
26052:
26047:
26041:
26039:
26032:
26029:
26028:
26026:
26025:
26020:
26015:
26013:Model minority
26010:
26005:
26000:
25995:
25993:Ethnopluralism
25990:
25985:
25980:
25975:
25970:
25965:
25960:
25955:
25950:
25945:
25940:
25938:Ethnic enclave
25935:
25930:
25925:
25920:
25915:
25909:
25907:
25901:
25900:
25898:
25897:
25892:
25891:
25890:
25885:
25875:
25870:
25865:
25860:
25855:
25850:
25845:
25840:
25835:
25830:
25825:
25820:
25815:
25810:
25805:
25800:
25795:
25790:
25785:
25780:
25775:
25770:
25765:
25760:
25755:
25750:
25745:
25740:
25735:
25730:
25724:
25722:
25712:
25709:
25708:
25706:
25705:
25704:
25703:
25698:
25688:
25681:
25680:
25679:
25674:
25662:
25661:
25660:
25655:
25653:Southeast Asia
25650:
25645:
25640:
25635:
25623:
25622:
25621:
25616:
25611:
25606:
25601:
25596:
25591:
25586:
25576:
25569:
25568:
25567:
25562:
25551:
25549:
25543:
25542:
25540:
25539:
25534:
25532:Ethnosemiotics
25529:
25524:
25519:
25514:
25509:
25504:
25502:Ethnomuseology
25499:
25494:
25489:
25488:
25487:
25477:
25472:
25467:
25462:
25461:
25460:
25455:
25450:
25445:
25440:
25435:
25430:
25425:
25420:
25415:
25405:
25400:
25395:
25394:
25393:
25388:
25383:
25378:
25368:
25363:
25361:Ethnic studies
25358:
25352:
25350:
25344:
25343:
25341:
25340:
25335:
25330:
25328:Supraethnicity
25325:
25320:
25315:
25310:
25305:
25300:
25295:
25290:
25289:
25288:
25281:Minority group
25278:
25276:Metroethnicity
25273:
25271:Meta-ethnicity
25268:
25263:
25258:
25253:
25248:
25247:
25246:
25241:
25236:
25231:
25221:
25215:
25213:
25209:
25208:
25201:
25200:
25193:
25186:
25178:
25169:
25168:
25166:
25165:
25155:
25142:
25141:
25131:
25130:
25129:
25126:
25125:
25123:
25122:
25117:
25112:
25107:
25101:
25099:
25095:
25094:
25092:
25091:
25086:
25081:
25080:
25079:
25069:
25068:
25067:
25059:
25054:
25049:
25044:
25039:
25034:
25029:
25024:
25019:
25018:
25017:
25012:
25002:
24996:
24994:
24990:
24989:
24987:
24986:
24981:
24976:
24970:
24968:
24964:
24963:
24961:
24960:
24955:
24950:
24944:
24942:
24938:
24937:
24935:
24934:
24933:
24932:
24927:
24922:
24917:
24912:
24901:
24899:
24895:
24894:
24892:
24891:
24886:
24881:
24876:
24871:
24866:
24861:
24856:
24851:
24846:
24840:
24838:
24837:South American
24834:
24833:
24830:
24829:
24827:
24826:
24821:
24816:
24811:
24806:
24801:
24795:
24793:
24789:
24788:
24786:
24785:
24784:
24783:
24773:
24768:
24762:
24760:
24753:
24752:
24747:
24742:
24741:
24740:
24730:
24725:
24724:
24723:
24713:
24707:
24705:
24704:North American
24701:
24700:
24698:
24697:
24692:
24691:
24690:
24680:
24674:
24671:
24670:
24663:
24662:
24655:
24648:
24640:
24631:
24630:
24623:
24620:
24619:
24615:
24614:
24601:
24599:
24586:
24584:
24571:
24569:
24556:
24554:
24541:
24536:
24533:
24532:
24517:
24516:
24509:
24502:
24494:
24485:
24484:
24481:
24480:
24477:
24476:
24474:
24473:
24472:
24471:
24461:
24456:
24455:
24454:
24449:
24444:
24439:
24437:Alligator drum
24429:
24428:
24427:
24417:
24412:
24407:
24406:
24405:
24400:
24395:
24385:
24384:
24383:
24373:
24368:
24367:
24366:
24364:lunar calendar
24361:
24350:
24348:
24347:Other cultural
24344:
24343:
24341:
24340:
24335:
24330:
24325:
24320:
24315:
24310:
24305:
24300:
24295:
24294:
24293:
24288:
24278:
24273:
24268:
24267:
24266:
24261:
24251:
24246:
24245:
24244:
24234:
24229:
24224:
24219:
24218:
24217:
24207:
24206:
24205:
24195:
24194:
24193:
24183:
24182:
24181:
24176:
24165:
24163:
24157:
24156:
24154:
24153:
24151:Venus figurine
24148:
24147:
24146:
24141:
24131:
24126:
24121:
24120:
24119:
24114:
24104:
24099:
24094:
24089:
24084:
24082:Megalithic art
24079:
24078:
24077:
24072:
24062:
24057:
24052:
24051:
24050:
24040:
24035:
24033:Cave paintings
24030:
24025:
24020:
24015:
24010:
24009:
24008:
23998:
23992:
23990:
23984:
23983:
23981:
23980:
23979:
23978:
23973:
23963:
23958:
23953:
23952:
23951:
23946:
23941:
23936:
23931:
23926:
23916:
23911:
23910:
23909:
23899:
23898:
23897:
23892:
23882:
23877:
23872:
23871:
23870:
23860:
23855:
23850:
23845:
23839:
23837:
23835:Material goods
23827:
23826:
23810:
23809:
23806:
23805:
23802:
23801:
23799:
23798:
23797:
23796:
23786:
23781:
23776:
23771:
23766:
23765:
23764:
23754:
23749:
23748:
23747:
23737:
23736:
23735:
23725:
23724:
23723:
23713:
23708:
23702:
23700:
23696:
23695:
23693:
23692:
23687:
23682:
23677:
23672:
23666:
23664:
23660:
23659:
23657:
23656:
23651:
23646:
23645:
23644:
23634:
23629:
23628:
23627:
23622:
23617:
23607:
23602:
23597:
23592:
23591:
23590:
23580:
23575:
23570:
23569:
23568:
23558:
23553:
23551:Cliff dwelling
23548:
23543:
23538:
23533:
23528:
23527:
23526:
23515:
23513:
23509:
23508:
23506:
23505:
23504:
23503:
23498:
23493:
23483:
23478:
23472:
23470:
23462:
23461:
23449:
23448:
23445:
23444:
23441:
23440:
23438:
23437:
23436:
23435:
23425:
23420:
23415:
23410:
23409:
23408:
23398:
23393:
23388:
23383:
23378:
23373:
23368:
23363:
23358:
23353:
23348:
23347:
23346:
23336:
23335:
23334:
23329:
23319:
23314:
23309:
23304:
23303:
23302:
23292:
23287:
23282:
23281:
23280:
23270:
23264:
23262:
23256:
23255:
23253:
23252:
23247:
23242:
23237:
23232:
23227:
23222:
23217:
23212:
23207:
23202:
23197:
23196:
23195:
23190:
23185:
23175:
23170:
23165:
23160:
23159:
23158:
23148:
23143:
23138:
23136:Fire hardening
23133:
23128:
23126:Clovis culture
23123:
23118:
23117:
23116:
23111:
23106:
23095:
23093:
23087:
23086:
23083:
23082:
23080:
23079:
23078:
23077:
23066:
23064:
23060:
23059:
23057:
23056:
23051:
23049:Manis Mastodon
23046:
23041:
23036:
23031:
23026:
23021:
23016:
23011:
23006:
23005:
23004:
22993:
22991:
22985:
22984:
22982:
22981:
22980:
22979:
22974:
22969:
22964:
22959:
22949:
22944:
22943:
22942:
22932:
22931:
22930:
22928:throwing stick
22920:
22914:
22908:
22902:
22901:
22899:
22898:
22893:
22888:
22883:
22878:
22873:
22868:
22867:
22866:
22861:
22851:
22846:
22841:
22836:
22835:
22834:
22824:
22819:
22813:
22811:
22807:
22806:
22804:
22803:
22798:
22793:
22788:
22783:
22778:
22773:
22768:
22763:
22758:
22757:
22756:
22751:
22740:
22738:
22728:
22727:
22715:
22714:
22712:
22711:
22706:
22705:
22704:
22694:
22693:
22692:
22687:
22682:
22677:
22672:
22661:
22658:
22657:
22650:
22649:
22642:
22635:
22627:
22618:
22617:
22614:
22613:
22599:
22596:
22595:
22593:
22592:
22587:
22582:
22577:
22572:
22567:
22562:
22557:
22552:
22547:
22541:
22538:
22537:
22524:
22523:
22512:
22489:
22464:
22453:
22449:
22448:
22427:
22406:
22393:
22376:
22375:Notable Rulers
22372:
22371:
22366:
22361:
22356:
22351:
22347:
22346:
22344:Neo-Inca State
22337:
22332:
22327:
22322:
22318:
22317:
22312:
22307:
22302:
22297:
22293:
22292:
22287:
22282:
22277:
22272:
22268:
22267:
22262:
22257:
22252:
22247:
22243:
22242:
22237:
22232:
22227:
22222:
22218:
22217:
22206:
22201:
22196:
22191:
22187:
22186:
22181:
22176:
22171:
22166:
22162:
22161:
22156:
22151:
22146:
22141:
22137:
22136:
22131:
22126:
22115:
22110:
22106:
22105:
22100:
22089:
22078:
22073:
22069:
22068:
22063:
22058:
22053:
22048:
22044:
22043:
22038:
22033:
22022:
22011:
22007:
22006:
22001:
21996:
21985:
21980:
21976:
21975:
21970:
21965:
21960:
21955:
21951:
21950:
21945:
21936:
21931:
21926:
21922:
21921:
21916:
21911:
21906:
21901:
21896:
21893:
21892:
21890:
21889:
21884:
21879:
21874:
21869:
21864:
21859:
21854:
21849:
21844:
21839:
21834:
21829:
21824:
21819:
21814:
21809:
21804:
21799:
21794:
21789:
21784:
21779:
21774:
21769:
21764:
21759:
21754:
21749:
21744:
21739:
21734:
21729:
21724:
21719:
21714:
21709:
21704:
21699:
21694:
21689:
21684:
21679:
21674:
21669:
21664:
21659:
21654:
21649:
21644:
21639:
21634:
21629:
21624:
21615:
21610:
21605:
21600:
21595:
21590:
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21308:
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21268:
21263:
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21218:
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21208:
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21194:
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21185:
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21158:
21157:
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21149:
21142:
21135:
21127:
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21118:
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21105:
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21097:
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21085:
21075:
21070:
21065:
21064:
21063:
21058:
21048:
21043:
21038:
21033:
21028:
21023:
21018:
21012:
21009:
21008:
21001:Cultural areas
20997:
20996:
20989:
20982:
20974:
20965:
20964:
20962:
20961:
20954:
20946:
20943:
20942:
20940:
20939:
20934:
20929:
20924:
20919:
20914:
20909:
20904:
20903:
20902:
20897:
20892:
20887:
20876:
20874:
20873:Related topics
20870:
20869:
20866:
20865:
20863:
20862:
20857:
20852:
20847:
20842:
20837:
20832:
20827:
20822:
20817:
20812:
20807:
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20799:
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20779:
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20769:
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20759:
20754:
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20744:
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20719:
20713:
20711:
20702:
20696:
20695:
20693:
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20691:
20690:
20685:
20674:
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20665:
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20659:
20658:
20653:
20648:
20647:
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20630:
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20576:
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20563:
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20515:
20510:
20504:
20502:
20495:
20491:
20490:
20488:
20487:
20482:
20477:
20472:
20470:Medicine wheel
20467:
20462:
20457:
20452:
20446:
20444:
20437:
20436:
20431:
20426:
20425:
20424:
20412:
20410:
20406:
20405:
20398:
20396:
20394:
20393:
20388:
20383:
20378:
20376:Classification
20373:
20368:
20362:
20360:
20356:
20355:
20348:
20347:
20340:
20333:
20325:
20319:
20318:
20298:
20294:, part of the
20285:
20279:
20270:
20253:
20252:External links
20250:
20249:
20248:
20234:
20217:
20205:
20202:
20200:
20199:
20196:
20170:(4): 431–440.
20157:
20154:
20136:(3): 264–274.
20123:
20092:
20082:
20080:
20077:
20075:
20074:
20064:
20043:
20029:
20015:Ribeiro, Darcy
20010:
20004:
19989:
19983:
19968:
19954:
19939:
19933:
19920:
19894:(42): 81–103.
19881:
19875:
19862:
19852:
19831:
19793:(3): 464–466.
19778:
19764:
19749:
19735:
19718:
19704:
19686:
19680:
19667:
19653:
19643:L'Arbre Croche
19636:
19630:
19616:
19614:
19611:
19609:
19606:
19603:
19602:
19591:on 11 May 2023
19571:
19511:
19451:
19414:(4): evae063.
19392:
19361:
19283:
19222:
19191:(4): 135–145.
19171:
19137:
19056:
18992:
18962:
18913:
18859:
18791:
18762:(1): 153–162.
18739:
18702:
18679:10.1086/303038
18651:
18608:
18547:
18536:on 10 May 2011
18521:
18490:
18449:
18435:
18411:
18356:
18323:
18309:
18282:
18230:
18164:
18130:
18096:
18089:
18069:
18033:
18014:
17989:
17938:
17868:
17808:
17790:Foreign Policy
17775:
17772:. p. 481.
17756:
17749:
17727:
17695:
17670:
17609:
17576:
17565:on 3 June 2018
17529:
17502:
17475:
17464:
17440:
17410:
17352:
17343:
17306:
17297:
17271:
17246:
17216:
17196:
17183:
17159:
17127:
17098:
17083:
17076:
17054:
17052:", 2005, p. 47
17034:
17032:", 2005, p. 42
17014:
17012:", 2005, p. 32
16993:
16967:
16945:
16923:
16896:
16887:
16845:
16815:
16788:
16756:
16726:
16695:
16656:
16595:
16563:
16537:
16508:
16493:
16463:
16434:
16398:
16368:
16338:
16301:
16286:(in Spanish).
