Pedagogy - Knowledge

1326: 1291:

but that people learn faster or better outside the classroom. Others critique the fact that some teachers stand before a classroom with only six weeks of teacher education. Against this background, Masschelein and Simons propose to look at school from a different point of view. Their educational morphology approaches the school as a particular scholastic 'form of gathering'. What the authors mean with that, is the following: school is a particular time-space-matter arrangement. This thus includes concretes architectures, technologies, practices and figures. This arrangement "deals in a specific way with the new generation, allows for a particular relation to the world, and for a particular experience of potentiality and of commonality (of making things public)".

44: 856:(551–479 BCE) stated that authority has the responsibility to provide oral and written instruction to the people under the rule, and "should do them good in every possible way." One of the deepest teachings of Confucius may have been the superiority of personal exemplification over explicit rules of behavior. His moral teachings emphasized self-cultivation, emulation of moral exemplars, and the attainment of skilled judgement rather than knowledge of rules. Other relevant practices in the Confucian teaching tradition include the Rite and its notion of body-knowledge as well as Confucian understanding of the self, one that has a broader conceptualization than the Western individual self. 681:(347 – 30 September 420 CE), or Saint Hieronymus, was a Christian scholar who detailed his pedagogy of girls in numerous letters throughout his life. He did not believe the body in need of training, and thus advocated for fasting and mortification to subdue the body. He only recommends the Bible as reading material, with limited exposure, and cautions against musical instruments. He advocates against letting girls interact with society, and of having "affections for one of her companions than for others." He does recommend teaching the alphabet by ivory blocks instead of memorization so "She will thus learn by playing." He is an advocate of 3543: 1423:); therefore, teachers of both primary and secondary schools may be referred to as pedagogues, a word that appears also in the name of their lobbyist organizations and labor unions (e.g. Labor Union of Pedagogues, Democratic Labor Union of Pedagogues). However, undergraduate education in Pedagogy does not qualify students to become teachers in primary or secondary schools but makes them able to apply to be educational assistants. As of 2013, the six-year training period was re-installed in place of the undergraduate and postgraduate division which characterized the previous practice. 6589: 494: 1458:. He named seven of these intelligences in 1983: Linguistic, Logical and Mathematical, Visual and Spatial, Body and Kinesthetic, Musical and Rhythmic, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal. Critics say the theory is based only on Gardner's intuition instead of empirical data. Another criticism is that the intelligence is too identical for types of personalities. The theory of Howard Gardner came from cognitive research and states these intelligences help people to " 6462: 5475: 5485: 4697: 6504: 1304:

Things like the place and time of learning, didactic and pedagogic support are means to an end: the acquisition of preplanned learning outcomes. And these outcomes are a direct input for the knowledge economy. Masschelein and Simons' main critique here is that the main concern is not the educational institution (anymore). Rather, the focus lies on the learning processes and mainly on the learning outcomes of the individual learner.

6555: 6572: 6538: 6606: 6472: 6521: 626:, which was subsequently lost. However, he renounced Plato's view in subsequent works, advocating for a common education mandated to all citizens by the State. A small minority of people residing within Greek city-states at this time were considered citizens, and thus Aristotle still limited education to a minority within Greece. Aristotle advocates physical education should precede intellectual studies. 3577: 6450: 1299:"Education and training can only contribute to growth and job-creation if learning is focused on the knowledge, skills and competences to be acquired by students (learning outcomes) through the learning process, rather than on completing a specific stage or on time spent in school." (European Commission, 2012, p.7) 1241:

selection, the language used by the teacher, and more can empower or disempower students. It asserts that educational practices favor some students over others and some practices harm all students. It also asserts that educational practices often favor some voices and perspectives while marginalizing

833:

1902). Dewey not only re-imagined the way that the learning process should take place but also the role that the teacher should play within that process. He envisioned a divergence from the mastery of a pre-selected set of skills to the cultivation of autonomy and critical-thinking within the teacher

770:

and the resulting benefits to society. In other words, Herbart proposed that humans become fulfilled once they establish themselves as productive citizens. Herbartianism refers to the movement underpinned by Herbart's theoretical perspectives. Referring to the teaching process, Herbart suggested five

271:

but there are some differences. Usually, didactics is seen as the more limited term that refers mainly to the teacher's role and activities, i.e how their behavior is most beneficial to the process of education. This is one central aspect of pedagogy besides other aspects that consider the learner's

1290:

Important pedagogues in Belgium are Jan Masschelein and Maarten Simons (Catholic University of Leuven). According to these scholars, schools nowadays are often dismissed as outdated or ineffective. Deschoolers even argue that schools rest on the false premise that schools are necessary for learning

575:

of the student by revealing the conclusions of the statement of the student as erroneous or supported. The instructor in this learning environment recognizes the learners' need to think for themselves to facilitate their ability to think about problems and issues. It was first described by Plato in

230:

that is hard to put into words". This approach is often based on the idea that the most central aspects of teaching are only acquired by practice and cannot be easily codified through scientific inquiry. In this regard, pedagogy is concerned with "observing and refining one's skill as a teacher". A

604:

in which individual and family rights are sacrificed to the State. He describes three castes: one to learn a trade; one to learn literary and aesthetic ideas; and one to be trained in literary, aesthetic, scientific, and philosophical ideas. Plato saw education as a fulfillment of the soul, and by

1447:

as "teachers' efforts in responding to inconsistencies among students in the classroom." Differentiation refers to methods of teaching. She explained that Differentiated Instruction gives learners a variety of alternatives for acquiring information. Primary principles comprising the structure of

1435:

published on 3 June 2018 described the usual first day of school in an academic calendar. Teachers meet their students with distinct traits. The diversity of attributions among children or teens exceeds similarities. Educators have to teach students with different cultural, social, and religious

1303:

This is, according to Masschelein and Simons a plea for learning outcomes and demonstrates a vision of education in which the institution is no longer the point of departure. The main ambition in this discourse of education is the efficient and effective realisation of learning outcomes for all.

