777:
133:
25:
653:"My opinion, indeed, by no means agrees with yours, for we ought to rejoice at this conduct of our adversary; for, unless supported by divine assistance, we are far inferior to the English; and they, by their behaviour, have made God their enemy, who is able most powerfully to avenge both himself and us. We therefore most devoutly promise God that we will henceforth pay greater reverence than ever to churches and holy places".
977:. He acts shrewdly to keep Wales' borders secure, and sometimes to expand them, during the civil war between King Stephen and Matilda, and sometimes acts as an ally to Cadfael and his friend, Sheriff Hugh Beringar. Cadwaladr also appears in both these novels as a source of grief for his brother. Owain appears as a minor character in novels of
680:, describing himself as "King of Wales" and "King of the Welsh". In the last of his letters to Louis VII of France, he offered to become a vassal of the French king and assist in attacking Henry if the French would make war on him. This time Owain styled himself
673:, there was little fighting, for the Welsh weather came to Owain's assistance as torrential rain forced Henry to retreat in disorder. The infuriated Henry mutilated a number of Welsh hostages, including two of Owain's sons.
633:
of Powys and Owain's brother
Cadwaladr. The invasion met with mixed fortunes. Henry's forces ravaged eastern Gwynedd and destroyed many churches thus enraging the local population. The two armies met at
638:. Owain's men ambushed the royal army in a narrow, wooded valley, routing it completely with King Henry himself narrowly avoiding capture. The fleet accompanying the invasion made a landing on
482:'s second child, grandchild of Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl via his mother Angharad ferch Owain. By about 1120 Gruffydd had grown too old to lead his forces in battle and Owain and his brothers
744:, an account of his father's life. Following his death, civil war broke out between his sons. Owain was married twice, first to Gwladus ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn, by whom he had two sons,
661:
of
Deheubarth to challenge English rule. King Henry again invaded Gwynedd in 1165, but instead of taking the usual route along the northern coastal plain, the king's army invaded from
816:
when he returned with an Irish army. Dafydd and Rhodri split
Gwynedd between them, but a generation passed before Gwynedd was restored to its former glory under Owain's grandson
642:
where it was defeated. Ultimately, at the end of the campaign, Owain was forced to come to terms with Henry, being obliged to surrender
Rhuddlan and other conquests in the east.
558:. On Gruffudd's death in 1137, Owain inherited a portion of a well-established kingdom, but had to share it with Cadwaladr. In 1143 Cadwaladr was implicated in the murder of
490:
led the forces of
Gwynedd against the Normans and against other Welsh princes with great success. His elder brother Cadwallon was killed in a battle against the forces of
483:
1577:
713:. When the see became vacant Owain had his nominee, Arthur of Bardsey, elected. The archbishop refused to accept this, so Owain had Arthur consecrated in
717:. The dispute continued, and the see remained officially vacant until well after Owain's death. He was also put under pressure by the Archbishop and the
796:
Gwynedd was married, firstly to
Gwladus daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn and then his cousin Cristin verch Goronwy. Owain had originally designated
1401:
669:. The invasion was met by an alliance of all the Welsh princes, with Owain as the undisputed leader. However, apart from a small melee at the
729:
for his defiance, Owain steadfastly refused to put
Cristin aside. Owain died in 1170, and despite having been excommunicated was buried in
471:. Owain Gwynedd was the second son of Gruffydd and Angharad. His elder brother, Cadwallon, was killed in fighting in Powys in 1132 against
836:
1602:
842:
Altogether, the prolific Owain
Gwynedd is said to have had the following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:
1420:
610:
89:
1592:
1109:
61:
1387:
The age of Owain
Gwynedd. An attempt at a connected account of the history of Wales from December 1135 to November 1170
1233:
1151:
1119:
108:
68:
1459:
987:
657:
Madog ap
Maredudd died in 1160, enabling Owain to regain territory in the east. In 1163 he formed an alliance with
993:
75:
46:
42:
1434:
997:). Her focus with respect to Owain is on the fluctuating and factious relationship between England and Wales.
