261:, a character who speaks about a core principle of the Yakut world view. This principle is rooted in the belief that there are three separate worlds - the upper world ("gods"), the middle world ("people"), and the lower world ("devils"). It is considered taboo to upset the balance between the three worlds, for example when an inhabitant of one world fails to carry out their traditional role. In Oyunsky's story,
223:
The
Olonkho poems vary from a few thousand up to 40,000 verses in length. A typical Olonkho performance lasts 7–8 hours, starting at the beginning of an evening and continuing throughout the night, during which time approximately 7,000-8,000 lines of verse could be performed. Longer Olonkho may have
670:. Since the 1990s Olonkho have been used by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Sakha as teaching aids to primary school children - however some of the language of folklore (idioms, proverbs, riddles etc.) is considered too difficult, and simplified, shortened texts have been prepared.
482:
played a key role in the collection and publication of
Olonkho texts - though their primary purpose was the geographic and geological analysis of Siberia they also collected information about the region's inhabitants, and their cultures and languages. Early collectors of Sakha culture included
350:. The Yakuts (whose ancestors are thought to originate in southern Siberia/central Asia) were broadly isolated from the rest of the Turkic world for approximately 1000 years - the Olonkhos are thought to have retained many archaic aspects of ancient Turkic myths. The ancestors of
616:
also made a very important contribution to the wider dissemination of the
Olonkho scholars. However, unlike previous researchers he did compile his version of the tales from the oral tradition, but instead wrote the Olonkho in his own words - written between 1930 and 1937
250:
is the most well known and widely disseminated of the
Olonkhos. It is well known by most Yakut speakers and is considered to be a key part of the Yakut identity. It is one of the few Olonkhos to have been translated into a variety of other languages.
465:
stated that the historical conditions of epic creation were those of a nomadic cattle breeding lifestyle, coupled with migrations, and conditions of rapidly forming military unions, conflicts, and other violence in a system of 'military democracy'.
680:
had been translated into French and
English. First translated into Russian in 1947, the French text was based upon the Russian translation, and summarised the tale. The text with Russian and English translations was published in 2002.
332:
Prose versions of the story in Yakut were made by Elena
Sleptsova-Kuorsunnaakh in 2007, consisting of 201 tales. The work has also been converted to cartoon form, in Yakut, as well as English and German voiced versions.
227:
The beginning of a performance starts with a poetic recitation - other descriptive parts of the epic also take this form. Dialogue is sung. Gestures and facial expressions also form part of the performance.
219:
indicating different characters and themes through tone and melody. They contain archaic language, complex grammar, fantastic and symbolic imagery, as well as metaphor, simile, epithets, and hyperbole.
67:
556:(games). Helped by the local populace his compilation work continued until his death, producing records of folklore that continue to be important to later researchers. An anthology of Sakha folklore
673:
By 2003, around 150 full
Olonkhos had been collected of which 17 had been published. Around 300 Olonkhos are thought to have been known to olonkhosuts in the first half of the 20th century.
1826:
400:
proposed the
Olonkhos represented a memory of the culture of the 'Sakha' before the northern migration to the Lena basin, and dates to a period when the Sakha's predecessors lived near the
560:, the first volume of which was published in 1907, include work by Pekarsky as well as other researchers, including material from a research expedition of 1894-6 funded by gold mine owner
116:
beginning in the 18th century. Large-scale documentation epics was begun by 19th century exiles to
Siberia, as well as government-funded scholars in the 20th century in the
283:
in 2012. The first
English version, a translation of Vladimir Derzhavin's Russian text, was published in the 1990s. Oyunsky's version was published in English in 2014 as
636:
was formed in 1934, establishing folklore archives. In the late 1930s it began field expeditions to record oral culture in the region. After the great disruption of the
488:
246:
393:
also supported the idea of a southern origin, and suggested that the Olonkhos arose together with the northern migration, and the people's struggle for 'nationhood'.
