1564:
25:
611:, he tried to rewrite the Romanian history of the years 1940–1944, claiming that the Jews exaggerated the numbers of the victims of the Romanian holocaust, that communist Jews made things up and that Jews were not the victims, but the perpetrators of several of the heinous crimes of those times, using thus strategies common to holocaust denial. Goma rejects these criticisms and claims that he has filed
313:, where they were interned at the "Centrul de Repatriere" ("Repatriation Center"). There, Eufimie Goma forged documents for his family; however, Maria Goma's brother, who didn't have forged papers, was "repatriated to Siberia". In June 1945, taking advantage of the forged documents, they returned to Buia. Later on, Paul Goma would describe his family's refugee saga in the novels
443:
made a speech in which he attacked the "traitors of the country", referring to the two letters Goma wrote. The following day, a police cordon was in front of his building, not allowing non-residents, to prevent people from signing Goma's letter. The authorities tried to convince Goma to emigrate, but
447:
In March, he wrote an even tougher admonitory letter to
Nicolae Ceaușescu, urging him not to break the bond between the people and him, a bond that was created after Ceaușescu condemned the invasion of Czechoslovakia, and attacked the Securitate whom Goma said were "traitors and enemies of Romania,
546:
On 3 February 1981, Goma and
Nicolae Penescu (former Interior Minister) received parcels in their post. Penescu opened his parcel to find a book and when he lifted its cover an explosion wounded him. Goma, who had received two death threats since his arrival in France, called the police. Both
463:, the Secretary for Propaganda of the Central Committee, on March 12, Goma got the promise of being allowed to publish again, but he refused as he said that he wants not to be followed by the Securitate. A week later, a former boxer,
677:("Die Tür" or "The Door") in 1972, also in Germany. After his forced emigration in 1977 and until his books could again be published in Romania after the 1989 revolution, all his books appeared in France and in French. (His novel
724:
In its totality, Goma's literary work comprises a "persuasive and grimly fascinating exposure of totalitarian inhumanity" from which, in his own case, even foreign exile was no guarantee of a safe haven. In such later novels as
424:, but, finding few friends willing to sign it, he wrote another letter, addressed directly to Ceaușescu, in which he asked him to sign it, as the two of them (Goma and Ceaușescu) were the only Romanians not afraid of the
634:
566:(DST). With the help of the DST, Haiducu simulated an attempt on Goma's life, by poisoning his drink at a restaurant; the drink was then spilled by a French agent, pretending to be a "clumsy guest".
376:
until 1965 when a decree allowed former prisoners to study at the
University. In September 1965, he was re-admitted as a first-year student at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bucharest.
733:, the biographical element dominates as he focuses on his childhood in Bessarabia. Several sets of diaries, all published in Romania in 1997 and 1998, shed light on Goma's later life and career:
467:, broke into Goma's flat and attacked him; the attacks repeated the following days. As he was barricading himself with some friends in his apartment, he gave an interview to French TV station
353:. Goma was arrested on the charge of attempting to organize a strike at the University of Bucharest and he was sentenced to two years in prison. He served his sentence at the prisons in
1990:
641:, who explained the exclusion based on Goma's questioning the moral and scientific credibility of the president of the Commission, and disclosing of their private correspondence.
349:: during a seminar, he read out to other students parts of a novel he had written about a student who establishes a movement that is similar to the ones in Hungary during the
569:
Although Goma's numerous works (both fiction and non-fiction) were translated worldwide, his books, except the first one, were published in
Romania only after the
1184:
305:. From October to December 1944, the family hid in the forests around Buia. On January 13, 1945, they were captured by Romanian shepherds and turned over to the
2353:
429:
495:
460:
1078:
637:, a body charged with researching the crimes of the communist dictatorship in Romania. Nine days later he was dismissed by the Commission's president,
830:
509:
448:
who produce nothing and prevent those who produce from producing more". In the meantime, Goma gained the support of two intellectuals: psychiatrist
2328:
512:, not mentioning Goma, claimed that "individuals calling themselves writers and journalists sully with the dirtiest of dirt our noble profession".
