661:
649:
1081:, and their geographic location made communication to the West of circumstances there difficult. The leaders of Great Britain and the United States had little interest in the Baltic cause, particularly while the war against Nazi Germany remained undecided and secretly regarded them as disposable in order to secure Stalin's cooperation. Members of the European Left tended to support the official Soviet view on the Baltic states, regarding them as "naturally" belonging to the Soviet Union to safeguard its "legitimate" security interests.
1028:. This authorized Mr. ZariĆĆĄ to supervise the work of Latvia's representations abroad and handle their finances and property. As a result Latvian diplomats who were stationed in embassies and consulates at the moment of the occupation in 1940, refused to recognize the occupation and return to Soviet Latvia. They continued to formally represent the interests of Latvia in countries that did not recognize the Soviet annexation. After the restoration of Latvian independence in 1991, the diplomats started reporting to the restored
2436:
1928:
2102:
1800:
1774:
1787:
2112:
839:
1046:
884:
of Latvia by the Soviet Union following the defeat of
Germany, which by that time was widely expected. The memorandum was drawn up in several original copies and photographically reproduced with the aim of taking it out of Latvia and getting it into the hands of the governments of the Western allies and the German occupation government.
1173:, widely regarded as determining the future of Europe, invoked the Atlantic Charter and the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; however, it did not directly address the issue of the Baltic states, paving the path to unopposed Soviet hegemony over post-war Eastern Europe.
958:. The battles of Narva were perceived by Estonian people as the fight for their country, a consolation for the humiliation of 1940. The lengthy German defense on the North Eastern border prevented a swift Soviet breakthrough into Estonia, which gave the underground Estonian National Committee enough time for an
1156:
on 1 December 1943, Roosevelt "said that he fully realized the three Baltic
Republics had in history and again more recently been part of Russia and jokingly added, that when the Soviet armies re-occupied these areas, he did not intend to go to war with the Soviet Union on this point." A month later,
1092:
survived as a neutral, western-oriented capitalist democracy and did not share the fate of the Baltic states. Despite this apparent freedom, the Finns still had to take into consideration Soviet foreign policy interests including specific accommodations in their domestic affairs, with critics calling
942:
delivered a radio address that implored all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. Prior to this, Uluots had opposed the mobilisation. The call drew support from across the country: 38,000 conscripts jammed registration centers. Two thousand
Finland Boys returned.
883:
On March 17, 1944, 189 Latvian political leaders and public figures signed the
Memorandum of the Latvian Central Council, which declared the urgent need to restore the de facto sovereignty of the Republic of Latvia and create a Latvian government. The memorandum was a call to resist the reoccupation
1143:
In March, 1942, Churchill wrote to
Roosevelt urging the sacrifice of the Baltic states: "The increasing gravity of the war has led me to feel that the principles of the Atlantic Charter ought not to be construed so as to deny Russia the frontiers she occupied when Germany attacked here. ... I hope
1168:
and penciled out the post-war partition of Europe. Churchill recounts: "At length I said, 'Might it not be thought rather cynical if it seemed that we had disposed of these issues, so fateful to millions of people, in such an offhand manner? Let us burn the paper.' — 'No, you keep it,' said
1229:
and urged to withdraw the army on time. Eventually, the last combat unit of the
Russian Armed Forces left the Lithuanian territory 15 minutes before the agreed term (on 31 August 1993 23:45), but small Russian military units had remained that also left in the near months. On 26 November 1993 the
817:
In Latvia, NKVD units were the main anti-partisan force fighting against 10,000 active members of the resistance forces. The
Soviets signed separate ceasefire agreements with the different resistance forces, which did not become active until after the end of the war; the agreement in Lithuania
1015:
was the only governmental body of the
Republic of Latvia which continued its activities during the Nazi and Soviet occupation of Latvia during 1940â1991. One month before the occupation, On May 17th 1940, the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia granted extraordinary powers to
902:. The adoption of the Declaration was an attempt to restore de facto independence of the Republic of Latvia, in hopes of international support and by taking advantage of the interval between changes of occupying powers. The Declaration prescribed that the
892:
17:
1151:
in New York on 3 September, Roosevelt stated, "The
European people will simply have to endure Russian domination, in the hope that in ten or twenty years they will be able to live well with the Russians." Meeting with Stalin in
1212:
from
Lithuania began in 1992 and according to an agreement had to be completed until 1 September 1993. Nevertheless, the withdrawal process was not always performed according to the agreed plans and even on 19 August 1993 the
1180:, the Under-Secretary of the Foreign Affairs (1945-1946), before the House of Commons on 10 February 1947. McNeil stated that the British government recognized the absorption of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union
66:
1140:, reported, "Mr. Eden cannot incur the danger of antagonizing Stalin, and the British War Cabinet have... agree to negotiate a treaty with Stalin, which will recognize the 1940 frontiers of the Soviet Union."
