688:
667:
254:
168:
66:
650:
London and the SDAP. Only with the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 did he change course. Incidentally, it was not De Groot, as the party legend later proposed, but fellow board member Jansen who wrote the famous manifesto 'Staakt, staakt, staakt' on the eve of the
February strike of 1941. The CPN has always considered this strike to be the culmination of the communist resistance against the Nazis in the Netherlands.
25:
637:
shoulders above his fellow directors. This and his almost slavish loyalty to Stalin led to De Groot becoming political secretary of the party in 1938, which had since been renamed
Communist Party of the Netherlands. He formed the party presidency with Lou Jansen and Jan Dieters. He also became editor-in-chief of the newspaper Het Volksdagblad. He turned out to be a headstrong, often capricious and suspicious leader.
696:
was too soft - young academics and social workers had increasingly taken the place of workers as members and administrators in the 1970s - and wanted to see it replaced by steel worker frameworks. With that, however, he overplayed his hand. The party board opposed and stripped him of honorary membership (1978). De Groot's role had been played.
619:
fled to the neutral
Netherlands and temporarily settled in Amsterdam. Son Paul got a job with a cigar maker who taught him the principles of socialism. In 1916 he returned to Antwerp with his parents. De Groot jr. became a diamond worker and joined the General Diamond Workers' Union of Belgium (ADB) and the Socialist Young Watch.
628:
participated, he had to flee
Germany in October 1923. After a short stay in France, De Groot relocated to Amsterdam in the autumn of 1925. He was active in the General Dutch Diamond Workers' Union (ANDB) and in the Communist Party Holland (CPH), the predecessor of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN).
695:
When the party suffered a dramatic election defeat in 1977 - the CPN dropped from seven to two parliamentary seats - De Groot knows this because the party hierarchy had been fooled by 'government machinations' around the recently completed train hijacking at De Punt. He thought the current leadership
662:
After the war, De Groot succeeded in quickly and easily regaining power within the CPN. For a short time he promoted the dissolution of the party in favour of an 'Association of
Friends of De Waarheid', because in that first post-war period the communist newspaper De Waarheid enjoyed wide popularity
704:
For the last ten years of his life, he lived a secluded life. Journalists and others who tried to approach were rebuffed. De Groot moved with his (second) wife to a care flat in Zeist and after her death, in
September 1985, to a Jewish nursing home in Bussum. The disappearance of the CPN group from
683:
In 1962 De Groot stepped down as political secretary and was appointed party chairman. In 1966 he left the
Chamber and a year later, at the 22nd party congress, he also resigned the presidency of the CPN. As an honorary member of the party board and director of the party's scientific office (IPSO),
649:
It did not prevent the CPN and its organs from being banned by the
Germans. In November 1940, the first issue of a new, illegal party newspaper, De Waarheid, was published. De Groot aimed his arrows at the German aggressor, but also continued to fight "Anglo-American imperialism", the government in
618:
De Groot was the son of a Jewish diamond cutter in
Amsterdam. He and his parents left for Antwerp in search of work. After primary school, De Groot jr. worked as an apprentice diamond cutter. When Antwerp was threatened by German troops after the outbreak of the First World War the De Groot family
627:
Impressed by the
October Revolution (1917), he participated in the founding conference of the United Communist Party of Belgium and became a member of the party board. Because of his participation in the agitation against the (temporary) occupation of the Ruhr area, in which Belgian troops also
674:
De Groot also entered the House of Representatives. There and in De Waarheid, of which he had become editor-in-chief, he sometimes defended contradictory views. For example, with regard to the young Indonesian republic: on the one hand he was against sending Dutch troops to violently crush the
653:
In October 1942, the Germans raided the house where De Groot and his family were hiding. De Groot managed to escape through the back door, but his wife and daughter were taken to Auschwitz and gassed there, which made him feel guilty and troubled the rest of his life. In February 1943 he again
636:
After a purge of political leadership enforced by Moscow, De Groot joined the party board of the CPN in February 1930. Because of his activist past, great readability (besides Karl Marx he also read Heinrich Heine), intelligence, journalistic qualities and tactical insight, he stood head and
645:
After the German invasion in May 1940, De Groot initially believed that the Hitler-Stalin Pact required a cautious attitude towards the German occupying forces. In the Volksdagblad he wrote that English imperialism and the Dutch bourgeoisie had provoked the occupation.
675:
nationalist resistance in Java and elsewhere, on the other hand he thought that young communists should be sent out and then propaganda within the army for Indonesian independence. In their own communist circle this led to confusion and dissatisfaction.