2013:
397:(based on his experiences with the secret police), but it was not allowed by the censors after one of them claimed to recognize one character as
2103:
1940:
2146:
1686:
412:, a novel based on his experiences in the Gherla Prison. This book was also denied publication in Romania but was published in France in 1976.
1892:
444:
he refused. As the police cordon got more relaxed, several more people signed the letter and they were arrested on exiting Goma's apartment.
2248:
573:. He lived in Paris as a stateless political refugee, his Romanian citizenship having been revoked after 1978 by the communist government.
1987:
2363:
2123:
627:
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563:
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and the
Israeli Embassy protested against the distinction, arguing that Paul Goma was the author of multiple antisemitic articles.
387:
2333:
2273:
681:
had in fact been published in 1976 first in French by
Gallimard of Paris before he left Romania.) There followed such novels as
1880:
1666:
1538:
1522:
603:
Despite the fact that his wife is Jewish, some of Goma's post-2005 articles and essays have been criticized for their strong
2348:
618:
against his accusers. He asserted that his wife was Jewish and stated that similar arguments were used against him by the
600:
described Goma as a "deflective negationist", i.e. as blaming the victims of the
Holocaust in Romania for their own fate.
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737:("Other Journals"), which covers his stay in the United States in autumn 1978 but concentrates primarily on 1994–96;
108:
2041:
Paul Goma: Săptămâna roșie 28 iunie- 3 iulie 1940 sau
Basarabia și evreii. Eseu. Chișinău: Museum 2003 (in Romanian)
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622:
in the 1980s. On
January 30, 2007, Goma was awarded the "Citizen of Honor" distinction by the Municipal Council of
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1970:
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342:
35:
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701:("The Dogs of Death", 1981), which details his prison experiences in Pitești in the 1950s; and
2086:
638:
806:
2243:
2238:
246:
1843:
997:
440:
317:("The Art of Refuge", a wordplay on the Romanian words for "refuge" and "taking flight"),
8:
555:
229:; October 2, 1935 – March 24, 2020) was a Romanian writer, known for his activities as a
1670:
369:
275:
147:
82:
538:
On
November 20, 1977, Goma and his family left Romania and went into exile in France.
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531:. Goma was released on 6 May 1977, four days before the anniversary of 100 years of
516:
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453:
267:
143:
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242:
1913:"Romanian novelist and prominent anti-communist Paul Goma has died of coronavirus"
515:
An international appeal for his release was launched, among the signatories being
2150:
1994:
1897:
405:
in 1971, as a result of which, Paul Goma was excluded from the Communist Party.
535:, celebrations which Ceaușescu didn't want to be overshadowed by Goma's arrest.
428:. Following this, he wrote another letter (addressed to the 35 countries in the
334:
302:
1058:
834:
597:
749:("Journal of the Long Night", 1997), covering September to December 1993; and
649:
Goma's literary debut came in 1966 with a short story published in the review
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745:("Journal II: Journal of Great Heat", 1997), covering June and July 1989;
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During the summer of 1972, he was allowed to visit France, where he wrote
362:
361:, and then was put under house arrest in Lătești (a former village of the
1238:
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appeared in French in 1987 and was subsequently published in Romanian as
499:
485:
464:
384:
306:
237:
before 1989. Forced into exile by the communist authorities, he became a
2200:
Ceaușescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965–1989
1865:
Jackal: The Complete Story of the Legendary Terrorist, Carlos the Jackal
619:
425:
421:
769:
559:
468:
449:
230:
172:
1939:
Ioanid, Radu; Anghelescu, Ilinca; Precup, Mihaela (15 August 2003).