537:

In the Western world, pedagogy is associated with the Greek tradition of philosophical dialogue, particularly the Socratic method of inquiry. A more general account of its development holds that it emerged from the active concept of humanity as distinct from a fatalistic one and that history and

1294:

Masschelein and Simons' most famous work is the book "Looking after school: a critical analysis of personalisation in Education". It takes a critical look at the main discourse of today's education. Education is seen through a socio-economic lens: education is aimed at mobilising talents and

148:

of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly as they reflect different social,

771:

steps as crucial components. Specifically, these five steps include: preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application. Herbart suggests that pedagogy relates to having assumptions as an educator and a specific set of abilities with a deliberate end goal in mind.

748:(January 12, 1746 – February 17, 1827), founder of several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland and wrote many works explaining his revolutionary modern principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". 255:

education. But in a wider sense, it includes all forms of education, both inside and outside schools. In this wide sense, it is concerned with the process of teaching taking place between two parties: teachers and learners. The teacher's goal is to bring about certain

1312:

In Brazil, a pedagogue is a multidisciplinary educator. Undergraduate education in Pedagogy qualifies students to become school administrators or coordinators at all educational levels, and also to become multidisciplinary teachers, such as pre-school, elementary and

231:

more inclusive definition combines these two characterizations and sees pedagogy both as the practice of teaching and the discourse and study of teaching methods. Some theorists give an even wider definition by including considerations such as "the development of

710:"Little children are more easily managed by caresses than fear," supporting a more gentle approach than his Christian predecessors. He also states "Above all else, let the teacher make an effort to be a father to his pupils." He is considered a precursor of 2383:

Giroux, Henry and Anthony Penna. "Social Education in the Classroom: The Dynamics of the Hidden Curriculum." The Hidden Curriculum and Moral Education. Ed. Giroux, Henry and David Purpel. Berkeley, California: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1983.

908:

A hidden curriculum refers to extra educational activities or side effect of an education, " which are learned but not openly intended" such as the transmission of norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment.

1203:. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students. Student-centered instruction focuses on skills and practices that enable 935:, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others. 6423: 825:(1938). In his eyes, the purpose of education should not revolve around the acquisition of a pre-determined set of skills, but rather the realization of one's full potential and the ability to use those skills for the greater good ( 1464:

understand the same materials in the same manner and that a standardized, collective measure is very much impartial towards linguistic approaches in instruction and assessment as well as to some extent logical and quantitative

1406:

It is also possible to earn a master's degree in pedagogy/educational science from the University of Copenhagen. This BA and MA program has a more theoretical focus compared to the more vocational Bachelor in Social Education.

246:

According to Patricia Murphy, a detailed reflection on the meaning of the term "pedagogy" is important nonetheless since different theorists often use it in very different ways. In some cases, non-trivial assumptions about the

215:. They include helping the student develop their intellectual and social abilities as well as psychomotor and affective learning, which are about developing practical skills and adequate emotional dispositions, respectively. 1486:

refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction,

2373:

Martin, Jane. "What Should We Do with a Hidden Curriculum When We Find One?" The Hidden Curriculum and Moral Education. Ed. Giroux, Henry and David Purpel. Berkeley, California: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1983.

5030: 995:

or other network technologies, are recent developments in distance education. A number of other terms (distributed learning, e-learning, online learning, etc.) are used roughly synonymously with distance education.

5440: 6083: 1448:

Differentiated Instruction include formative and ongoing assessment, group collaboration, recognition of students' diverse levels of knowledge, problem-solving, and choice in reading and writing experiences.

889:. These strategies are determined partly by the subject matter to be taught, partly by the relative expertise of the learners, and partly by constraints caused by the learning environment. For a particular 1394:

In Denmark all pedagogues are educated at a series of national institutes for social educators located in all major cities. The education is a 3.5-year academic course, giving the student the title of a

243:". Due to this variety of meanings, it is sometimes suggested that pedagogy is a "catch-all term" associated with various issues of teaching and learning. In this sense, it lacks a precise definition. 6256: 5450: 2895: 957:. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. 6088: 2882:

Pedersen, S., & Liu, M. (2003). Teachers' beliefs about issues in the implementation of a student-centered learning environment. Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(2), 57–76.

2731: 829:, Dewey, 1897). Dewey advocated for an educational structure that strikes a balance between delivering knowledge while also taking into account the interests and experiences of the student ( 647:(95 CE). He describes education as a gradual affair, and places certain responsibilities on the teacher. He advocates for rhetorical, grammatical, scientific, and philosophical education. 6078: 5056: 6306: 6251: 5445: 5099: 1258:

of Pedagogy, is awarded honorarily by some US universities to distinguished teachers (in the US and UK, earned degrees within the instructive field are classified as an Ed.D.,

6190: 6286: 6098: 3309: 6281: 6261: 6093: 5792: 5414: 152:

Pedagogy is often described as the act of teaching. The pedagogy adopted by teachers shapes their actions, judgments, and teaching strategies by taking into consideration

6103: 5797: 893:

method to be appropriate and efficient it has to take into account the learner, the nature of the subject matter, and the type of learning it is supposed to bring about.