1474:
1361:
1172:
376:
804:, from which he was only roused by the news that his forces had captured Mold Castle. Owain then designated
800:
as his successor. Rhun was Owain's favourite son, and his premature death in 1146 plunged his father into a
1572:
958:
725:, who was his first cousin, this relationship making the marriage invalid under church law. Despite being
57:
1567:
1274:""Se Principem Nominat": Rhetorical Self-Fashioning and Epistolary Style in the Letters of Owain Gwynedd"
1453:
1222:
468:
649:, in a rare quote from these times, wrote what Owain Gwynedd said to his troops on the eve of battle:
1479:
1366:
1177:
372:
143:
403:". He is considered to be the most successful of all the North Welsh princes prior to his grandson,
864:
745:
702:
689:
Henry did not invade Gwynedd again and Owain was able to regain his eastern conquests, recapturing
586:
257:
1322:
973:
883:
877:
761:
757:
420:
270:
265:
35:
1597:
1549:
905:
899:
852:
805:
567:
286:
281:
247:
171:
574:. Though Owain was later reconciled with Cadwaladr, from 1143, Owain ruled alone over most of
1582:
846:
797:
722:
614:
555:
487:
412:
242:
227:
1410:
1013:
Literally prince of Waleses, asserting his overlordship over north and south Welsh kingdoms.
1587:
982:
967:
817:
753:
511:
464:
404:
353:
82:
8:
1385:
677:
626:
559:
551:
526:
On behalf of his father, Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gwynedd directed military operations to the "
1250:
1495:
1395:
1296:
1194:
780:
There is no evidence Owain used a coat of arms during his life, but later antiquarians
535:
452:
440:
333:
192:
1251:"Owain Gwynedd And Louis VII: The Franco-Welsh Diplomacy of the First Prince of Wales"
1539:
1532:
1430:
1416:
1288:
1229:
1147:
1115:
978:
858:
749:
734:
686:(prince of Wales), the first time he or anyone is known to have used such a title.
630:
606:
479:
448:
380:
343:
252:
234:
161:
1503:
1452:
1440:
801:
730:
710:
670:
658:
547:
495:
494:
in 1132, leaving Owain as his father's heir. Owain and Cadwaladr, in alliance with
491:
215:
1469:
1356:
1167:
593:, to push Gwynedd's boundaries further east than ever before. In 1146 he captured
781:
737:
recorded his death "after innumerable victories and unconquered from his youth".
726:
690:
646:
635:
590:
428:
424:
400:
396:
1273:
808:
as his successor, but after his death, Hywel was first driven to seek refuge in
776:
1338:
962:
828:
388:
1561:
1292:
832:
812:
by Cristin's sons, Dafydd and Rhodri, then Hywel was killed at the battle of
706:
543:
1146:. The History of Wales. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 229.
927:
Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd (also shared the same name with a sister);
756:(Llywelyn the Great), then to Cristin, by whom he had three sons including
666:
478:
Owain is thought to have been born on Anglesey about the year 1100, he was
132:
909:
855:(illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law);
849:(illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law);
594:
582:
575:
531:
472:
444:
1300:
1448:
768:
had an equal claim on the inheritance if acknowledged by their father.
571:
563:
515:
499:
1412:
A History of Wales: From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest
813:
765:
539:
507:
451:, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principality of
827:
of Wales (Madog), who is popularly supposed to have fled across the
24:
887:
868:
662:
639:
598:
460:
809:
714:
527:
503:
328:
1463:. Vol. 42. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 391â395.
785:
701:
The last years of Owain's life were spent in disputes with the
419:, "Owain of Gwynedd") to distinguish him from the contemporary
521:
918:
824:
602:
459:
during the sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of
456:
294:
196:
718:
629:
in 1154. Henry invaded Gwynedd in 1157 with the support of
379:, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father
861:(the "flat nosed" from first wife Gwladys ferch Llywarch);
696:
546:
to Gwynedd proper", and it was against the Normans, with
1111:
Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000â1300
890:(1175â1193) (from second wife Cristin ferch Goronwy);
427:, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as
823:
According to legend, one of Owain's sons was Prince
764:. He also had a number of illegitimate sons, who by
1357:"TRAHAEARN ap CARADOG (died 1081), king of Gwynedd"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1221:
1039:
1027:
1144:Conquest, Coexistence and Change, Wales 1063â1415
965:, often referred to, and appearing in the novels
867:(from first wife Gwladys ferch Llywarch) Lord of
1559:
1470:"Owain Gwynedd (c. 1100â1070), King of Gwynedd"
1168:"MADOG ap MAREDUDD (died 1160), king of Powys"
206:23 or 28 November 1170 (aged 69–70)
1578:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1320:
1281:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
645:Forty years after these events, the scholar
1107:
837:Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
681:
578:. In 1155 Cadwaladr was driven into exile.