1131:
Despite Welles's statement, the Baltic states soon reprised their centuries-long role as pawns in the conflicts of larger powers. After visiting Moscow in the winter of 1941â1942, British Foreign Minister
854:
There were efforts to restore independence during the German occupation. In 1941, the Lithuanians had overthrown Soviet rule two days before the Germans arrived in Kaunas. The Germans allowed the
124:
1511:
Berthon, Potts. Warlords: An Extraordinary Re-Creation of World War II Through the Eyes and Minds of Hitler, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin. Da Capo Press and Methuen Publishing. 2006. p. 138.
858:
to function for over a month. Towards the end of the war, once it became clear that Germany would be defeated, many Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians joined the Germans once again.
607:
2034:
1128:, and the only public statement of policy by the US, defined the basis for non-recognition by the United States of the Soviet Union's forcible incorporation of the Baltic states.
906:
is the fundamental law of the restored Republic of Latvia, and provided for establishment of a Cabinet of Ministers that would organise the restoration of the State of Latvia.
1221:
that the withdrawal procedure has been stopped because there allegedly was no signed political agreement regarding it. In the morning of 30 August 1993, Lithuanian President
218:
2039:
1856:
288:
814:
did not bring a restoration of independence to Estonia, and the Forest Brothers then renewed their campaign of killing Soviet senior armed forces and NKVD officers.
1084:
The Germans' defeat in 1945 left Eastern Europe within the Soviet sphere of influence. However, despite territorial losses and a heavy reparations burden in the
1608:
916:
On 23 March 1944, the underground National Committee of the Estonian Republic was founded. Thousands of Estonians not willing to side with the Nazis joined the
304:
2401:
1205:
600:
2416:
660:
897:
326:
861:
It was hoped that by engaging in such a war the Baltic countries would be able to attract Western support for the cause of independence from the USSR.
2326:
343:
2021:
1942:
1846:
1161:
that he had told the Russians they could take over and control Romania, Bulgaria, Bukovina, Eastern Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, and Finland.
910:
98:
593:
299:
2365:
1895:
1841:
1644:
416:
321:
38:
965:
On 1 August 1944, the Estonian National Committee pronounced itself Estoniaâs highest authority, and on 18 September 1944, acting Head of State
2795:
1947:
1147:
By 1943 Roosevelt had also consigned the Baltic states and Eastern Europe to Stalin. Meeting with his confidante, Archbishop (later, Cardinal)
959:
191:
1192:
principle of the Atlantic Charter, but that it should be kept in mind that the Baltic states had been part of the Russian Empire before 1918.
3013:
2331:
2321:
1851:
939:
843:
803:
167:
34:
2619:
181:
2343:
1599:
511:
348:
186:
2148:
1201:
2890:
144:
129:
973:. Over the radio, in English, the Estonian government declared its neutrality in the war. The government issued two editions of the
2993:
1821:
1214:
868:
was formed on 13 August 1943 by members of the four biggest Latvian political parties. These men survived the Soviet terror of the
454:
47:
1667:
1751:
1136:
had already advocated sacrificing the Baltic states to secure Soviet cooperation in the war. The British ambassador to the U.S.,
134:
119:
3008:
2614:
2421:
672:
139:
2534:
2406:
2293:
1954:
1883:
1677:
1656:
498:
3018:
2998:
2348:
2204:
2067:
1029:
665:
449:
3003:
2958:
2669:
2493:
2473:
2161:
2080:
1012:
869:
855:
516:
2353:
2224:
2085:
1905:
1900:
1137:
439:
424:
390:
260:
237:
2747:
3043:
3038:
2561:
1719:
1696:
1616:
1411:
1392:
1373:
1354:
1144:
therefore that you will be able to give us a free hand to sign the treaty which Stalin desires as soon as possible."
