1046:
relationships of mutual benefit or mutual harm as they interact with other individuals over time. Reciprocal altruism, unlike kin selection, does not depend on genetic relatedness; it does, however, depend on repeated, direct personal interaction and the trust relationships generated out of such interactions. These forms of social cooperation are the default ways human beings interact in the absence of incentives to adhere to other, more impersonal institutions. When impersonal institutions decay, these are the forms of cooperation that always reemerge because they are natural to human beings. What I have labeled patrimonialism is political recruitment based on either of these two principles. Thus, when bureaucratic offices were filled with the kinsmen of rulers at the end of the Han
Dynasty in China, when the Janissaries wanted their sons to enter the corps, or when offices were sold as heritable property in ancien regime France, a natural patrimonial principle was simply reasserting itself.
798:
1010:
or other ruler is able to make independent decisions on an ad hoc basis, with little if any checks and balances. No individual or group is powerful enough to oppose the ruler consistently without, in turn, becoming the new patrimonial ruler. The ruler is recognized as the chief landholder and, in the
1045:
The principle of kin selection or inclusive fitness states that human beings will act altruistically toward genetic relatives (or individuals believed to be genetic relatives) in rough proportion to their shared genes. The principle of reciprocal altruism says that human beings will tend to develop
957:, a historian and Professor Emeritus of Russian history at Harvard University defines patrimonial as "a regime where the rights of sovereignty and those of ownership blend to the point of being indistinguishable, and political power is exercised in the same manner as economic power."
993:
today is still patrimonial. Direct rule involves the ruler and a few key members of the ruler's household or staff maintaining personal control over every aspect of governance. If rule is indirect, there may be an intellectual or moral elite of
1011:
extreme case, all of the land and its people are his domain. The legal authority of the ruler is largely unchallenged; there is no recognized body of case law or formal law, but there may be notions of etiquette and honor.
976:
The key focus in the model is the extent to which legitimate authority is based primarily on personal power exercised by the ruler, either directly or indirectly. The ruler may act alone or as a member of a powerful
946:
Nathan Quimpo defines patrimonialism as "a type of rule in which the ruler does not distinguish between personal and public patrimony and treats matters and resources of state as his personal affair."
965:
826:
1074:
Pipes argues that the
Russian Empire between the twelfth and seventeenth century, and with certain modifications until 1917, was a patrimonial system.
922:. The concept of patrimonialism captures a distinctive style of regulation and administration that contrasts with Weber's ideal-typical
43:
257:
819:
1345:
1327:
Patrimonialism, Involution, and the
Agrarian Question in Java: A Weberian Analysis of Class Relations and Servile Labour
812:
1084:(1576–1586), where the monarch owns all the land. He claimed that Turkey and Muscovy were the only European examples.
1237:
1156:
896:
697:
1022:
504:
459:
1040:
927:
330:
1350:
1181:
847:
524:
39:
345:
1141:
901:
923:
919:
918:. The ruler's authority is personal-familial, and the mechanics of the household are the model for
95:
1151:. Charles Camic, Philip S. Gorski, David M. Trubek. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
926:". She states that Weber has used patrimonialism to describe, among other systems, "estatist and
753:
320:
1091:
768:
335:
990:
763:
626:
223:
969:
8:
1068:
931:
910:
687:
596:
553:
340:
105:
1217:
1108:
914:, patrimonialism mainly refers to forms of government that are based on rulers' family-
325:
110:
85:
1233:
1162:
1152:
1113:
1056:
758:
479:
310:
262:
90:
23:
1225:
1103:
1027:
591:
514:
484:
358:
100:
80:
1060:
882:. Usually, the armies of these countries are loyal to the leader, not the state.
802:
775:
631:
621:
418:
315:
1119:
855:
780:
711:
616:
449:
363:
1142:"The Rule of the Father: Patriarchy and Patrimonialism in Early Modern Europe"
1339:
1036:
954:
867:
851:
667:
562:
464:
454:
295:
1166:
871:
716:
643:
637:
611:
606:
582:
572:
509:
398:
218:
142:
1229:
875:
721:
706:
648:
519:
383:
182:
177:
157:
147:
137:
797:
1077:
998:
or office holders as well as a military. The priestly group may invoke
935:
915:
863:
859:
843:
726:
682:
677:
672:
658:
499:
290:
172:
167:
31:
1087:
982:
905:
879:
529:
423:
413:
408:
393:
388:
378:
252:
213:
202:
197:
187:
152:
120:
64:
59:
1064:
1007:
850:
flows directly from the ruler. There is no distinction between the
601:
162:
132:
75:
995:
403:
240:
230:
1094:, is often cited as being patrimonial in its political-economy.