2272:

Kenklies, Karsten (12 February 2012). "Educational Theory as Topological Rhetoric: The Concepts of Pedagogy of Johann Friedrich Herbart and Friedrich Schleiermacher".

1138:, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research. 183:

The meaning of the term "pedagogy" is often contested and a great variety of definitions has been suggested. The most common approach is to define it as the study or

6063: 1624: 6048: 5086: 3190: 1295:

competencies (p23). This is seen in multiple texts from governing bodies, in Belgium and Europe. One of the most significant examples is quoted on page 23:

5845: 5777: 5399: 3595: 6033: 5082: 5073: 5064: 664:(155 – 240 CE) was a Christian scholar who rejected all pagan education, insisting this was "a road to the false and arrogant wisdom of ancient philosophers". 5060: 2892: 1436:

backgrounds. This situation entails a differentiated strategy in pedagogy and not the traditional approach for teachers to accomplish goals efficiently.

2515:

Kaplan, Andreas M.; Haenlein, Michael (2016). "Higher education and the digital revolution: About MOOCs, SPOCs, social media, and the Cookie Monster".

4800: 1693: 1589:

Li, G., 2012. Culturally contested Pedagogy: Battles of literacy and schooling between mainstream teachers and Asian immigrant parents. Suny Press.

1544: 6145: 3551: 2686: 297: 285: 2745: 272:

perspective as well. In this wider sense, pedagogy focuses on "any conscious activity by one person designed to enhance learning in another".

6113: 5988: 1886: 156:, understandings of students and their needs, and the backgrounds and interests of individual students. Its aims may range from furthering 1008:, national and local cultural norms, and make it accessible to different types of learners. Key adaptations in teaching resource include: 1995: 1625:"Blueprint for government schools. Flagship strategy 1: Student Learning. The Principles of Learning and Teaching P-12 Background Paper" 3586: 3566: 4945: 3505: 2713: 6291: 6108: 4785: 2773: 472:. The term "pedagogy" is also found in the English discourse, but it is more broadly discussed in other European languages, such as 2873:

Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to Learn for the '80s. New York: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, A Bell & Howell Company.

6038: 5389: 3284: 931:", but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, 605:

fulfilling the soul the body subsequently benefited. Plato viewed physical education for all as a necessity to a stable society.

2964: 2067: 4805: 167:

Instructive strategies are governed by the pupil's background knowledge and experience, situation and environment, as well as

5364: 3489: 3458: 3427: 3119: 2696: 2653: 2324: 2152: 2127: 2099: 1977: 1872: 1835: 1775: 703: 685:, stating "Do not chide her for the difficulty she may have in learning. On the contrary, encourage her by commendation..." 5622: 1566: 3233: 1631: 6492: 5928: 5552: 5409: 3763: 3187: 2565: 2445: 2190: 1721: 1337:) is broadly speaking a practitioner of pedagogy, but the term is primarily reserved for individuals who occupy jobs in 1325: 971:

Distance education or long-distance learning is the education of students who may not always be physically present at a

538:

human destiny are results of human actions. This idea germinated in ancient Greece and was further developed during the

5978: 3047: 2923: 2849: 264:

of the subject matter to be taught. Pedagogy is interested in the forms and methods used to convey this understanding.

1387:. There is also a very big focus on the care and well-being of the child. Many pedagogical institutions also practice 6413: 6296: 6160: 2948: 2609: 2496: 2471: 1739: 218:

However, not everyone agrees with this characterization of pedagogy and some see it less as a science and more as an

226:. This characterization puts more emphasis on the practical aspect of pedagogy, which may involve various forms of " 5993: 5888: 3234:"Ezekre a tanári szakokra jelentkeztek a legtöbben [English: These Teaching Areas Proved The Most Popular]" 1937: 1455: 975:. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via 6641: 6475: 6043: 5861: 5759: 5572: 4059: 3825: 3611: 821: 168: 3359: 571:

while engaging with a student or peer. This style does not impart knowledge, but rather tries to strengthen the

5998: 5820: 5597: 5199: 4820: 2774:"An evidence-based approach to teaching and learning, Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER), 2005" 927:, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to " 6266: 6223: 6180: 5103: 3513: 3135: 1225:

to pedagogy and asserts that educational practices are contested and shaped by history, that schools are not

5835: 5787: 5684: 5679: 5404: 5309: 3966: 6510: 3259: 2340: 6246: 4250: 3804: 3799: 2076: 2043: 2004: 1690: 944: 248: 153: 6595: 3673: 2044:"pedagogy noun – definition in British English Dictionary & Thesaurus – Cambridge Dictionary Online" 6418: 5644: 4860: 4383: 3999: 3867: 3857: 2208:

Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism: Life, Educational Principles, and Methods of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

1691:

Pedagogy – a holistic, personal approach to work with children and young people, across services. p. 4.