594:
also made contributions to the study of Sakha culture. Having learnt the Sakha language he took part in the work funded by Sibiryakov, and translated full texts of
1341:
1365:
272:
591:
462:
386:
644:
in 1947. In the 1960s and 70s focus of the institute switch to textual analysis rather than collation, Important works during this period include the
389:(1888–1938) proposed a southern origin for the Sakha - part of the evidence of this was a supposed oral chronicle preserved in the Olonkho. Historian
587:
was published in 13 volumes between 1905 and 1930, also edited by Perkarskiy - examples of word usage drew on folklore and especially Olonkho texts.
397:
235:
published collections of Olonkhos, adapting the format to written medium by suitable for reading, dividing the poems into separate parts and songs.
105:. There are over one hundred recorded Olonkhos, varying in length from a few thousand to tens of thousands of verses, with the most well-known poem
537:
448:
370:
280:
329:- it was first performed in 1937 at the Yakut National Theater. The main character, Tuyaryma Kuo, is a symbol of female beauty and character.
456:
452:
444:
455:
made a comparative analysis of the epics of the Altain and Sayan peoples, and the Yakutian Olonkho, finding similarity with the Altain
421:
417:
117:
408:
with the Mongol's predecessors. Okladnikov claimed there was linguistic evidence for an origin of the Yakut language not in the mid
346:
The origins of the Olonkho epics is of interest not only in the context of Yakut history, but also in the wider field of comparative
663:(1985) published in a free Russian translation alongside the Sakha with the aim of both being as close to the original as possible.
412:
basin, but somewhere where other Turkic and Mongol peoples lived. He linked their origins to the western Baikal region, where the
424:
lived, and suggested that those tribes ancestors were the Yakut's ancestors - so-called "forest peoples", who lived east of the
1488:- recordings of folklore in the original language, with texts in the original language, and Russian translation and commentary
1606:
763:
526:, though he did not record any Olonkhos. A. Hudyakov also compiled some Olonkhos and other oral material during his exile in
1672:
Tarasova, Zoya (Winter 2013), "The Role of Women in the Sakha Epic olongkho "N'urgun Bootur the Swift" by Platon Oiunskii",
1425:
Popova, Galina Semenovna (2018), "Cultural Analyses of the Olonkho Epic Text by P. A. Oyunsky "Nyurgun Bootur the Swift"",
1738:
310:
A recording of the work by Yakut Gavril Kolesov was made in 1954 - and 8 hour recording with Kolesov was published by
1582:
1559:
1536:
1512:
1473:
625:'s death in 1953 - his works were published 1959–60 in seven volumes; the fourth, fifth and sixth volumes formed the
703:, a narrated epic found in the folklore of the Buryats, as well as in Mongolia, Tibet and elsewhere in Central Asia
576:), and Cookuskay. Material from other regions remained essentially uncollated due to transportation difficulties.
1301:
Ivanov, V; Koriakina, A; Savvinova, G.; Anisimov, R. (2018), "On the Issue of Origin of the Yakut Epic Olonkho",
522:(1887). Tsarist exile V. L. Serosevskiy compiled important information on the Onlonho tradition in his monograph
1388:
358:(the closest ethnic group to Sakha) people left their homeland probably not earlier than the 13th century since
1795:
1692:
Burykin, Alexey Alexeyevich (2018), "Yakut-Even Folklore Correlations in Epic Genres of the Evens of Yakutia",
269:
proposed that Oyunsky added the character to the tale to warn of contemporary and future threats to the Sakha.
1400:
868:
864:
621:
in nine episodes totalling 36,000 words. A ban on the publication of his works was not lifted until after
534:, which was compiled as it was performed, and so represents the earliest useful source for the tradition.