1003:
986:
938:
is at the centre of patrimonalism and is its model and origin.
567:
999:
978:
1192:(1): 2 – via Solidarity Philippines Australia Network.
1224:. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 669–670.
878:
from power. The leaders of these countries typically enjoy
1067:
as early patrimonial monarchies, both successor states to
1035:
Natural human sociability is built around two principles,
1149:
Max Weber's
Economy and society: a critical companion
1337:
1329:. State and Society. London, UK: Unwin Hyman.
1180:Quimpo, Nathan Gilbert (January–March 2007).
820:
827:
813:
44:List of countries by system of government
1258:
1080:described seigneurial monarchies in the
1338:
1215:
1179:
885:
1139:
1015:
13:
14:
1362:
1055:Richard Pipes cited the Egyptian
949:
941:
796:
1319:
1216:Bakker, Johannes Iemke (2007).
985:. The ruler is not viewed as a
960:
897:Family as a model for the state
1316:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
1306:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1261:The Origins of Political Order
1252:
1209:
1196:
1182:"Trapo Parties and Corruption"
1173:
1133:
1023:The Origins of Political Order
505:Intergovernmental organisation
460:Separation of church and state
1:
1346:Political science terminology
1126:
1082:Six Books of the Commonwealth
1325:Bakker, J. I. (Hans). 1988.
890:
302:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
1301:Russia under the Old Regime
1288:Russia under the Old Regime
1275:Russia under the Old Regime
1204:Russia under the Old Regime
1097:
1050:
858:domains. These regimes are
370:(socio-economic ideologies)
40:List of forms of government
10:
1367:
1259:Fukuyama, Francis (2011).
1222:Encyclopedia of Governance
1002:for the leader. The king,
924:rational-legal bureaucracy
894:
491:(geo-cultural ideologies)
1220:. In Bevir, Mark (ed.).
1090:, before and during the
920:political administration
989:. The structure of the
968:, a sociologist at the
880:absolute personal power
754:Administrative division
698:International relations
1092:Suharto administration
1048:
1030:states on the matter:
1013:
1312:Schwarz, Adam. 2004.
1230:10.4135/9781412952613
1140:Adams, Julia (2005).
1032:
991:Roman Catholic Church
974:
764:Democratic transition
627:Self-governing colony
224:Military dictatorship
970:University of Guelph
1351:Forms of government
1314:A Nation in Waiting
1069:Alexander the Great
1041:reciprocal altruism
932:early modern Europe
911:Economy and Society
886:Various definitions
803:Politics portal
688:Supranational union
597:Dependent territory
510:National government
1109:Neo-patrimonialism
16:Form of governance
1114:Tsarist autocracy
837:
836:
788:
787:
759:Democracy indices
734:
733:
537:
536:
346:Semi-presidential
271:
270:
1358:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1218:"Patrimonialism"
1213:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1146:
1137:
1104:Crony capitalism
1028:Francis Fukuyama
1016:Francis Fukuyama
866:and exclude the
829:
822:
815:
801:
800:
748:
747:
592:Associated state
550:
549:
525:Internationalism
515:World government
492:
371:
303:
284:
283:
258:Free association
245:
206:
125:
68:
56:
55:
19:
18:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1299:Richard Pipes,
1298:
1294:
1286:Richard Pipes,
1285:
1281:
1273:Richard Pipes,
1272:
1268:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1214:
1210:
1202:Richard Pipes,
1201:
1197:
1178:
1174:
1159:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1100:
1053:
1018:
963:
952:
944:
899:
893:
888:
833:
795:
790:
789:
776:Democratisation
769:Autocratization
745:
737:
736:
735:
692:
653:
632:Tributary state
622:Satellite state
577:
547:
546:Power structure
539:
538:
490:
489:
471:
442:
428:
419:Totalitarianism
369:
368:
350:
301:
300:
281:
273:
272:
267:
243:
235:
200:
192:
123:
115:
62:
53:
52:Source of power
30:Basic forms of
24:Politics series
17:
12:
11:
5:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1332:
1331:
1318:
1305:
1292:
1279:
1266:
1263:. p. 439.