1444: 1266:). The term is also used to denote an emphasis in education as a specialty in a field (for instance, a 988: 745: 740: 17: 6544: 5359: 5324: 5279: 5095: 4970: 4960: 4765: 4435: 4345: 4330: 4079: 3481: 1391:. The pedagogue's work also consists of supporting the child in their mental and social development. 1365: 1191:

Student-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of

6327: 6170: 6073: 5983: 5933: 5893: 5744: 5249: 5244: 5139: 5131: 4975: 4865: 4795: 4295: 3884: 3830: 2893:

Cognition and student-centered, web-based learning: Issues and implications for research and theory

2364:

Westwood, P. (2008). What teachers need to know about Teaching methods. Camberwell, Vic, ACER Press

1186: 1127: 1121: 763: 145: 6068: 6058: 5913: 5714: 5674: 5654: 5634: 5537: 5369: 5344: 5259: 5239: 5189: 5159: 5149: 5035: 4955: 4920: 4905: 4890: 4845: 4780: 4650: 4290: 4024: 3909: 3756: 3517: 1549: 979:. Today it involves online education. Courses that are conducted (51 percent or more) are either 807: 3542: 3161: 2247: 2018: 1852: 1282:

The education of pedagogues, and their role in society, varies greatly from culture to culture.

512: 6527: 6390: 6335: 6140: 6053: 5968: 5943: 5825: 5649: 5455: 5334: 5329: 5209: 4910: 4657: 4340: 4335: 3974: 3944: 3939: 3924: 3899: 3840: 3835: 797: 506: 1992: 251:

are even included in its definition. Pedagogy is often specifically understood in relation to

6380: 6370: 6355: 6155: 6018: 5953: 5923: 5898: 5830: 5729: 5724: 5699: 5557: 5349: 5304: 5284: 5274: 5174: 5010: 4985: 4835: 4830: 4810: 4775: 4760: 4325: 4305: 4144: 4049: 4019: 3919: 3894: 1823: 1352:). A pedagogue can occupy various kinds of jobs, within this restrictive definition, e.g. in 711: 340:) "boy, child": hence, "attendance on boys, to lead a child". It is pronounced variously, as 47:

Woman teaching geometry (detail of a XIV-century illuminated manuscript, at the beginning of

5815: 3475: 2821: 6561: 6385: 6360: 6340: 6301: 6205: 6028: 5958: 5938: 5754: 5704: 5664: 5617: 5612: 5602: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5562: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5374: 5289: 5269: 5154: 5144: 4995: 4965: 4950: 4935: 4925: 4915: 4880: 4875: 4825: 4770: 4745: 4633: 4623: 4350: 4162: 4134: 4124: 4084: 3954: 3949: 3929: 3889: 3809: 3419: 1561: 1483: 1477: 1396: 1263: 1162: 1005: 950: 924: 767: 547: 468: 199:. As a methodology, it investigates the ways and practices that can be used to realize the 161: 53: 37: 6578: 4373: 1764:

Murphy, Patricia (2 September 2003). "1. Defining Pedagogy". In Gipps, Caroline V. (ed.).

1368:. When working with at-risk families or youths they are referred to as social pedagogues ( 8: 6401: 6365: 6345: 6276: 6200: 5973: 5963: 5908: 5903: 5840: 5782: 5749: 5739: 5719: 5709: 5694: 5689: 5669: 5639: 5607: 5592: 5567: 5503: 5429: 5419: 5354: 5319: 5254: 5234: 5224: 5184: 5169: 5164: 5005: 5000: 4940: 4895: 4855: 4750: 4731: 4445: 4357: 4310: 4260: 4208: 4203: 4182: 4104: 4014: 3994: 3984: 3874: 2543: 1520: 1440: 1259: 1131: 3682: 3553:

Empowering students for just societies: a handbook for secondary school teachers

6636: 6465: 6350: 6195: 6185: 6175: 6165: 6023: 5948: 5734: 5659: 5629: 5460: 5379: 5339: 5314: 5294: 5229: 5204: 5194: 5179: 4980: 4930: 4885: 4870: 4850: 4840: 4815: 4755: 4450: 4393: 4238: 4089: 4039: 3989: 3934: 3879: 3791: 3749: 3412: 3092: 3020: 2803: 2759: 2646:

An Introduction to Distance Education: Understanding Teaching and Learning in a New Era

2420: 2395: 2297: 1929: 1878: 1514: 1432: 1174: 966: 791: 728: 723: 33: 1966:

Anderson, Philip M. (2005). "3. The Meaning of Pedagogy". In Kincheloe, Joe L. (ed.).

1599: 1130:(EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available 6646: 6631: 6375: 6271: 6228: 6150: 5918: 5484: 5299: 5264: 5219: 5214: 5123: 4990: 4900: 4790: 4696: 4628: 4440: 4422: 4300: 4270: 4243: 4233: 4223: 4218: 4187: 4119: 4109: 4094: 4054: 3862: 3845: 3591: 3485: 3454: 3423: 3334: 3115: 3096: 3084: 3043: 3024: 3012: 2944: 2919: 2845: 2807: 2787: 2692: 2649: 2615: 2605: 2563:

Distance Education Accrediting Commission. "CHEA-Recognized Scope of Accreditation."