1563:
1515:
Săptămîna Roșie. 28 Iunie–3 Iulie 1940 sau Basarabia și evreii
478:. Following his arrest, he was attacked in the Romanian media: in a
24:
782:
420:
In 1977, Goma wrote a public letter expressing solidarity with the
372:, he was not allowed to resume his studies and he had to work as a
341:
in 1953. In 1954, he was admitted to the Faculty of Letters of the
2163:
The Columbia Guide to the Literatures of Eastern Europe Since 1945
713:("In Calidor: A Bessarabian Childhood", 1989, 1990; translated as
1840:
Le Tremblement des Hommes: peut-on vivre en Roumanie aujourd'hui?
1082:
994:
Le Tremblement des Hommes: peut-on vivre en Roumanie aujourd'hui?
615:
279:
249:
and the Jews, claims which have led to widespread allegations of
184:
1372:
1095:
753:("The Journal of a Journal, 1997"), focusing just on that year.
383:, in an act of solidarity with the Romanian position during the
1932:
1625:"Chevalier dans l'ordre des Arts et des Lettres" (France), 1986
1394:
293:. In August 1944, finding themselves in danger of involuntary "
2104:"Scrisoare către prietenii din Timișoara — și din toată țara"
810:
612:
390:(Romania did not take part, indeed condemning the invasion).
286:
931:
Dossier Paul Goma. L'écrivain face au socialisme du silence.
1999:
245:. After 2000, Goma expressed opinions on World War II, the
2014:"Combating Holocaust Deniers and Protecting Jewish Memory"
633:
On April 5, 2006 he was invited to become a member of the
2124:"Despre Vladimir Tismăneanu – și nu numai – în 11 puncte"
401:. Nevertheless, he published the novel in translation in
393:
Several months later, Goma attempted to publish a novel,
562:
sent by the Securitate to carry out the plan, turned to
379:
At the end of August 1968, Goma became a member of the
206:
2140:
Armand Gosu, "N-am avut de-a face cu Securitatea", in
1938:
554:
In 1982, the Securitate planned to assassinate Goma.
665:. In 1968 he published his first volume of stories,
297:" to the Soviet Union, they fled to the village of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2224:Paul Goma's site with downloadable recent writings
581:On March 18, 2020, Paul Goma was hospitalized at
2230:
1055:Les chiens de mort, ou, La passion selon Pitești
2020:. The Romanian Jewish Community. Archived from
1640:"Honorary Citizen" by the Municipal Council of
2165:, p. 189-90. Columbia University Press, 2003,
2092:
285:In March 1944, the Goma family took refuge in
1792:
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1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1687:"Scriitorul Paul Goma a murit de coronavirus"
1391:Scrisori întredeschise – singur impotriva lor
882:, Editura Cartea Românească, Bucharest, 1992.
673:and its West German publication in 1971 came
2129:
2354:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
2181:
2179:
1941:"Paul Goma – intre Belleville si Bucuresti"
1592:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
653:with which he collaborated as well as with
628:Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania
1779:
1767:
1753:
1725:
1660:
1658:
741:("Journal I: By Leaps and Bounds", 1997);
547:packages had been sent on instructions by
2114:
2112:
1977:
1910:
1857:
1799:
1612:Learn how and when to remove this message
644:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2176:
1037:Culoarea curcubeului ’77. Cod "Bărbosul"
474:Goma was arrested and excluded from the
2329:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
1818:Culoarea curcubeului '77. Cod 'Bărbosul
1655:
589:and died on March 24, 2020. He was 84.
345:. In November 1956, he was part of the
328:
2231:
2109:
2076:
2060:
2044:
607:nature. In particular, in his "essay"
415:
266:Goma was born to a Romanian family in
2018:Anti-Semitism in Romania: 2002 Report
1553:
439:In February 1977, Romania's dictator
432:) in which he called for respect for
224:
1886:
1664:
1590:adding citations to reliable sources
1557:
1290:, Universal Dalsi, Bucharest, 2005.
