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Croton and
Chapman arrived at the designated meeting point after dawn on 22 November 1944. They found some evidence of the commandos having been there – the beginnings of a large lean-to shelter in a clearing at the top of a hill, away from the original base site; empty rations tins; half-cooked food
905:
On 21 November 1944 the submarine reached
Merapas Island. Chapman and another commando, Corporal Croton, were worried about the surf and directed their landing folboat around the island to calmer waters, away from the set position at 0200. Chapman wanted to head back to the submarine but Croton drew
349:
deliver commandoes to enemy waters via submarine with 15 one-man, motorised submersible canoes known as "Sleeping
Beauties" (SBs) (these could be used on the surface or travel semi-submerged, with the operator's head above the water or fully submerged similar to a small submarine, the operator using
846:
On 4 November eighteen of the group were together on
Merapas Island. A small Japanese force landed on the island, and was attacked by the commandos. Two of the Rimau commandos – Riggs and Sergeant Colin Cameron – were killed in combat on the island, while the remainder now split into two groups and
858:
Australian forces intercepted a
Japanese coded message reporting activity by about twenty commandos in the attack area. However, if the Australians had responded, it would have shown that the Allies had broken the Japanese secret codes. So the appointed rescue submarine was not told of the sudden
780:
Three of the groups headed to
Merapas immediately. Lyon led his group into Singapore Harbour. It consisted of himself and a small force of six other men — Lieutenant Commander Donald "Davo" Davidson, Lieutenant Bobby Ross, Able Seaman Andrew "Happy" Huston, Corporal Clair Stewart, Corporal Archie
767:
Lyon knew the patrol boat would seek help from
Japanese occupation authorities and decided to abort the mission. He scuttled the junk and the Sleeping Beauties (which were top secret weapons at the time) with explosive charges. He then ordered his men to divide into four groups and make their way
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Lyon, Ross and
Stewart held off 80–90 opposing soldiers forcing them to fight for 9 hours and inflicting heavy casualties. Lyon and Ross had climbed trees for an elevated firing position, and remained unseen until muzzle flashes betrayed their positions and they were killed by grenades. Stewart
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On 7 November 1944 ten of the Rimau commandos were in place to meet the rescue submarine but it did not appear, as
Mackenzie had instead chosen to hunt for enemy shipping in the area. He made this decision in consultation with Major Chapman, Z Special Unit's contact on the submarine.
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Shots were fired between the vessels – it was later deduced one of the
Australian commandos aboard panicked and started firing at the approaching patrol boat. Some of the patrol boat crew were killed but at least one escaped and managed to get back to report the incident.
1224:"The Official History of the Operations and Administration of] Special Operations - Australia [(SOA), also known as the Inter-Allied Services Department (ISD) and Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD)] Volume 2 - Operations Part 5 p 11-16"
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will leave her patrol at dark on 7 November and proceed to the vicinity of Merapas Island.... In the event of the pick up party and the RIMAU party failing to keep the rendezvous for the embarkation, the greatest caution is to be exercised by
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arrived at Merapas on 4 October 1944. It appears Lyon decided to divide the party into two groups: 19 commandoes to take part in the raid, while four men would be left behind. These were meant to be Carey, Warren, Craft and Cameron or Pace.
310:", would be used to gain access to the harbour, however, they resorted to folboats. After the raiding party's discovery by local Malay authorities, a total of thirteen men (including raid commander Lyon) were killed during battles with the
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The Australians ambushed the Japanese and their native auxiliaries. A gun battle ensued. Davidson and Campbell were severely wounded. Lyon, Ross and Stewart stayed on Soreh to hold off the Japanese in order for the wounded duo to escape.
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A Japanese patrol caught up with them and arrived at the island at about 1400 hours and a gun battle ensued. The Australians withdrew to the western end of the northern beach, having selected two defensive positions in an unexposed area.
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After the success of the earlier Operation Jaywick mission in September 1943, Ivan Lyon started preparing for Operation Rimau. 'Rimau' is the Malay word for 'tiger' and Lyon had a large multi-coloured tiger head tattooed on his chest.
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Croton and Chapman returned to the submarine. Chapman and Mackenzie agreed that the operation had likely been a failure and that no purpose could be served in returning to Merapas, contrary to what had been planned.
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s main objective was offensive action against the Japanese and the orders to the Rimau party were that they might expect to be picked up at any time within a month of the initial rendezvous date.
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in Singapore. One commando, Marsh, died of malaria. During the imprisonment the men were tortured and provided starvation rations similar to those provided to other prisoners in the facility.