713:
Cornelissen, I. (1996). Paul de Groot public enemy no. 1 . Amsterdam: Nijgh & Van Ditmar Stutje, JW (2000). The man who showed the way. Life and work of Paul de Groot 1899-1986 . Amsterdam: Busy Bee ( digital edition )
705:
the House of Representatives in 1986 never elicited any public comment from him. After his own death, that same year, Paul de Groot was commemorated with a single column in De Waarheid.
921:
936:
654:
narrowly escaped arrest by the Germans. He then turned the party leadership over to others (including Jaap Brandenburg) and cut off all contact with the illegal party.
931:
926:
663:
because of its resistance history. Fierce criticism in his own ranks and an ok from Moscow made De Groot decide in July 1945 to re-establish the CPN.
401:
848:
341:
961:
684:
however, he continued to exercise decisive influence behind the scenes, such as in 1975 when the CPN decided to reconcile with Moscow.
1001:
864:
360:
318:
981:
976:
610:(CPN). He was also a member of the House of Representatives for the CPN and chief editor of the party newspaper De Waarheid.
130:
986:
102:
971:
883:
859:
828:
607:
479:
378:
314:
268:
996:
941:
754:
229:
211:
189:
149:
109:
52:
182:
951:
991:
956:
687:
666:
116:
87:
83:
38:
946:
98:
855:
494:
310:
966:
735:, Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbeweging in Nederland, 10 February 2003
176:
76:
193:
777:
253:
916:
911:
804:
123:
8:
44:
760:
750:
821:
732:
591:
583:
905:
893:
838:
413:
353:
303:
764:
469:
449:
749:. Sunschrift, 152. (in Dutch) (2 ed.). Nijmegen: SUN. p. 137.
587:
579:
445:
65:
465:
606:(19 July 1899 โ 3 August 1986) was a Dutch politician of the
747:
Rondom Daan Goulooze : uit het leven van kommunisten
361:
Member of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
922:
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
937:Chairmen of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
884:Chairman of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
269:Chairman of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
932:Leaders of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
903:
829:Leader of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
379:Leader of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
927:Communist Party of the Netherlands politicians
670:Paul de Groot speaking at CPN conference, 1950
865:House of Representatives of the Netherlands
784:, Amsterdam, woensdag 6 augustus 1986, p. 1
373:20 November 1945 โ 1 February 1966
319:House of Representatives of the Netherlands
281:1 September 1962 โ 13 January 1968
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
331:15 April 1958 โ 15 December 1963
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
686:
665:
532:
528:
175:This article includes a list of general
744:
556:
904:
657:
391:6 May 1945 โ 15 December 1963
691:Henk Hoestra with Paul de Groot, 1973
631:
678:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
13:
860:Communist Party of the Netherlands
608:Communist Party of the Netherlands
480:Communist Party of the Netherlands
315:Communist Party of the Netherlands
181:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1013:
962:Resistance members from Amsterdam
790:
34:This article has multiple issues.
252:
166:
64:
23:
640:
552:
524:
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1002:20th-century Dutch journalists
771:
738:
723:
1:
717:
708:
699:
982:Dutch expatriates in Germany
977:Dutch expatriates in Belgium
613:
16:Dutch politician (1899โ1986)
7:
987:Dutch expatriates in France
622:
10:
1018:
495:Communist Party of Belgium
972:Dutch Holocaust survivors
890:
881:
873:
853:
845:
835:
826:
818:
813:
778:"Paul de Groot overleden"
597:
575:
567:
503:
488:
475:
455:
428:
423:
419:
407:
395:
384:
377:
366:
359:
347:
335:
324:
309:
297:
285:
274:
267:
263:
251:
244:
997:Politicians from Antwerp
942:Jewish Dutch politicians
814:Party political offices
807:Parlement & Politiek
952:Dutch newspaper editors
196:more precise citations.
992:Writers from Amsterdam
957:Dutch magazine editors
692:
671:
745:Harmsen, Ger (1980).
