234:
had been a lot of criticism by politicians, and there were indeed many examples of waste, new houses built in uninhabited places, and suchlike. However, there were also thriving and well-run communities, and it was intended to review the funding of the ORAs, increase accountability and implement management techniques which would keep the elements of outstations which improved the lives of their residents. By this time, however, the costs associated with running the outstations were very high, and political will had dwindled. Recommendations were made on the assumption that ATSIC, or something similar, would continue.
284:, devoted a chapter to "Sustaining Aboriginal homeland communities". After outlining the definitions of and criteria for successful homelands and the history of the homelands movement, it criticised the government's withdrawal of funding, saying that "if government policies fail to support the ongoing development of homelands it will lead to social and economic problems in rural townships that could further entrench Indigenous disadvantage and poverty". In 2009. about 81% of Northern Territory's Indigenous people lived in remote or very remote communities.
69:
Oftentimes, these relocations were supported by government and overall wellbeing improvements for those who had relocated were able to be seen, demonstrating the importance of self-autonomy and a cultural connection to country. What started as a few small breakaway groups lead into much larger outstation settlements. Many of these communities are now thriving as responsibility of the land and community has returned to traditional owners and cultural connections have improved. Outstations have also been referred to as homelands.
82:. It was "a move towards reclaiming autonomy and self-sufficiency". Also known as "homelands", the term "outstation" was adopted as it "suggests a dependent relationship between the outstation and the main homestead, but with a degree of separation". Outstations were created by Aboriginal people who "sought... autonomy in deciding the meaning of their life independently of projects promoted by the state and market", and could be seen as a sign of remote
386:, and housing maintenance. However, there was concern that many remote schools and other services were under-funded, and a review of the policy, previously revised in 2015, had not been completed by November 2020. While the NT government remains committed to supporting the homelands, which had been shown to enhance educational outcomes for Aboriginal people, the funding source for the future remained unclear. In 2015, the then
265:
more realistic framework for the allocation of limited government resources... consistent with
Government policy on remote service delivery". It said that it would continue to support current outstations, where residents reside for a minimum of 8-9 months a year, and where there was an adequate supply of fresh drinking water, but residents must "commit to increasing
264:
issued a policy statement on outstations/homelands, in which it stated that it: "values the contribution of outstations and homelands to the economic social and cultural life of the
Territory...". The policy outlined new service delivery processes, and "introduce a new disbursement model based on a
233:
A review was commissioned by ATSIC in 1997, at which time there were about 12,000 Indigenous
Australians living at about 1,000 outstations. It was intended to provide data that would reduce waste and improve efficiency, while supported by the commissioners who allocated funding. By this time, there
133:
There is a large diversity among the outstations: most comprise small family groups; a few have more than 100 people. Some are only seasonally or rarely occupied, and in most there is much movement of people between the outstations and larger centres. Some have or had thriving local economies based
68:
Within the
Australian Indigenous context, outstation refers to remote and small groups of First Nations people who relocated for resistance, in the face of assimilation. This occurred predominantly in the 1970s – 1980s and was aimed at providing autonomy for Indigenous people opposing conformance.
358:
Individual small communities continue to exist, although not described as outstations because they are not part of a federal or other program that advocates "the homeland ideal"; "settlements" is the more usual term these days. They survive on one-off grants for such things as
Indigenous business
319:
in 2013, there were 10,000 people living on 520 homelands, representing about 25 per cent of the remote
Indigenous population of the NT, in about 2,400 dwellings. She spoke of the benefits of the homelands, "in health and wellbeing and social harmony". She said that her government reaffirmed the
225:
Funding the outstations proved extremely expensive, and as government ideologies changed, they were seen as wasteful of resources. Adequate health services were not provided and training and employment opportunities were not funded. By the 1990s the difficulties emerged with the decentralisation
216:
The
Blanchard report gave formal recognition of the importance of outstations, giving 58 recommendations aimed at "improving the economic security and viability of outstations and increasing the level of services available to outstation residents". At this time the good effects of outstations on
249:
gave responsibility for outstations back to the
Territory. By this act, the chronic underfunding was continued. The NT developed a new policy, contained in a framework called "Working Future", published in May 2009. The policy targeted delivery of support and services to 20 larger Aboriginal
77:
A movement arose in the 1970s and continued through the 1980s which saw the creation of very small, remote settlements of
Aboriginal people who relocated themselves from the towns and settlements where they had been settled by the government's policy of
187:. It defined homelands as "small decentralised communities of close kin established by the movement of Aboriginal people to land of social, cultural and economic significance to them". It said that the definition of homelands should include:
154:
Homelands is the preferred name for some, but not all, regions of the
Territory. Outstations/homelands will be used as a generic description. Outstations or homelands will continue to be used interchangeably as appropriate to each
171:
In 1987 an inquiry into "he social and economic circumstances of Aboriginal people living in homeland centres or outstations, and the development of policies and programs to meet their future needs" was undertaken by the
226:
process: some services were extremely expensive to deliver to multiple tiny communities in remote places with few possibilities for economic self-sufficiency. From 1990, the outstations were largely funded via the
90:
and to retain connections to ancestral lands and ancestors, or because they wish to live off the land, or to escape social dysfunction prevalent in larger towns and communities (as later described in the
250:
communities in the NT, to be called "Territory Growth Towns", which would benefit from federal funding. This ended the 20-year commitment to support homelands following the Blanchard review in 1987.