479:
215:), perform Olonkhos through a mixture of spoken verse descriptions and sung character dialogue, with the
113:
484:
1624:
Pavlova, O. (2018), "Mythological Image in Olonkho of the North-Eastern Yakut Tradition: Sacred Tree",
1031:
1836:
492:
369:, an idea which informed contemporary attempts at explanation of the origin of the Olonkhos. In 1927
1841:
1366:"The Performance Tradition of the Sakha Heroic Epic Olonkho and its Transformations in Modern Life"
1831:
748:
365:
In the late 19th century, thought that the Yakuts had their origin somewhere to the south of the
93:
is used to refer to the entire Yakut epic tradition as well as individual epic poems. An ancient
1592:
1568:
1545:
1522:
1498:
1285:
872:
821:
573:
1786:
1821:
569:
413:
1401:"Olonkho 'Nurgun Botur the Swift' By Platon Oyunsky as a 'Strong' Text of the Yakut Culture"
561:
666:
In 1997, Olonkhos were recognized as part of "Humanity's Oral and Intangible Heritage" by
8:
1805:
1491:
133:
1782:(in Russian, Khotanese, English, French, German, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Turkish)
459:
epic, and commonalities with most epics of Turkic-speaking peoples in the Altai region.
1776:"Портал информационной системы "Олонхо" [Portal of Olonkho Information System]"
1744:
1380:
700:
541:
1748:
1734:
1602:
1578:
1555:
1532:
1508:
1469:
1353:
759:
565:
564:. This work focused mainly on the central region of Yakutia, including Taatta, Amma (
1324:
451:
had folklore that corresponded to the beginnings of the Yakut's myths. In the 2000s
192:
1726:
1701:
1681:
1659:
1633:
1461:
1434:
1412:
1384:
1310:
637:
613:
470:
state that the plots, characters, etc. of the Olonkhos well match such conditions.
390:
347:
276:
257:'s version was written in the 1920s and 1930s. Oyunsky expanded the story, adding
145:
71:
1091:
1067:
1055:
511:
401:
304:
300:
296:
288:
49:
101:
of Yakuts in the 14th century, making Olonkho among the oldest epic arts of any
1103:
1079:
1043:
718:
690:
Timofey Stepanov produced a series of large scale paintings based on Ohlonkhos.
425:
254:
232:
208:
196:
102:
94:
79:
23:
1286:"OLONHO METİNLERİNİN DERLENMESİ VE YAYIMLANMASIYLA İLGİLİ ÇALIŞMALARIN TARİHİ"
1815:
1706:
1638:
1439:
1417:
1357:
1315:
712:
583:
was a cultural turning point in the compilation and study of the Olonkhos. A
429:
265:
becomes involved in the narrative because of an imbalance in the worlds, and
157:
1721:
Oyunsky, P. A. (2013), Ivanov, Vasily; Yegorova-Johnstone, Svetlana (eds.),
1685:
1664:
1647:
303:(Krivoshapkin-Nyimkalan, 1996–2003). A version for children was produced in
292:
1460:, Folklore Studies in a Multicultural World, University of Illinois Press,
1288:[History of the compilation and publication of the Olonkho texts],
860:
503:
by A. Y. Uvaroskiy was published in German translation in 1851 in the work
437:
359:
351:
1730:
1346:
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 2
1465:
527:
433:
378:
86:
1652:
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences
499:, published in 1878, becoming the first published Olonkho. A summary of
706:
409:
382:
366:
1554:], vol. 10, "Наука", Сибирская издательская фирма РАН, 1996,
98:
540:
was exiled to the region between 1881 and 1905, initially in Taatta (
362:
and his bellicose campaigns are present in Sakha folklore and epics.