2492: 2467: 2425: 2320: 2301: 2289: 2148: 2123: 2095: 2064: 1973: 1921: 1882: 1868: 1831: 1771: 1735: 1532: 1314: 1234: 1216: 1204: 1148: 903: 200: 157: 991:(MOOCs), offering large-scale interactive participation and open access through the 144:, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and 4700: 4616: 4557: 4320: 4315: 4285: 4172: 4167: 4129: 4034: 4009: 3914: 3690: 3477:

What Does Good Educational Research Look Like?: Situating a Field and Its Practices

3076: 3002: 2795: 2524: 2415: 2407: 2281: 1860: 1727: 1488: 1388: 1170: 984: 599: 419: 381: 343: 71: 1165:; in other words, the consequence of a dialogue in which different people provide 4280: 4275: 4157: 4152: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4044: 4004: 3669: 3444: 3194: 3080: 2913: 2899: 2839: 2641: 2593: 2528: 2449: 2317:

The Confucian Concept of Learning: Revisited for East Asian Humanistic Pedagogies

2222: 2071: 1999: 1967: 1765: 1697: 1526: 1508: 1353: 1267: 1251: 1222: 932: 878: 871: 731:(28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) is considered the father of modern education. 568: 477: 473: 227: 212: 188: 172: 58: 3310:"Understanding Differentiated Instruction: Building a Foundation for Leadership" 2688:

Empowering students for just societies: a handbook for secondary school teachers

1864: 1329:

Germany: A kindergarten teacher facilitates play for a group of children (1960).

6454: 4500: 4213: 3625: 3064: 2864:

Jones, Leo. (2007). The Student-Centered Classroom. Cambridge University Press.

2551:

Proceedings of the 20th Annual National Agricultural Education Research Meeting

2442: 1657: 1451: 1384: 1379:'s by primarily focusing on teaching children life-preparing knowledge such as 1349: 1271: 1102: 992: 918: 4378: 3040:

The Unschooling Handbook: How to Use the Whole World As Your Child's Classroom

3007: 2990: 2799: 2569: 2285: 1797: 1462:." Said differences dispute an educational system that presumes students can " 6625: 5478: 4575: 4177: 4114: 3979: 3852: 3635: 3088: 3016: 2619: 2293: 1925: 1380: 980: 757: 682: 280: 261: 4388: 3385: 4473: 4403: 4265: 3731: 3659: 3547: 2544:"Agriculture distance education: A valid alternative for higher education?" 2429: 1555: 1345: 1095: 816: 4398: 1731: 1720:

Watkins, Chris; Mortimore, Peter (1999). "1: Pedagogy: What do we Know?".

1511: – Any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling 160:(the general development of human potential) to the narrower specifics of 43: 5488: 4255: 3721: 3410:

Lodico, Marguerite G.; Spaulding, Dean T.; Voegtle, Katherine H. (2010).

2411: 1068: 1023:

Modifying materials needed – find, make or substitute required materials;

789:(20 October 1859 – 1 June 1952) is presented in several works, including 699: 694: 543: 539: 459: 192: 3112:

Looking after school:a critical analysis of personalisation in education

2147:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 35. 1933: 1909: 1229:

neutral spaces, and that teaching is political. Decisions regarding the

1017:

Large class size – consider smaller groups or have discussions in pairs;

493: 4228: 2902:. Learning and instruction in the digital age (pp. 11–23). Springer US. 1338: 1230: 1134:, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than 786: 780: 661: 656: 640: 635: 257: 240: 3114:(1st ed.). Leuven: E-ducation, Culture & Society Publishers. 2566:"CHEA: Directory of National Career-Related Accrediting Organizations" 1767:

Equity in the Classroom: Towards Effective Pedagogy for Girls and Boys

1040:

Change references to names, food and items to make them more familiar;

923:

Learning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a

597:(428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BCE) describes a system of education in 4466: 4029: 3772: 3450: 2822:"School Effectiveness Framework, Government of Ontario, Canada, 2013" 2120:

The History of Youth Work in Europe: Relevance for Youth Policy Today

1910:"The Meaning of the Concept of Education: Searching for the Lost Arc" 1502: 1361: 1341: 1255: 1166: 1135: 1027: 953:

describing how knowledge is absorbed, processed, and retained during

928: 853: 848: 619: 614: 268: 204: 196: 2915:

Teaching Nursing: Developing a Student-centered Learning Environment

2715:

Teaching as a research-based profession: possibilities and prospects

2092:

Teaching Piano Pedagogy: A Guidebook for Training Effective Teachers

1004:

Adapting the teaching resource should suit appropriate teaching and

2019:"Pedagogy definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary" 1538: 1238: 1226: 1192: 1158: 1154: 1044: 954: 890: 886: 564: 559: 219: 141: 137: 6612: 1061:

Use the names and processes for local institutions such as courts;

766:(4 May 1776 – 14 August 1841) highlighted the correlation between 4099: 1376: 1200: 1196: 1082: 1064:

Be sensitive of local behavior norms (e.g. for genders and ages);

1048: 882: 184: 2315:

Kwak, Duck-Joo; Kato, Morimichi; Hung, Ruyu (18 December 2019).

1020:

Time available – shorten or lengthen the duration of activities;

3550:

work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from

3065:"Education in times of fast learning: the future of the school" 2396:"Learning Setting-Generalized Activity Models for Smart Spaces" 2118:

Coussée, Filip; Verschelden, Griet; Williamson, Howard (2009).