1597:
985:
Altman, J.; Gillespie, D.; Palmer, K. (1998). National Review of Resource Agencies Servicing Indigenous Communities, 1998 (Report). Canberra: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission.
1713:
305:
Provide funding and support for homeland communities in all states and territories through the COAG National Indigenous Reform Agreement and associated National Partnership Agreements.
106:
to smaller settlements on their traditional lands. Governments were supportive of the moves, seeing benefits in health and well-being, maintenance of culture and the preservation of
1175:
230:(ATSIC), which was established in 1990. Services were provided to outstations by small organisations based in a parent community known as an Outstation Resource Centre (ORA).
1419:
320:
integral role of the homelands in the Territory, and were committed to providing homelands residents with the same services as other residents of the NT, "within reason".
241:
abolished ATSIC in 2005, after saying a year earlier that "the experiment in elected representation for Indigenous people has been a failure". In September 2007, during the
1294:
Getting strength from country: report of the Outstation Impact Project: concerning the delivery of health services to outstations in the Kimberley region, Western Australia
539:
2002:
636:
Myers, Fred; Peterson, Nicolas (January 2016). "1. The origins and history of outstations as Aboriginal life projects". In Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred (eds.).
943:
401:
In October 2021, the NT Government asked the federal government to speed up its program of home construction and upgrades, as housing in some homelands such as
1391:
1302:
1685:
1640:
1311:"Native title holders are driving upgrades to Marralum outstation near the Western Australian border using funds generated from a major prawn farm project."
2193:
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1655:
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92:
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1336:
862:
227:
269:". While it was not opposed to Aboriginal people creating new remote communities, they would have to be self-funded. It would continue to support
1587:
1409:
292:
374:
As of September 2020 there were around 500 homelands in the Northern Territory, which include 2,400 residences housing about 10,000 people. The
2230:
1049:
242:
2464:
1990:
1718:
253:
By 2009, there were 560 small communities, mostly inhabited by fewer than 100 people scattered across the NT. They are nearly all located on
2160:
1557:
1434:
2116:
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2225:
2037:
1825:
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86:. The underlying similarity among outstations is that the residents are living there by choice, sometimes because they wish to protect
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1844:
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111:
83:
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2128:
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1414:
2339:
1965:
1482:
98:
Government support for outstations has ebbed and flowed over time. During the 1970s and 1980s several groups moved from towns,
582:
126:
assumed responsibility for the outstations, despite a lack of underlying policy, and they grew in number, particularly in the
1439:
1220:
800:
Palmer, Kingsley (January 2016). "10. Homelands as outstations of public policy". In Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred (eds.).
726:
1980:
1660:
1329:
1234:
173:
2208:
1083:
506:
115:
17:
973:
901:
607:
2459:
2027:
1947:
1708:
1572:
969:
948:
277:
1156:
302:
Develop and implement future homeland policies with the active participation of leaders from homeland communities; and
280:'s Social Justice Report for 2009, submitted by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner
57:, on land that often, but not always, has social, cultural or economic significance to them, as traditional land. The
2094:
1927:
1897:
1492:
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911:
811:
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347:
237:
From 2004 there was a major shift in both policy at both state and federal level with regard to funding outstations.