279:
in 1975, and another annotated Russian translations was published by
724:
374:
311:
44:
875:
has undergone from earlier record periods - modern day Yakut uses
1484:
Monuments of folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East
355:
83:
1342:"Problems of (Un)translatability in the Yakut Epic Text Olonkho"
1300:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
467:
385:
basin, using the Olonkhos as a source themselves. Ethnographer
975:
667:
622:
405:
325:
was created by Platon Oyunsky in the 1930s as a drama based on
1327:[Collection of, and research on - the Olonkho texts],
1021:
1019:
1006:
1004:
1002:
491:
in the 18th century. During an expedition of 1842-5 biologist
179:
is the person/storyteller who performs the saga, and the verb
1531:], vol. 9, Наука, Сибирская издательская фирма РАН,
1458:
Storytelling in Siberia: The Olonkho Epic in a Changing World
987:
939:
1827:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
1763:
887:
885:
1529:
Historical Stories, Legends and Myths of Sakha (the Yakuts)
1016:
999:
780:
778:
776:
774:
659:(1981), an Olonkho whose main protagonist is a woman; and
1648:"The Image of the North in the Yakut Heroic Epic Olonkho"
929:
927:
914:
912:
882:
897:
771:
642:
Saha Dilini, Edebiyatını ve Tarihini Arastırma Enstitüsü
1775:
1213:
1191:
1189:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1147:
1145:
1120:
1118:
802:
1520:
1249:
1225:
1201:
1174:
1130:
924:
909:
963:
951:
544:), there drawing on the rich local oral tradition of
112:
Olonkho was first documented by Europeans during the
1766:[Scientific Research Institute of Olonkho],
1261:
1237:
1186:
1157:
1142:
1115:
646:
Yakutskiy Geroiçeskiy Epos Olonkho - Osnovnıe Obrazı
60:
790:
473:
97:, it is thought that many of the poems predate the
34:
1325:"Olonkho Metinlerinin Toplanması ve Araştırılması"
634:Saha Dili ve Kültürü Bilimsel Arastırma Enstitüsü
1813:
510:P. K. Maak was an official in the Bülüü region (
341:
186:
195:, and oral performance continues today in the
123:
1552:The Yakut Heroic Epic “Er Sogotokh The Brave”
1547:Якутский героический эпос: Могучий Эр Соготох
1290:Gazi Türkiyat Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi
1764:"научно-исследовательского института Олонхо"
1398:
1025:
1010:
993:
945:
175:refers to the saga/epic itself. In Yakut an
1694:Journal of History Culture and Art Research
1626:Journal of History Culture and Art Research
1521:Emel'Janov, N. V.; Rozhnova, S. P. (1995),
1427:Journal of History Culture and Art Research
1405:Journal of History Culture and Art Research
1322:
1303:Journal of History Culture and Art Research
891:
373:inferred that the Yakuts originated in the
238:
144:) and has been argued to be related to the
1645:
1363:
1339:
918:
903:
784:
495:also collated a short section of the tale
140:that also means 'saga,' (cognate of Uzbek
118:Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
1705:
1663:
1637:
1438:
1416:
1314:
1040:, pp. 194–5, Abstract, Introduction.
1671:
1500:Якутский героический эпос: Кыыс Дэбилийэ
746:
742:
740:
1720:
1691:
1623:
1590:
1575:The Ritual Poetry of the Sakha (Yakuts)
307:by Jankel Karro and Lina Sabaraikina.
1814:
1806:The Olonkho Nyurgun Bootur - The Rapid
1524:Предания, легенды и мифы саха (якутов)
1455:
1424:
981:
969:
957:
266:
43:
1505:The Yakut Heroic Epic “Kyys Debiliye”
1379:(3), translated by Harris, Robin P.,
1283:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1180:
1168:
1151:
1136:
1124:
933:
808:
796:
737:
684:
655:Important later publications include
627:Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur Olonkhosu’na
608:Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov
581:Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov
558:Obraztsı Narodnoy Literaturı Yakutov
231:In the 1930s, the Yakut philologist
1481:
1364:Illarionov, Vasilii V. (Dec 2013),
606:into Russian in the 1929 volume of
317:
191:The epics were originally strictly
13:
1577:], vol. 24, Наука, 2003,
676:As of 2009, only one Olonkho, the
661:Kuruubay Haannaah Kulun Kullustuur
562:Aleksander Mikhaylovich Sibiryakov
14:
1853:
1756:
1507:], vol. 4, Наука, 1993,
657:Cırıbına Cırılıatta Kııs Buhatıır
619:Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur Olonkhosu
530:between 1867 and 1874, including
520:Vilüyskiy Okrug Yakutskaya Oblast
132:is believed to be related to the
514:) in the 1850s and compiled the
474:Olonkho research and translation
224:taken over a month to complete.