1201:Din calidor: O copilărie basarabeană
711:Din Calidor: O copilărie basarabeană
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
2249:Romanian people of Moldovan descent
1911:Robertson, Aaron (March 26, 2020).
1442:, Editura Nemira, Bucharest, 1999.
969:, Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 1979.
942:, Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 1977.
893:, Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 1976.
693:("The Trembling of People", 1979);
585:in Paris after being infected with
13:
2364:Radu Negru National College alumni
1704:"Absolvenți – Promoția 1953"
1433:, Editura Cartier, Chișinău, 1998.
1181:My Childhood at the Gate of Unrest
873:, Éditions Gallimard, Paris, 1974.
756:
747:Jurnal III: Jurnal de noapte lungă
731:My Childhood at the Gate of Unrest
715:My Childhood at the Gate of Unrest
541:
347:Bucharest student movement of 1956
14:
2375:
2319:People detained by the Securitate
2214:
1637:'s Prize for Prose, May 25, 1992.
1424:, Edutura Nemira, Bucharest, 1997
1415:, Editura Nemira, Bucharest, 1997
743:Jurnal II: Jurnal de căldură mare
717:) in the Romanian émigré journal
2314:Romanian prisoners and detainees
1665:Goma, Paul (November 11, 2006).
1631:'s Prize for Prose, March, 1992.
1562:
1406:Editura Nemira, Bucharest, 1995.
592:
456:; in all, he had 75 signatures.
23:
2155:
2035:
2006:
1988:"Goma și tema antisemitismului"
1963:
1904:
880:Ușa noastră cea de toate zilele
34:needs additional citations for
2334:University of Bucharest alumni
2274:Romanian expatriates in France
1829:
1696:
1677:
1549:, Editura Victor Frunză, 2005.
1533:, Criterion, Bucharest, 2004.
1143:, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1991.
1023:, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1990.
669:("The Room Next Door"). After
1:
2202:, M.E. Sharpe, London, 1995,
2192:
1669:(in Romanian). Archived from
705:(1986). The autobiographical
685:("Within the Circle", 1977);
261:
351:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
256:
233:and leading opponent of the
7:
2349:Holocaust denial in Romania
2089:, 2006, pages 48, 191, 201.
1867:, Arcade Publishing, 1998.
1712:Radu Negru National College
1431:Altina – grădina scufundată
564:French counter-intelligence
488:called him "a nullity", in
241:and resided in France as a
16:Romanian writer (1935–2020)
10:
2380:
2344:Holocaust denial in France
2324:People from Orhei District
2309:Romanian Holocaust deniers
2279:Romanian writers in French
1517:, Museum, Chișinău, 2003.
739:Jurnal I: Jurnal pe sărite
721:, edited by Ion Solacolu.
583:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
388:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
1635:Writers' Union of Romania
1629:Writers' Union of Moldova
1474:, Dacia, Bucharest, 2000.
1375:, 1995. (not distributed)
1134:, Hachette, Paris, 1983.
846:, Editura Univers, 1992.
803:La Cellule des libérables
751:Jurnalul unui jurnal 1997
691:Le Tremblement des Hommes
689:("Reverse Guard", 1979);
476:Writers' Union of Romania
204:
199:
191:
178:
167:
153:
130:
123:
2359:Inmates of Jilava Prison
2304:Inmates of Gherla prison
2299:Romanian anti-communists
1971:"Evreii versus ceilalți"
1648:
1393:, Multiprint "Familia",
1021:Culorile curcubeului '77
697:("Intersection", 1983);
626:. In February 2007, the
576:
381:Romanian Communist Party
2264:Romanian male essayists
2259:Romanian male novelists
2071:"Pledoarie pentru Goma"
1458:, Editura Allfa, 1999.
343:University of Bucharest
321:("Dog's Soldier"), and
222:Romanian pronunciation:
1983:Gabriel Andreescu, in
1472:Jurnal de Noapte Lungă
1422:Jurnal de căldura mare
1317:, Editura Dacia, 1992.
