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Osteoderm

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25: 153: 731: 788: 141: 260:). The heavy, bony osteoderms have evolved independently in many different lineages. The armadillo osteoderm is believed to develop in subcutaneous dermal tissues. These varied structures should be thought of as anatomical analogues, not 308:, caused by being submerged under water for longer periods of time and leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. The calcium and magnesium in the dermal bone will release alkaline ions into the bloodstream, acting as a 303:
The osteoderms of modern crocodilians are heavily vascularized, and can function as both armor and as heat-exchangers, allowing these large reptiles to rapidly raise or lower their temperature. Another function is to neutralize
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge. 55: 79: 292:
population during embryonic development of the organism. The scleroblastic neural crest cell population shares some homologous characteristics associated with the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
545:"Vascularization in ornamented osteoderms: Physiological implications in ectothermy and amphibious lifestyle in the crocodylomorphs?" 387: 772: 822: 74: 97: 873: 716: 110:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Hill, R.V. (December 2006). "Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms".
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are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
656: 635: 439:(Archosauria, Crocodylia) with comments on the homology of osteoderms" 403: 787: 561: 544: 265: 246: 242: 223: 215: 183: 145: 156:
Armadillo skeleton, with shell made of osteoderms (displayed at the
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to this template: there are already 1,886 articles in the
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Clarac, F.; Buffrénil, V; Cubo, J; Quilhac, A (2018).
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Vickaryous, Matthew K.; Sire, Jean-Yves (2009-04-01).
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
633: 840: 485: 432: 381: 379: 104:accompanying your translation by providing an 49:Click for important translation instructions. 36:expand this article with text translated from 823: 766: 583: 634:Jackson, DC.; Andrade, D.; Abe, AS. (2003). 640:, following capture and forced submergence" 433:Vickaryous, M.K.; Hall, B.K. (April 2008). 376: 276:and are an example of what has been termed 830: 816: 773: 759: 312:against acidification of the body fluids. 268:. The structures are however derived from 680:"Antacid armour key to tetrapod survival" 655: 560: 519: 454: 171:. Osteoderms are found in many groups of 202:(extinct amphibians), various groups of 151: 139: 435:"Development of the dermal skeleton in 385: 841: 241:, although they have occurred in many 709:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 288:, and are derived from a scleroblast 782: 725: 339: 18: 627: 577: 13: 701: 264:, and do not necessarily indicate 14: 885: 148:'s skin, revealing the osteoderms 786: 729: 584:Clarac, F.; Quilhac, A. (2019). 504:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01043.x 23: 644:Journal of Experimental Biology 230:(marine reptiles with possible 711:. W. H. Freeman and Company. 672: 536: 479: 426: 333: 114:You may also add the template 1: 327: 284:. Osteoderms are composed of 16:Bony structures in the dermis 802:. You can help Knowledge by 745:. You can help Knowledge by 7: 315: 272:, common to all classes of 237:Osteoderms are uncommon in 116:{{Translated|de|Osteoderm}} 86:will aid in categorization. 10: 890: 781: 724: 605:10.1016/j.zool.2018.12.001 437:Alligator mississippiensis 61:Machine translation, like 386:Nasoori, Alireza (2020). 38:the corresponding article 874:Vertebrate anatomy stubs 125:For more guidance, see 798:–related article is a 161: 149: 707:Carroll, R. L. 1988. 443:Journal of Morphology 342:Journal of Morphology 298:osteoderm development 155: 143: 127:Knowledge:Translation 98:copyright attribution 650:(Pt 20): 3601–3606. 158:Museum of Osteology 849:Vertebrate anatomy 796:vertebrate anatomy 638:Caiman latirostris 492:Journal of Anatomy 456:10.1002/jmor.10575 392:Biological Reviews 354:10.1002/jmor.10490 162: 150: 106:interlanguage link 811: 810: 754: 753: 657:10.1242/jeb.00611 549:Anatomical Record 404:10.1111/brv.12597 348:(12): 1441–1460. 290:neural crest cell 138: 137: 50: 46: 881: 854:Dinosaur anatomy 832: 825: 818: 790: 783: 775: 768: 761: 733: 726: 696: 695: 693: 691: 676: 670: 669: 659: 631: 625: 624: 590: 581: 575: 574: 564: 562:10.1002/ar.23695 540: 534: 533: 523: 483: 477: 476: 458: 430: 424: 423: 383: 374: 373: 337: 249:and the extinct 117: 111: 85: 84:|topic= 82:, and specifying 67:Google Translate 48: 44: 27: 26: 19: 889: 888: 884: 883: 882: 880: 879: 878: 864:Skeletal system 839: 838: 837: 836: 780: 779: 722: 704: 702:Further reading 699: 689: 687: 678: 677: 673: 632: 628: 588: 582: 578: 541: 537: 484: 480: 431: 427: 398:(4): 986–1019. 384: 377: 338: 334: 330: 318: 134: 133: 132: 115: 109: 83: 51: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 887: 877: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 835: 834: 827: 820: 812: 809: 808: 791: 778: 777: 770: 763: 755: 752: 751: 734: 720: 719: 703: 700: 698: 697: 671: 626: 576: 555:(1): 175–183. 535: 498:(4): 441–464. 478: 449:(4): 398–422. 425: 375: 331: 329: 326: 325: 324: 317: 314: 234:affinities). 206:(most notably 136: 135: 131: 130: 123: 112: 90: 87: 75:adding a topic 70: 59: 52: 33: 32: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 886: 875: 872: 870: 869:Reptile stubs 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 844: 833: 828: 826: 821: 819: 814: 813: 807: 805: 801: 797: 792: 789: 785: 784: 776: 771: 769: 764: 762: 757: 756: 750: 748: 744: 741:article is a 740: 735: 732: 728: 727: 723: 718: 717:0-7167-1822-7 714: 710: 706: 705: 685: 681: 675: 667: 663: 658: 653: 649: 645: 641: 639: 630: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 587: 580: 572: 568: 563: 558: 554: 550: 546: 539: 531: 527: 522: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 482: 474: 470: 466: 462: 457: 452: 448: 444: 440: 438: 429: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 382: 380: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 336: 332: 323: 320: 319: 313: 311: 307: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 278:deep homology 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258:ground sloths 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 229: 228:hupehsuchians 225: 221: 217: 213: 212:stegosaurians 209: 205: 201: 200:temnospondyls 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 178: 174: 170: 166: 159: 154: 147: 144:Closeup of a 142: 128: 124: 121: 113: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 88: 81: 80:main category 77: 76: 71: 68: 64: 60: 57: 54: 53: 47: 41: 39: 34:You can help 30: 21: 20: 804:expanding it 793: 747:expanding it 736: 721: 708: 688:. 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helodermatid

Museum of Osteology
dermis
extant
extinct
reptiles
amphibians
lizards
crocodilians
frogs
temnospondyls
dinosaurs
ankylosaurs
stegosaurians
phytosaurs
aetosaurs
placodonts

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