109:containing over 36,000 verses.
1723:Olonkho: Nurgun Botur the Swift
447:suggested that the 7th century
285:Olonkho: Nurgun Botur the Swift
1570:Обрядовая поэзия саха (якутов)
1329:Türkiyat Araştirmalari Dergisi
837:
814:
579:The publication of the series
501:Ereydeeh Buruuydaah Er Sogotoh
287:. Other translations include:
1:
1646:Nakhodkina, Alina A. (2018),
1448:
1340:Nakhodkina, Alina A. (2014),
731:
650:Oçerki Po Yakutskomu Folkloru
648:(V. Puhov, 1962); as well as
640:the institute was renamed to
342:Origins of Olonkhos and Sakha
1601:], vol. 27, Наука,
505:Über Die Sprache Der Jakuten
187:Performance and presentation
61:
35:
7:
1796:"Olonkho Yakut Heroic Epic"
1323:Kirişçioğlu, Fatih (2003),
758:(in Turkish), p. 233,
694:
678:Culuruyar Nurgun Bootur’dur
480:Russian Academy of Sciences
124:Etymology and related terms
114:Russian conquest of Siberia
10:
1858:
1276:
984:, p. 278, Conclusion.
823:Olonkho, Yakut heroic epos
572:), Mene Hanalas, Çurapçı (
336:
212:
53:
27:
16:Series of Yakut epic poems
1399:Razumovskaya, V. (2018),
493:Alexander von Middendorff
75:
1707:10.7596/taksad.v7i4.1818
1639:10.7596/taksad.v7i3.1720
1594:Якутские народные сказки
1486:(in English and Russian)
1440:10.7596/taksad.v7i3.1728
1418:10.7596/taksad.v7i4.1858
1316:10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1369
747:Karakurt, Deniz (2011),
585:Slovar Yakutskogo Yazıka
489:Yakov Ivanovich Lindenau
485:Gerhard Friedrich Müller
327:Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
247:Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
240:Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
107:Nyurgun Bootur the Swift
1686:10.3167/sib.2013.120302
1665:10.17516/1997-1370-0250
843:The difference between
727:, Finnish narrated epic
709:, Bashkir narrated epic
428:in lowlands around the
183:means to perform them.
1456:Harris, Robin (2017),
756:Türk Söylence Sözlüğü
721:, Kalmyk narrated epic
715:, Kyrgyz narrated epic
574:Churapchinsky District
1731:10.1515/9781898823377
1725:, Renaissance Books,
1482:Kuzmina, E.N. (ed.),
1284:Ersöz, Metin (2009),
570:Ust-Aldansky District
414:Orkhon-Yenisei script
377:area, moving via the
1591:г Унгер, Ф. (2008),
1466:10.5406/j.ctt1wf4d5p
275:published the first
99:northwards migration
41:Yakut pronunciation:
1599:The Yakut Folktales
811:, pp. 519–520.
1222:, pp. 529–60.
1110:Ivanov et al. 2018
1098:Ivanov et al. 2018
1086:Ivanov et al. 2018
1074:Ivanov et al. 2018
1062:Ivanov et al. 2018
1050:Ivanov et al. 2018
1038:Ivanov et al. 2018
701:Epic of King Gesar
542:Tattinsky District
516:Olonkholoon Oburgu
468:Ivanov et al. 2018
436:, and around the
432:, on the banks of
273:Vladimir Derzhavin
1800:yakutiatoday.info
1768:iolonkho.s-vfu.ru
1608:978-5-02-028691-7
1492:elibrary.ngonb.ru
1258:, pp. 535–6.
1234:, pp. 530–1.
1210:, pp. 526–9.
1139:, pp. 520–1.
1100:, pp. 198–9.
1076:, pp. 197–8.
1064:, pp. 195–6.
1026:Razumovskaya 2018
1011:Razumovskaya 2018
996:, pp. 367–8.