16271:
16238:
16213:
16198:
16162:
16128:
16066:
16004:
15974:
15938:
15914:
15884:
15856:
15808:(2): 430–431.
15783:(4): 473–493.
15743:
15736:
15712:
15701:on 5 July 2009
15682:
15668:
15648:
15625:
15611:
15591:
15577:
15557:
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15520:
15508:
15478:
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15266:
15229:
15200:
15171:
15143:
15105:
15077:
15044:
15016:
14999:
14972:
14957:(in Spanish).
14942:
14914:
14895:(1): 131–155.
14877:
14851:Human Genetics
14836:
14808:
14780:
14752:
14719:
14693:
14667:
14635:
14603:
14571:
14538:
14521:
14495:
14463:
14448:. Sil.si.edu.
14437:
14410:
14391:
14376:
14373:. p. 158.
14361:
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14307:
14300:
14277:
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14247:
14214:
14205:
14178:
14149:
14129:
14109:
14058:
14043:
14028:
14009:
13942:
13862:
13843:
13836:Michael Pollan
13828:
13821:
13791:
13760:
13742:
13716:
13699:
13670:
13663:
13639:
13592:(3): 376–385.
13570:
13539:
13468:
13438:
13401:(1): 180–187.
13379:
13320:
13260:
13199:
13162:(3): 320–338.
13142:
13123:(3): 350–358.
13102:
13083:(2): 117–127.
13064:
13029:(5): 894–899.
13008:
12981:(4): 409–418.
12962:
12911:
12889:
12863:
12832:
12789:
12763:
12732:(2): 112–115.
12712:
12685:
12649:
12616:
12598:
12571:
12554:
12545:
12534:on 10 May 2008
12519:
12501:
12477:
12451:
12421:
12414:
12390:
12360:
12330:
12323:
12301:
12290:on 6 June 2019
12275:
12261:
12241:
12227:
12203:
12183:
12162:
12138:
12131:
12107:
12100:
12076:
12061:
12042:(3): 329–356.
12019:
11998:
11977:
11970:
11943:
11930:978-0142002100
11929:
11923:. p. 40.
11905:
11898:
11874:
11835:
11802:
11767:
11752:
11736:Wright, Ronald
11727:
11674:
11621:
11589:
11574:
11549:
11516:
11505:on 4 July 2020
11483:
11451:
11425:
11418:
11396:
11352:
11339:(3): 612–626.
11319:
11293:
11286:
11266:
11251:
11231:
11216:
11196:
11181:
11161:
11110:
11059:
11003:
10972:
10921:
10914:
10888:
10859:
10833:
10812:10.2307/279189
10790:
10765:
10739:
10712:
10705:
10685:
10678:
10654:
10615:
10555:
10524:
10436:
10429:
10409:
10385:
10378:
10360:
10330:
10313:www.queensu.ca
10300:
10270:
10240:
10233:
10205:
10156:
10149:
10127:
10120:
10098:
10064:
10057:
10027:
9988:
9953:
9917:
9880:
9849:
9818:
9801:diGJamaica.com
9787:
9757:
9726:
9681:
9643:
9624:
9618:. p. 30.
9600:
9568:
9554:
9522:
9515:
9495:
9488:
9460:
9430:
9394:
9380:
9356:
9328:
9319:
9258:
9243:(in Spanish).
9227:
9205:(in Spanish).
9185:
9158:
9137:
9130:
9107:
9098:Wengrow, David
9094:Graeber, David
9085:
9055:
9043:
9031:
9005:
8973:
8941:
8914:
8882:
8856:
8824:
8789:
8762:
8730:
8698:
8666:
8633:
8604:
8572:
8543:
8510:
8477:
8446:
8413:
8380:
8355:
8322:
8290:
8272:
8239:
8218:
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8120:
8103:
8069:
8040:
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7989:
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7954:
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7915:
7910:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7856:
7851:
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7836:
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7814:
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7804:
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7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7708:
7692:
7689:
7684:Main article:
7681:
7680:Notable people
7678:
7674:Northern China
7661:Southern China
7589:for the small
7467:, such as the
7428:in the entire
7353:Main article:
7350:
7347:
7251:
7248:
7229:United Nations
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7173:
7170:
7169:
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7160:
7159:
7158:
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7123:
7118:
7113:
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7098:
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7063:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7020:
7015:
7013:Discrimination
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:Climate change
6995:
6990:
6985:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6967:
6955:
6950:
6948:The Red Nation
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
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6857:
6856:
6852:
6851:
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6849:
6844:
6839:
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6826:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6790:
6789:
6786:United Nations
6782:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6717:Arctic Council
6714:
6709:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6637:
6629:
6628:
6622:
6621:
6610:
6607:
6583:Main article:
6580:
6577:
6572:Main article:
6569:
6566:
6562:Cayman Islands
6506:Main article:
6503:
6500:
6492:special rights
6430:Main article:
6427:
6424:
6408:Main article:
6405:
6402:
6378:Main article:
6375:
6372:
6335:Main article:
6332:
6329:
6304:Main article:
6301:
6298:
6274:Main article:
6271:
6268:
6255:
6252:
6244:Abdalá Bucaram
6116:Main article:
6113:
6110:
6050:Guambía people
6039:Main article:
6036:
6033:
6019:Atacama people
5937:Main article:
5934:
5931:
5887:An Indigenous
5875:Proportion of
5862:
5859:
5746:Main article:
5742:
5741:
5719:
5717:
5710:
5704:
5701:
5675:(14,633), the
5671:(15,837), the
5667:(31,753), the
5659:(40,036), the
5655:(68,454), the
5651:(69,452), the
5647:(70,505), the
5629:Salta Province
5611:Proportion of
5594:
5591:
5586:Main article:
5583:
5580:
5517:native peoples
5484:
5481:
5430:Creole English
5414:Mosquito Coast
5398:Miskito people
5389:
5386:
5341:
5338:
5234:Main article:
5231:
5228:
5131:
5128:
5100:(Guanacaste),
5082:Main article:
5079:
5076:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
4963:Tohono O'odham
4940:lineal descent
4897:Alaska Natives
4801:Proportion of
4793:Alaska Natives
4784:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4769:
4766:
4765:are respected;
4755:
4554:Gulf of Mexico
4545:conquistadores
4532:Tzeltal people
4502:Proportion of
4492:Main article:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4473:
4458:
4359:Main article:
4356:
4353:
4285:Bluefish Caves
4281:Old Crow Flats
4248:
4240:
4220:Main article:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
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4185:
4171:
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4141:
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4108:
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4020:
4018:
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3990:
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3930:
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3898:
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3885:
3871:
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3865:
3863:
3860:
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3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
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3811:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
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3775:
3773:
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3658:
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3648:
3645:
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3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3367:
3364:
3272:art collection
3225:clapper sticks
3158:
3155:
3098:, and Yucatec
3073:Latin alphabet
2984:Cascajal Block
2942:
2939:
2903:Main article:
2900:
2897:
2861:
2858:
2836:stingless bees
2823:imported from
2821:scarlet macaws
2710:
2707:
2613:(used to make
2599:sweet potatoes
2393:
2390:
2346:
2343:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2222:
2163:Spanish Empire
2141:Plains Indians
2055:Inca Civil War
1916:Members of an
1814:Main article:
1811:
1808:
1800:creation myths
1664:, a preserved
1596:
1593:
1579:Clovis culture
1554:sea level rise
1505:data, such as
1455:Mammoth steppe
1413:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1336:Taquile Island
1299:Main article:
1296:
1293:
1289:Indian Country
1285:Alaska Natives
1139:in Brazil) of
1048:linguistically
948:
945:
941:social justice
913:Latin American
784:
783:
765:
764:
760:
759:
740:
739:
735:
734:
700:
699:
695:
694:
691:
677:
676:
673:
659:
658:
655:
641:
640:
637:
623:
622:
619:
605:
604:
601:
587:
586:
583:
569:
568:
565:
551:
550:
547:
534:
533:
530:
516:
515:
510:
496:
495:
492:
478:
477:
471:
457:
456:
450:
436:
435:
429:
415:
414:
408:
394:
393:
387:
373:
372:
371:443,847 (2005)
369:
355:
354:
349:
335:
334:
328:
314:
313:
307:
293:
292:
286:
272:
271:
265:
251:
250:
244:
230:
229:
223:
209:
208:
202:
188:
187:
181:
167:
166:
160:
146:
145:
139:
125:
124:
118:
104:
103:
100:
86:
85:
79:
65:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
43:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
26217:
26206:
26203:
26201:
26198:
26196:
26193:
26191:
26188:
26187:
26185:
26164:
26161:
26160:
26158:
26154:
26148:
26145:
26143:
26140:
26138:
26135:
26133:
26130:
26128:
26125:
26123:
26120:
26118:
26115:
26113:
26110:
26108:
26105:
26103:
26102:Ethnocentrism
26100:
26096:
26093:
26092:
26091:
26088:
26086:
26083:
26081:
26078:
26076:
26073:
26071:
26068:
26066:
26063:
26061:
26060:Ethnic hatred
26058:
26056:
26053:
26051:
26048:
26046:
26043:
26042:
26040:
26037:
26030:
26024:
26021:
26019:
26016:
26014:
26011:
26009:
26006:
26004:
26001:
25999:
25996:
25994:
25991:
25989:
25986:
25984:
25981:
25979:
25976:
25974:
25971:
25969:
25966:
25964:
25961:
25959:
25956:
25954:
25951:
25949:
25946:
25944:
25941:
25939:
25936:
25934:
25931:
25929:
25926:
25924:
25921:
25919:
25916:
25914:
25911:
25910:
25908:
25906:
25902:
25896:
25893:
25889:
25886:
25884:
25881:
25880:
25879:
25876:
25874:
25871:
25869:
25866:
25864:
25861:
25859:
25856:
25854:
25853:National myth
25851:
25849:
25846:
25844:
25841:
25839:
25836:
25834:
25831:
25829:
25826:
25824:
25821:
25819:
25816:
25814:
25811:
25809:
25806:
25804:
25801:
25799:
25798:Folk religion
25796:
25794:
25791:
25789:
25786:
25784:
25781:
25779:
25776:
25774:
25773:Ethnic origin
25771:
25769:
25768:Ethnic option
25766:
25764:
25761:
25759:
25756:
25754:
25751:
25749:
25746:
25744:
25741:
25739:
25736:
25734:
25731:
25729:
25726:
25725:
25723:
25720:
25715:
25710:
25702:
25699:
25697:
25694:
25693:
25692:
25689:
25687:
25686:
25682:
25678:
25675:
25673:
25670:
25669:
25668:
25667:
25663:
25659:
25656:
25654:
25651:
25649:
25646:
25644:
25643:Northern Asia
25641:
25639:
25636:
25634:
25631:
25630:
25629:
25628:
25624:
25620:
25619:South America
25617:
25615:
25612:
25610:
25607:
25605:
25604:United States
25602:
25600:
25597:
25595:
25592:
25590:
25587:
25585:
25582:
25581:
25580:
25577:
25575:
25574:
25570:
25566:
25563:
25561:
25558:
25557:
25556:
25553:
25552:
25550:
25548:
25544:
25538:
25537:Ethnotaxonomy
25535:
25533:
25530:
25528:
25525:
25523:
25520:
25518:
25515:
25513:
25510:
25508:
25505:
25503:
25500:
25498:
25495:
25493:
25492:Ethnomedicine
25490:
25486:
25483:
25482:
25481:
25478:
25476:
25473:
25471:
25468:
25466:
25463:
25459:
25456:
25454:
25451:
25449:
25446:
25444:
25441:
25439:
25436:
25434:
25431:
25429:
25428:Institutional
25426:
25424:
25421:
25419:
25416:
25414:
25411:
25410:
25409:
25406:
25404:
25401:
25399:
25396:
25392:
25389:
25387:
25386:Ethnomycology
25384:
25382:
25379:
25377:
25374:
25373:
25372:
25369:
25367:
25364:
25362:
25359:
25357:
25354:
25353:
25351:
25349:
25345:
25339:
25336:
25334:
25331:
25329:
25326:
25324:
25321:
25319:
25316:
25314:
25313:Polyethnicity
25311:
25309:
25306:
25304:
25301:
25299:
25296:
25294:
25293:Monoethnicity
25291:
25287:
25284:
25283:
25282:
25279:
25277:
25274:
25272:
25269:
25267:
25264:
25262:
25259:
25257:
25254:
25252:
25249:
25245:
25242:
25240:
25237:
25235:
25232:
25230:
25227:
25226:
25225:
25222:
25220:
25217:
25216:
25214:
25210:
25206:
25199:
25194:
25192:
25187:
25185:
25180:
25179:
25176:
25164:
25156:
25154:
25146:
25145:
25136:
25132:
25127:
25121:
25118:
25116:
25113:
25111:
25108:
25106:
25103:
25102:
25100:
25096:
25090:
25087:
25085:
25082:
25078:
25075:
25074:
25073:
25070:
25066:
25063:
25062:
25060:
25058:
25055:
25053:
25050:
25048:
25045:
25043:
25040:
25038:
25037:Massachusetts
25035:
25033:
25030:
25028:
25025:
25023:
25020:
25016:
25015:San Francisco
25013:
25011:
25008:
25007:
25006:
25003:
25001:
24998:
24997:
24995:
24991:
24985:
24982:
24980:
24977:
24975:
24972:
24971:
24969:
24965:
24959:
24956:
24954:
24951:
24949:
24946:
24945:
24943:
24941:Ethnic groups
24939:
24931:
24928:
24926:
24923:
24921:
24918:
24916:
24913:
24911:
24908:
24907:
24906:
24903:
24902:
24900:
24896:
24890:
24887:
24885:
24882:
24880:
24877:
24875:
24872:
24870:
24867:
24865:
24862:
24860:
24857:
24855:
24852:
24850:
24847:
24845:
24842:
24841:
24839:
24835:
24825:
24822:
24820:
24817:
24815:
24812:
24810:
24807:
24805:
24802:
24800:
24797:
24796:
24794:
24790:
24782:
24779:
24778:
24777:
24774:
24772:
24769:
24767:
24764:
24763:
24761:
24757:
24751:
24748:
24746:
24745:Nuevomexicano
24743:
24739:
24736:
24735:
24734:
24731:
24729:
24726:
24722:
24719:
24718:
24717:
24714:
24712:
24709:
24708:
24706:
24702:
24696:
24693:
24689:
24686:
24685:
24684:
24681:
24679:
24676:
24675:
24672:
24668:
24661:
24656:
24654:
24649:
24647:
24642:
24641:
24638:
24628:
24627:
24621:
24612:
24611:
24610:South America
24606:
24600:
24597:
24596:
24591:
24585:
24582:
24581:
24580:North America
24576:
24570:
24567:
24566:
24561:
24555:
24552:
24551:
24546:
24540:
24539:
24534:
24530:
24526:
24522:
24515:
24510:
24508:
24503:
24501:
24496:
24495:
24492:
24470:
24467:
24466:
24465:
24462:
24460:
24457:
24453:
24450:
24448:
24445:
24443:
24440:
24438:
24435:
24434:
24433:
24430:
24426:
24423:
24422:
24421:
24418:
24416:
24413:
24411:
24408:
24404:
24401:
24399:
24396:
24394:
24391:
24390:
24389:
24386:
24382:
24379:
24378:
24377:
24374:
24372:
24369:
24365:
24362:
24360:
24357:
24356:
24355:
24352:
24351:
24349:
24345:
24339:
24336:
24334:
24331:
24329:
24326:
24324:
24323:Simple dolmen
24321:
24319:
24316:
24314:
24311:
24309:
24308:Passage grave
24306:
24304:
24301:
24299:
24296:
24292:
24289:
24287:
24284:
24283:
24282:
24279:
24277:
24274:
24272:
24269:
24265:
24262:
24260:
24257:
24256:
24255:
24254:Gallery grave
24252:
24250:
24247:
24243:
24240:
24239:
24238:
24235:
24233:
24230:
24228:
24225:
24223:
24220:
24216:
24213:
24212:
24211:
24208:
24204:
24201:
24200:
24199:
24196:
24192:
24189:
24188:
24187:
24184:
24180:
24177:
24175:
24172:
24171:
24170:
24169:Burial mounds
24167:
24166:
24164:
24162:
24158:
24152:
24149:
24145:
24142:
24140:
24137:
24136:
24135:
24132:
24130:
24129:Statue menhir
24127:
24125:
24122:
24118:
24117:Stone carving
24115:
24113:
24110:
24109:
24108:
24105:
24103:
24100:
24098:
24095:
24093:
24090:
24088:
24085:
24083:
24080:
24076:
24073:
24071:
24068:
24067:
24066:
24063:
24061:
24058:
24056:
24053:
24049:
24046:
24045:
24044:
24041:
24039:
24036:
24034:
24031:
24029:
24026:
24024:
24021:
24019:
24016:
24014:
24011:
24007:
24004:
24003:
24002:
23999:
23997:
23994:
23993:
23991:
23989:
23985:
23977:
23974:
23972:
23969:
23968:
23967:
23964:
23962:
23959:
23957:
23956:Sewing needle
23954:
23950:
23947:
23945:
23942:
23940:
23937:
23935:
23932:
23930:
23927:
23925:
23922:
23921:
23920:
23917:
23915:
23912:
23908:
23905:
23904:
23903:
23900:
23896:
23893:
23891:
23888:
23887:
23886:
23883:
23881:
23878:
23876:
23873:
23869:
23866:
23865:
23864:
23861:
23859:
23856:
23854:
23851:
23849:
23846:
23844:
23841:
23840:
23838:
23836:
23832:
23828:
23824:
23820:
23815:
23811:
23795:
23792:
23791:
23790:
23787:
23785:
23784:Timber circle
23782:
23780:
23777:
23775:
23772:
23770:
23767:
23763:
23760:
23759:
23758:
23755:
23753:
23750:
23746:
23743:
23742:
23741:
23738:
23734:
23733:Tor enclosure
23731:
23730:
23729:
23726:
23722:
23721:fulacht fiadh
23719:
23718:
23717:
23714:
23712:
23709:
23707:
23704:
23703:
23701:
23697:
23691:
23688:
23686:
23683:
23681:
23678:
23676:
23673:
23671:
23668:
23667:
23665:
23661:
23655:
23652:
23650:
23647:
23643:
23640:
23639:
23638:
23635:
23633:
23630:
23626:
23623:
23621:
23618:
23616:
23613:
23612:
23611:
23608:
23606:
23603:
23601:
23598:
23596:
23593:
23589:
23586:
23585:
23584:
23581:
23579:
23576:
23574:
23571:
23567:
23564:
23563:
23562:
23559:
23557:
23554:
23552:
23549:
23547:
23544:
23542:
23539:
23537:
23534:
23532:
23529:
23525:
23522:
23521:
23520:
23517:
23516:
23514:
23510:
23502:
23499:
23497:
23494:
23492:
23489:
23488:
23487:
23484:
23482:
23479:
23477:
23474:
23473:
23471:
23467:
23463:
23459:
23454:
23450:
23434:
23431:
23430:
23429:
23426:
23424:
23421:
23419:
23416:
23414:
23411:
23407:
23404:
23403:
23402:
23399:
23397:
23394:
23392:
23389:
23387:
23384:
23382:
23379:
23377:
23374:
23372:
23369:
23367:
23364:
23362:
23359:
23357:
23354:
23352:
23349:
23345:
23342:
23341:
23340:
23337:
23333:
23330:
23328:
23325:
23324:
23323:
23320:
23318:
23315:
23313:
23310:
23308:
23305:
23301:
23298:
23297:
23296:
23293:
23291:
23288:
23286:
23283:
23279:
23276:
23275:
23274:
23271:
23269:
23266:
23265:
23263:
23261:
23257:
23251:
23248:
23246:
23243:
23241:
23238:
23236:
23233:
23231:
23228:
23226:
23223:
23221:
23218:
23216:
23213:
23211:
23208:
23206:
23203:
23201:
23198:
23194:
23191:
23189:
23186:
23184:
23181:
23180:
23179:
23176:
23174:
23171:
23169:
23166:
23164:
23161:
23157:
23154:
23153:
23152:
23149:
23147:
23144:
23142:
23139:
23137:
23134:
23132:
23129:
23127:
23124:
23122:
23119:
23115:
23112:
23110:
23107:
23105:
23102:
23101:
23100:
23097:
23096:
23094:
23092:
23088:
23076:
23073:
23072:
23071:
23068:
23067:
23065:
23061:
23055:
23052:
23050:
23047:
23045:
23042:
23040:
23037:
23035:
23032:
23030:
23027:
23025:
23022:
23020:
23017:
23015:
23012:
23010:
23007:
23003:
23000:
22999:
22998:
22995:
22994:
22992:
22990:
22986:
22978:
22975:
22973:
22970:
22968:
22965:
22963:
22960:
22958:
22957:spear-thrower
22955:
22954:
22953:
22950:
22948:
22945:
22941:
22938:
22937:
22936:
22935:Bow and arrow
22933:
22929:
22926:
22925:
22924:
22921:
22919:
22916:
22915:
22912:
22909:
22907:
22903:
22897:
22894:
22892:
22889:
22887:
22884:
22882:
22879:
22877:
22874:
22872:
22869:
22865:
22862:
22860:
22857:
22856:
22855:
22852:
22850:
22847:
22845:
22844:Grinding slab
22842:
22840:
22837:
22833:
22830:
22829:
22828:
22825:
22823:
22820:
22818:
22815:
22814:
22812:
22808:
22802:
22799:
22797:
22794:
22792:
22789:
22787:
22784:
22782:
22779:
22777:
22776:Domestication
22774:
22772:
22771:Digging stick
22769:
22767:
22764:
22762:
22759:
22755:
22752:
22750:
22749:Founder crops
22747:
22746:
22745:
22742:
22741:
22739:
22737:
22733:
22729:
22725:
22720:
22716:
22710:
22707:
22703:
22700:
22699:
22698:
22695:
22691:
22690:New Stone Age
22688:
22686:
22683:
22681:
22678:
22676:
22673:
22671:
22668:
22667:
22666:
22663:
22662:
22659:
22655:
22648:
22643:
22641:
22636:
22634:
22629:
22628:
22625:
22611:
22610:
22597:
22591:
22588:
22586:
22583:
22581:
22578:
22576:
22573:
22571:
22568:
22566:
22563:
22561:
22558:
22556:
22553:
22551:
22548:
22546:
22543:
22542:
22539:
22535:
22530:
22521:
22516:
22513:
22510:
22504:
22498:
22493:
22490:
22487:
22482:
22477:
22472:
22468:
22465:
22462:
22461:Hernán Cortés
22457:
22454:
22450:
22447:
22443:
22439:
22435:
22431:
22428:
22426:
22422:
22418:
22414:
22410:
22407:
22405:
22401:
22397:
22394:
22392:
22388:
22384:
22380:
22377:
22373:
22370:
22367:
22365:
22362:
22360:
22357:
22355:
22352:
22348:
22345:
22341:
22338:
22336:
22333:
22331:
22328:
22326:
22323:
22319:
22316:
22313:
22311:
22308:
22306:
22303:
22301:
22298:
22294:
22291:
22288:
22286:
22283:
22281:
22278:
22276:
22273:
22269:
22266:
22263:
22261:
22258:
22256:
22253:
22251:
22248:
22244:
22241:
22238:
22236:
22233:
22231:
22228:
22226:
22223:
22219:
22215:
22210:
22207:
22205:
22202:
22200:
22197:
22195:
22192:
22188:
22185:
22182:
22180:
22177:
22175:
22172:
22170:
22167:
22163:
22160:
22157:
22155:
22152:
22150:
22147:
22145:
22142:
22138:
22135:
22132:
22130:
22127:
22124:
22119:
22116:
22114:
22111:
22107:
22104:
22101:
22098:
22093:
22090:
22087:
22082:
22079:
22077:
22074:
22070:
22067:
22064:
22062:
22059:
22057:
22054:
22052:
22049:
22045:
22042:
22039:
22037:
22034:
22031:
22026:
22023:
22020:
22015:
22012:
22008:
22005:
22002:
22000:
21997:
21994:
21989:
21986:
21984:
21981:
21977:
21974:
21971:
21969:
21966:
21964:
21961:
21959:
21956:
21952:
21949:
21946:
21944:
21940:
21937:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21923:
21920:
21915:
21910:
21905:
21899:
21894:
21888:
21885:
21883:
21880:
21878:
21875:
21873:
21870:
21868:
21865:
21863:
21860:
21858:
21855:
21853:
21850:
21848:
21845:
21843:
21840:
21838:
21835:
21833:
21830:
21828:
21825:
21823:
21820:
21818:
21815:
21813:
21810:
21808:
21805:
21803:
21800:
21798:
21795:
21793:
21790:
21788:
21785:
21783:
21780:
21778:
21775:
21773:
21770:
21768:
21765:
21763:
21760:
21758:
21755:
21753:
21750:
21748:
21745:
21743:
21740:
21738:
21735:
21733:
21730:
21728:
21725:
21723:
21720:
21718:
21715:
21713:
21710:
21708:
21705:
21703:
21700:
21698:
21695:
21693:
21690:
21688:
21685:
21683:
21680:
21678:
21675:
21673:
21670:
21668:
21665:
21663:
21660:
21658:
21655:
21653:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21643:
21640:
21638:
21635:
21633:
21630:
21628:
21625:
21623:
21619:
21616:
21614:
21611:
21609:
21606:
21604:
21601:
21599:
21596:
21594:
21591:
21589:
21586:
21584:
21581:
21579:
21576:
21572:
21569:
21568:
21567:
21564:
21562:
21559:
21555:
21552:
21551:
21550:
21547:
21543:
21540:
21539:
21538:
21535:
21533:
21530:
21528:
21525:
21523:
21520:
21518:
21515:
21514:
21512:
21510:
21509:South America
21506:
21500:
21497:
21495:
21492:
21490:
21487:
21485:
21482:
21480:
21477:
21475:
21472:
21470:
21467:
21465:
21462:
21460:
21457:
21455:
21452:
21450:
21447:
21445:
21442:
21440:
21437:
21435:
21432:
21430:
21427:
21425:
21422:
21420:
21417:
21415:
21412:
21410:
21407:
21405:
21402:
21400:
21397:
21395:
21392:
21390:
21387:
21385:
21382:
21380:
21377:
21375:
21372:
21370:
21367:
21365:
21362:
21360:
21357:
21355:
21352:
21350:
21347:
21346:
21344:
21342:
21338:
21332:
21331:Weeden Island
21329:
21327:
21324:
21322:
21319:
21317:
21314:
21312:
21309:
21307:
21306:Poverty Point
21304:
21302:
21299:
21297:
21294:
21292:
21289:
21287:
21284:
21282:
21279:
21277:
21274:
21272:
21271:Mississippian
21269:
21267:
21264:
21262:
21259:
21257:
21254:
21252:
21249:
21247:
21244:
21242:
21239:
21237:
21234:
21232:
21229:
21227:
21224:
21222:
21219:
21217:
21214:
21212:
21209:
21207:
21204:
21203:
21201:
21199:
21198:North America
21195:
21189:
21186:
21184:
21181:
21179:
21176:
21174:
21171:
21169:
21168:Paleo-Indians
21166:
21165:
21163:
21159:
21155:
21148:
21143:
21141:
21136:
21134:
21129:
21128:
21125:
21119:
21112:
21089:
21086:
21084:
21081:
21080:
21079:
21076:
21074:
21071:
21069:
21066:
21062:
21059:
21057:
21054:
21053:
21052:
21049:
21047:
21044:
21042:
21039:
21037:
21034:
21032:
21029:
21027:
21024:
21022:
21019:
21017:
21014:
21013:
21010:
21006:
21002:
20995:
20990:
20988:
20983:
20981:
20976:
20975:
20972:
20960:
20959:
20955:
20953:
20952:
20948:
20947:
20944:
20938:
20935:
20933:
20930:
20928:
20925:
20923:
20920:
20918:
20915:
20913:
20910:
20908:
20905:
20901:
20898:
20896:
20893:
20891:
20888:
20886:
20883:
20882:
20881:
20878:
20877:
20875:
20871:
20861:
20858:
20856:
20853:
20851:
20848:
20846:
20843:
20841:
20838:
20836:
20833:
20831:
20828:
20826:
20823:
20821:
20818:
20816:
20813:
20811:
20808:
20806:
20803:
20802:
20800:
20797:
20793:
20792:South America
20789:
20783:
20782:United States
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20714:
20712:
20710:
20709:North America
20706:
20703:
20699:Modern groups
20697:
20689:
20686:
20684:
20681:
20680:
20679:
20676:
20675:
20673:
20667:
20657:
20654:
20652:
20649:
20645:
20642:
20641:
20640:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20631:
20629:
20627:
20623:
20617:
20614:
20612:
20609:
20607:
20604:
20602:
20599:
20598:
20596:
20594:
20590:
20580:
20577:
20575:
20572:
20570:
20567:
20566:
20564:
20562:South America
20560:
20550:
20547:
20545:
20542:
20540:
20537:
20536:
20534:
20530:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20514:
20511:
20509:
20506:
20505:
20503:
20499:
20496:
20492:
20486:
20485:Turtle Island
20483:
20481:
20478:
20476:
20473:
20471:
20468:
20466:
20463:
20461:
20458:
20456:
20453:
20451:
20448:
20447:
20445:
20443:North America
20441:
20435:
20432:
20430:
20427:
20423:
20420:
20419:
20417:
20414:
20413:
20411:
20407:
20402:
20392:
20389:
20387:
20384:
20382:
20379:
20377:
20374:
20372:
20369:
20367:
20366:Paleo-Indians
20364:
20363:
20361:
20357:
20353:
20346:
20341:
20339:
20334:
20332:
20327:
20326:
20323:
20315:
20314:
20308:
20303:
20299:
20297:
20293:
20289:
20286:
20283:
20280:
20278:
20274:
20271:
20269:
20268:
20263:
20259:
20256:
20255:
20245:
20241:
20237:
20235:9780806110035
20231:
20226:
20225:
20218:
20215:
20211:
20208:
20207:
20197:
20193:
20189:
20185:
20181:
20177:
20173:
20169:
20165:
20164:
20158:
20155:
20151:
20147:
20143:
20139:
20135:
20131:
20130:
20124:
20120:
20116:
20112:
20108:
20104:
20100:
20099:
20093:
20089:
20084:
20083:
20071:
20067:
20065:0-02-909840-8
20061:
20057:
20053:
20052:Mircea Eliade
20049:
20044:
20040:
20036:
20032:
20026:
20022:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20007:
20001:
19997:
19996:
19990:
19986:
19980:
19976:
19975:
19969:
19965:
19961:
19957:
19951:
19947:
19946:
19940:
19936:
19930:
19926:
19921:
19917:
19913:
19909:
19905:
19901:
19897:
19893:
19889:
19888:
19882:
19878:
19876:0-09-179148-0
19872:
19868:
19863:
19859:
19855:
19853:0-02-909810-6
19849:
19845:
19841:
19840:Mircea Eliade
19837:
19832:
19820:
19816:
19812:
19808:
19804:
19800:
19796:
19792:
19788:
19784:
19779:
19775:
19771:
19767:
19761:
19757:
19756:
19750:
19746:
19742:
19738:
19732:
19728:
19724:
19719:
19715:
19711:
19707:
19701:
19697:
19696:
19691:
19687:
19683:
19677:
19673:
19668:
19664:
19660:
19656:
19650:
19646:
19644:
19637:
19633:
19627:
19623:
19618:
19617:
19590:
19586:
19582:
19575:
19567:
19563:
19558:
19553:
19549:
19545:
19541:
19537:
19533:
19529:
19528:
19523:
19515:
19507:
19503:
19498:
19493:
19489:
19485:
19481:
19477:
19473:
19469:
19468:
19463:
19455:
19447:
19443:
19438:
19433:
19429:
19425:
19421:
19417:
19413:
19409:
19408:
19403:
19396:
19380:
19376:
19372:
19365:
19349:
19345:
19341:
19337:
19333:
19329:
19325:
19321:
19317:
19313:
19309:
19305:
19301:
19300:
19295:
19287:
19279:
19275:
19270:
19265:
19261:
19257:
19252:
19247:
19243:
19239:
19238:
19233:
19226:
19210:
19206:
19202:
19198:
19194:
19190:
19186:
19182:
19175:
19168:
19156:
19152:
19148:
19141:
19134:
19121:
19117:
19113:
19109:
19105:
19101:
19097:
19093:
19089:
19085:
19081:
19077:
19073:
19072:
19067:
19060:
19053:
19048:
19044:
19039:
19034:
19030:
19026:
19022:
19018:
19014:
19010:
19009:
19004:
18996:
18980:
18976:
18972:
18966:
18958:
18954:
18950:
18946:
18942:
18938:
18934:
18930:
18929:
18924:
18917:
18901:
18897:
18893:
18889:
18885:
18881:
18877:
18876:
18871:
18863:
18855:
18851:
18846:
18841:
18837:
18833:
18829:
18825:
18821:
18817:
18813:
18809:
18808:
18803:
18795:
18787:
18783:
18778:
18773:
18769:
18765:
18761:
18757:
18756:
18751:
18743:
18735:
18731:
18727:
18723:
18720:(1): 551–83.
18719:
18715:
18714:
18706:
18698:
18694:
18689:
18684:
18680:
18676:
18673:(3): 718–26.
18672:
18668:
18667:
18662:
18655:
18647:
18643:
18638:
18633:
18630:(1): 164–75.
18629:
18625:
18624:
18619:
18612:
18604:
18600:
18595:
18590:
18585:
18580:
18576:
18572:
18568:
18564:
18563:
18558:
18551:
18535:
18531:
18525:
18509:
18505:
18501:
18494:
18488:
18484:
18481:
18468:
18464:
18460:
18453:
18438:
18432:
18428:
18424:
18423:
18415:
18407:
18403:
18399:
18395:
18391:
18387:
18382:
18377:
18374:(2): 99–123.
18373:
18369:
18368:
18360:
18341:
18337:
18330:
18328:
18312:
18306:
18302:
18295:
18294:
18286:
18278:
18274:
18269:
18264:
18260:
18256:
18252:
18248:
18247:
18242:
18234:
18215:
18211:
18207:
18203:
18199:
18195:
18191:
18187:
18186:
18178:
18171:
18169:
18152:
18148:
18144:
18137:
18135:
18118:
18114:
18110:
18103:
18101:
18092:
18086:
18082:
18081:
18073:
18066:
18062:
18058:
18054:
18050:
18049:
18044:
18037:
18021:
18017:
18011:
18007:
18003:
17996:
17994:
17985:
17981:
17976:
17971:
17967:
17963:
17960:(2): 339–48.
17959:
17955:
17954:
17949:
17942:
17934:
17930:
17925:
17920:
17916:
17912:
17907:
17902:
17898:
17894:
17890:
17886:
17885:
17880:
17872:
17864:
17860:
17856:
17852:
17848:
17844:
17839:
17834:
17830:
17826:
17825:
17820:
17812:
17796:
17792:
17791:
17786:
17779:
17771:
17767:
17760:
17752:
17746:
17742:
17738:
17731:
17715:
17711:
17710:
17705:
17699:
17691:
17687:
17686:
17681:
17674:
17667:
17654:
17650:
17646:
17642:
17638:
17634:
17630:
17626:
17625:
17624:Human Biology
17620:
17613:
17596:
17592:
17591:
17586:
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17564:
17559:
17554:
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17506:
17490:
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17479:
17471:
17467:
17461:
17457:
17453:
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17444:
17428:
17424:
17420:
17414:
17406:
17402:
17397:
17392:
17388:
17384:
17380:
17376:
17372:
17368:
17364:
17356:
17347:
17336:
17332:
17328:
17324:
17317:
17310:
17301:
17285:
17281:
17275:
17267:
17263:
17262:
17257:
17250:
17234:
17230:
17223:
17221:
17213:
17209:
17206:
17200:
17193:
17187:
17180:
17179:Pulso Bolivia
17175:(in Spanish).
17174:
17166:
17164:
17147:
17143:
17142:
17137:
17131:
17115:
17111:
17105:
17103:
17094:
17087:
17079:
17073:
17069:
17065:
17058:
17051:
17047:
17044:
17038:
17031:
17027:
17024:
17018:
17011:
17007:
17004:
16997:
16981:
16977:
16971:
16964:
16961:
16957:
16954:
16949:
16942:
16939:
16935:
16932:
16927:
16911:
16907:
16900:
16891:
16883:
16879:
16875:
16871:
16867:
16863:
16862:
16854:
16852:
16850:
16833:
16829:
16825:
16819:
16803:
16799:
16792:
16776:
16772:
16771:
16766:
16760:
16744:
16740:
16736:
16730:
16714:
16710:
16706:
16699:
16683:
16679:
16678:
16673:
16667:
16665:
16663:
16661:
16652:
16648:
16643:
16638:
16633:
16628:
16624:
16620:
16616:
16612:
16611:
16606:
16599:
16580:
16573:
16567:
16551:
16547:
16541:
16526:
16522:
16518:
16512:
16503:
16497:
16481:
16477:
16473:
16467:
16459:(779 KB)
16451:
16444:
16438:
16419:
16415:
16414:INEGI, México
16408:
16402:
16386:
16382:
16378:
16372:
16356:
16352:
16348:
16342:
16323:
16319:
16311:
16305:
16289:
16285:
16281:
16275:
16256:
16248:
16242:
16231:
16223:
16217:
16211:
16207:
16202:
16195:
16180:
16172:
16166:
16146:
16138:
16132:
16124:
16120:
16115:
16110:
16105:
16100:
16096:
16092:
16088:
16084:
16083:
16082:PLOS Genetics
16078:
16070:
16062:
16058:
16053:
16048:
16043:
16038:
16034:
16030:
16026:
16022:
16021:
16016:
16008:
15992:
15988:
15984:
15978:
15962:
15958:
15954:
15953:
15948:
15942:
15934:
15930:
15929:
15924:
15918:
15902:
15898:
15894:
15888:
15873:
15866:
15860:
15852:
15848:
15847:
15842:
15835:
15831:
15827:
15823:
15815:
15811:
15807:
15803:
15802:
15797:
15790:
15786:
15782:
15778:
15777:
15768:
15764:
15760:
15756:
15755:
15747:
15739:
15733:
15729:
15725:
15724:
15716:
15700:
15696:
15692:
15686:
15671:
15665:
15661:
15660:
15652:
15636:
15629:
15614:
15608:
15604:
15603:
15595:
15580:
15574:
15570:
15569:
15561:
15545:
15541:
15535:
15529:
15524:
15518:, p. 10.
15517:
15512:
15496:
15492:
15488:
15482:
15466:
15462:
15458:
15452:
15433:
15426:
15420:
15404:
15400:
15399:
15394:
15388:
15369:
15362:
15356:
15345:
15337:
15331:
15329:
15320:
15316:
15312:
15311:
15306:
15300:
15284:
15280:
15276:
15270:
15251:
15247:
15239:
15233:
15226:
15222:
15221:
15216:
15212:
15209:
15204:
15197:
15193:
15192:
15187:
15183:
15180:
15175:
15167:
15163:
15159:
15158:
15153:
15147:
15139:
15133:
15125:
15121:
15114:
15112:
15110:
15101:
15097:
15093:
15092:
15087:
15081:
15062:
15054:
15048:
15040:
15036:
15032:
15031:
15026:
15020:
15013:
15009:
15003:
14996:
14992:
14988:
14987:
14982:
14976:
14960:
14956:
14952:
14946:
14938:
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14865:
14861:
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14852:
14847:
14840:
14832:
14828:
14824:
14823:
14818:
14817:"Puerto Rico"
14812:
14804:
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14776:
14772:
14768:
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14762:
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14039:
14032:
14024:
14020:
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13994:
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13978:
13974:
13970:
13966:
13962:
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13953:
13946:
13927:
13923:
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13914:
13909:
13904:
13899:
13895:
13891:
13887:
13883:
13882:
13874:
13866:
13858:
13854:
13847:
13841:
13837:
13832:
13824:
13818:
13814:
13810:
13805:
13804:
13795:
13779:
13775:
13771:
13764:
13757:
13745:
13743:9780826327741
13739:
13735:
13731:
13727:
13720:
13713:
13702:
13700:9780391042063
13696:
13692:
13688:
13684:
13680:
13679:Newson, Linda
13674:
13666:
13660:
13656:
13652:
13651:
13643:
13635:
13629:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13599:
13595:
13591:
13587:
13586:
13581:
13574:
13558:
13554:
13550:
13543:
13537:
13533:
13530:
13525:
13521:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13501:
13497:
13493:
13489:
13485:
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13472:
13456:
13452:
13450:
13442:
13434:
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13425:
13420:
13416:
13412:
13408:
13404:
13400:
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13390:
13383:
13375:
13371:
13366:
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13357:
13353:
13349:
13345:
13341:
13337:
13336:
13331:
13324:
13316:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13298:
13294:
13290:
13286:
13282:
13278:
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13272:
13264:
13248:
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13232:
13228:
13224:
13220:
13216:
13215:
13210:
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13177:
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13044:
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13028:
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13023:
13015:
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13004:
13000:
12996:
12992:
12988:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12975:
12966:
12959:
12955:
12952:74(1):20–35.
12951:
12950:
12945:
12941:
12938:
12932:
12930:
12928:
12926:
12924:
12922:
12920:
12918:
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12907:
12903:
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12893:
12877:
12873:
12867:
12851:
12847:
12843:
12836:
12828:
12824:
12820:
12816:
12812:
12808:
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12800:
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12773:
12767:
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12735:
12731:
12727:
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12716:
12700:
12696:
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12675:
12659:
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12637:
12633:
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12627:
12620:
12612:
12608:
12602:
12586:
12582:
12575:
12568:
12564:
12558:
12549:
12533:
12529:
12523:
12515:
12511:
12505:
12497:
12493:
12492:
12491:New Scientist
12487:
12481:
12465:
12461:
12455:
12439:
12435:
12431:
12425:
12417:
12411:
12407:
12403:
12402:
12394:
12378:
12374:
12370:
12364:
12348:
12344:
12340:
12334:
12326:
12320:
12317:. p. 1.