444:
2298:
2271:
1888:
1176:
The attitude taken by the Western Allies with regard to the Baltic states following World War II was summarized by
506:
250:
2727:
2316:
2276:
1988:
1836:
877:
255:
55:
30:
1017:
2802:
2634:
2573:
2141:
2115:
563:
1000:, the last prime minister in the role of Head of State, handed his credentials over to the incoming President
2915:
2865:
2860:
2773:
2737:
2370:
2219:
1569:
1005:
921:
521:
223:
2905:
2595:
2026:
1218:
993:
553:
2583:
2544:
2498:
2456:
2254:
1975:
1744:
558:
213:
153:
106:
65:
3033:
2700:
2508:
2488:
2468:
2411:
2338:
353:
2925:
2785:
2602:
2556:
2286:
2281:
2134:
745:
3023:
2712:
2695:
2607:
2199:
2062:
1165:
1118:
826:
in July 1944. Only 14 percent of those eligible responded to the summons. The Soviets tracked down
479:
309:
3028:
2578:
2549:
2391:
2259:
1440:
1078:
865:
757:
753:
474:
331:
2875:
2790:
2732:
2659:
2568:
2444:
2105:
1993:
1737:
929:
917:
741:
648:
375:
232:
2880:
2827:
2722:
2654:
2646:
2539:
2522:
2057:
1998:
1058:
830:
and killed over 400 people. During 1944 and 1945 the Soviets conscripted 82,000 Lithuanians.
811:
810:(established in 1941) initially maintained a low profile during the Soviet reoccupation. The
729:
578:
2951:
2920:
2895:
2837:
2807:
2759:
2683:
2664:
2483:
2358:
2249:
2214:
2169:
1209:
400:
8:
2850:
2845:
2817:
2812:
2742:
2717:
1983:
1831:
1222:
1070:
568:
484:
2752:
632:. The Red Army regained control over the three Baltic capitals and encircled retreating
2967:
2910:
2885:
2855:
2478:
2229:
2209:
1910:
1189:
1125:
1114:
737:
715:
573:
464:
274:
2930:
2900:
2870:
2705:
2266:
2072:
1715:
1708:
1692:
1673:
1652:
1612:
1475:
1407:
1388:
1369:
1350:
1158:
1153:
1106:
1074:
1054:
924:
was formed out of the volunteers known colloquially as the "Finnish Boys" (Estonian:
653:
528:
395:
200:
2972:
2590:
2189:
1876:
1871:
1520:
Gannon, Robert. The Cardinal Spellman Story. Doubleday, New York. 1962. pp. 222â223
1366:
The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
1347:
The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
1263:
1170:
1148:
1110:
1085:
1050:
687:
683:
625:
533:
434:
429:
380:
265:
928:). On 2 February 1944, the front reached the former Estonian border, starting the
2194:
1970:
1531:
Foreign Relations of the United States, The Conferences of Cairo and Tehran, 1943
1487:
807:
796:
784:
764:
on 16 September, whereby the Estonian forces would cover the German withdrawal.
761:
749:
637:
385:
775:
was to stop anyone escaping from the country. However, many refugees escaped to
1826:
1094:
1025:
947:
792:
699:
691:
2503:
996:
served to carry the continuity of the Estonian state forward until 1992, when
966:
935:
847:
2987:
1760:
1441:
By Royal Institute of International Affairs. Information Dept. Published 1945
1268:
1195:
1177:
1121:
1062:
997:
985:
974:
721:
711:
679:
640:
where they held out until the final German surrender at the end of the war.
76:
1488:
The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania By David J. Smith; Page 138
2386:
2016:
1226:
1133:
1100:
1001:
989:
827:
819:
707:
695:
629:
621:
469:
86:
81:
954:
were formed from Latvians, predominantly conscripts, to fight against the
2822:
1927:
1230:
Lithuanians had taken over the last object from a Russian military unit.