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is responsible for the safety of the submarine which is to be his first consideration and has discretion to cancel or postpone the operation at any time.... Subject to patrol requirements HMS
802:
On 14 October 1944 some commandos were reported as being on Pankgil Island (thought now to most likely be Page's group). Japanese soldiers were sent to the island but did not find them.
1174:
Report on Attempted Pickup of ‘RIMAU’ Party by HMS ‘TANTALUS’, Appendix 1, Operation Order No. 44, Major WW Chapman 12/12/1944. File RIMAU Reports Copy 1, NAA Item Number A3269, E4/C.
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Once the 7 December 1944 final deadline passed, the survivors realised that they would not be rescued. They attempted to make their way home the 3,000-kilometre distance to Australia.
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It is probable that some of the folboat parties stopped on the headland of north-western Batam and left. Batam had been used during ‘Jaywick’ as a hiding place by Davidson in 1943.
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The wounded Davidson and Campbell made it by folboat to Tapai Island on 16 October 1944. Both men died there, either from their wounds or committing suicide by cyanide capsule.
866:, Lieutenant Commander Hugh Mackenzie, were to go to the rescue rendezvous area of Merapas Island on 7 November 1944, and to remain there until 7 December 1944 if necessary.
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in March 1945. Pace died of starvation several months later in June 1945 in the same facility. Both were buried on a hill approximately 200 metres from the prison facility.
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None of the officials in Australia who knew that the Rimau commandos were in trouble tried to contact the submarine and order them to remain in the area for any survivors.
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on 23 September 1944. Although the island was believed to be uninhabited, a periscope reconnaissance the following day spotted three Malays beside a canoe on the beach.
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near Kasoe Island and Samboe Island. (The Japanese had increased surveillance of the area since Operation Jaywick.) It is unclear why the patrol boat approached the
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on 'Commando Cookers'; fires seemingly kicked out; a few pieces of silver foil; empty cigarette cartons. They did not question local people about what happened.
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using the "Sleeping Beauties", the party was to attach limpet mines to Japanese ships, sink thirty of them, damage another thirty, and escape to their base on
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came to an end. Later evidence stated it took guards more than half an hour to execute the men, sometimes requiring two or three blows to complete beheading.
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890:, who should not hesitate to abandon the operation if contact is not re-established, or if he has some reason to suspect that the operation is compromised.
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760:– various theories offered included: the ship flew the wrong flag; it was a suspicious size; the sailors were identified as white men, and not Malays.
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945:, some 350–400 miles from Australia after a journey of approximately 2,000 miles by folboat. Willersdorf died of his wounds in Japanese captivity in
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On 10 October 1944, two hours before sunset and an hour before the raid was to commence, disaster struck. A coastal Malay Police patrol boat, the
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if the submarine failed to make contact with them it would stay in the area, returning to the designated point every night until 8 December 1944.
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did unleash a punitive force of at least 100 soldiers led by Major Hajime Fujita including army, navy and native police to find the commandoes.
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arrived safely back in Fremantle on 11 October 1944. On 15 October 1944, Chapman, along with Corporal Ronald Croton, embarked in the submarine
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at a number of island locations or were captured and died of their wounds in Japanese captivity. A group of ten commandos were transported to
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in 1993 with the help of locals present on the island at the time of their death and transferred to Singapore for burial in August 1994. "
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Warne was able to evade Japanese patrols until March 1945 but was captured after a bout of delirium brought on by fever. He was taken to
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two canoes would travel north to the vicinity of Labon Island to secure a hide for the junk and for another canoe to proceed to Subar;
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which moved off on the evening of 24 September 1944 to capture a native boat. It followed Karimato Strait along the Borneo coast.
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Attestation of 7 Commissioned officers of 'Z' Special Unit that Hoehn folboats were used in Operation Rimau. NAA K1214-123/1/06.
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Over the next two nights, 29–30 September 1944, the Rimau commandoes, the SBs, folboats and other stores were transferred from
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Harbour, reaching the vicinity of the harbour on or around 6 October 1944. It was thought to have been off the west coast of
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to Merapas Island. The Rimau Commandos disguised themselves as Malays by wearing sarongs and dyeing their skin. The
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the officer was to spend the time observing targets and later rendezvous with the junk to participate in the attack;
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under the control of the Naval Police and interrogated so brutally he died of untreated wounds one month later.
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remained at large, but his folboat was taken and he was found days later on a subsequent sweep of the island.
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resumed its patrol and arrived back in Fremantle on 6 December 1944 having never returned to Merapas Island.