12316:
12312:
12305:
12289:
12285:
12279:
12264:
12258:
12254:
12253:
12245:
12230:
12224:
12220:
12216:
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12207:
12199:
12195:
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12187:
12180:
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12156:
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12148:
12142:
12134:
12128:
12124:
12120:
12119:
12111:
12103:
12097:
12093:
12089:
12088:
12080:
12072:
12065:
12057:
12053:
12049:
12045:
12041:
12037:
12030:
12028:
12026:
12024:
12015:
12009:
12001:
11995:
11991:
11984:
11982:
11973:
11967:
11963:
11959:
11958:
11953:
11947:
11932:
11926:
11922:
11918:
11917:
11909:
11901:
11899:9780804151757
11895:
11891:
11890:
11886:
11878:
11859:
11855:
11854:
11846:
11843:Munro, John.
11839:
11823:
11819:
11818:
11813:
11806:
11790:
11786:
11782:
11778:
11771:
11763:
11759:
11755:
11749:
11745:
11741:
11737:
11731:
11723:
11719:
11715:
11711:
11707:
11703:
11699:
11695:
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11687:
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11678:
11670:
11666:
11662:
11658:
11654:
11650:
11646:
11642:
11638:
11634:
11633:
11625:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11608:
11604:
11603:Gordon Willey
11599:
11593:
11585:
11581:
11577:
11571:
11567:
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11559:
11553:
11537:
11533:
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11527:
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11467:
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11455:
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11376:
11372:
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11364:
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11334:
11330:
11323:
11308:
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11262:
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11200:
11192:
11188:
11184:
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11106:
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11098:
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11090:
11086:
11082:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11063:
11055:
11051:
11047:
11043:
11039:
11035:
11031:
11027:
11023:
11019:
11015:
11007:
10992:
10988:
10981:
10979:
10977:
10968:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10940:
10936:
10932:
10925:
10917:
10911:
10907:
10903:
10899:
10892:
10877:
10873:
10866:
10864:
10847:
10843:
10837:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10801:
10794:
10779:
10775:
10769:
10754:on 1 May 2011
10753:
10749:
10743:
10727:
10723:
10716:
10708:
10702:
10698:
10697:
10689:
10681:
10675:
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10650:
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10636:
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10628:
10627:
10619:
10611:
10607:
10603:
10599:
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10591:
10587:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10574:
10566:
10559:
10544:
10543:
10538:
10534:
10528:
10509:
10505:
10501:
10497:
10493:
10489:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10471:
10467:
10463:
10459:
10458:
10450:
10443:
10441:
10432:
10426:
10422:
10421:
10413:
10405:
10404:
10399:
10395:
10389:
10381:
10375:
10371:
10364:
10348:
10344:
10340:
10334:
10318:
10314:
10310:
10304:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10274:
10258:
10254:
10250:
10244:
10236:
10230:
10226:
10222:
10221:
10216:
10209:
10201:
10197:
10193:
10189:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10172:
10167:
10160:
10152:
10150:90-04-07850-9
10146:
10142:
10141:Brill Archive
10138:
10131:
10123:
10117:
10113:
10109:
10102:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10071:
10069:
10060:
10054:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10040:
10034:
10032:
10024:
10009:
10005:
9998:
9992:
9976:
9972:
9971:
9966:
9960:
9958:
9941:
9937:
9933:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9914:
9912:
9898:
9894:
9890:
9889:"Terminology"
9884:
9868:
9864:
9860:
9853:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9822:
9806:
9802:
9798:
9791:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9761:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9734:Reid, Basil.
9730:
9723:
9720:
9716:
9713:
9699:
9695:
9691:
9690:"Terminology"
9685:
9666:
9662:
9661:
9653:
9647:
9631:
9627:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9612:
9604:
9588:
9584:
9583:
9578:
9572:
9557:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9533:
9526:
9518:
9512:
9508:
9507:
9499:
9491:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9473:
9472:
9464:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9434:
9418:
9414:
9413:
9408:
9404:
9398:
9383:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9368:
9360:
9349:
9345:
9338:
9332:
9323:
9315:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9274:
9269:
9262:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9231:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9196:
9189:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9162:
9154:
9150:
9149:
9141:
9133:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9117:
9111:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9089:
9073:
9069:
9065:
9059:
9052:
9047:
9040:
9035:
9019:
9015:
9009:
8990:
8983:
8977:
8958:
8951:
8945:
8928:
8924:
8918:
8899:
8892:
8886:
8870:
8866:
8860:
8841:
8834:
8828:
8809:
8802:
8796:
8794:
8777:
8774:(in French).
8773:
8766:
8747:
8740:
8734:
8715:
8708:
8702:
8683:
8676:
8670:
8650:
8643:
8637:
8618:
8614:
8608:
8589:
8582:
8576:
8557:
8553:
8547:
8528:
8520:
8514:
8495:
8487:
8481:
8464:
8456:
8450:
8431:
8423:
8417:
8398:
8390:
8384:
8369:
8365:
8359:
8340:
8332:
8326:
8307:
8300:
8294:
8286:
8282:
8276:
8257:
8249:
8243:
8235:
8228:
8222:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8176:
8168:
8162:
8141:
8133:
8127:
8125:
8113:
8107:
8087:
8079:
8073:
8057:
8050:
8044:
8028:
8021:
8015:
8011:
8000:
7997:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7946:North America
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7709:
7706:
7695:
7687:
7677:
7675:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7648:
7644:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7620:
7618:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7571:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7544:
7543:populations.
7542:
7538:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7446:
7445:Central Asian
7442:
7437:
7435:
7431:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7391:
7384:
7380:
7375:
7367:
7362:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7339:Aymara people
7336:
7332:
7327:
7325:
7321:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7305:Benito Juárez
7301:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7287:
7286:Simon Bolivar
7283:
7279:
7275:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7194:
7189:
7187:
7182:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7168:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7003:Co-governance
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6697:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:Treaty rights
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6482:
6481:Timoto-cuicas
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6411:
6401:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6356:
6352:
6351:Sacred Valley
6348:
6343:
6338:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6307:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6277:
6267:
6265:
6261:
6254:French Guiana
6251:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5972:Easter Island
5969:
5965:
5956:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5930:
5928:
5923:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5858:
5856:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5783:, 2 million;
5782:
5778:
5773:
5771:
5766:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5738:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5691:(4,511), the
5690:
5687:(6,739), the
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5589:
5582:South America
5579:
5577:
5576:
5575:corregimiento
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5490:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5368:to the east,
5367:
5363:
5359:
5358:Caribbean Sea
5355:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5255:A Mayan woman
5253:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5176:, Xinca, and
5175:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5156:, El Salvador
5155:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5064:mixed African
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4936:blood quantum
4933:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4783:United States
4780:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:Hernán Cortés
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:provides for
4329:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:First Nations
4252:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4211:North America
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:French Guiana
3993:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:United States
3513:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3360:double basses
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3324:Alaska Native
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:First Nations
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:and singing.
3218:
3214:
3206:
3193:
3192:Chimu culture
3189:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3157:Music and art
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3105:New Philology
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:Aztec culture
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3047:Aztec codices
3044:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2919:South America
2916:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2885:cultural area
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2854:carminic acid
2851:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:Muscovy ducks
2778:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:chili peppers
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2385:
2378:
2377:George Catlin
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2199:Southern Cone
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:Hernán Cortés
2079:
2074:
2072:
2069:in 1614, and
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1996:(1511–1529).
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Nahua peoples
1874:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:North America
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1804:compass point
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1777:Nahua peoples
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Moche culture
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:United States
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:North America
1611:
1606:
1602:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:South America
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:Paleo-Indians
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:North America
1445:
1444:Paleo-Indians
1441:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1423:based on the
1422:
1417:
1410:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1340:Lake Titicaca
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:women in the
1311:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1214:. In Brazil,
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:First Nations
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:Yupik peoples
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
982:
978:
974:
969:
962:
958:
953:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:United States
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
798:pre-Columbian
795:
791:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
692:
690:
678:
674:
672:
660:
656:
654:
642:
638:
636:
624:
620:
618:
606:
602:
600:
588:
584:
582:
570:
567:13,310 (2007)
566:
564:
552:
548:
546:
545:French Guiana
535:
532:19,839 (2010)
531:
529:
517:
514:
511:
509:
497:
494:36,507 (2010)
493:
491:
479:
475:
472:
470:
458:
454:
451:
449:
437:
433:
430:
428:
416:
412:
409:
407:
395:
391:
388:
386:
374:
370:
368:
356:
353:
350:
348:
336:
332:
329:
327:
315:
311:
308:
306:
294:
290:
287:
285:
273:
269:
266:
264:
252:
248:
245:
243:
231:
227:
224:
222:
210:
206:
203:
201:
189:
185:
182:
180:
168:
164:
161:
159:
158:United States
147:
143:
140:
138:
126:
122:
119:
117:
105:
101:
99:
87:
83:
80:
78:
66:
61:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
27:
19:
26137:Xenocentrism
26095:Ethnic riots
26080:Ethnic slurs
26070:Ethnic party
26033:Ideology and
25953:Ethnic media
25895:White ethnic
25888:Neotribalism
25843:Nation state
25788:Ethnofiction
25719:ethnogenesis
25690:
25683:
25664:
25633:Central Asia
25625:
25583:
25578:
25571:
25554:
25527:Ethnoscience
25517:Ethnopoetics
25465:Ethnohistory
25403:Ethnogeology
25391:Ethnozoology
25381:Ethnoecology
25371:Ethnobiology
25356:Anthropology
25308:Panethnicity
25224:Ethnic group
25135:
24776:Puerto Rican
24695:Demographics
24624:
24602:
24587:
24572:
24557:
24542:
24264:wedge-shaped
24249:Funeral pyre
24242:Great dolmen
24198:Chamber tomb
24179:Round barrow
24134:Stone circle
24006:Blombos Cave
23934:Grooved ware
23858:Chalcolithic
23762:Thornborough
23680:Flush toilet
23615:Blombos Cave
23610:Rock shelter
23566:Quiggly hole
23458:Architecture
23433:illustration
23075:Buffalo jump
22896:Storage pits
22859:Aşıklı Höyük
22849:Ground stone
22685:Subdivisions
22600:
22533:
22383:Moctezuma II
22340:Inca history
22265:Andean Music
22209:Architecture
22204:Architecture
22199:Architecture
22194:Architecture
22190:Architecture
22184:Gender Roles
21929:Tenochtitlan
21852:Timoto–Cuica
21847:Tierradentro
21632:Casma–Sechin
21364:Chalcatzingo
21187:
21083:Aridoamerica
21061:Southeastern
21056:Northeastern
21004:
20956:
20949:
20671:colonization
20475:The red road
20465:Medicine man
20460:Great Spirit
20351:
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20068:– via
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19790:
19787:The Americas
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14078:(2): 14–28.
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11465:The Guardian
11463:
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11438:
11428:
11409:
11406:"Pre-Clovis"
11399:
11366:
11363:PaleoAmerica
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10631:Dissertation
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10533:Zimmer, Carl
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9068:www.gale.com
9067:
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9051:Zerries 1987
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8058:(in Spanish)
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8031:. Retrieved
8029:(in Spanish)
8026:
8014:
7653:
7621:
7572:
7545:
7501:
7462:
7438:
7432:and related
7430:human genome
7396:
7328:
7317:
7302:
7271:
7237:
7226:
7214:Amazon Basin
7202:
6963:
6873:Amazon Watch
6588:
6546:Guanahatabey
6540:of parts of
6511:
6485:
6450:
6442:Warao family
6413:
6383:
6360:
6355:Cuzco Region
6309:
6295:
6279:
6257:
6248:Jamil Mahuad
6246:in 1997 and
6229:
6198:
6193:
6166:
6136:
6091:
6084:ethnic group
6058:
6052:relaxing in
6004:
5978:and live in
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5508:
5507:
5500:girl in the
5473:Xiu-Subtiaba
5462:
5451:
5402:Cabo Camarón
5391:
5343:
5330:
5294:
5258:
5194:fertile land
5163:
5159:
5125:
5122:
5087:
5037:
4959:Pascua Yaqui
4948:
4924:
4901:
4842:
4778:
4759:human rights
4749:
4743:marathon in
4708:
4661:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4602:Tenochtitlan
4543:
4541:
4437:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4382:
4375:couple from
4306:
4279:
4249:
3393:
3388:
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3379:
3375:
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3333:
3266:
3253:
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3134:
3132:
3112:Wiigwaasabak
3109:
3085:
3050:
3045:
3026:
3012:symbols and
3003:logosyllabic
2996:
2973:
2927:
2881:
2848:
2840:domesticated
2829:
2817:Oasisamerica
2814:
2804:
2793:
2774:
2751:
2723:Carolina dog
2712:
2693:
2641:bell peppers
2639:, including
2634:
2623:strawberries
2583:tepary beans
2579:common beans
2572:
2561:acorn squash
2538:
2511:
2495:
2479:Classic Maya
2476:
2468:Linda Newson
2463:
2453:
2439:
2432:
2421:
2402:mesoamerican
2400:The ancient
2337:
2335:
2331:binge eating
2298:
2289:
2285:colonization
2280:
2279:
2240:, including
2211:
2191:Aridoamerica
2179:Great Plains
2160:
2153:
2148:
2121:Lake Ontario
2109:
2098:
2094:yellow fever
2090:
2086:Aztec Empire
2075:
2051:Huayna Capac
2032:
2021:
1998:
1963:
1935:
1931:
1896:Minas Gerais
1870:
1797:
1785:Tenochtitlan
1781:
1768:oral history
1733:
1693:Teotihuacano
1678:Mesoamerican
1671:
1575:DNA analysis
1529:
1511:
1465:and western
1430:
1390:AP Stylebook
1388:
1385:
1365:
1352:
1348:
1278:
1261:
1165:
1126:
1105:
1087:
1070:
1068:
1005:
986:
906:
819:
787:
755:), various
745:Christianity
621:1,394 (2011)
29:Ethnic group
26:
26065:Ethnic joke
25873:Tribal name
25858:Origin myth
25833:Mythomoteur
25763:Ethnic flag
25748:Development
25433:Netnography
25408:Ethnography
25398:Ethnocinema
25376:Ethnobotany
25303:Nationality
25110:In politics
24799:Costa Rican
24286:unchambered
24281:Long barrow
24271:Grave goods
24227:Court cairn
24222:Clava cairn
24174:Bowl barrow
24112:Rock cupule
24055:Golden hats
24048:Hill figure
23949:Unstan ware
23929:Cord-marked
23794:Sweet Track
23716:Burnt mound
23637:Stilt house
23625:Sibudu Cave
23418:Tally stick
23386:Quern-stone
23371:Hammerstone
23361:Fire plough
23332:Pesse canoe
23290:Bannerstone
23260:Other tools
23173:Lithic core
23121:Aurignacian
23009:Bare Island
22891:Quern-stone
22446:Túpac Amaru
22430:Manco Cápac
22379:Moctezuma I
22290:Agriculture
22285:Agriculture
22280:Agriculture
22271:Agriculture
22214:Road System
22103:Mathematics
21968:Muysc Cubun
21822:San Agustín
21772:Monte Verde
21449:Teotihuacan
21341:Mesoamerica
21236:Coles Creek
21221:Anishinaabe
21178:Archaeology
21088:Mesoamerica
21041:Great Basin
20880:Ethnobotany
20737:El Salvador
20639:Visual arts
20508:Cosmovision
20494:Mesoamerica
20455:Fifth World
20416:Mythologies
20381:Archaeology
20359:Pre-history
20105:(1): 3–13.