690:
669:
258:Paul de Groot in 1967
947:Jewish Dutch writers
856:Parliamentary leader
733:Saul (Paul) de Groot
604:Saul "Paul" de Groot
531:; died
514:Szajndla Borzykowska
311:Parliamentary leader
84:improve this article
658:Recovery after 1945
805:S. (Paul) de Groot
693:
672:
632:Party board member
900:
899:
891:Succeeded by
836:Succeeded by
679:End of board work
601:
600:
499:
484:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
1009:
874:Preceded by
846:Preceded by
819:Preceded by
811:
810:
803:
785:
775:
769:
768:
742:
736:
731:
727:
560:
558:
554:
536:
534:
530:
526:
497:
482:
462:
442:
440:
424:Personal details
410:
398:
389:
371:
350:
338:
329:
300:
288:
279:
256:
242:
241:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
192:this article by
183:inline citations
170:
169:
162:
155:
148:
144:
141:
135:
133:
92:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
967:Dutch jewellers
902:
901:
896:
887:
879:
868:
862:
851:
841:
832:
824:
822:Louis de Visser
801:
793:
788:
776:
772:
757:
743:
739:
729:
728:
724:
720:
711:
702:
681:
660:
643:
634:
625:
616:
592:Editor-in-chief
590:
586:
582:
563:
562:
550:
546:
538:
522:
518:
515:
490:
489:Other political
476:Political party
464:
460:
444:
438:
436:
435:
434:
408:
396:
390:
385:
372:
367:
348:
336:
330:
325:
298:
286:
280:
275:
259:
247:
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
188:Please help to
187:
171:
167:
156:
145:
139:
136:
99:"Paul de Groot"
93:
91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1015:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
898:
897:
892:
889:
880:
875:
871:
870:
852:
847:
843:
842:
837:
834:
825:
820:
816:
815:
809:
808:
798:
797:
792:
791:External links
789:
787:
786:
770:
755:
737:
721:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
698:
680:
677:
659:
656:
642:
639:
633:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
599:
598:
595:
594:
584:Diamond cutter
577:
573:
572:
569:
565:
564:
548:
544:
543:
542:
541:
520:
516:
513:
512:
511:
510:
507:
505:
501:
500:
492:
486:
485:
477:
473:
472:
463:(aged 87)
457:
453:
452:
432:
430:
426:
425:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
382:
381:
375:
374:
364:
363:
357:
356:
351:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
322:
321:
307:
306:
301:
295:
294:
289:
283:
282:
272:
271:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
249:
248:
245:
238:
237:
220:
219:
174:
172:
165:
158:
157:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1014:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
895:
894:Henk Hoekstra
886:
885:
878:
872:
867:
866:
861:
857:
850:
844:
840:
839:Marcus Bakker
831:
830:
823:
817:
812:
806:
800:
799:
795:
794:
783:
779:
774:
766:
762:
758:
756:9789061681526
752:
748:
741:
734:
726:
722:
715:
706:
697:
689:
685:
676:
668:
664:
655:
651:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
609:
605:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
540:
539:
509:
508:
506:
502:
496:
493:
487:
481:
478:
474:
471:
467:
459:3 August 1986
458:
454:
451:
447:
433:Saul de Groot
431:
427:
422:
418:
415:
414:Marcus Bakker
412:
406:
403:
402:Ko Beuzemaker
400:
394:
388:
383:
380:
376:
370:
365:
362:
358:
355:
354:Marcus Bakker
352:
346:
343:
340:
334:
328:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
305:
304:Henk Hoekstra
302:
296:
293:
290:
284:
278:
273:
270:
266:
262:
255:
250:
246:Paul de Groot
243:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
195:
191:
185:
184:
178:
173:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101: โ
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
882:
876:
854:
849:Henk Gortzak
827:
781:
773:
746:
740:
725:
712:
703:
694:
682:
673:
661:
652:
648:
644:
641:World War II
635:
626:
617:
603:
602:
491:affiliations
461:(1986-08-03)
443:19 July 1899
409:Succeeded by
386:
368:
349:Succeeded by
342:Henk Gortzak
326:
299:Succeeded by
291:
276:
226:
208:
199:
180:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
917:1986 deaths
912:1899 births
782:De Waarheid
545:Eke de Jong
498:(from 1921)
483:(from 1926)
470:Netherlands
450:Netherlands
397:Preceded by
337:Preceded by
287:Preceded by
194:introducing
906:Categories
888:1962โ1968
869:1958โ1963
833:1945โ1963
802:(in Dutch)
730:(in Dutch)
718:References
709:Literature
700:Retirement
588:Journalist
580:Politician
576:Occupation
439:1899-07-19
202:April 2022
177:references
140:April 2022
110:newspapers
39:improve it
614:Biography
446:Amsterdam
387:In office
369:In office
327:In office
277:In office
45:talk page
796:Official
765:71392888
623:Training
568:Children
877:Unknown
863:in the
858:of the
561:
549:
537:
521:
517:
504:Spouses
317:in the
313:of the
292:Unknown
190:improve
124:scholar
763:
753:
555:
527:
466:Bussum
179:, but
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
559:)
551:(
547:
535:)
523:(
519:
131:JSTOR
117:books
761:OCLC
751:ISBN
557:1951
533:1942
529:1920
456:Died
429:Born
103:news
86:by
908::
780:,
759:.
553:m.
525:m.
468:,
448:,
48:.
767:.
571:1
441:)
437:(
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
186:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:ยท
121:ยท
114:ยท
107:ยท
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.