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They are believed to have sunk three ships with limpet mines, although evidence confirming this is limited.
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382:) late on 9 October 1944 for 24 hours to allow an officer to carry out a reconnaissance from Pulau Subar ("
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The mission consisted of 23 men with an additional two performing the duties of "conducting officers".
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On 15 October, five of the men (Lyon, Davidson, Ross, Stewart and Campbell) were on Soreah Island, or
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delivering mines by special one-man motorised submersible canoes (called ‘Sleeping Beauties’, or SBs);
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To ensure that their stores would remain undiscovered by the natives, one of the officers from the
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submerged with both vessels making their way back west towards a forward operational base at
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Success and failure in the port of Singapore—Z Special Unit and the Jaywick and Rimau raids
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Over two weeks nearly all the men were either captured, killed in firefights or drowned.
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Once completed on 1 October 1944 the second conducting officer, Major Walter Chapman and
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on ships. It was originally intended that motorised semi-submersible canoes, known as "
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1063:" (1982) is a semi-fictionalized Australian / Japanese TV movie about the operation.
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which had taken place in September 1943, and was again led by Lieutenant Colonel
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The memorial to Operation Rimau outside the entrance to the Kranji War Memorial
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and was the intended forward point from which the attack was to be launched.
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1154:"Two heroes to be honoured over war raid on Japanese (From Herald Scotland)"
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Two heroes to be honoured over war raid on Japanese (From Herald Scotland)
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which they would use as a base and place enough supplies for three months;
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after darkness, the crew was to move the junk to an attack base at Labon
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In all, eleven members of the contingent were captured and brought to
850:(The bodies of Riggs and Cameron were discovered on Merapas in 1994.)
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left Australia on 15 October 1944. The orders of the captain stated:
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Commemorative marker for the Mustika at Rockingham, Western Australia
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in Singapore after capture by the Japanese, were tried on charges of
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and was due to rendezvous with the Rimau party on 8 November 1944.
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Operation Rimau commemorative marker, Rockingham, Western Australia
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Two men, Willersdorf and Pace were captured on 17 January 1945 on
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return to a rendezvous with the submarine on 7/8 November 1944 at
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272:
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had no engine though so the commandoes were dependent on winds.
1090:"Operations Hornbill, Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD)"
1055:. The bodies of two men (Riggs and Cameron) were discovered on
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Nineteen of the Rimau commandos, including Lyon, are buried at
768:
back to Merapas by use of the folboats that they had stored on
618:
494:
Warrant Officer Jeffrey Willersdorf – Maintenance Technician.;
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686:. This submarine was conducting an offensive patrol in the
575:, Lieutenant Walter Carey, remained on Merapas as a guard.
862:
The orders to the commander of the rescue submarine, HMS
772:. The groups were led by Lyon, Davidson, Page and Ross.
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Commando Kayak: The Australian Folboat, Pacific Campaign
736:. Pulau Laban is located at a distance of 11 miles from
375:
Harbour undetected, disguising the commandos as locals;
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have the commandoes capture a small local fishing boat;
994:
Official Japanese records state that the ten men were
1245:
Chapter in Rimau in Official History of World War Two
518:
Lance Corporal John Hardy – Infantry and Maintenance;
1130:
509:
Corporal Roland Fletcher – Infantry and Maintenance;
296:Originally part of a much larger operation called
1044:The bodies were dumped in three unmarked graves.
991:. They were found guilty and sentenced to death.
438:capturing a boat rather than sailing in one from
350:artificial breathing apparatus similar to modern
2040:
530:Private Douglas Warne – Infantry and Maintenance
497:Sergeant Colin Cameron – Maintenance Technician;
435:a larger operational team (23 as opposed to 14);
1189:Kill the Tiger: The Truth About Operation Rimau
1002:on 7 July 1945, approximately one month before
500:Sergeant David Gooley – Maintenance Technician;
485:Lieutenant Walter Chapman – conducting officer;
1330:British Commando raids of the Second World War
1240:In Memoriam: Major Reginald “Otto” M. INGLETON
775:
512:Corporal Hugo Pace – Infantry and Maintenance;
1314:
1187:Thompson, Peter and Macklin, Robert. (2002).
476:Lieutenant Walter Carey – conducting officer,
1205:. hirschbooks.net & ozatwar.com/hoehn .
1142:, Lynette Ramsay Silver OAM, 11 January 2012
669:where they stayed for the rest of the war.)