19674:. Xlibris.
19474:(1): 1–14.
18540:22 November
18473:18 November
18442:21 November
18349:21 November
18316:21 November
18157:7 September
18123:7 September
18026:1 September
17601:21 December
17373:(1): 9247.
17239:12 February
17192:Los Tiempos
16739:Ipsnews.net
16427:13 December
16294:29 December
16264:29 December
15967:28 December
15641:27 November
15377:18 February
14686:11 December
14514:17 February
14002:2 September
13989:11336/25319
13935:7 September
13811:. pp.
13618:19 November
13529:Lay summary
13342:(1): 1–10.
12805:(2): 9–35.
12591:23 February
12460:"Epidemics"
11867:26 December
11828:26 December
11795:26 December
10996:19 December
10881:19 December
10852:17 November
10403:Smithsonian
10017:11 November
9903:11 November
9811:10 February
9780:10 February
9750:10 February
9544:. pp.
9439:Zimmer, Ben
9078:17 December
7844:Indian Mass
7568:populations
7485:blood types
7454:Lake Baikal
7414:matrilineal
7410:patrilineal
7335:Evo Morales
7296:during the
7259:Evo Morales
7136:Philippines
7116:New Zealand
6788:initiatives
6664:Land rights
6579:Philippines
6558:Puerto Rico
6548:of western
6363:2017 Census
6285:as well as
5918:is second.
5837:Evo Morales
5787:, 181,000;
5677:Comechingón
5631:, Argentina
5558:Ngäbe-Buglé
5424:, Spanish,
5216:Panchimalco
5198:El Salvador
5182:El Salvador
5166:El Salvador
5154:Panchimalco
5148:Indigenous
5130:El Salvador
5007:Anishinaabe
4912:Marshallese
4518:woman from
4456:Kalaallisut
4385:Kalaallisut
4379:, Greenland
3733:Saint Lucia
3673:Puerto Rico
3404:Indigenous
3124:Anishinaabe
3033:logographic
2976:Mesoamerica
2964:Maya glyphs
2889:Mesoamerica
2842:to produce
2825:Mesoamerica
2806:Guinea pigs
2764:, like the
2754:Fuegian dog
2685:cranberries
2681:blueberries
2611:cocoa beans
2522:fruit trees
2345:Agriculture
2236:Map of all
2187:Great Basin
2028:Catholicism
1907: 1824
1842:at time of
1789:Mexico City
1750:during the
1717:Inca Empire
1564:Pleistocene
1560:archaeology
1538:Cordilleran
1523:Pleistocene
1495:blood types
1473:during the
1452:North Asian
1437:Paleolithic
1435:began when
1114:term of art
1104:. The term
1075:portmanteau
1008:West Indies
1001:East Indies
957:West Indies
947:Terminology
894:subsistence
811:aquaculture
635:Saint Lucia
563:El Salvador
528:Puerto Rico
26184:Categories
26147:Xenophobia
26142:Xenophilia
26117:Indigenism
26045:Allophilia
25978:Ethnocracy
25868:Statistext
25803:Historical
25696:Indigenous
25648:South Asia
25584:Indigenous
25318:Population
25052:New Mexico
25047:New Jersey
25005:California
24974:Christians
24889:Venezuelan
24874:Paraguayan
24869:Ecuadorian
24824:Salvadoran
24819:Panamanian
24814:Nicaraguan
24804:Guatemalan
24728:Floridanos
24711:Californio
24425:trepanning
24318:Ring cairn
24276:Jar burial
24259:transepted
24191:U.S. sites
24092:Petroglyph
24018:Bird stone
23976:wine press
23649:Stone roof
23632:Roundhouse
23524:long house
23501:Stonehenge
23469:Ceremonial
23413:Stone tool
23240:Tool stone
23210:Metallurgy
23114:Mousterian
23091:Toolmaking
23029:Cumberland
23002:Transverse
22972:Schöningen
22864:Qesem cave
22832:Earth oven
22786:Irrigation
22697:Technology
22665:Prehistory
22417:Tisquesusa
22391:Cuauhtémoc
22387:Cuitláhuac
21717:Lauricocha
21687:Gran Chaco
21677:Cupisnique
21662:Chinchorro
21637:Chachapoya
21627:Caral–Supe
21469:Tlaxcaltec
21459:Teuchitlán
21374:Chupícuaro
21301:Plum Bayou
21296:Plaquemine
21266:Marksville
21231:Chichimeca
21036:California
20922:Philosophy
20727:Costa Rica
20701:by country
20532:Variations
20523:World tree
20480:Totem pole
20450:Arborglyph
19244:: e85492.
19215:26 January
19161:26 January
18985:26 January
18906:26 January
18514:23 January
17891:(1): 127.
17551:: 87–125.
17321:(Report).
17066:. Durham:
16986:3 December
16916:29 January
16868:(2): 4–9.
16838:5 November
16808:5 November
16781:5 November
16749:5 November
16719:5 November
16688:18 October
16525:Census.gov
16486:8 November
16381:CDI México
16351:CDI México
16318:CDI México
16188:29 January
16154:30 January
15987:Ethnologue
15877:18 October
15409:3 February
14923:"Suriname"
14333:31 January
13749:27 October
13706:27 October
13449:AgExporter
12658:"Iroquois"
12626:"Smallpox"
12444:5 December
12178:L'Histoire
12121:. Norman:
11261:1102541304
11226:1238190784
11191:1031966951
10758:27 January
10732:15 January
10517:5 February
10112:De Gruyter
9712:"Aborigen"
9674:14 January
9478:. p.
9168:"Mestizos"
8966:10 October
8933:12 October
8875:30 January
8849:30 January
8755:30 January
8373:11 January
8348:30 October
8006:References
7564:haplotypes
7558:lineages,
7456:along the
7418:recombines
7359:See also:
7244:free trade
7045:Indigenism
6689:Protection
6544:, and the
6542:Hispaniola
6475:, and the
6316:Gran Chaco
6223:, and the
6207:, and the
6188:, and the
6063:'s mostly
6024:Atacameños
5992:Arauco War
5916:New Guinea
5865:See also:
5844:department
5813:campesinos
5785:Chiquitano
5758:Cochabamba
5735:April 2012
5597:See also:
5542:Indigenous
5515:, are the
5487:See also:
5394:Nicaraguan
5306:Cakchiquel
5268:Indigenous
5224:Nahuizalco
5140:La Matanza
5090:Quitirrisí
5078:Costa Rica
4975:Athabascan
4861:Athabaskan
4849:common use
4684:Purépechas
4409:Indigenous
4407:) are the
4393:Tunumiisut
3366:Demography
3336:liturgical
3292:sculptures
3251:cultures.
3151:Athabaskan
3143:Algonquian
3116:birch bark
3049:(singular
2945:See also:
2725:, and the
2665:brazilwood
2627:pineapples
2587:lima beans
2569:pinto bean
2431:from wild
2349:See also:
2327:depression
2242:gravesites
2228:See also:
2218:mass rapes
2205:, such as
2195:Gran Chaco
2129:West Coast
2067:diphtheria
2005:Enriquillo
1990:encomienda
1970:Hispaniola
1820:See also:
1711:; and the
1548:as far as
1534:Laurentide
1446:) entered
1342:, west of
1071:Amerindian
1024:Portuguese
852:, and the
753:Protestant
716:Portuguese
675:162 (2011)
657:327 (2011)
639:951 (2010)
406:Costa Rica
82:11,800,247
26107:Ethnocide
25973:Ethnoburb
25878:Tribalism
25666:Australia
25658:West Asia
25638:East Asia
25609:Caribbean
25594:Greenland
25475:Ethnology
25348:Ethnology
25286:Influence
25205:Ethnicity
25010:San Diego
24993:By region
24884:Uruguayan
24864:Colombian
24854:Brazilian
24844:Argentine
24781:Nuyorican
24771:Dominican
24759:Caribbean
24529:continent
24469:symbolism
24333:Tor cairn
24291:Grønsalen
24232:Cremation
24124:Sculpture
24102:Pictogram
24087:Petroform
23907:amber use
23875:Cosmetics
23685:Reservoir
23670:Check dam
23600:Pueblitos
23595:Pit-house
23578:Longhouse
23512:Dwellings
23381:Microlith
23312:Bow drill
23307:Bone tool
23300:prismatic
23109:Acheulean
23024:Cresswell
22997:Arrowhead
22923:Boomerang
22839:Granaries
22801:Terracing
22680:Stone Age
22438:Atahualpa
22434:Pachacuti
22409:Nemequene
22275:Chinampas
22097:Astronomy
22086:Astronomy
22066:Mythology
22061:Mythology
22056:Mythology
22051:Mythology
22047:Mythology
21877:Wankarani
21867:Tuncahuán
21757:Marajoara
21712:Las Vegas
21598:Atacameño
21494:Xochipala
21434:Purépecha
21394:Epi-Olmec
21384:Cuicuilco
21326:Troyville
21316:St. Johns
21073:Caribbean
21068:Southwest
21021:Subarctic
20917:Movements
20912:Languages
20860:Venezuela
20805:Argentina
20767:Nicaragua
20747:Guatemala
20742:Greenland
20429:Religions
20275:from the
20244:483932822
20150:145563973
20119:144208459
20017:(2004) .
19964:318358852
19908:0882-4371
19815:143708252
19807:0003-1615
19745:427474742
19663:175217515
19548:0092-8674
19488:1088-9051
19428:1759-6653
19328:1476-4687
19260:2050-084X
19205:1563-0110
19116:235460793
19100:1476-4687
19029:0092-8674
18949:0198-8859
18836:1476-4687
18376:CiteSeerX
17915:1471-2148
17863:218710761
17847:0092-8674
17801:15 August
17741:Zed Books
17709:El Tiempo
17649:159266278
17522:5 January
17495:9 October
16391:2 October
16361:2 October
16331:2 October
15907:7 October
15828:(1): 10.
15705:2 October
15675:3 October
15618:3 October
15584:3 October
15550:2 October
15305:"Uruguay"
15152:"Ecuador"
15025:"Bolivia"
14965:15 August
14761:"Grenada"
14628:31 August
14596:31 August
14092:0887-3631
13967:: 14–18.
13857:MIT Press
13607:10925/320
13415:0376-8716
13356:1099-9809
13297:0277-9536
13253:10 August
13235:0277-9536
13176:1363-4615
13097:2161-1912
13043:1573-3610
12995:0096-882X
12827:154875430
12642:18 August
12153:. p. 48.
12008:cite book
11936:7 October
11476:11 August
11391:239853925
11383:2055-5563
11156:220717778
11105:220715918
11054:220697089
10828:162243347
10649:247052631
10548:3 January
10474:CiteSeerX
10200:146687944
10192:0010-4175
10081:HillNotes
9593:13 August
9577:Grey, CGP
9296:1664-8021
9253:1405-1435
9153:NYU Press
8211:17 August
8156:(25,222).
7924:Caribbean
7859:Shamanism
7617:Greenland
7579:New World
7525:Mongolian
7499:studies.
7493:molecular
7487:, and in
7422:Autosomal
7156:Venezuela
7081:Australia
7076:Argentina
7068:Countries
6988:Biopiracy
6928:Land Back
6599:Tlaxcalan
6502:Caribbean
6486:The 1999
6469:Ya̧nomamö
6446:Venezuela
6426:Venezuela
6250:in 2000.
6108:empires.
6093:El Dorado
5984:Araucanía
5817:Katarista
5760:, Bolivia
5681:Tehuelche
5665:Calchaquí
5593:Argentina
5554:Guna Yala
5465:Chorotega
5388:Nicaragua
5285:Kaqchikel
5260:Guatemala
5246:Guatemala
5230:Guatemala
5202:Guatemala
5190:Cuzcatlan
5098:Chorotega
5023:Penobscot
4995:Blackfeet
4987:Tsimshian
4908:Hawaiians
4889:Tsimshian
4621:mestizaje
4617:New Spain
4590:Michoacán
4586:Purépecha
4538:, Chiapas
4520:Zacatecas
4452:Kalaallit
4413:Greenland
4389:kalaallit
4355:Greenland
4183:Venezuela
3823:Argentina
3537:>2.9%
3532:>1.8%
3433:Greenland
3341:polyphony
3280:paintings
3135:syllabics
3014:logograms
2935:Delawares
2931:Chippewas
2899:Languages
2850:Cochineal
2785:Puna ibis
2743:Chiribaya
2727:Chihuahua
2713:Numerous
2703:Menominee
2645:jalapeños
2615:chocolate
2574:Phaseolus
2442:cultivars
2405:engraving
2214:epidemics
2084:over the
2063:influenza
2043:New World
2039:Old World
1623:Greenland
1526:megafauna
1503:molecular
1497:, and in
1471:sea level
1450:from the
1322:Venezuela
1253:aborígene
1241:Aborígene
1217:indígenas
1202:Argentina
1173:indígenas
1069:The term
842:Guatemala
815:chiefdoms
698:Languages
469:Greenland
367:Nicaragua
305:Venezuela
289:1,227,642
268:1,301,887
247:1,306,730
242:Argentina
226:1,807,250
205:1,905,617
184:2,185,792
163:3,727,135
142:4,176,647
121:5,972,606
98:Guatemala
26127:Nativism
25793:Ethnonym
25758:Ethnarch
25714:Identity
25701:European
25579:Americas
25423:Critical
25418:Clinical
25212:Concepts
25153:Category
25065:Portland
25057:New York
25032:Maryland
25022:Colorado
24930:Galician
24920:Canarian
24910:Asturian
24898:European
24879:Peruvian
24849:Bolivian
24809:Honduran
24107:Rock art
24070:painting
24043:Geoglyph
23868:timeline
23848:Beadwork
23588:Mehrgarh
23583:Mudbrick
23491:megalith
23366:Fire-saw
23188:debitage
23183:analysis
23151:Hand axe
23131:Cupstone
22709:Glossary
22670:Timeline
22534:See also
22452:Conquest
22425:Zoratama
22092:Calendar
22081:Calendar
22076:Calendar
22072:Calendar
22041:Religion
22036:Religion
22025:Religion
22014:Religion
22010:Religion
21999:Numerals
21993:Numerals
21954:Language
21934:Multiple
21872:Valdivia
21857:Tiwanaku
21817:Saladoid
21812:Quimbaya
21702:Kuhikugu
21682:Diaguita
21672:Chorrera
21489:Veraguas
21484:Veracruz
21464:Tlatilco
21276:Mogollon
21183:Cultures
21161:Americas
20951:Category
20907:Identity
20890:Iroquois
20885:Cherokee
20850:Suriname
20840:Paraguay
20825:Colombia
20752:Honduras
20732:Dominica
20669:European
20644:Painting
20606:Colombia
20518:Religion
20513:Creation
20386:Genetics
20304:(1911).