703:
18:
Occupation and annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union (1944)
2396:
1915:
624:(USSR) occupied most of the territory of the Baltic states in its 1944
459:
2435:
2157:
2126:
1805:
970:
951:
903:
633:
955:
838:
788:
1672:(illustrated reprint ed.). England: Oxford University Press.
818:
differed from those in Estonia and Latvia. The Soviets introduced
694:
regions from the enemy; when we will liberate ⊠the people of the
2461:
1779:
1574:
1089:
978:
823:
780:
768:
1729:
1008:
continued, based in their pre-war embassies in the U.S. and UK.
2624:
1792:
1559:(6 volumes). Houghton-Mifflin, Boston. 1953. v. 6. pp. 227â228.
1021:
776:
725:
2184:
1045:
864:
In Latvia an pro-independence resistance movement called the
1264:
World Battlefronts: BATTLE OF RUSSIA: The Ousting is at Hand
678:
The day is not far off when we will completely liberate the
656:
poster celebrating "liberation" of the Baltic states in 1944
888:
772:
767:
Soon after the Soviet reoccupation of the Estonian capital
1196:
Withdrawal of the occupational army from the Baltic states
850:, attempted to re-establish Estonian independence in 1944.
1476:
U.S.-Baltic Relations: Celebrating 85 Years of Friendship
938:, the last legitimate prime minister and the head of the
1101:
Western Allies acquiesce on Stalin's hold of the Baltics
893:
Declaration on the Restoration of the Republic of Latvia
891:, the leadership of the Latvian Central Council adopted
992:
only to be removed by the Soviets four days later. The
756:
on 14 September with forces totalling 1.5 million. The
664:
Soldiers of the Red Army entering the territory of the
1601:
Rusijos kariuomenÄs iĆĄvedimas iĆĄ Lietuvos dokumentuose
1404:
Resistance! Occupied Europe and Its Defiance of Hitler
1385:
Resistance! Occupied Europe and Its Defiance of Hitler
1035:
643:
1225:
had a telephone communication with Russian President
1206:
Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania
2417:
2003 Lithuanian European Union membership referendum
1609:
General Jonas Ćœemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
1578:. House of Commons. 10 February 1947. col. 5â6.
1649:
Absolute War: Soviet Russia in the Second World War
1428:
SinimÀed 1944: II maailmasÔja lahingud Kirde-Eestis
1040:
833:
1707:
1689:The Baltic States and the end of the Soviet Empire
1188:. He also agreed that the annexation violated the
1597:
977:. On 21 September, nationalist forces seized the
911:Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania
2985:
1445:
1500:Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin 1941â1946
1714:(Revised ed.). Harlow, England: Longman.
1598:BalaiĆĄis, Algis; Surgailis, Gintautas (2005).
1164:The future was sealed when on 9 October 1944,
2142:
1745:
988:was raised to the permanent flag mast on the
960:attempt to re-establish Estonian independence
940:National Committee of the Republic of Estonia
872:, still called "The Horrible Year" (Latvian:
844:National Committee of the Republic of Estonia
804:National Committee of the Republic of Estonia
601:
35:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
2366:Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944â1991)
39:Baltic states under Soviet rule (1944â1991)
2149:
2135:
1752:
1738:
1687:Gerner, Kristian; Hedlund, Stefan (1993).
1306:
1304:
1302:
1073:as effective as those of the French under
608:
594:
1582:
1546:. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston. 1972. p. 601.
1457:
1425:
1215:Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania
1113:, as applied to the Baltic states in the
981:and ordered the German forces to leave.
1502:, Random House, New York. 1974. p. 1135.
1328:
1044:
837:
659:
647:
1706:Hiden, Johan; Salmon, Patrick (1994) .
1529:Minutes of meeting, Bohlen, recording.