534:(* means participated in Operation Jaywick)
460:Lieutenant Commander Donald Davidson, RNVR*;
271:using Australian built Hoehn military MKIII
2069:Battles of World War II involving Australia
2028:List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall
1256:Operation Rimau: What Went Wrong (Part Two)
1250:Operation Rimau: What Went Wrong (Part One)
983:On 3 July 1945, they were put on trial for
693:
1321:
1307:
682:under the command of Lieutenant Commander
665:. (The Malay crew would be transported to
103:
805:
445:the boat captured did not have an engine.
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
967:
963:
743:
592:
34:This article includes a list of general
601:On the afternoon 28 September 1944 the
378:reach the Bay of Kepala Jernih (in the
275:. It was a follow-up to the successful
2041:
402:by paddling their way back in two-man
1302:
585:
1258:at Australian Bunker Military Museum
1252:at Australian Bunker Military Museum
781:Campbell and Private Douglas Warne.
578:The rest of the party stayed in the
560:The submarine reached the island of
542:Lyon and his men left their base in
20:
2074:World War II British Commando raids
926:
515:Corporal Clair Stewart – signaller;
13:
906:his pistol and forced Chapman on.
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2085:
1235:MINDEF Singapore: Operation Rimau
1216:
853:
841:
794:
506:Corporal Colin Craft – signaller;
488:Sub-Lieutenant Gregor Riggs, RNVR
16:Allied attack during World War II
188:
160:
93:Japanese occupation of Singapore
25:
833:
473:Lieutenant Bruno Reymond, RANR;
406:, seventy miles to the east of
1228:National Archives of Australia
1168:
1146:
1082:
1073:
1025:Warrant Officer Alfred Warren,
787:The Singapore Garrison of the
491:Warrant Officer Alfred Warren;
449:The members of the team were:
289:, an infantry regiment of the
1:
2059:Military history of Singapore
1181:
550:aboard the British submarine
527:Able Seaman Frederick Marsh*;
404:folboats (collapsible canoes)
330:and executed on 7 July 1945.
537:
463:Major Reginald Ingleton, RM;
237:13 killed or died in custody
7:
2064:Special forces of Australia
1119:, ANZAC Day, archived from
1004:World War II in the Pacific
877:The Commanding Officer HMS
847:went to different islands.
776:Attack on Singapore Harbour
657:s Malayan crew returned to
524:Able Seaman Andrew Huston*;
333:
256:Harbour, carried out by an
10:
2090:
1019:Lieutenant Albert Sargent,
859:urgency of the situation.
814:, a small island just off
521:Able Seaman Walter Falls*;
482:Lieutenant Albert Sargent,
424:The main differences from
357:travel to the uninhabited
2018:
1336:
1285:1.2877583°N 103.8658139°E
1040:Lance Corporal John Hardy
1037:Able Seaman Walter Falls,
1034:Corporal Roland Fletcher,
503:Corporal Archie Campbell;
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85:
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1022:Lieutenant Walter Carey,
1013:Major Reginald Ingleton,
694:Return to Merapas Island
1031:Corporal Clair Stewart,
818:, near Pankgil Island.
479:Lieutenant Robert Ross,
55:more precise citations.
1290:1.2877583; 103.8658139
1028:Sergeant David Gooley,
1009:The men executed were
973:
892:
806:Battle of Soreh Island
789:Imperial Japanese Army
628:Twelve minutes later,
617:off the west coast of
598:
557:on 11 September 1944.
371:sail the boat towards
179:Commanders and leaders
1201:Hoehn, John. (2011).
1139:Rimau Historic Marker
971:
964:Capture and execution
875:
744:Contact with Japanese
596:
227:Casualties and losses
1156:. Heraldscotland.com
1016:Captain Robert Page,
728:then headed towards
380:Tambelan Archipelago
232:claimed 3 ships sunk
1281: /
1230:. pp. 551–561.
1049:Kranji War Memorial
453:Lieutenant Colonel
978:Outram Road Prison
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599:
299:Operation Hornbill
287:Gordon Highlanders
121:10–16 October 1944
2054:1944 in Singapore
2049:Conflicts in 1944
2036:
2035:
2023:British Commandos
1211:978-3-033-01717-7
1197:978-0-7336-1448-4
1061:The Highest Honor
752:, challenged the
701:returned via the
564:off the coast of
548:Western Australia
426:Operation Jaywick
345:The plan was to:
312:Japanese military
308:Sleeping Beauties
278:Operation Jaywick
248:was an attack on
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61:February 2010
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2003:Twin Pimples
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1273:1°17′15.93″N
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1158:. Retrieved
1148:
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1121:the original
1112:
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1094:. Retrieved
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352:Scuba diving
344:
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304:limpet mines
297:
295:
291:British Army
276:
269:World War II
252:shipping in
245:
244:
217:23 commandos
200:
154:Belligerents
97:World War II
91:Part of the
67:
58:
39:
18:
1990:Thistledown
1770:Houndsworth
1412:Abercrombie
1288: /
1160:6 September
1096:6 September
816:Pulau Mapur
812:Pulau Asore
734:Pulau Batam
586:Capture of
468:Robert Page
354:equipment);
239:10 executed
53:introducing
2043:Categories
1936:Roundabout
1901:Postmaster
1742:Gunnerside
1693:Fahrenheit
1356:Ambassador
1342:Abstention
1191:. Hodder.