20184:26162189
20090:: 25–61.
20039:76909908
19819:Archived
19774:50841012
19714:35029491
19692:(1997).
19566:30415837
19506:27965293
19446:38526010
19437:10999361
19379:Archived
19348:Archived
19336:29323294
19278:37057893
19269:10310323
19209:Archived
19155:Archived
19120:Archived
19108:34135521
19047:30415837
18957:11543902
18900:Archived
18896:22024980
18854:24256729
18755:Genetics
18734:25064865
18697:10924403
18646:14595095
18483:Archived
18398:15217990
18277:15638829
18214:Archived
18151:Archived
18117:Archived
18020:Archived
17984:11827954
17933:23782551
17855:32437661
17795:Archived
17714:Archived
17653:Archived
17635:: 1–11.
17516:Archived
17489:Archived
17427:Archived
17405:31239502
17208:Archived
17152:5 August
17146:Archived
17141:BBC News
17120:5 August
17114:Archived
17046:Archived
17041:CEPAL, "
17026:Archived
17021:CEPAL, "
17006:Archived
16956:Archived
16934:Archived
16832:Archived
16775:Archived
16743:Archived
16713:Archived
16709:Refworld
16682:Archived
16651:19724647
16610:PLoS ONE
16588:17 March
16530:29 March
16355:Archived
16288:Archived
16255:Archived
16179:Archived
16145:Archived
16123:25254375
16061:19433783
15997:6 August
15901:Archived
15544:Archived
15465:Archived
15289:23 March
15283:Archived
15250:Archived
15211:Archived
15208:Paraguay
15182:Archived
15132:cite web
15061:Archived
14959:Archived
14909:15693025
14872:15118905
14736:Archived
14705:Archived
14680:Archived
14654:Archived
14619:Archived
14587:Archived
14558:Archived
14531:Archived
14450:Archived
14327:Archived
14258:(1992).
14231:Archived
14171:29 March
14165:Archived
14141:28 March
14135:Archived
14102:29 March
14096:Archived
13926:Archived
13922:29976825
13778:Archived
13681:(2001).
13655:ABC-CLIO
13612:Archived
13557:Archived
13532:Archived
13524:16203994
13455:Archived
13433:23791028
13374:26213891
13315:18455054
13247:Archived
13243:22464223
13194:24065606
13137:26371791
13051:23624772
13003:15376814
12940:Archived
12876:Archived
12850:Archived
12776:Archived
12758:18159275
12699:Archived
12674:cite web
12636:Archived
12438:Archived
12377:Archived
12347:Archived
12048:23331729
11954:(1993).
11858:Archived
11789:Archived
11762:57511483
11738:(2005).
11714:15616561
11669:10172918
11661:11326098
11584:20055667
11560:(1987).
11542:7 August
11536:Archived
11509:7 August
11470:Archived
11148:32699366
11097:32699413
11046:32699412
10967:35442993
10935:PLOS ONE
10602:29323294
10504:36149744
10496:18339930
10347:Archived
10317:Archived
10257:Archived
10178:: 4–44.
10041:(2006).
9981:23 March
9975:Archived
9973:. 2019.
9946:23 March
9940:Archived
9863:CBC News
9836:Archived
9774:Archived
9715:Archived
9704:30 March
9665:Archived
9630:Archived
9587:Archived
9447:Archived
9417:Archived
9314:36741309
9118:(2005).
9100:(2001).
9024:29 March
8989:Archived
8957:Archived
8927:Archived
8898:Archived
8869:Archived
8840:Archived
8776:Archived
8746:Archived
8714:Archived
8682:Archived
8649:Archived
8588:Archived
8527:Archived
8494:Archived
8463:Archived
8430:Archived
8339:Archived
8285:Archived
8256:Archived
8184:30 April
8175:Archived
8149:30 April
8140:Archived
8095:29 April
8086:Archived
7691:See also
7610:exhibit
7587:Beringia
7560:zygosity
7548:Americas
7533:Japanese
7441:Siberian
7379:Americas
7318:In 1930
7166:Category
7146:Tanzania
7141:Suriname
7126:Paraguay
7101:Malaysia
7023:Genocide
6964:more ...
6888:CONAECDA
6806:WIPO IGC
6796:9 August
6669:Language
6618:a series
6616:Part of
6554:Dominica
6530:Kalinago
6457:Ye'kuana
6374:Suriname
6367:Mestizos
6312:Paraguay
6300:Paraguay
6217:Huaorani
6209:Tsáchila
6194:mitimaes
6190:Saraguro
6182:Panzaleo
6178:Otavalos
6174:Caranqui
6148:and the
6104:and the
6061:Colombia
6054:Colombia
6035:Colombia
6015:Tarapacá
5980:Santiago
5964:Rapa Nui
5808:peasants
5697:Selk'nam
5661:Diaguita
5562:comarcas
5546:comarcas
5447:mythical
5406:Honduras
5366:Miskitos
5340:Honduras
5310:Garifuna
5273:Q'eqchi'
5220:Sacacoyo
5184:, spoke
5178:Kakawira
5164:Much of
5056:Garifuna
4951:Kumeyaay
4932:Cherokee
4819:Oklahoma
4741:Rarámuri
4725:Kickapoo
4700:Northern
4626:Mestizos
4610:Veracruz
4568:and the
4560:and the
4558:Zapotecs
4522:, Mexico
4477:Inughuit
4462:Tunumiit
4405:inughuit
4397:tunumiit
4370:Tunumiit
4313:treaties
4307:Various
4123:Suriname
4063:Paraguay
3943:Colombia
3304:beadwork
3300:carvings
3296:basketry
3288:weavings
3217:drumming
3139:abugidas
3037:syllabic
3010:syllabic
3007:phonetic
2970:, Mexico
2968:Palenque
2768:and the
2766:Selk'nam
2745:to herd
2636:Capsicum
2603:avocados
2595:potatoes
2591:tomatoes
2434:teosinte
2197:and the
2135:and the
2125:Iroquois
2047:Smallpox
1982:smallpox
1938:smallpox
1881:smallpox
1652:society.
1457:via the
1361:endonyms
1318:Colombia
1197:aborigen
1146:Hispanic
1135:caboclos
1129:mestizos
1044:indianen
1012:Antilles
961:Antilles
909:mestizos
834:Colombia
790:Americas
773:Mestizos
749:Catholic
738:Religion
693:8 (2011)
599:Dominica
508:Suriname
385:Paraguay
347:Honduras
200:Colombia
46:Americas
26156:Related
25813:Kinship
25753:Endonym
25743:Demonym
25691:Oceania
25448:Salvage
25163:Commons
25077:Houston
25061:Oregon
25027:Florida
25000:Arizona
24984:Muslims
24925:Catalan
24905:Spanish
24859:Chilean
24738:Chicano
24733:Mexican
24595:Oceania
24565:Eurasia
24523:of the
24464:Symbols
24075:pigment
23961:Weaving
23924:Cardium
23919:Pottery
23914:Mirrors
23902:Jewelry
23843:Baskets
23823:culture
23675:Cistern
23481:Pyramid
23423:Weapons
23401:Scraper
23391:Racloir
23351:Cleaver
23339:Chopper
23245:Uniface
23156:Grooves
23146:Hafting
23104:Oldowan
23063:Systems
23014:Cascade
22977:woomera
22967:harpoon
22940:history
22906:Hunting
22886:Pottery
22827:Cooking
22736:Farming
22702:history
22675:Outline
22421:Tundama
22350:Peoples
22335:History
22330:History
22325:History
22321:History
22315:Cuisine
22310:Cuisine
22305:Cuisine
22300:Cuisine
22296:Cuisine
22154:Warfare
22149:Warfare
22144:Warfare
22140:Warfare
22134:Society
22129:Economy
22118:Society
22113:Society
22109:Society
21979:Writing
21973:Quechua
21958:Nahuatl
21925:Capital
21862:Toyopán
21842:Tairona
21752:Mapuche
21667:Chiripa
21642:Chancay
21613:Cañaris
21588:Amotape
21583:El Abra
21499:Zapotec
21479:Totonac
21454:Tepanec
21439:Quelepa
21409:Mezcala
21399:Huastec
21369:Cholula
21359:Capacha
21354:Acolhua
21311:Sinagua
21286:Patayan
21256:Hohokam
21246:Fremont
21031:Plateau
20927:Studies
20855:Uruguay
20830:Ecuador
20810:Bolivia
20757:Jamaica
20656:Writers
20651:Artists
20611:Ecuador
20593:Culture
20574:Mapuche
20290:of the
20260:, from
20192:1391080
20054:(ed.).
19916:1354592
19842:(ed.).
19725:(ed.).
19608:Sources
19557:6327247
19497:5204334
19385:3 April
19375:SAPIENS
19344:4454580
19308:Bibcode
19080:Bibcode
19038:6327247
18975:History
18845:4105016
18816:Bibcode
18786:1346260
18777:1204788
18688:1287530
18603:9811914
18571:Bibcode
18406:4939632
18268:3905771
18210:7527715
18190:Bibcode
17924:3695835
17893:Bibcode
17877:2013).
17685:Reuters
17569:28 July
17547:(232).
17433:30 June
17396:6592923
17375:Bibcode
16882:3033029
16828:Ilo.org
16642:2731219
16619:Bibcode
16280:"Mayas"
16114:4177621
16091:Bibcode
16052:2680428
16029:Bibcode
15441:26 June
15086:"Chile"
14789:"Haiti"
14660:9 April
14564:9 April
14429:22 June
14198:14 July
13969:Bibcode
13913:7116273
13890:Bibcode
13881:Science
13784:29 July
13515:1253605
13492:Bibcode
13424:3810370
13365:6038142
13306:5125817
13185:4232330
13059:7866571
12819:1409535
12749:2094753
12094:, USA.
12056:7529931
11921:Penguin
11722:4426545
11694:Bibcode
11641:Bibcode
11632:Science
11444:22 July
11128:Bibcode
11077:Bibcode
11026:Bibcode
10958:9020715
10904:(ed.).
10610:4454580
10582:Bibcode
10466:Bibcode
10457:Science
10353:25 June
10323:25 June
10293:25 June
10263:25 June
10253:SAPIENS
9305:9893294
8536:16 June
8439:14 June
8315:7 March
8062:3 March
8033:2 March
7999:Redskin
7854:Pow wow
7834:Chunkey
7823:Culture
7600:Na-Dené
7477:Chukchi
7383:Siberia
7337:of the
7309:Zapotec
7288:in the
7111:Namibia
7096:Finland
7091:Denmark
7018:Ecocide
6837:ILO 169
6832:ILO 107
6538:Macorix
6534:Ciguayo
6516:of the
6465:Kali'na
6453:mestizo
6420:Guaraní
6416:Uruguay
6404:Uruguay
6347:Quechua
6320:Guaraní
6154:Cañaris
6138:Ecuador
6132:Ecuador
6112:Ecuador
6081:Chibcha
6065:Mestizo
5976:Mapuche
5801:CONAMAQ
5789:Guaraní
5777:Quechua
5770:CONAMAQ
5703:Bolivia
5689:Charrúa
5685:Quechua
5653:Guaraní
5641:Mapuche
5504:, 2006.
5477:Nicarao
5382:Tolupan
5350:African
5346:mestizo
5110:Cabécar
5094:Matambú
5062:, have
5054:). The
5052:Yucatec
5019:Mi'kmaq
4991:Iñupiat
4979:Tlingit
4893:Tlingit
4877:Alutiiq
4873:Unangax
4857:Iñupiat
4838:Arizona
4815:Choctaw
4696:Mixtecs
4688:Mazahua
4664:Chiapas
4584:); the
4578:Yucatán
4576:in the
4562:Mixtecs
4516:Huichol
4481:Inuktun
4417:Denmark
4401:Inuktun
4377:Kulusuk
4153:Uruguay
3973:Ecuador
3853:Bolivia
3837:29.38%
3643:Jamaica
3583:Grenada
3377:given.