994:Razumovskaya 2018
948:, pp. 366–7.
946:Razumovskaya 2018
936:, pp. 525–6.
765:978-605-5618-03-2
592:S. V. Yastremskiy
566:Amginsky District
463:Ye.M. Meletinskiy
78:) is a series of
59:
33:
1849:
1837:Turkic mythology
1802:
1783:
1771:
1751:
1710:
1709:
1688:
1668:
1667:
1642:
1641:
1611:
1587:
1564:
1541:
1517:
1487:
1478:
1443:
1442:
1421:
1420:
1395:
1393:
1387:, archived from
1370:
1360:
1336:
1319:
1318:
1297:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1183:, p. 523-4.
1178:
1172:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1101:
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991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
922:
916:
907:
901:
895:
892:Kirişçioğlu 2003
889:
880:
870:
866:
841:
835:
834:
833:
831:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
769:
768:
753:
744:
685:Derivative works
638:Second World War
614:P. A. Oyuunuskay
391:Georgiy Basharin
387:G.V. Ksenofontov
348:Turkic mythology
318:Derivative works
214:
199:. Poets, called
77:
70:
64:
58:romanized:
57:
55:
47:
45:[oloŋχo]
42:
38:
32:romanized:
31:
29:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1842:Yakut mythology
1812:
1811:
1794:
1774:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1741:
1609:
1585:
1567:
1562:
1544:
1539:
1515:
1497:
1476:
1451:
1446:
1391:
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1262:
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1123:
1116:
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1096:
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1084:
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1072:
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944:
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925:
919:Illarionov 2013
917:
910:
906:, pp. 1–2.
904:Illarionov 2013
902:
898:
890:
883:
842:
838:
829:
827:
820:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
785:Nakhodkina 2014
783:
772:
766:
751:
745:
738:
734:
697:
687:
652:(Ergis, 1974).
600:Kulun Kullustur
552:(prayers), and
512:Verkhnevilyuysk
476:
398:A.P. Okladnikov
344:
339:
320:
277:Russian version
243:
189:
126:
66:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:Sakha Republic
1829:
1824:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1772:
1758:
1757:External links
1755:
1753:
1752:
1740:978-1898823087
1739:
1717:
1716:
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1711:
1689:
1669:
1658:(4): 579–589,
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1352:(2): 273–286,
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1320:
1309:(1): 194–204,
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1292:(in Turkish),
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1260:
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1102:
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1078:
1066:
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1042:
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1028:, p. 370.
1015:
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998:
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962:
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950:
938:
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908:
896:
894:, p. 227.
881:
873:Yakut language
836:
813:
801:
799:, p. 519.
789:
787:, p. 275.
770:
764:
735:
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719:Epic of Jangar
716:
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704:
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686:
683:
590:Another exile
568:), Uus Aldan (
538:E. K. Pekarsky
532:Haan Cargıstay
497:Eriedel Bergen
475:
472:
426:Yenisei Kyrgyz
343:
340:
338:
335:
319:
316:
263:Taas kiele ogo
259:Taas kiele ogo
255:Platon Oyunsky
242:
237:
197:Sakha Republic
188:
185:
164:is related to
156:'to be). The
125:
122:
103:Turkic peoples
95:oral tradition
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546:olonkhohutlar
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443:In the 1970s
441:
439:
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431:
430:Selenga River
427:
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419:
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411:
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403:
399:
396:In the 1950s
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25:
21:
1822:Poetic forms
1799:
1780:olonkho.info
1779:
1770:(in Russian)
1767:
1722:
1715:Translations
1697:
1693:
1680:(3): 28–55,
1677:
1673:
1655:
1651:
1632:(3): 79–87,
1629:
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1546:
1528:
1523:
1504:
1499:
1483:
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1430:
1426:
1408:
1404:
1389:the original
1376:
1372:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1328:
1306:
1302:
1296:(5): 519–540
1293:
1289:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
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1203:
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1132:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
921:, p. 2.