522:Accession to the throne and early campaigns
1400:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1189:
1187:
733:by the local clergy. The annalist writing
625:All went well until the accession of King
570:to strip him of his lands in the north of
131:
1219:
1075:
1051:
880:(from second wife Cristin ferch Goronwy);
620:
566:, and Owain responded by sending his son
407:(Llywelyn the Great). He became known as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
942:Rotpert ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
924:Cynwrig ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
775:
1383:
1184:
939:Cadell ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
936:Ffilip ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
930:Einion ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
921:(illegitimate) (speculative/legendary);
915:Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
790:Vert, three eagles displayed in fess Or
771:
697:Disputes with the church and succession
693:in 1167 after a siege of three months.
1560:
1467:
1271:
1141:
1069:
957:Owain is a recurring character in the
945:Idwal ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
443:, the senior branch of the dynasty of
1408:
1248:
1101:
1045:
1033:
933:Iago ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate);
611:Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester
740:He is believed to have commissioned
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1447:
1195:"Gerald of Wales, Itinirum Cambrae"
1095:
13:
1429:
439:Owain Gwynedd was a member of the
14:
1614:
1114:. Psychology Press. p. 191.
601:and encroached on the borders of
16:King of Gwynedd from 1137 to 1170
1460:Dictionary of National Biography
1324:The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan
988:When Christ and His Saints Slept
835:, this tradition is part of the
709:, over the appointment of a new
554:and the temporary occupation of
447:(Rhodri the Great). His father,
137:Depiction by Hugh Williams, 1909
23:
1349:
1331:
1314:
1265:
1242:
1007:
502:, won a major victory over the
463:as his power base. His mother,
34:needs additional citations for
1327:. Manchester University Press.
1213:
1160:
1135:
874:Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd;
721:to put aside his second wife,
395:) and the first to be styled "
371:â 23 or 28 November 1170) was
1:
1603:Welsh people of Irish descent
1475:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
1468:Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959).
1362:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
1173:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
1020:
896:Margaret ferch Owain Gwynedd;
893:Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd;
742:The Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan
434:
365:
302:Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd
262:Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd
185:
617:, but Owain was victorious.
550:he secured a victory at the
278:Margaret ferch Owain Gwynedd
275:Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd
7:
1593:12th-century Welsh monarchs
1409:Lloyd, John Edward (2004).
676:Owain wrote two letters to
10:
1619:
1377:
952:
859:Iorwerth mab Owain Gwynedd
665:and took a route over the
469:Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl
253:Iorwerth mab Owain Gwynedd
1546:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1489:
1480:National Library of Wales
1367:National Library of Wales
1272:Malone, Patricia (2008).
1220:Carpenter, David (2004).
1178:National Library of Wales
518:to their father's realm.
349:
339:
327:
233:
222:
210:
202:
181:
177:
167:
157:
149:
142:
130:
125:
1224:The struggle for mastery
1000:
981:concerning Henry II and
865:Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
782:retroactively attributed
746:Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
703:Archbishop of Canterbury
597:and about 1150 captured
587:Stephen, King of England
581:Owain took advantage of
455:the most influential in
317:Rotpert ab Owain Gwynedd
299:Cynwrig ab Owain Gwynedd
258:Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
226:Gwladus ferch Llywarch,
974:The Summer of the Danes
884:Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd
878:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
762:Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd
758:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
609:, with assistance from
605:. The prince of Powys,
416:
314:Cadell ab Owain Gwynedd
311:Ffilip ab Owain Gwynedd
305:Einion ab Owain Gwynedd
291:Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd
271:Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd
266:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
1550:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
1519:23 or 28 November 1170
1415:. Barnes & Noble.
1384:Barbier, Paul (1908).
1142:Davies, R. R. (1987).
919:Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd
906:Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd
900:Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd
853:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
820:(Llywelyn the Great).
806:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
793:
682:
655:
621:War with King Henry II
585:, a civil war between
568:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
467:, was the daughter of
392:
320:Idwal ab Owain Gwynedd
295:Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd
287:Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd
282:Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd
248:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
172:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
1454:"Owain Gwynedd"
1321:Arthur Jones (1910).
847:Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd
798:Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd
784:to Owain Gwynedd the
779:
723:Cristin verch Goronwy
651:
556:Kingdom of Ceredigion
308:Iago ab Owain Gwynedd
243:Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd
228:Cristin ferch Goronwy
1501:Cadet branch of the
1255:Welsh History Review
1108:John France (1999).
983:Eleanor of Aquitaine
961:series of novels by
818:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
772:Heirs and successors
754:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
514:in 1136 and annexed
465:Angharad ferch Owain
405:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
354:Angharad ferch Owain
43:improve this article
1573:Monarchs of Gwynedd
1249:Pryce, Huw (1998).