3356:violins
3284:jewelry
3276:pottery
3241:fiddles
3221:Rattles
3092:Zapotec
3088:Nahuatl
2893:nomadic
2860:Culture
2830:In the
2796:alpacas
2777:turkeys
2735:travois
2729:. Some
2709:Animals
2673:tobacco
2649:paprika
2631:peppers
2619:vanilla
2607:peanuts
2567:); the
2545:cassava
2512:In the
2502:Archaic
2498:farming
2472:famines
2307:anxiety
2103:of the
2101:Arawaks
2071:measles
2001:cassava
1978:measles
1946:cholera
1942:measles
1928:in 2009
1738:in the
1697:Zapotec
1646:Tairona
1567:geology
1463:Siberia
1419:Map of
1397:History
1356:exonyms
1332:Quechua
1235:indiano
1185:nativos
1159:ladinos
1036:indiens
1016:Spanish
1010:" (or "
981:Arizona
925:kinship
886:Nahuatl
878:Guaraní
866:Quechua
838:Ecuador
822:Bolivia
788:In the
743:Mostly
732:Russian
712:English
708:Spanish
671:Grenada
549:~19,000
448:Uruguay
411:104,143
390:140,039
352:601,019
331:698,114
310:724,592
263:Ecuador
137:Bolivia
25685:Europe
25599:Mexico
25589:Canada
25573:Africa
25438:Online
25298:Nation
25042:Nevada
24915:Basque
24750:Tejano
24721:Isleño
24688:Latino
24550:Africa
24442:flutes
24237:Dolmen
24161:Burial
23971:winery
23944:Linear
23774:Midden
23752:Cursus
23745:Goseck
23605:Pueblo
23556:Dugout
23541:Burdei
23220:Mining
23044:Lamoka
23039:Folsom
23019:Clovis
22876:Metate
22854:Hearth
22822:Basket
22796:Sickle
22364:Muisca
22359:Mayans
22354:Aztecs
21988:Script
21983:Script
21943:Bacatá
21914:Muisca
21797:Pucará
21792:Piaroa
21787:Paiján
21782:Omagua
21737:Lupaca
21732:Lokono
21697:Kalina
21692:Huetar
21652:Chavín
21647:Chango
21622:Nariño
21618:Capulí
21608:Calima
21603:Aymara
21593:Arawak
21474:Toltec
21424:Olmecs
21419:Nicoya
21414:Mixtec
21389:Diquis
21291:Picosa
21281:Oshara
21251:Glades
21241:Dorset
21078:Mexico
21046:Plains
21016:Arctic
20958:Portal
20895:Navajo
20835:Guyana
20815:Brazil
20772:Panama
20762:Mexico
20722:Canada
20717:Belize
20579:Muisca
20501:Common
20242:
20232:
20190:
20182:
20148:
20117:
20062:
20037:
20027:
20002:
19981:
19962:
19952:
19931:
19914:
19906:
19873:
19850:
19813:
19805:
19772:
19762:
19743:
19733:
19712:
19702:
19678:
19661:
19651:
19628:
19595:11 May
19564:
19554:
19546:
19504:
19494:
19486:
19444:
19434:
19426:
19342:
19334:
19326:
19299:Nature
19276:
19266:
19258:
19203:
19114:
19106:
19098:
19071:Nature
19045:
19035:
19027:
18955:
18947:
18894:
18852:
18842:
18834:
18807:Nature
18784:
18774:
18732:
18695:
18685:
18644:
18601:
18591:
18480:page 2
18433:
18404:
18396:
18378:
18307:
18275:
18265:
18223:13 May
18208:
18087:
18012:
17982:
17975:155271
17972:
17931:
17921:
17913:
17861:
17853:
17845:
17747:
17647:
17462:
17403:
17393:
17290:23 May
17074:
16880:
16649:
16639:
16457:
16121:
16111:
16059:
16049:
15734:
15666:
15609:
15575:
15179:Guyana
15070:23 May
14989:. US:
14907:
14870:
14745:2 June
14298:
14268:
14127:
14090:
13920:
13910:
13819:
13815:–242.
13740:
13697:
13661:
13522:
13512:
13461:23 May
13431:
13421:
13413:
13372:
13362:
13354:
13313:
13303:
13295:
13241:
13233:
13192:
13182:
13174:
13135:
13095:
13057:
13049:
13041:
13001:
12993:
12882:23 May
12856:23 May
12825:
12817:
12782:23 May
12756:
12746:
12705:23 May
12664:23 May
12538:23 May
12470:23 May
12412:
12383:23 May
12353:23 May
12321:
12294:23 May
12268:1 July
12259:
12234:1 July
12225:
12157:
12129:
12098:
12054:
12046:
11996:
11968:
11927:
11896:
11777:"1519"
11760:
11750:
11720:
11712:
11685:Nature
11667:
11659:
11582:
11572:
11531:Forbes
11416:
11389:
11381:
11284:
11259:
11249:
11224:
11214:
11189:
11179:
11154:
11146:
11120:Nature
11103:
11095:
11069:Nature
11052:
11044:
11018:Nature
10965:
10955:
10912:
10826:
10820:279189
10818:
10703:
10676:
10647:
10608:
10600:
10573:Nature
10502:
10494:
10476:
10427:
10376:
10231:
10198:
10190:
10147:
10118:
10055:
9842:2 July
9636:5 July
9622:
9561:4 July
9552:
9546:124–32
9513:
9486:
9453:3 July
9423:3 July
9387:3 July
9378:
9312:
9302:
9294:
9251:
9128:
8998:30 May
8459:(XLSX)
8056:gob.mx
8027:gob.mx
7606:, and
7593:. The
7539:, and
7537:Korean
7518:, and
7481:Koryak
7479:, and
7473:Selkup
7263:Aymara
7151:Tawain
7106:Mexico
7086:Brazil
6975:Issues
6958:KAFFED
6893:CONAIE
6801:UNPFII
6777:UNPFII
6732:CIRNAC
6641:Rights
6528:, the
6520:, the
6471:, the
6467:, the
6463:, the
6459:, the
6398:Wayana
6396:, and
6394:Tiriyó
6390:Kalina
6386:Lokono
6357:, Peru
6270:Guyana
6264:Lokono
6260:Kalina
6240:CONAIE
6225:Achuar
6215:, the
6205:Chachi
6186:Cañari
6176:, the
6170:Kichwa
6158:Cuenca
6150:Quitus
6077:Muisca
6029:El Loa
6007:Aymara
5986:, and
5927:Panara
5893:Brazil
5889:Terena
5861:Brazil
5793:Mojeño
5781:Aymara
5693:Pilagá
5673:Huarpe
5669:Mocoví
5521:Panama
5498:Embera
5483:Panama
5475:, and
5380:, and
5370:Mayans
5362:Lencas
5324:, and
5322:Quiche
5314:Kekchi
5283:4.4%,
5279:7.8%,
5277:K'iche
5275:8.3%,
5222:, and
5212:Izalco
5172:, the
5114:Boruca
5106:Bribri
5102:Maleku
5072:Arawak
5070:, and
5050:, and
5044:Kekchi
5034:Belize
5015:Lenape
4999:Nakota
4967:Apache
4965:, and
4955:Cocopa
4928:Aztecs
4916:Samoan
4891:, and
4869:Cup'ik
4865:Yup'ik
4830:Navajo
4745:Urique
4694:, and
4676:Aztecs
4668:Oaxaca
4651:, the
4643:, the
4598:Mexica
4594:Aztecs
4572:; the
4566:Oaxaca
4556:; the
4550:Olmecs
4548:: The
4488:Mexico
4427:– the
4423:. the
4292:, and
4261:, and
4216:Canada
4197:54.3%
4192:51.6%
4180:
4150:
4120:
4102:60.2%
4097:25.8%
4090:
4077:96.7%
4060:
4037:10.5%
4033:Guyana
4030:
4000:
3970:
3957:59.8%
3952:50.3%
3940:
3917:10.9%
3910:
3897:12.4%
3883:Brazil
3880:
3850:
3827:2.38%
3820:
3790:
3760:
3730:
3700:
3687:84.4%
3670:
3640:
3610:
3597:~0.4%
3587:~0.4%
3580:
3550:
3520:
3493:Mexico
3490:
3463:Canada
3460:
3430:
3352:Oaxaca
3326:, and
3302:, and
3239:, and
3237:fiddle
3233:Apache
3229:Flutes
3181:Arviat
3149:, and
3120:Ojibwa
3096:Mixtec
3057:Aztecs
3022:glyphs
2953:, and
2923:Panama
2876:, and
2844:balché
2810:cavies
2787:, and
2770:Yahgan
2758:culpeo
2747:llamas
2721:, the
2689:cotton
2669:chicle
2661:rubber
2651:, and
2585:, and
2557:marrow
2553:squash
2446:potato
2417:Mexico
2392:Plants
2379:(1844)
2365:, and
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2193:, the
2185:, the
2181:, the
2167:horses
2059:Typhus
1966:Taínos
1944:, and
1926:Brazil
1900:Brazil
1885:Mexico
1828:, and
1775:, and
1754:. The
1729:Cañari
1727:, and
1701:Mixtec
1689:Toltec
1631:Mexico
1625:, the
1619:Canada
1573:, and
1528:along
1467:Alaska
1375:, the
1369:racist
1262:Indian
1247:nativo
1166:Among
1122:Eskimo
1100:, and
1052:Aleuts
1032:French
1028:índios
1020:indios
989:Indian
973:Navajo
892:, and
884:, and
874:Aymara
870:Arawak
846:Mexico
826:Canada
781:Pardos
779:, and
777:Zambos
730:, and
724:Danish
720:French
686:
668:
650:
632:
614:
596:
578:
560:
525:
513:20,344
505:
490:Belize
487:
476:(2020)
474:50,189
466:
455:(2011)
453:76,452
445:
434:(2012)
432:78,492
427:Guyana
424:
413:(2018)
403:
392:(2022)
382:
364:
344:
333:(2023)
326:Panama
323:
312:(2011)
302:
291:(2022)
284:Brazil
281:
270:(2022)
260:
249:(2022)
239:
228:(2021)
221:Canada
218:
207:(2018)
197:
186:(2017)
176:
165:(2020)
155:
144:(2012)
134:
123:(2017)
113:
95:
84:(2020)
77:Mexico
74:
25828:Mores
25555:World
25458:Video
25338:Tribe
25098:Other
25072:Texas
24958:White
24953:Black
24948:Asian
24766:Cuban
24678:Index
24525:world
24359:sites
24303:Mummy
24023:Cairn
23939:Jōmon
23890:shoes
23885:Hides
23757:Henge
23711:Broch
23573:Jacal
23428:Wheel
23376:Knife
23322:Canoe
23317:Burin
23295:Blade
23193:flake
23054:Plano
22962:baton
22952:Spear
22918:Arrow
22871:Manos
22724:Tools
22369:Incas
22260:Music
22255:Music
22250:Music
22246:Music
22179:Women
22174:Women
22169:Women
22165:Women
22123:Trade
22004:Quipu
21948:Cusco
21939:Hunza
21904:Aztec
21837:Taíno
21832:Sican
21827:Shuar
21777:Nazca
21767:Mollo
21762:Moche
21742:Luzia
21657:Chimú
21429:Pipil
21404:Izapa
21379:Coclé
21321:Thule
21211:Adena
20932:Trade
20820:Chile
20634:Music
20601:Andes
20549:Olmec
20539:Aztec
20188:S2CID
20146:S2CID
20115:S2CID
20050:. In
19912:JSTOR
19838:. In
19811:S2CID
19613:Books
19340:S2CID
19237:eLife
19112:S2CID
18730:JSTOR
18594:25007
18402:S2CID
18217:(PDF)
18206:S2CID
18180:(PDF)
17859:S2CID
17645:S2CID
17631:(4).
17338:(PDF)
17319:(PDF)
16878:JSTOR
16582:(PDF)
16575:(PDF)
16453:(PDF)
16446:(PDF)
16421:(PDF)
16410:(PDF)
16325:(PDF)
16314:(PDF)
16258:(PDF)
16251:(PDF)
16233:(PDF)
16226:(PDF)
16182:(PDF)
16175:(PDF)
16148:(PDF)
16141:(PDF)
15868:(PDF)
15435:(PDF)
15428:(PDF)
15371:(PDF)
15364:(PDF)
15347:(PDF)
15340:(PDF)
15253:(PDF)
15242:(PDF)
15064:(PDF)
15057:(PDF)
14739:(PDF)
14732:(PDF)
14622:(PDF)
14615:(PDF)
14590:(PDF)
14583:(PDF)
14234:(PDF)
14227:(PDF)
14021:[
13996:(PDF)
13955:(PDF)
13929:(PDF)
13876:(PDF)
13055:S2CID
12823:S2CID
12815:JSTOR
12044:JSTOR
11861:(PDF)
11848:(PDF)
11718:S2CID
11665:S2CID
11387:S2CID
11152:S2CID
11101:S2CID
11050:S2CID
10900:. In
10824:S2CID
10816:JSTOR
10783:8 May
10645:S2CID
10606:S2CID
10568:(PDF)
10511:(PDF)
10500:S2CID
10452:(PDF)
10196:S2CID
10011:(PDF)
10000:(PDF)
9668:(PDF)
9655:(PDF)
9351:(PDF)
9340:(PDF)
9220:4 May
9214:(PDF)
9199:(PDF)
8992:(PDF)
8985:(PDF)
8960:(PDF)
8953:(PDF)
8907:2 May
8901:(PDF)
8894:(PDF)
8843:(PDF)
8836:(PDF)
8817:2 May
8811:(PDF)
8804:(PDF)
8782:3 May
8749:(PDF)
8742:(PDF)
8723:2 May
8717:(PDF)
8710:(PDF)
8691:2 May
8685:(PDF)
8678:(PDF)
8658:3 May
8652:(PDF)
8645:(PDF)
8626:2 May
8620:(XLS)
8597:2 May
8591:(PDF)
8584:(PDF)
8565:2 May
8559:(XLS)
8530:(PDF)
8523:(PDF)
8503:1 May
8497:(PDF)
8490:(PDF)
8469:2 May
8433:(PDF)
8426:(PDF)
8406:1 May
8400:(PDF)
8393:(PDF)
8342:(PDF)
8335:(PDF)
8309:(PDF)
8302:(PDF)
8265:1 May
8259:(PDF)
8252:(PDF)
8230:(PDF)
8178:(PDF)
8171:(PDF)
8143:(PDF)
8136:(PDF)
8115:(PDF)
8089:(PDF)
8082:(PDF)
8052:(PDF)
8023:(PDF)
7604:Inuit
7504:Asian
7450:Altai
7278:Pijao
7276:, of
7261:, an
6923:IWGIA
6913:IPACC
6883:COICA
6767:MCHTA
6752:JAKOA
6742:FUNAI
6707:ACHPR
6595:Aztec
6514:Taíno
6477:Warao
6473:Pemon
6461:Wayuu
6283:canoe
6221:Cofán
6213:Shuar
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