899:
876:
861:sound change
854:
852:
846:
844:
839:
828:, retrieved
822:
816:
804:
792:
755:
677:
675:
672:
665:
660:
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654:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
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607:
603:
599:
595:
589:
584:
580:
578:
557:
553:
549:
545:
536:
531:
523:
519:
515:
509:
504:
500:
496:
477:
461:
449:Orkhon Turks
442:
438:Angara River
395:
371:P.A. Oyunsky
364:
360:Genghis Khan
345:
331:
326:
323:Tuyaryma Kuo
322:
321:
309:
284:
281:Egor Sidorov
271:
262:
258:
253:
245:
244:
239:
233:P.A. Oyunsky
230:
226:
222:
216:
204:
200:
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180:
176:
172:
170:
165:
161:
153:
149:
141:
137:
129:
127:
111:
106:
90:
87:heroic epics
19:
18:
982:Popova 2018
970:Popova 2018
958:Popova 2018
859:reflects a
550:algısçıtlar
528:Verkhoyansk
457:Maaday-Kara
453:I.V. Pukhov
434:Lake Baikal
379:Transbaikal
267:Popova 2018
205:Olonkohosut
201:Olonkohohut
181:Olonkholoo-
89:. The term
1816:Categories
1787:Full texts
1449:Literature
1268:Ersöz 2009
1256:Ersöz 2009
1244:Ersöz 2009
1232:Ersöz 2009
1220:Ersöz 2009
1208:Ersöz 2009
1196:Ersöz 2009
1181:Ersöz 2009
1169:Ersöz 2009
1152:Ersöz 2009
1137:Ersöz 2009
1125:Ersöz 2009
934:Ersöz 2009
877:olonkhohut
871:which the
809:Ersöz 2009
797:Ersöz 2009
732:References
707:Ural-batyr
604:Sün Caahın
596:Er Sogotoh
445:G.U. Ergis
383:Lena River
367:Lena River
293:Miloš Krno
217:olonkhohut
177:Olonkhohut
134:Old Turkic
1789:(Russian)
1749:249054488
1700:(4): 85,
1358:2313-6014
830:9 January
548:(epics),
314:in 1968.
295:, 2012),
213:олоҥхоһут
171:The term
128:The term
68:‹See Tfd›
1674:Sibirica
1618:Analysis
1494:(mirror)
826:, UNESCO
749:"Olongo"
725:Kalevala
695:See also
554:oyuunlar
422:Qurykans
418:Guligans
375:Aral Sea
312:Melodiya
299:(2014),
1385:7592062
1373:GIALens
1277:Sources
853:olonkho
845:olonkho
518:in his
381:to the
337:History
173:Olonkho
166:olonkho
148:copula
146:Turkish
130:olonkho
91:Olonkho
76:Олонхо́
72:Russian
20:Olonkho
1747:
1737:
1605:
1581:
1558:
1535:
1511:
1472:
1383:
1356:
762:
668:UNESCO
623:Stalin
602:, and
524:Yakuti
416:using
406:Sayans
356:Dolgan
305:French
301:Evenki
297:Kyrgyz
289:Slovak
162:ontkno
158:Buryat
84:Dolgan
62:oloñko
54:олоӈко
50:Dolgan
36:oloñxo
28:олоҥхо
1808:(PDF)
1745:S2CID
1597:[
1573:[
1550:[
1527:[
1503:[
1392:(PDF)
1381:S2CID
1369:(PDF)
863:from
752:(PDF)
402:Altai
352:Sakha
209:Yakut
160:epic
154:olmak
142:o‘lan
136:word
80:Yakut
24:Yakut
1735:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1354:ISSN
832:2018
760:ISBN
632:The
487:and
478:The
420:and
410:Lena
404:and
354:and
193:oral
138:ölön
82:and
1727:doi
1702:doi
1682:doi
1660:doi
1634:doi
1462:doi
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1413:doi
1311:doi
869:/h/
867:to
865:/s/
203:or
150:ol-
1818::
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1778:,
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1188:^
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211::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.