1630:. Department of Education and Training Victoria. Archived from 1357: 972: 678: 673: 463: 252: 236: 232: 48: 2594:"Narrowing the Distance: Implementing a Hybrid Learning Model" 6486: 3436: 3360:"Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner) – Learning Theories" 3207: 594: 589: 572: 335: 329: 323: 317: 307: 295: 283: 223: 208: 3741: 2746:"Dimension: evidence-based, high impact teaching strategies" 2117: 203:. The main aim is often identified with the transmission of 3678:. Translated 1872 by Anna C. Brackett, R.P. Studley Company 3403: 3042:(2nd ed.). New York: Prima Publishing (Random House). 976: 466:, dating from at least the 1650s; a related expression is 446: 434: 428: 408: 402: 396: 390: 370: 358: 352: 128: 113: 107: 98: 86: 80: 3498: 3467: 1091:

Accommodation for students with special educational needs;

440: 405: 367: 364: 122: 110: 95: 92: 443: 437: 399: 361: 171:

set by the student and teacher. One example would be the

125: 119: 104: 89: 3414:

Methods in Educational Research: From Theory to Practice

2248:"Johann Friedrich Herbart | biography – German educator" 2510: 2508: 1658:"Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform" 1460:

know the world, understand themselves, and other people

3409: 3642:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1859:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 13–21. 1569: – study and practice of post-secondary teaching 3063:

Masschelein, Jan; Simons, Maarten (2 January 2015).

2505: 1571:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

1375:

The pedagogue's job is usually distinguished from a

431: 425: 393: 387: 355: 349: 164:(the imparting and acquisition of specific skills). 83: 77: 2711: 2122:. Strasbourg Cedex: Council of Europe. p. 96. 1071:

in society (trust in authorities and institutions).

