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Stülpnagel condemned large-scale executions. In contrast, the SS demonstrated its enthusiasm for Hitler's war against the so-called Jewish conspiracy by bombing seven synagogues in Paris on the night of 2/3 October 1941. Embarrassed by the attacks, Stülpnagel complained to superiors in Berlin, but his repeated protests only reiterated tepid support for Nazi racial policy.
453:(OKW; Armed Forces High Command) grew tired of Stülpnagel's complaints. On 2 February 1942, he directed the MBF to answer all acts of resistance with "sharp deterrents, including the execution of a large number of imprisoned Communists, Jews, or people who carried out previous attacks, and the arrest of at least 1,000 Jews or Communists for later evacuation."
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the French economy to a grinding halt. Control over both the demarcation line inside France and borders with
Germany and Belgium gave the MBF considerable influence over German policy and French affairs. Thus Stülpnagel played a major role in Franco-German relations between October 1940 and January 1942.
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in
Bordeaux on 21 October 1941, Hitler ordered Stülpnagel to execute 100-150 French hostages for each attack. The MBF immediately condemned Hitler's policy through official channels, treated both attacks as a single incident, and shot a total of 98 hostages. Determined to preserve French cooperation,
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Determined to support the Nazi war effort by placing French industrial resources at the disposal of the German war economy, Stülpnagel discouraged all activities that did not advance the German war effort. The latter goal placed him at loggerheads with Nazi party stalwarts who viewed World War II as
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of prominent French Jews. Upset by the apparent seizure of France's artistic patrimony, the French government complained to German diplomats and the MBF. Eager to maintain cordial relations with the Vichy regime, Stülpnagel and his staff condemned the confiscations through a series of protests that
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came to nought. With control of the flow of vital raw materials, food, and people across the demarcation line that separated occupied from unoccupied France, Stülpnagel could reward French cooperation by allowing people and goods to cross military checkpoints, or he could seal the borders and bring
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Conflict with the SS followed a similar pattern. Forced to accept an advisory role at the start of the
Occupation, the SS complained of the alleged danger of the so-called 'Jewish menace' and pressed MBF to launch an active campaign against "racial opponents" in France, but lacked the authority to
396:, first supervised and later controlled diplomatic relations between France and Germany, but that power amounted to little in practice. Hitler would not allow his ambassador to trade concessions for French cooperation, and formal negotiations between the Third Reich and
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family. He pursued a military career in keeping with his family's long tradition of military service. Commissioned in 1898 and accepted as a member of the
Imperial General Staff, he received several decorations for distinguished service on the western front during
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Stülpnagel, who had executed 95 hostages on 15 December 1941, refused to go any further in the implementation of the retaliation policy. He promptly submitted a bitter letter of resignation. Succeeded by his cousin
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Arrested by Allied authorities after
Germany's surrender, Stülpnagel was moved to a French military prison. Charged with war crimes by French authorities, Stülpnagel committed suicide in
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373:, Hitler recalled Stülpnagel to active service and placed him in charge of a military district in Austria (Wehrkreis XVII), and he held the latter post for fourteen months.
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Orders from Hitler placed the army and the MBF in charge of "security" but allowed other state and Nazi party agencies to exercise a degree of influence in
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On 25 October 1940, German army high command transferred Stülpnagel to France and placed him in charge of a military government with the title of
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in 1934, Stülpnagel eventually took charge of the air force academy before falling from favour and retiring in March 1939.
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a struggle against Jews and their alleged
Communist allies. Days after German troops occupied Paris, agents of the
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Thomas Laub, After the Fall: German Policy in
Occupied France, 1940-1944 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
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Otto von Stülpnagel, Die
Wahrheit über die deutschen Kriegsverbrechen (Berlin: Staatspolitischer Verlag, 1921).
461:, Stülpnagel may have suffered a nervous breakdown. He spent the remainder of the war with his wife in Berlin.
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Walter
Bargatzky, Hotel Majestic: Ein Deutscher im besetzten Frankreich (Freiburg: Verlag Herder, 1987,
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307:(16 June 1878 – 6 February 1948) was a German military commander of occupied France during the
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François Marcot, Dictionnaire
Historique de la Résistance (Paris: Robert Laffont, 2006).
311:. Arrested by Allied authorities after the war, he committed suicide in prison in 1948.
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Allan Mitchell, Nazi Paris: The History of an Occupation (New York: Berghahn, 2008).
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from military control and sanctioned the wholesale theft of Jewish art collections.
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eventually reached Hitler's desk, but to no avail. Hitler eventually exempted the
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Otto von Stülpnagel was born on 16 June 1878 in Berlin. He was a member of the
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346:(lieutenant general) in 1931, Stülpnagel played a leading role in the
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342:(The Truth about German War Crimes) (1921). Promoted to the rank
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599:"Otto Edwin v. Stülpnagel (168) - Familie von Stülpnagel"
334:, Stülpnagel survived personnel cuts mandated by the
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Burials at Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
473:Grave at Champigny-Saint-André German War Cemetery
445:Suspecting the MBF of Francophilia, Field Marshal
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340:Die Wahrheit über die deutschen Kriegsverbrechen
696:Prisoners who died in French military detention
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656:German military personnel who died by suicide
691:People who died by suicide in prison custody
567:"Stülpnagel, Otto von - Deutsche Biographie"
726:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Lübeck)
721:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen)
530:BAMA, N 5 (Depot Stülpnagel)/26/11, 26–29;
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483:Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
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198:Champigny-Saint-André German war cemetery
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
681:German people who died in prison custody
481:on 6 February 1948. He is buried in the
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356:Erich Freiherr von dem Bussche-Ippenburg
671:People from the Province of Brandenburg
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459:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
430:in Nantes on 20 October and
377:Military Commander in France
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571:www.deutsche-biographie.de
451:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
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283:General of the Infantry
139:Walther von Brauchitsch
565:Biographie, Deutsche.
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432:Hans Gottfried Reimers
187:French Fourth Republic
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271:Years of service
58:"Otto von Stülpnagel"
641:Generals of Aviators
350:in conjunction with
336:Treaty of Versailles
328:. Nominated for the
43:improve this article
479:Cherche-Midi Prison
352:Kurt von Schleicher
179:Cherche-Midi Prison
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575:. Retrieved
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174:(1948-02-06)
156:16 June 1878
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41:Please help
36:verification
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636:1948 deaths
626:1878 births
573:(in German)
435: [
416:Einsatzstab
358:during the
326:World War I
293:World War I
620:Categories
605:2023-10-13
577:2023-10-13
489:References
394:Otto Abetz
360:Weimar era
348:Reichswehr
321:Stülpnagel
257:Reichsheer
205:Allegiance
152:1878-06-16
69:newspapers
545:Citations
364:Luftwaffe
274:1898–1942
261:Luftwaffe
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