1421:
1419:
1316:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1245:
920:to fight against the Soviet Union. The
14:
2986:
2156:
1686:
1544:For the President: Personal and Secret
1451:
1202:Supreme Council â Reconstituent Seimas
822:immediately after their occupation of
802:The NKVD also targeted members of the
673:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
2407:Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania
2130:
1733:
3014:Military history of the Soviet Union
2111:
1705:
1669:The Oxford companion to World War II
1498:Harriman, Averell & Abel, Elie.
1463:
1416:
1334:
878:Soviet deportations from the country
507:Baltic diplomatic services (1940â91)
1469:
1166:Churchill met with Stalin in Moscow
1109:established by the earlier-adopted
1036:Allied powers and the Baltic states
1030:Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1013:Latvian diplomatic service in exile
870:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
644:Soviet offensives and re-occupation
24:
1666:Dear, Ian; Foot, Richard (2001) .
969:appointed a new government led by
425:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
391:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
25:
3055:
1759:
2434:
2110:
2101:
2100:
1926:
1798:
1785:
1772:
1643:
1322:
1310:
1293:
1281:
1208:, however the withdrawal of the
1041:Western Allies' lack of interest
834:Attempts to restore independence
724:in a public speech broadcast in
64:
2994:Occupation of the Baltic states
2317:Occupation of the Baltic states
2294:1919 Polish coup d'Ă©tat attempt
1636:
1575:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1562:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1492:
1481:
1434:
1430:(in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.
1397:
1378:
1117:, issued on 23 July 1940 by US
1069:The Baltic states did not have
979:government buildings in Tallinn
913:, emerged on 25 November 1943.
876:) as it saw the first waves of
758:High Command of the German Army
740:was over and the Soviet troops
31:Occupation of the Baltic states
2225:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
1359:
1340:
1257:
13:
1:
3009:Military history of Lithuania
1710:The Baltic Nations and Europe
1665:
1251:
1233:
1219:Ministry of Defence of Russia
1217:had received notice from the
1006:Lithuanian Diplomatic Service
922:Finnish Infantry Regiment 200
1238:
994:Estonian Government in Exile
368:Soviet re-occupation in 1944
7:
3019:Soviet military occupations
2999:Military history of Estonia
1976:Baltic Council of Ministers
1896:Under Soviet rule (1944-91)
1452:Gerner & Hedlund (1993)
1169:Stalin." The February 1945
771:, the first mission of the
748:, the Soviets launched the
10:
3060:
3004:Military history of Latvia
2332:by the Soviet Union (1944)
2322:by the Soviet Union (1940)
1862:by the Soviet Union (1944)
1852:by the Soviet Union (1940)
1611:. pp. 7â13, 380â381.
1607:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius:
1053:in 1945. Seated from left
932:. The city was evacuated.
670:
636:and Latvian forces in the
564:LithuaniaâRussia relations
176:Mutual Assistance Treaties
28:
2945:
2836:
2781:
2772:
2691:
2682:
2645:
2530:
2521:
2452:
2443:
2432:
2387:Reform Movement (SÄ
jƫdis)
2379:
2307:
2240:
2177:
2168:
2096:
2050:
2009:
1963:
1935:
1924:
1814:
1767:
1464:Hiden & Salmon (1994)
1335:Hiden & Salmon (1994)
168:Soviet occupation in 1940
3044:1944 in military history
3039:1944 in the Soviet Union
2670:Special Operations Force
2535:Administrative divisions
2063:Baltic Basketball League
1989:Air Surveillance Network
1368:by Graham Smith, p. 91.
1349:by Graham Smith, p. 91.
1119:Under Secretary of State
990:tallest tower of Tallinn
554:EstoniaâRussia relations
2402:Act of Re-Establishment
2260:Great Seimas of Vilnius
2040:Human Development Index
1877:Operation Priboi (1949)
1872:June deportation (1941)
1651:. New York: Macmillan.
1406:by Dave Lande, p. 200.
1387:by Dave Lande, p. 200.
909:An analogous body, the
887:On 8 September 1944 in
866:Latvian Central Council
746:failed to break through
736:By 2 February 1944 the
716:Karelo-Finnish Republic
559:LatviaâRussia relations
154:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
107:BalticâSoviet relations
2876:Ethnographic Lithuania
2349:Second Soviet republic
2068:Swimming Championships
2035:Gross regional product
1200:On 11 March 1990, the
1066:
918:Finnish Defence Forces
856:Provisional Government
851:
752:on 10 August, and the
734:
668:
657:
2287:PolishâLithuanian War
2282:LithuanianâSoviet War
1691:. London: Routledge.