1257:, Editura Basarabian,
645:Literary contributions
339:Radu Negru High School
1945:observatorcultural.ro
1337:, Albin Michel 1998.
1185:Readers International
1114:Patimile după Pitești
1105:Patimile după Pitești
699:Les Chiens de la mort
635:Tismăneanu Commission
533:Romanian independence
498:said he was "rousing
365:commune) until 1963.
226:[ˈpa.ulˈɡoma]
1901:, September 13, 1982
1673:on January 31, 2013.
1667:"Bio – Bibliografie"
1586:improve this section
1501:, Des Syrtes, 2001.
1492:, Dacia, Cluj, 2000.
1483:, Dacia, Cluj, 2000.
871:Elles étaient quatre
452:and literary critic
333:Goma graduated from
329:Dissident in Romania
247:Holocaust in Romania
43:improve this article
2284:Romanian dissidents
2144:, nr.849, June 2006
2106:, February 22, 2007
2057:, November 11, 2005
2003:, February 17, 2005
1644:, January 30, 2007.
1440:Scrisuri. 1972–1998
1221:, Julliard, 1990.
915:, Bucharest, 1990.
639:Vladimir Tismăneanu
416:Goma's 1977 letters
325:("Reverse Guard").
182:Romania (1935–1977)
2269:Romanian essayists
2254:Romanian novelists
2149:2007-10-08 at the
1993:2007-10-12 at the
1554:Awards and honours
1481:Jurnal unui jurnal
1353:, Anamarol, 2006.
807:Éditions Gallimard
370:political prisoner
303:Târnava Mare River
276:Kingdom of Romania
148:Kingdom of Romania
2289:Romanian diarists
2198:Dennis Deletant,
2161:Segel, Harold B.
2055:"A fi "Antisemit"
1951:on 15 August 2003
1881:978-1-55970-466-3
1844:Éditions du Seuil
1820:, Polirom, 2005.
1622:
1621:
1614:
1539:978-973-86850-8-6
1523:978-9975-906-77-7
1490:Jurnal de Apocrif
1382:Amnezia la români
1237:, Editura Dacia,
1219:L'art de la fugue
1203:, Polirom, 2004.
1141:Soldatul câinelui
1039:, Polirom, 2005.
998:Éditions du Seuil
978:, Univers, 1997.
787:Frankfurt am Main
766:Camera de alături
667:Camera de alături
549:Carlos the Jackal
502:elements" and in
441:Nicolae Ceaușescu
319:Soldatul câinelui
239:political refugee
215:
214:
192:Years active
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93:
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2339:Stateless people
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1981:
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1960:
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1956:
1947:. Archived from
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1925:
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1902:
1893:"Rumanian Sting"
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1708:www.radunegru.ro
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1413:Jurnal pe sărite
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1079:Elsevier Manteau
1075:Het vierkante ei
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831:Bruna & Zoon
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659:Viața românească
521:Jean-Paul Sartre
243:stateless person
235:communist regime
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121:
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51:
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2294:Romanian exiles
2229:
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2220:
2217:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2160:
2156:
2151:Wayback Machine
2136:
2135:Tismăneanu, in
2134:
2130:
2126:, June 22, 2006
2119:
2117:
2110:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:, March 3, 2007
2067:
2066:Dan Culcer, in
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1995:Wayback Machine
1984:
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1964:
1954:
1952:
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1933:
1923:
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1909:
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1846:, Paris, 1979.
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1800:
1796:Deletant, p.241
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1776:Deletant, p.240
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1764:Deletant, p.239
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1750:Deletant, p.236
1749:
1726:
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1710:(in Romanian).
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967:Garde inverse
962:
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30:
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2026:. Retrieved
2022:the original
2017:
2008:
1998:
1979:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1949:the original
1944:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:Literary Hub
1916:
1906:
1896:
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1831:
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1807:
1803:
1802:
1715:. Retrieved
1707:
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1679:
1671:the original
1608:
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529:Edward Albee
514:
510:Vasile Băran
503:
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436:in Romania.