1251:
1238:
1208:
1195:
1172:
1157:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:Pater familias
1116:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1052:
1049:
1017:
1014:
962:
959:
951:
948:
943:
940:
934:". For Weber,
904:, states: "In
892:
889:
887:
884:
840:Patrimonialism
835:
834:
832:
831:
824:
817:
809:
806:
805:
792:
791:
786:
785:
784:
783:
781:Hybrid regimes
778:
773:
772:
771:
761:
756:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
732:
731:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
712:Regional power
709:
701:
700:
694:
693:
691:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
662:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
641:
634:
629:
624:
619:
617:Puppet monarch
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
586:
585:
579:
578:
576:
575:
570:
565:
557:
556:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
535:
534:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
476:
473:
472:
470:
469:
468:
467:
462:
452:
450:State religion
444:
443:
441:
440:
437:
433:
430:
429:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
373:
372:
367:
366:
361:
355:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
321:Constitutional
318:
313:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
287:
282:
280:Power ideology
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
247:
246:
244:(rule by none)
237:
236:
234:
233:
228:
227:
226:
216:
208:
207:
194:
193:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
117:
116:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
96:Representative
93:
88:
83:
78:
70:
69:
54:
51:
50:
47:
46:
35:
34:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1363:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1262:
1255:
1241:
1239:9781412905794
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:0-8047-4716-4
1154:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:kin selection
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
967:
958:
956:
955:Richard Pipes
950:Richard Pipes
947:
942:Nathan Quimpo
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
912:
907:
903:
898:
883:
881:
877:
876:upper classes
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:in which all
845:
842:is a form of
841:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
811:
810:
808:
807:
804:
799:
794:
793:
782:
779:
777:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
741:
740:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
702:
699:
696:
695:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
668:Confederation
666:
665:
664:
663:
660:
657:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
587:
584:
581:
580:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
563:Unitary state
561:
560:
559:
558:
555:
552:
551:
543:
542:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
475:
474:
466:
465:State atheism
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:Secular state
453:
451:
448:
447:
446:
445:
438:
435:
434:
432:
431:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
374:
365:
362:
360:
359:Authoritarian
357:
356:
354:
353:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Parliamentary
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
286:
285:
277:
276:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
248:
242:
239:
238:
232:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
209:
204:
199:
196:
195:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
124:(rule by few)
122:
119:
118:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
66:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
25:
21:
20:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1221:
1211:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1148:
1135:
1118:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1054:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1019:
975:
966:J. I. Bakker
964:
961:J. I. Bakker
953:
945:
930:politics of
909:
900:
839:
838:
717:Middle power
644:Vassal state
638:Buffer state
636:
612:Puppet state
607:Protectorate
583:Client state
573:Principality
399:Distributism
341:Presidential
219:Dictatorship
143:Gerontocracy
65:rule by many
38:
22:Part of the
1071:'s empire.
902:Julia Adams
722:Great power
707:Small power
649:Viceroyalty
520:Nationalism
384:Colonialism
364:Libertarian
326:Directorial
203:rule by one
183:Technocracy
178:Stratocracy
158:Meritocracy
148:Kleptocracy
138:Aristocracy
1340:Categories
1245:2022-05-13
1127:References
1078:Jean Bodin
972:, states:
936:patriarchy
928:absolutist
916:households
895:See also:
864:oligarchic
860:autocratic
844:governance
727:Superpower
683:Superstate
678:Federation
673:Devolution
659:Federalism
500:City-state
173:Plutocracy
168:Particracy
32:government
1303:, page 65
1290:, page 24
1277:, page 23
1206:, page 22
1088:Indonesia
1057:Ptolemies
983:oligarchy
981:group or
891:Max Weber
554:Unitarism
530:Globalism
436:Religious
424:Tribalism
414:Socialism
409:Feudalism
394:Despotism
389:Communism
379:Anarchism
316:Communist
263:Stateless
253:Anarchism
214:Despotism
198:Autocracy
188:Theocracy
153:Kritarchy
121:Oligarchy
106:Socialist
60:Democracy
1167:54952945
1098:See also
1065:Pergamon
1061:Attalids
1059:and the
1051:Examples
1008:maharaja
602:Dominion
331:Legalist
311:Absolute
296:Republic
291:Monarchy
163:Noocracy
133:Anocracy
86:Economic
76:Demarchy
1020:In his
996:priests
856:private
744:Related
439:Secular
404:Fascism
241:Anarchy
231:Tyranny
91:Liberal
1236:
1186:KASAMA
1165:
1155:
1004:sultan
987:tyrant
872:middle
852:public
568:Empire
480:Global
111:Others
101:Social
81:Direct
1145:(PDF)
1000:deity
979:elite
906:Weber
868:lower
848:power
485:Local
1234:ISBN
1163:OCLC
1153:ISBN
1039:and
874:and
854:and
1226:doi
1063:of
908:'s
862:or
1342::
1232:.
1190:21
1188:.
1184:.
1161:.
1147:.
1026:,
1006:,
870:,
1248:.
1228::
1169:.
1043:.
828:e
821:t
814:v
205:)
201:(
67:)
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.