87:
2346:
2264:
2198:
1887:
1777:
1723:
1527:
1472:
430:
425:
394:, agreed that his government would take "full responsibility" for delivering services to homeland, in exchange for
299:
Review the Working Future policy with the active participation of representative leaders from homeland communities;
2046:
1955:
1607:
1457:
1401:
1322:
1246:
Morice, Rodney D. (1976). "Woman Dancing Dreaming: Psychosocial Benefits of the Aboriginal Outstation Movement".
838:
339:
324:
110:, known to be of great significance to Aboriginal people. The policy of decentralisation came with moves towards
1076:"NT pleads with Canberra to pay for new homes on Aboriginal homelands, plays catch-up on remote housing targets"
295:, particularly Articles 3, 11, 12, 20 and 21, that the Australian and Northern Territory Governments commit to:
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925:
517:
435:
2012:
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1985:
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1620:
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1517:
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477:
402:
375:
343:
335:
261:
147:
334:
As of 2018, there were about 1,200 outstations in Australia, and seen as significant for the maintenance of
1763:
1106:
906:. Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs. March 1987.
378:
delivers services via its Homelands Program by funding service providers who provide housing maintenance,
2240:
2079:
1970:
1815:
1753:
1738:
1625:
1510:
1497:
31:
1105:
Morice RD, (1976), Woman dancing dreaming: Psychosocial benefits of the aboriginal outstation movement,
801:
637:
2062:
1698:
1650:
1505:
440:
1227:
1213:
Customary Land Tenure and Registration in Australia and Papua New Guinea: Anthropological Perspectives
2408:
2218:
2213:
2022:
1917:
1630:
561:
487:
364:
254:
673:
Experiments in self-determination: Histories of the outstation movement in Australia [blurb]
2300:
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2052:
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512:
493:
360:
270:
160:
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1937:
1882:
1381:
941:
482:
1136:
1122:
2111:
1800:
1361:
1345:
146:
Terminology has varied over time and by region. In a 2009 policy statement on homelands by the
138:, and harvesting plants and animals from nature, while others are dependent on welfare income.
1208:
2269:
2139:
2074:
1820:
1670:
1386:
1376:
1161:
123:
119:
107:
79:
50:
191:
acknowledgement of the significance of Aboriginal peoples moving back to traditional country
2383:
2378:
1795:
205:
an acknowledgement of the traditional connection to the land and the ancestral spirits; and
331:
announced that it would cease funding 150 remote communities because it lacked the funds.
8:
1645:
1552:
1314:
522:
103:
1259:
1024:"Leaked NT Government report reveals funding inequality at Aboriginal homelands schools"
751:
2245:
2155:
2084:
2069:
1892:
1805:
1768:
1279:
383:
199:
127:
65:
refers to the voluntary relocation of Aboriginal people from towns to these locations.
54:
942:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner (23 December 2009).
1907:
1877:
1830:
1665:
1462:
1271:
1263:
1216:
1209:"Chapter Ten: Outstation Incorporation as Precursor to a Prescribed Body Corporate 1"
1188:
1144:
953:
907:
873:
807:
687:
643:
551:
465:
246:
209:
135:
1303:"Upgrades to Marralum outstation: Building a strong future for native title holders"
1283:
803:
Experiments in self-determination: Histories of the outstation movement in Australia
639:
Experiments in self-determination: Histories of the outstation movement in Australia
2351:
1615:
1577:
1255:
677:
527:
266:
183:
On 14 May 1987 the Committee tabled its report (the "Blanchard Report"), entitled
2423:
2363:
1995:
1123:
Aboriginal Peak Organisations of the Northern Territory (APO NT) (October 2011).
316:
195:
177:
163:
for a particular type of educational facility provided to the small communities.
99:
2433:
2323:
2250:
2145:
2017:
1922:
1139:. Canberra, ACT : Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research (CAEPR),
2448:
2418:
2373:
1960:
1872:
1537:
1477:
1267:
1148:
957:
877:
328:
2398:
2150:
2057:
2007:
1912:
1787:
1487:
1166:
1275:
1867:
1542:
1292:
1050:"Fears mount policy inaction threatens future of NT Aboriginal homelands"
682:
556:
238:
1975:
1862:
1857:
1532:
1522:
1467:
391:
2413:
2403:
2388:
2368:
2121:
1852:
461:
405:
was so derelict and overcrowded that residents were living in tents.
379:
368:
281:
1592:
1582:
2292:
756:
Austlii Reconciliation and Social Justice Indigenous Law Resources
1215:. Asia-Pacific Environment Monographs. ANU E Press. p. 199.