1157:Roosevelt related to
1059:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1048:
841:
744:with Estonia. Having
730:Second Battle of Kiev
676:
663:
651:
579:Russians in Lithuania
2891:Monuments of Culture
2808:Ethnographic regions
2562:Constitutional Court
2359:Lithuanian partisans
2277:Wars of Independence
1557:The Second World War
1555:Churchill, Winston.
1210:Russian Armed Forces
1105:The precedent under
1077:or the Polish under
1071:governments in exile
1020:, the Ambassador of
401:Lithuanian partisans
114:Non-aggression pacts
2371:Government-in-exile
2272:Act of Independence
1889:Diplomatic services
1832:United Baltic Duchy
1822:Territorial changes
1223:Algirdas Brazauskas
787:, who had lived in
783:, particularly the
569:Russians in Estonia
485:Congress of Estonia
455:Territorial changes
233:People's Parliament
2728:Telecommunications
2392:Singing Revolution
2230:Lithuanian Crusade
1911:Singing Revolution
1542:Bullitt, Orville.
1426:Mart Laar (2006).
1272:, 15 November 1943
1190:self-determination
1126:Secretary of State
1115:Welles Declaration
1079:WĆadysĆaw Sikorski
1067:
946:In 1943 and 1944,
852:
791:since the days of
742:were on the border
738:siege of Leningrad
669:
658:
574:Russians in Latvia
465:Singing Revolution
275:Welles Declaration
3034:1944 in Lithuania
2981:
2980:
2941:
2940:
2803:Ethnic minorities
2768:
2767:
2678:
2677:
2615:Political parties
2574:Foreign relations
2517:
2516:
2430:
2429:
2267:Amber Declaration
2124:
2123:
2073:Baltic Chain Tour
1948:tallest buildings
1679:978-0-19-860446-4
1658:978-0-333-78022-0
1159:Otto von Habsburg
1107:international law
1075:Charles de Gaulle
1055:Winston Churchill
654:Soviet propaganda
618:
617:
529:Kersten Committee
417:Under Soviet rule
396:Latvian partisans
289:German occupation
192:Soviet-Lithuanian
145:GermanâLithuanian
130:SovietâLithuanian
56:Occupation of the
16:(Redirected from
3051:
2961:
2954:
2866:Cultural regions
2861:Cultural history
2779:
2778:
2689:
2688:
2630:
2528:
2527:
2450:
2449:
2438:
2299:1926 coup d'Ă©tat
2255:National Revival
2220:Christianization
2190:Lithuania proper
2175:
2174:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2127:
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2104:
2103:
2022:Busiest airports
1930:
1884:State continuity
1804:
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1320:
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1308:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1171:Yalta Conference
1111:Stimson Doctrine
1086:Continuation War
1051:Yalta Conference
901:
754:Baltic Offensive
626:Baltic Offensive
610:
603:
596:
534:Helsinki Accords
499:State continuity
435:Operation Jungle
430:Operation Priboi
381:Baltic offensive
266:June deportation
68:
43:
42:
21:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3024:1944 in Estonia
2984:
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2982:
2977:
2964:
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2950:
2937:
2906:Public holidays
2832:
2764:
2674:
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2628:
2596:Law enforcement
2513:
2439:
2426:
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2327:by Nazi Germany
2309:
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2242:
2236:
2195:Lithuania Minor
2164:
2155:
2125:
2120:
2092:
2046:
2005:
1994:Defence College
1971:Baltic Assembly
1959:
1931:
1922:
1857:by Nazi Germany
1810:
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1241:
1236:
1198:
1103:
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1038:
930:battle of Narva
895:
836:
808:Forest Brothers
806:. The Estonian
797:Swedish Estonia
789:coastal Estonia
785:Estonian Swedes
762:Operation Aster
750:Tartu Offensive
732:, November 1943
719:
675:
646:
638:Courland Pocket
614:
585:
584:
583:
548:
540:
539:
538:
501:
491:
490:
489:
419:
409:
408:
407:
386:Courland Pocket
376:Battle of Narva
370:
360:
359:
358:
336:
314:
291:
281:
280:
279:
247:
210:
182:SovietâEstonian
178:
170:
160:
159:
158:
135:GermanâEstonian
120:SovietâEstonian
116:
101:
91:
57:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3057:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:1944 in Latvia
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
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2996:
2979:
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2970:
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2586:
2584:Prime Minister
2576:
2571:
2566:
2565:
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2554:
2553:
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2547:
2545:municipalities
2542:
2531:
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2501:
2496:
2494:Regional parks
2491:
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2476:
2474:Extreme points
2471:
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2412:January Events
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2054:
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2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2027:Housing bubble
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1999:Naval Squadron
1996:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1955:National parks