422: 384: 346: 74: 3411: 3285:"What Is Differentiated Instruction? | Scholastic" 3212:The Official Site of The Labor Union of Pedagogues 2838:Kincheloe, Joe L.; Horn, Raymond A., eds. (2007). 2094:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 160. 1454:gained prominence in the education sector for his 3442: 3062: 2541: 2367: 2205: 1723:Understanding Pedagogy and its Impact on Learning 6623: 3109: 2918:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 5. 2841:The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology 1828:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Methodology 1719: 1545:Gender mainstreaming in teacher education policy 3168:(in Danish). Ministry of Children and Education 2891:Hannafin, M. J., & Hannafin, K. M. (2010). 2644:. In Cleveland-Innes, MF; Garrison, DR (eds.). 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1030:, use a larger space, move indoors or outdoors. 999: 136:), most commonly understood as the approach to 6320: 5875: 2912:Young, Lynne E.; Paterson, Barbara L. (2007). 2514: 1517: – Study of education policy and practice 1277: 235:and bodily fitness, social and moral welfare, 3757: 2965:"The Schools Aren't Broken, They're Outdated" 2911: 2837: 1857:Principles and Pedagogies in Jewish Education 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1552: – Study of nature and aims of education 1195:that shift the focus of instruction from the 1067:Ensure content is sensitive to the degree of 859: 6425:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 3546: This article incorporates text from a 2314: 1952: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1541: – Science of education of older adults 1505: – Transmission of knowledge and skills 1180: 2995:Educational Management & Administration 2792:School Effectiveness and School Improvement 2377: 2206:Barnard, Henry; Pestalozzi, Johann (1859). 2046:. Dictionary.cambridge.org. 10 October 2012 2036: 1491:, teacher training, and classroom dynamics. 881:is a set of principles and methods used by 762:The educational philosophy and pedagogy of 3764: 3750: 3656:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belkapp Press. 3587:List of important publications in pedagogy 3567:List of important publications in pedagogy 3443:Anderson, Garry; Arsenault, Nancy (1998). 1791: 1789: 1787: 1702: 1523: – Classification system in education 3006: 2938: 2419: 2011: 1748: 1109: 1088:Activities for different learning styles; 6127: 3037: 2885: 2542:Honeyman, M; Miller, G (December 1993). 2271: 2188: 2142: 2089: 1965: 1907: 1324: 643:(35 – 100 CE) published his pedagogy in 511:Relevant discussion may be found on the 42: 5502: 4730: 4719: 3226: 2988: 2639: 2461: 1784: 1655: 1470: 702:(13 December 1363 – 12 July 1429), the 14: 6624: 3738:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 2969:Teachers College – Columbia University 2732:"Instructional strategies, Understood" 2684: 2598:Quarterly Review of Distance Education 2486: 2184: 1850: 1821: 1763: 662:Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus 6319: 6126: 5874: 5501: 5122: 5121: 4729: 4718: 4420: 3783: 3745: 3726:The Language and Thought of the Child 3473: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2648:. Taylor & Francis. p. 165. 2591: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2113: 2111: 1822:Howell, Kerry E. (13 November 2012). 1476:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 1120:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 1047:, stories, songs, games, artwork and 870:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 717: 704:Chancellor of the University of Paris 6493: 3570: 3446:Fundamentals of Educational Research 3339:Harvard Graduate School of Education 2393: 1567:Scholarship of teaching and learning 1558: – Critical theory of education 1210: 1142: 960: 938: 897: 831:The Child and the Curriculum, Dewey, 734: 487: 6471: 3516:. 21 September 2011. Archived from 3480:. Conducting Educational Research. 3110:Macchelein, J.; Simons, M. (2021). 2274:Studies in Philosophy and Education 1969:Classroom Teaching: An Introduction 1535: – Critical theory of learning 1245: 622:(384–322 BCE) composed a treatise, 57:, in the translation attributed to 24: 3560: 3510:Instructional Assessment Resources 3386:"Gardner's Multiple Intelligences" 2932: 2669: 2161: 2108: 1426: 1419:) is synonymous with the teacher ( 1085:level(s) of texts for student use; 864: 149:political, and cultural contexts. 25: 6658: 3556:, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO. 2491:(6th ed.). Boston: Pearson. 2466:. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co. 1649: 1617: 1207:and independent problem-solving. 1114: 912: 751: 708:De parvulis ad Christum trahendis 6604: 6587: 6570: 6553: 6536: 6519: 6502: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6448: 5989:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5483: 5474: 5473: 5031:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 4801:Democratic Republic of the Congo 4695: 3728:. London: Routledge & Kegan. 3702:Manuale di Pedagogia Scientifica 3575: 3541: 2464:The three dimensions of learning 1940:from the original on 12 May 2022 1889:from the original on 12 May 2022 1795: 1415:In Hungary, the word pedagogue ( 1161:. It is typically the result of 1076:Inclusivity for diverse students 1026:Space requirements – reorganize 492: 418: 380: 342: 140:, is the theory and practice of 70: 27:Theory and practice of education 3378: 3352: 3327: 3302: 3277: 3252: 3200: 3180: 3154: 3128: 3103: 3056: 3031: 2991:"Learning Beyond the Classroom" 2982: 2957: 2905: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2831: 2814: 2788:"School Effectiveness Research" 2780: 2766: 2752: 2738: 2724: 2705: 2633: 2592:Tabor, Sharon W (Spring 2007). 2585: 2557: 2535: 2480: 2455: 2436: 2387: 2358: 2333: 2308: 2265: 2240: 2215: 2199: 2136: 2083: 2058: 1986: 1901: 1844: 1401:Professionsbachelor som pædagog 1043:Substitute local texts or art ( 267:Pedagogy is closely related to 260:in the learner to foster their 207:. Other aims include fostering 6146:Federated States of Micronesia 5441:British Indian Ocean Territory 3654:Toward a Theory of Instruction 3188:Pædagog – UddannelsesGuiden.dk 2640:Vaughan, Dr Norman D. (2010). 2143:Chesters, Sarah Davey (2012). 1815: 1683: 1592: 1583: 1383:or non-curriculum skills, and 688: 13: 1: 3771: 3514:University of Texas at Austin 1577: 1456:Multiple Intelligences Theory 1439:American author and educator 1399:in Social Education (Danish: 1333:In Scandinavia, a pedagogue ( 774: 650: 629: 567:(470 – 399 BCE) employed the 178: 6114:United States Virgin Islands 3784: 3186:Educational Guide – Denmark 3081:10.1080/17449642.2014.998027 2712:David H. Hargreaves (1996), 2529:10.1016/j.bushor.2016.03.008 1000:Teaching resource adaptation 842: 803:The Child and the Curriculum 608: 336: 324: 7: 5876:Education in North America 3684:The philosophy of education 3584:It has been suggested that 3264:Kathmandupost.ekantipur.com 3214:. Labor Union of Pedagogues 2223:"Herbartianism | education" 2195:. D.C. Heath & Company. 