1199:Buildinghistory.org
678:Louis VII of France
627:Henry II of England
560:Anarawd ap Gruffydd
552:Battle of Crug Mawr
401:Prince of the Welsh
1568:House of Aberffraw
1496:House of Aberffraw
1431:Penman, Sharon Kay
794:
441:House of Aberffraw
1556:
1555:
1547:Succeeded by
1540:Prince of Gwynedd
1533:Gruffudd ap Cynan
1436:The Welsh Trilogy
1422:978-0-7607-5241-8
1390:. Newport, Wales.
979:Sharon Kay Penman
968:Dead Man's Ransom
750:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
735:Brut y Tywysogion
683:Waliarum princeps
631:Madog ap Maredudd
613:, gave battle at
607:Madog ap Maredudd
480:Gruffudd ap Cynan
449:Gruffudd ap Cynan
381:Gruffudd ap Cynan
362:Owain ap Gruffudd
359:
358:
344:Gruffudd ap Cynan
162:Gruffudd ap Cynan
119:
118:
111:
93:
1610:
1530:Preceded by
1520:
1513:
1504:House of Gwynedd
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1441:Ballantine Books
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1099:
1092:
1073:
1066:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1014:
1011:
948:Other daughters.
752:, the father of
731:Bangor Cathedral
711:Bishop of Bangor
685:
671:Battle of Crogen
659:Rhys ap Gruffydd
548:Gruffydd ap Rhys
496:Gruffydd ap Rhys
383:. He was called
370:
367:
216:Bangor Cathedral
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114:
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51:
27:
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1201:. 16 March 2010
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1028:
1023:
1018:
1017:
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1008:
1003:
994:Time and Chance
959:Brother Cadfael
955:
912:(illegitimate);
802:deep melancholy
774:
699:
691:Rhuddlan Castle
647:Gerald of Wales
623:
591:Empress Matilda
524:
437:
429:Owain Cyfeiliog
425:Powys Wenwynwyn
397:Prince of Wales
385:Owain the Great
373:King of Gwynedd
368:
323:
218:
191:
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144:King of Gwynedd
138:
115:
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98:
95:
58:"Owain Gwynedd"
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28:
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11:
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1491:Owain Gwynedd
1490:
1485:
1484:
1465:
1451:, ed. (1895).
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856:
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831:and colonised
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727:excommunicated
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1235:9780140148244
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32:This article
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1583:1100s births
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1588:1170 deaths
1449:Lee, Sidney
1287:: 169â184.
1228:. Penguin.
1127:15 February
1070:Pierce 1959
910:Meirionnydd
595:Mold Castle
583:The Anarchy
576:North Wales
532:Meirionnydd
473:Meirionnydd
445:Rhodri Mawr
399:" and the "
377:North Wales
369: 1100
189: 1100
158:Predecessor
1562:Categories
1544:1137â1170
1339:"Gruffydd"
1261:(1): 1â28.
1046:Lloyd 2004
1034:Lloyd 2004
1021:References
908:, Lord of
886:, Lord of
589:, and the
572:Ceredigion
564:Deheubarth
516:Ceredigion
500:Deheubarth
486:and later
435:Early life
393:Owain Fawr
69:newspapers
1396:cite book
1293:1545-0155
814:Pentraeth
766:Welsh law
615:Coleshill
540:Rhufoniog
508:Crug Mawr
488:Cadwaladr
484:Cadwallon
334:Aberffraw
168:Successor
153:1137â1170
1301:41219622
1096:Lee 1895
829:Atlantic
663:Oswestry
640:Anglesey
599:Rhuddlan
528:cantrefs
512:Cardigan
461:Anglesey
1512:c. 1100
1378:Sources
1205:1 March
953:Fiction
833:America
810:Ireland
715:Ireland
504:Normans
453:Gwynedd
193:Gwynedd
83:scholar
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350:Mother
340:Father
223:Spouse
211:Burial
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1510:Born:
1297:JSTOR
1277:(PDF)
1001:Notes
825:Madoc
636:Ewloe
603:Powys
510:near
492:Powys
457:Wales
389:Welsh
329:House
235:Issue
197:Wales
150:Reign
90:JSTOR
76:books
1417:ISBN
1402:link
1308:2023
1289:ISSN
1230:ISBN
1207:2013
1148:ISBN
1129:2019
1116:ISBN
991:and
971:and
760:and
748:and
719:Pope
542:and
536:Rhos
421:king
203:Died
182:Born
62:news
888:MÃīn
869:MÃīn
562:of
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506:at
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