1952:
1951:
1950:
1943:Largest cities
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1893:
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1827:Baltic Entente
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1768:
1765:
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1697:
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1678:
1663:
1657:
1645:Bellamy, Chris
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1581:
1561:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1513:
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1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1433:
1415:
1396:
1377:
1358:
1339:
1327:
1323:Bellamy (2007)
1315:
1311:Bellamy (2007)
1298:
1294:Bellamy (2007)
1286:
1282:Bellamy (2007)
1274:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1197:
1194:
1124:, then acting
1102:
1099:
1095:Finlandisation
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1026:United Kingdom
835:
832:
666:Lithuanian SSR
645:
642:
616:
615:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
587:
586:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
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541:
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536:
531:
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503:
502:
497:
496:
493:
492:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
450:Lithuanian SSR
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
421:
420:
415:
414:
411:
410:
406:
405:
404:
403:
398:
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366:
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340:
335:
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318:
313:
312:
307:
302:
296:
292:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
261:from Lithuania
258:
253:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
204:
203:
201:OrzeĆ incident
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
187:Soviet-Latvian
184:
172:
171:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
150:
149:
148:
147:
142:
140:GermanâLatvian
137:
132:
127:
125:SovietâLatvian
122:
110:
109:
103:
102:
97:
96:
93:
92:
90:
89:
84:
79:
73:
70:
69:
61:
60:
52:
51:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3056:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
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2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
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2879:
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2835:
2829:
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2809:
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2804:
2801:
2797:
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2784:
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2775:
2771:
2761:
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2754:
2751:
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2746:
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2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
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2650:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2623:
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2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
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2601:
2597:
2594:
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2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2546:
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2533:
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2529:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:
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2437:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:Guerrilla war
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
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2315:
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2306:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2288:
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2278:
2275:
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2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
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2256:
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2239:
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2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
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2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Sovietization
1904:
1902:
1901:Guerrilla war
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:Deportations
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1781:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:Baltic states
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1721:0-582-25650-X
1717:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1698:0-415-07570-X
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1620:
1618:9986-738-66-0
1614:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:"Annexations"
1565:
1558:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1533:, pp. 594â596
1532:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1501:
1495:
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1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1413:
1412:0-7603-0745-8
1409:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1393:0-7603-0745-8
1390:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1374:0-312-16192-1
1371:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:0-312-16192-1
1352:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1270:
1269:TIME Magazine
1265:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Hector McNeil
1174:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:Sumner Welles
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1093:the process "
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1063:Joseph Stalin
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:KÄrlis ZariĆĆĄ
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Heinrich Mark
995:
991:
987:
986:Estonian flag
982:
980:
976:
975:State Gazette
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:two divisions
944:
941:
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
914:
912:
907:
905:
899:
894:
890:
885:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
859:
857:
849:
845:
840:
831:
829:
828:draft evaders
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
733:
731:
727:
723:
722:Joseph Stalin
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
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674:
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510:
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2926:coat of arms
2796:universities
2786:Demographics
2706:Central bank
2625:
2603:Human rights
2557:Constitution
2422:EU accession
2243:independence
2081:in athletics
2017:Baltic Tiger
1984:Air Policing
1861:
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1637:Bibliography
1622:. Retrieved
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846:, headed by
820:conscription
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766:
735:
684:White Russia
677:
630:World War II
622:Soviet Union
619:
440:Estonian SSR
367:
337:
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251:from Estonia
245:Deportations
244:
224:to Lithuania
207:
175:
113:
87:Soviet Union
82:Nazi Germany
26:
2823:Lithuanians
2713:e-Residency
2696:Agriculture
2660:Naval Force
2504:SuwaĆki Gap
2380:Restoration
2310:occupations
2241:Revival and
2200:Grand Duchy
2086:in swimming
1252:Dear (2001)
967:JĂŒri Uluots
936:JĂŒri Uluots
926:soomepoisid
896: [
848:JĂŒri Uluots
812:1945 VE Day
728:during the
445:Latvian SSR
256:from Latvia
2988:Categories
2881:Literature
2655:Land Force
2629:parliament
2579:Government
2550:elderships
2397:Baltic Way
2344:Resistance
2058:Baltic Cup
1916:Baltic Way
1847:Background
1837:Occupation
1234:References
682:, and the
671:See also:
522:Lithuanian
480:Rahvarinne
460:Baltic Way
349:Resistance
344:Occupation
327:Resistance
322:Occupation
305:Resistance
300:Occupation
214:to Estonia
99:Background
29:See also:
2896:Mythology
2791:Education
2733:Transport
2665:Air Force
2620:President
2569:Elections
2445:Geography
2339:Holocaust
2250:Press ban
2205:1219â1295
2158:Lithuania
1980:Military
1936:Geography
1806:Lithuania
1466:. p. 125.
1337:. p. 120.
1325:. p. 624.
1313:. p. 623.
1296:. p. 622.
1284:. p. 621.
1239:Citations
971:Otto Tief
952:Waffen SS
904:Satversme
700:Lithuania
688:Leningrad
634:Wehrmacht
547:Aftermath
354:Holocaust
338:Lithuania
332:Holocaust
310:Holocaust
219:to Latvia
2968:Category
2846:Calendar
2828:Religion
2818:Language
2738:airports
2647:Military
2540:counties
2523:Politics
2308:WWII and
2162:articles
2106:Category
2077:Records
2031:Regions
1964:Politics
1842:Timeline
1647:(2007).
1454:. p. 60.
1254:. p. 85.
1204:adopted
1184:but not
1182:de facto
1149:Spellman
956:Red Army
712:Moldavia
628:during
512:Estonian
208:Ultimata
48:a series
46:Part of
2952:Outline
2916:Symbols
2856:Cuisine
2838:Culture
2774:Society
2760:Tourism
2753:seaport
2684:Economy
2635:Speaker
2484:Forests
2469:Climate
2462:capital
2215:Kingdom
2170:History
2116:Commons
2010:Economy
1815:History
1780:Estonia
1186:de jure
1138:Halifax
1090:Finland
1024:to the
824:Vilnius
781:Finland
769:Tallinn
760:issued
708:Estonia
692:Kalinin
680:Ukraine
517:Latvian
470:SÄ
jƫdis
294:Estonia
2973:Portal
2921:anthem
2871:Design
2851:Cinema
2813:Health
2718:Energy
2626:Seimas
2499:Rivers
2457:Cities
2160:
1803:
1793:Latvia
1790:
1777:
1718:
1695:
1676:
1655:
1624:27 May
1615:
1410:
1391:
1372:
1353:
1154:Tehran
1022:Latvia
1004:. The
793:Danish
777:Sweden
726:Moscow
704:Latvia
696:Crimea
316:Latvia
50:on the
37:, and
2959:Index
2911:Sport
2886:Music
2748:roads
2701:Banks
2509:Towns
2489:Lakes
2479:Flora
2210:Duchy
2185:Balts
2178:Early
2051:Sport
1605:(PDF)
900:]
2931:flag
2901:Name
2743:rail
2723:Euro
2608:LGBT
1716:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1626:2023
1613:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1134:Eden
1061:and
1049:The
1011:The
984:The
889:Riga
842:The
795:and
773:NKVD
714:and
698:and
690:and
620:The
2591:Law
1097:".
950:of
880:.
799:.
779:or
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1301:^
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