1184:
1125:"Statement on Homelands, Outstations and Other Small Communities"
453:
185:
Return to country: the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia
257:, which covers about 500,000 km (190,000 sq mi).
1290:
1137:"In search of an outstations policy for Indigenous Australians"
1932:
1902:
836:
608:"Inquiry into the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia"
457:
540:
Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities
217:
residents' quality of life and aspirations were recognised.
1562:
1157:"Caring for Country: Connection to Land - Past and Present"
903:
Inquiry into the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia
1344:
1177:
Indigenous Health and Wellbeing: The Importance of Country
839:"Outstations/homelands policy: Headline Policy Statement"
413:
Outstations mentioned in the Blanchard report include:
194:
a clear distinction between homelands and settlements,
49:
is a very small, often remote, permanent community of
984:
974:
Chapter 4: Sustaining Aboriginal homeland communities
670:
Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred, eds. (January 2016).
421:
Most outstations were/are in the Northern Territory.
176:
Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs, chaired by
118:, after it was realised that the earlier policies of
84:
Aboriginal Australians' attempt at self-determination
752:"Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody"
642:. Monographs in Anthropology. ANU Press. p. 2.
1744:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
1183:. Native Title Research Report Report No. 1/2009.
93:Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
2446:
367:), private contributions by their residents, or
228:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
208:a description of the permanency of homelands as
863:"Department of Education 2018–19 Annual Report"
293:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2231:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
1734:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
1211:. In Weiner, James F.; Glaskin, Katie (eds.).
1054:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
1028:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
997:"Services to remote communities and homelands"
937:
935:
933:
243:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
2308:
1719:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
1330:
896:
894:
669:
635:
27:Small, remote Aboriginal Australian community
1786:
1173:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
583:"Where did the word 'outstation' come from?"
930:
2315:
2301:
1826:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
1811:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
1337:
1323:
1291:Smith, Richard M; Smith, Pamela A (1995),
891:
837:Northern Territory Government (May 2009).
832:
830:
795:
793:
72:
806:. Monographs in Anthropology. ANU Press.
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
707:
681:
676:. Monographs in Anthropology. ANU Press.
1235:"Aboriginal homelands & outstations"
631:
629:
388:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory
371:from mineral exploration on their land.
1548:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
1420:People from politics and public service
1206:
872:. Northern Territory Government. 2019.
827:
14:
2447:
1346:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
1245:
1134:
1073:
1047:
799:
770:
724:
2296:
1318:
1232:
1021:
855:
626:
416:
353:
2465:Intentional communities in Australia
1528:Literature of Indigenous Australians
1174:Ganesharajah, Cynthia (April 2009).
663:
500:
122:had failed. For about 30 years, the
2322:
1260:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1976.tb115531.x
1084:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1022:James, Felicity (8 November 2020).
580:
507:Warmun Community, Western Australia
24:
1709:Aborigines Progressive Association
1116:
949:Australian Human Rights Commission
574:
509:(Used to be known as Turkey Creek)
471:
278:Australian Human Rights Commission
25:
2476:
2455:History of Indigenous Australians
1048:Zwartz, Henry (9 November 2020).
398:paid out as a once-only payment.
727:"No movement on the outstations"
431:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory
426:Docker River, Northern Territory
30:For other uses of the word, see
2047:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
1074:Ashton, Kate (3 October 2021).
1067:
1041:
1015:
989:
978:
496:(Used to be known as Ernabella)
325:Government of Western Australia
134:on arts centres, employment as
2259:Uluru Statement from the Heart
1676:Torres Strait Island languages
1233:Korff, Jens (13 August 2020).
1187:. Native Title Research Unit.
1141:Australian National University
744:
600:
518:Halls Creek, Western Australia
436:Maningrida, Northern Territory
220:
166:
141:
13:
1:
1724:Australian Aborigines' League
1704:Aborigines Advancement League
1621:Australian Aboriginal English
581:Lim, Lisa (2 February 2018).
567:
478:Pipalyatjara, South Australia
446:
376:Northern Territory Government
291:In order to implement the UN
262:Northern Territory Government
159:NT continues to use the term
148:Northern Territory Government
1764:National Reconciliation Week
1248:Medical Journal of Australia
1135:Altman, Jon (26 July 2018).