434:human rights
419:
409:
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403:West Germany
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368:As a former
367:
332:
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318:
315:Arta refugii
314:
295:repatriation
291:Transylvania
284:
272:Orhei County
265:
251:antisemitism
217:
216:
187:(since 2013)
159:(2020-03-24)
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2244:2020 deaths
2239:1935 births
1837:(in French)
1547:Alfabecedar
1496:(in French)
1456:Roman intim
1371:, Loreley,
1332:(in French)
1303:(in French)
1276:(in French)
1216:(in French)
1172:Din calidor
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776:(in German)
605:antisemitic
500:reactionary
486:Eugen Barbu
465:Horst Stump
385:Warsaw Pact
307:Gendarmerie
179:Citizenship
171:Writer and
58:"Paul Goma"
2233:Categories
2193:References
2028:2007-03-09
1955:24 January
1717:August 16,
1602:March 2020
1507:2845450389
1499:Profil bas
1159:Le calidor
1094:, Thule,
1072:(in Dutch)
1012:(in Dutch)
824:(in Dutch)
707:Le Calidor
651:Luceafărul
620:Securitate
491:Luceafărul
459:Called by
426:Securitate
422:Charter 77
311:Sighișoara
262:Early life
168:Occupation
137:1935-10-02
99:March 2020
69:newspapers
1924:March 26,
1642:Timișoara
1573:does not
1351:Bonifacia
1335:Bonifacia
1326:Bonifacia
913:Humanitas
770:Bucharest
727:Bonifacia
703:Bonifacia
624:Timișoara
484:article,
481:Săptămîna
469:Antenne 2
450:Ion Vianu
363:Bordușani
301:, by the
270:village,
257:Biography
231:dissident
218:Paul Goma
195:1966–2020
173:dissident
125:Paul Goma
2147:Archived
1991:Archived
1308:, 1992.
1272:, 1991.
1259:Chișinău
1241:, 1991.
1165:, 1987.
1059:Hachette
864:, 1972.
844:Ostinato
827:Ostinato
813:, 1971.
789:, 1971.
783:Suhrkamp
779:Ostinato
671:Ostinato
616:lawsuits
587:COVID-19
395:Ostinato
207:paulgoma
1594:removed
1579:sources
1397:, 1995.
1369:Adameva
1328:, 1993.
1281:, 1993.
1261:, 1995.
1174:, 1989.
1107:, 1990.
1098:, 1984.
1085:, 1983.
1083:Antwerp
958:, 1995.
956:In cerc
902:, 1978.
862:Die Tür
837:, 1974.
835:Utrecht
772:, 1968.
335:Făgăraș
280:Moldova
200:Website
185:Moldova
83:scholar
2206:
2169:
1879:
1871:
1850:
1824:
1537:
1531:Jurnal
1521:
1505:
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1395:Oradea
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1288:Sabina
1279:Sabina
1270:Sabina
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900:Gherla
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719:Dialog
679:Gherla
663:Ateneu
558:, the
410:Gherla
359:Gherla
355:Jilava
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1895:, in
1649:Notes
1404:Justa
1315:Astra
1306:Astra
1014:1980.
811:Paris
613:libel
577:Death
287:Sibiu
90:JSTOR
76:books
2204:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2000:Ziua
1957:2024
1926:2020
1898:Time
1877:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1719:2024
1577:any
1575:cite
1535:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1373:Iași
1355:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1239:Cluj
1223:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1145:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1096:Köln
1063:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1002:ISBN
980:ISBN
944:ISBN
917:ISBN
848:ISBN
815:ISBN
791:ISBN
729:and
661:and
527:and
430:CSCE
357:and
299:Buia
268:Mana
209:.com
154:Died
144:Mana
131:Born
62:news
1588:by
675:Ușa
309:in
45:by
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