1182:References
951:East Timor
613:named the
605:stopped a
36:references
1976:Speedwell
1950:Saxifrage
1908:Partridge
1861:Narcissus
1847:Musketoon
1784:Infatuate
1777:Huckaback
1623:Driftwood
1609:Checkmate
1532:Candytuft
1496:Barricade
1482:Bulbasket
1419:Acid Drop
1349:Agreement
1053:Singapore
989:espionage
943:Indonesia
730:Singapore
677:HMS
667:Fremantle
659:Australia
623:Pontianak
538:Operation
455:Ivan Lyon
440:Australia
408:Singapore
373:Singapore
363:Indonesia
324:espionage
283:Ivan Lyon
267:, during
254:Singapore
195:Ivan Lyon
135:Indonesia
131:Singapore
1983:Tarbrush
1854:Myrmidon
1819:Keystone
1763:Hawthorn
1749:Hardtack
1728:Gauntlet
1686:Freshman
1679:Frankton
1665:Exporter
1651:Deep Cut
1595:Crackers
1567:Colossus
1546:Claymore
1539:Chestnut
1520:Branford
1507:Hill 170
1433:Astrakan
1377:Aquatint
996:beheaded
958:Surabaya
941:Island,
918:Tantalus
897:Tantalus
888:Tantalus
883:Tantalus
879:Tantalus
871:Tantalus
864:Tantalus
703:Java Sea
679:Tantalus
673:Porpoise
663:Porpoise
641:Porpoise
630:Porpoise
611:Ketapang
603:Porpoise
580:Porpoise
573:Porpoise
554:Porpoise
466:Captain
334:Planning
273:folboats
261:commando
250:Japanese
209:Strength
126:Location
2009:Wallace
1997:Tombola
1969:Sunstar
1957:Savanna
1943:Rumford
1894:Opossum
1840:Manacle
1798:Jubilee
1791:Jaywick
1714:Foxrock
1707:Farrier
1672:Flipper
1644:Dunhill
1616:Chopper
1581:Chariot
1574:Cartoon
1513:Bristle
1475:Begonia
1426:Albumen
1405:Archway
1398:Amherst
1370:Archery
985:perfidy
770:Mustika
758:Mustika
754:Mustika
726:Mustika
718:Mustika
711:Mustika
699:Mustika
661:in HMS
652:Mustika
645:Mustika
615:Mustika
588:Mustika
562:Merapas
320:perfidy
285:of the
201:†
95:during
49:improve
1915:Pistol
1880:Nicety
1873:Newton
1867:Nelson
1826:Loyton
1812:Kitbag
1735:Grouse
1700:Forfar
1588:Canuck
1560:Collar
1502:Bardia
1489:Brandy
1468:Batman
1461:Bigamy
1454:Biting
1447:Basalt
1440:Baobab
1384:Aflame
1363:Anklet
1209:
1195:
939:Romang
750:Hei Ho
619:Borneo
428:were:
258:Allied
197:
165:
142:Result
38:, but
1929:Roast
1922:Rimau
1833:Maple
1756:Hardy
1658:Devon
1637:Defoe
1630:Dryad
1602:Chess
1391:Anglo
1124:(PDF)
1117:(PDF)
1067:Notes
900:'
655:'
621:near
609:from
263:unit
1887:Noah
1721:Gaff
1207:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1162:2015
1098:2015
987:and
947:Dili
869:The
724:The
716:The
705:and
607:junk
552:HMS
322:and
221:junk
118:Date
1805:J V
1051:in
998:at
643:to
546:in
386:");
361:in
214:N/A
184:N/A
2045::
1226:.
949:,
647:.
636:.
470:*;
457:*,
293:.
219:1
1322:e
1315:t
1308:v
1164:.
1100:.
442:;
417:;
410:;
74:)
68:(
63:)
59:(
45:.
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