1107:Medical Journal of Australia
944:"Social Justice Report 2009"
490:(Used to be known as Fregon)
7:
1816:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
1754:Registered Aboriginal Party
1739:National Indigenous Council
1626:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
1109:, Dec 18-25 2(25-26):939-42
725:Altman, Jon (25 May 2009).
533:
408:
315:According to NT politician
10:
2481:
2194:Constitutional recognition
2063:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
1699:Aboriginal Medical Service
1297:, W.A. Health Dept. , 1995
452:Various communities, near
441:Utopia, Northern Territory
365:Indigenous Protected Areas
245:("The Intervention"), the
210:traditional home territory
29:
2460:Native title in Australia
2330:
2181:
2036:
1946:
1843:
1684:
1606:
1588:Traditional custodianship
1448:
1400:
1352:
1254:(25–26). AMPCo: 939–942.
731:The Sydney Morning Herald
562:Native title in Australia
488:Kaltjiti, South Australia
271:Homeland Learning Centres
161:Homeland Learning Centres
2053:Australian Frontier Wars
1759:Reconciliation Australia
587:South China Morning Post
546:Homeland Learning Centre
513:Balgo, Western Australia
494:Pukatja, South Australia
361:environmental protection
310:
174:House of Representatives
2105:Australian history wars
1966:Contemporary visual art
1382:Torres Strait Islanders
1207:Glaskin, Katie (2007).
612:Parliament of Australia
555:, 1989 studio album by
483:Mimili, South Australia
346:, thus contributing to
287:The report recommended:
124:Commonwealth government
73:The outstation movement
1801:Kimberley Land Council
1651:Pama–Nyungan languages
1641:Loanwords into English
1558:Religion and mythology
1511:Torres Strait Islander
1362:Aboriginal Australians
323:In December 2014, the
308:
157:
2357:Aboriginal Australian
2140:Native Title Act 1993
2075:Cummeragunja walk-off
1821:Northern Land Council
1671:Torres Strait English
1598:Torres Strait Islands
1307:Northern Land Council
1162:Northern Land Council
348:health and well-being
289:
255:Aboriginal-owned land
152:
108:connection to country
51:Aboriginal Australian
1796:Central Land Council
683:10.22459/ESD.01.2016
53:people connected by
1553:Outstation movement
1392:Western Australians
1003:. 24 September 2020
104:Aboriginal reserves
59:outstation movement
18:Outstation movement
2246:Stolen Generations
2236:Self-determination
2156:Stolen Generations
2090:Historical figures
2070:Caledon Bay crisis
1893:Fire-stick farming
1806:Maralinga Tjarutja
1425:Performing artists
417:Northern Territory
384:essential services
354:Present and future
136:Indigenous rangers
128:Northern Territory
112:self-determination
47:homeland community
2442:
2441:
2290:
2289:
2173:Western Australia
1908:Possum-skin cloak
1839:
1838:
1831:Tiwi Land Council
1666:Taboo on the dead
1631:Australian Creole
1372:Aboriginal groups
1309:. 30 August 2018.
1222:978-1-921313-27-1
1169:on 12 March 2008.
1110:
552:Homeland Movement
501:Western Australia
466:Mornington Island
260:In May 2009, the
247:Howard government
63:homeland movement
16:(Redirected from
2472:
2335:African-American
2317:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2293:
1784:
1783:
1616:Avoidance speech
1578:Smoking ceremony
1339:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1298:
1287:
1242:
1239:Creative Spirits
1226:
1198:
1182:
1170:
1165:. Archived from
1152:
1131:
1129:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
982:
976:
968:
966:
964:
939:
928:
924:
922:
920:
898:
889:
888:
886:
884:
867:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
843:
834:
825:
824:
822:
820:
797:
768:
767:
765:
763:
748:
742:
741:
739:
737:
722:
705:
704:
702:
700:
685:
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
633:
624:
623:
621:
619:
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
578:
397:
267:self-sufficiency
21:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2419:Native American
2384:French-Canadian
2326:
2324:Ethnic enclaves
2321:
2291:
2286:
2226:Media portrayal
2189:1967 Referendum
2177:
2085:Gurindji Strike
2080:Day of Mourning
2032:
1942:
1835:
1782:
1680:
1636:Language groups
1602:
1444:
1396:
1348:
1343:
1301:
1223:
1200:AIATSIS summary
1195:
1180:
1155:
1127:
1119:
1117:Further reading
1099:
1098:
1088:
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2219:Protected Area
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1973:
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1944:
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1941:
1940:
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1930:
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1923:Spinifex resin
1920:
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1900:
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1661:Sign languages
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2282:Voting rights
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1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
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1982:
1979:
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1961:Bark painting
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1873:Bush medicine
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1788:Land councils
1785:
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1686:Organisations
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1538:Message stick
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344:relationships
341:
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329:Colin Barnett
326:
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273:and schools.
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2379:First Nation
2356:
2257:
2214:Native title
2168:Tent embassy
2151:Pintupi Nine
2138:
2058:Bathurst War
2045:
2028:Yininmadyemi
2013:Sandpainting
2008:Papunya Tula
2003:NATSIA Award
1991:Music groups
1913:Scarred tree
1883:Dugout canoe
1573:Sacred sites
1488:The Dreaming
1430:Sportspeople
1306:
1293:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1212:
1176:
1167:the original
1160:
1087:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
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586:
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275:
259:
252:
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184:
182:
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158:
153:
145:
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120:assimilation
97:
88:sacred sites
80:assimilation
76:
67:
62:
58:
46:
42:
38:
36:
2209:Land rights
2112:King plates
1928:Sweet foods
1898:Food groups
1868:Bush tucker
1608:Language(s)
1543:NAIDOC Week
1493:Enumeration
1402:Individuals
1367:Communities
557:Yothu Yindi
239:John Howard
221:1990s–2000s
167:1987 report
142:Terminology
116:land rights
102:and former
2449:Categories
2434:Vietnamese
2352:Australian
2100:Prehistory
2023:Visual art
1976:Didgeridoo
1888:Fibrecraft
1863:Bush bread
1729:Mass media
1656:Placenames
1533:Marn Grook
1523:Kurdaitcha
1506:Aboriginal
1468:Corroboree
1387:Victorians
1377:Tasmanians
1089:22 October
970:Whole book
618:17 October
568:References
447:Queensland
392:Adam Giles
150:, it said:
95:in 1991).
39:outstation
32:Outstation
2424:Pakistani
2364:Cambodian
2122:Black War
2117:Massacres
1956:Artefacts
1853:Boomerang
1845:Bushcraft
1769:Sorry Day
1583:Songlines
1458:Astronomy
1415:Musicians
1410:Activists
1268:0025-729X
1149:1442-3871
1059:4 January
1033:4 January
1007:4 January
1001:NT.GOV.AU
963:15 August
958:1837-6436
919:16 August
883:17 August
878:2202-929X
847:17 August
819:16 August
762:16 August
736:16 August
523:Warakurna
462:Doomadgee
403:Emu Point
380:municipal
369:royalties
282:Tom Calma
155:location.
2404:Japanese
2374:Filipino
2347:Armenian
2129:Missions
1981:Dreaming
1878:Coolamon
1749:Politics
1593:Tjurunga
1284:28327004
1080:ABC News
699:2 August
655:2 August
592:2 August
542:(AMMRIC)
534:See also
409:Examples
340:language
200:reserves
196:missions
100:missions
43:homeland
2429:Serbian
2399:Italian
2369:Chinese
2161:Apology
2095:History
2038:History
1938:Woomera
1714:AIATSIS
1568:Seasons
1518:Kinship
1483:Deities
1473:Country
1450:Culture
1440:Writers
1354:Peoples
1276:1035404
1185:AIATSIS
464:and on
454:Aurukun
336:culture
55:kinship
2414:Korean
2409:Jewish
2394:Indian
2265:Treaty
2204:Health
2182:Issues
1646:Palawa
1502:Flags
1498:Elders
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1191:
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910:
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758:. 1991
690:
646:
614:. 1987
528:Wanarn
327:under
2389:Greek
2275:Voice
2270:Truth
2199:Crime
1986:Music
1971:Dance
1933:Waddy
1918:Soaks
1903:Humpy
1694:ATSIC
1280:S2CID
1181:(PDF)
1128:(PDF)
866:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
458:Weipa
311:2010s
2340:list
2018:Vibe
1996:Rock
1948:Arts
1858:Buka
1778:TSRA
1563:Riji
1463:Bora
1272:PMID
1264:ISSN
1228:Text
1217:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1145:ISSN
1091:2021
1061:2021
1035:2021
1009:2021
965:2020
954:ISSN
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908:ISBN
885:2020
874:ISSN
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738:2020
701:2020
688:ISBN
657:2020
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620:2021
594:2020
382:and
342:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.