2090:Crappell, Courtney (2019). 2077:Online Etymology Dictionary 2005:Online Etymology Dictionary 1908:Marshall, James D. (2006). 1865:10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 1495: 1278:Pedagogues around the world 989:Massive open online courses 987:or 100% distance learning. 945:Learning theory (education) 553: 191:. In this sense, it is the 10: 6663: 6321:Education in South America 4421: 3647:The Relevance of Education 3564: 3535: 2989:Bentley, Tom (July 2000). 2748:. Government of Australia. 2189:Compayré, Gabriel (1892). 1665:Harvard Educational Review 1475: 1445:Differentiated Instruction 1410: 1320: 1285: 1233:, disciplinary practices, 1221:Critical pedagogy applies 1214: 1184: 1146: 1119: 964: 942: 916: 901: 869: 860:Pedagogical considerations 846: 837: 778: 755: 746:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 741:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi 738: 721: 692: 671: 654: 641:Marcus Fabius Quintilianus 633: 612: 587: 557: 532: 483: 330: 318: 308: 296: 284: 31: 6442: 6399: 6326: 6237: 6214: 6133: 6089:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6007: 5881: 5854: 5806: 5768: 5510: 5469: 5428: 5388: 5130: 5044: 5019: 4738: 4725: 4714: 4690: 4644: 4610: 4569: 4551: 4512: 4494: 4460: 4436:Early childhood education 4429: 4416: 4366: 4196: 4143: 3965: 3818: 3790: 3779: 3664:Pedagogy of the Oppressed 3626:Resources in your library 3482:McGraw-Hill International 3008:10.1177/0263211x000283008 2800:10.1080/09243450500114884 2760:"Evidence-based teaching" 2452:. Retrieved 5 April 2016 2286:10.1007/s11217-012-9287-6 1366:human resource management 1307: 1181:Student-centered learning 1157:that takes place through 1101:Sensitivity to students' 1098:and linguistic diversity; 1094:Sensitivity to cultural, 667: 306:), itself a synthesis of 146:psychological development 6292:Northern Mariana Islands 6109:Turks and Caicos Islands 5190:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 4786:Central African Republic 3681:Karl Rosenkranz (1899). 3640:The Process of Education 3601:Proposed since May 2024. 3193:27 February 2014 at the 2943:. New York: Peter Lang. 2941:Critical Pedagogy Primer 2844:. Praeger. p. 552. 1600:"Definition of PEDAGOGY" 1187:Student-centred learning 1128:Evidence-based education 1122:Evidence-based education 822:Experience and Education 764:Johann Friedrich Herbart 583: 32:Not to be confused with 6257:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5451:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3714:Montessori, M. (1934). 3707:Montessori, M. (1934). 3700:Montessori, M. (1921). 3695:Antropologia Pedagogica 3506:"IAR: Glossary. (n.d.)" 3136:"Learning from Denmark" 2939:Kincheloe, Joe (2008). 2898:28 October 2020 at the 2487:Ormrod, Jeanne (2012). 2252:Encyclopædia Britannica 2227:Encyclopædia Britannica 2192:The History of Pedagogy 1550:Philosophy of education 1529: – Teaching method 808:Democracy and Education 700:Jean Charlier de Gerson 279:is a derivative of the 6642:Educational psychology 6039:British Virgin Islands 5553:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3675:Pedagogics as a System 3652:Bruner, J. S. (1966). 3649:. New York, NY: Norton 3645:Bruner, J. S. (1971). 2462:Illeris, Knud (2004). 2448:16 August 2018 at the 2145:The Socratic Classroom 1853:"What is "Education"?" 1851:Chazan, Barry (2022). 1689:Petrie et al. (2009). 1330: 1301: 1110:Pedagogical approaches 949:Learning theories are 798:The School and Society 683:positive reinforcement 62: 6240:and other territories 5979:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4946:São Tomé and Príncipe 4806:Republic of the Congo 3687:. D. Appleton and Co. 3666:. New York: Continuum 3164:[Pedagogue]. 3038:Griffith, M. (2010). 2762:. Cornell University. 2443:Eglossary, definition 2070:28 April 2017 at the 2023:Collinsdictionary.com 1732:10.4135/9781446219454 1696:15 March 2022 at the 1656:Shulman, Lee (1987). 1328: 1297: 1153:Dialogic learning is 1012:Classroom constraints 1006:learning environments 951:conceptual frameworks 46: 6128:Education in Oceania 5504:Education in Europe 5365:United Arab Emirates 4732:Education in Africa 3955:Instructional design 3736:Thought and Language 3594:into this article. ( 3069:Ethics and Education 2412:10.1109/MIS.2010.112 1562:Outline of education 1484:Educational research 1478:Educational research 1471:Educational research 1264:Doctor of Philosophy 1242:or ignoring others. 1163:egalitarian dialogue 1035:Cultural familiarity 925:learning environment 813:Schools of To-morrow 768:personal development 548:Age of Enlightenment 469:educational theorist 162:vocational education 154:theories of learning 38:Educational research 5994:Trinidad and Tobago 5889:Antigua and Barbuda 5769:States with limited 5392:limited recognition 5021:States with limited 4720:Education by region 4446:Secondary education 4358:Teaching philosophy 4261:Pedagogical pattern 4204:21st century skills 4183:Religious education 3826:Aims and objectives 3520:on 13 December 2012 3474:Yates, Lyn (2004). 2572:on 24 December 2016 1637:on 15 February 2017 1441:Carol Ann Tomlinson 1260:Doctor of Education 1132:scientific evidence 834:and student alike. 645:Institutio Oratoria 458:has had a negative 454:. The related word 6455:Schools portal 5929:Dominican Republic 5124:Education in Asia 4451:Tertiary education 4389:Learning resources 3880:Education sciences 2794:. September 2005. 2642:"Blended Learning" 2341:"Teaching Methods" 1998:1 May 2019 at the 1914:Journal of Thought 1802:www.britannica.com 1515:Education sciences 1331: 1173:claims and not on 967:Distance education 885:to enable student 827:My Pedagogic Creed 792:My Pedagogic Creed 729:John Amos Comenius 724:John Amos Comenius 718:John Amos Comenius 578:Socratic Dialogues 505:. You can help by 316:), "I lead", and 249:nature of learning 63: 34:Education sciences 6484: 6483: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6406:other territories 6315: 6314: 6307:Wallis and Futuna 6215:Associated states 6122: 6121: 6011:other territories 5870: 5869: 5497: 5496: 5434:other territories 5117: 5116: 5048:other territories 4821:Equatorial Guinea 4710: 4709: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4441:Primary education 4412: 4411: 4301:Dialogic learning 4271:Teacher retention 4224:Critical thinking 4219:Class arrangement 4188:Special education 3863:Standardized test 3846:Course evaluation 3612:Library resources 3608: 3607: 3603: 3491:978-0-335-21199-9 3460:978-0-203-97822-1 3429:978-0-470-58869-7 3364:Learning Theories 3166:UddannelsesGuiden 3121:978-9-090106-59-5 2698:978-92-3-100340-0 2655:978-0-415-99598-6 2604:(1). IAP: 48–49. 2517:Business Horizons 2394:Cook, DJ (2010). 2326:978-1-351-03836-2 2154:978-94-6091-855-1 2129:978-92-871-7244-0 2101:978-0-19-067052-8 1979:978-0-8204-7858-6 1874:978-3-030-83925-3 1837:978-1-4462-9062-0 1777:978-1-135-71682-0 1533:Learning sciences 1217:Critical pedagogy 1211:Critical pedagogy 1205:lifelong learning 1149:Dialogic learning 1143:Dialogic learning 961:Distance learning 939:Learning theories 904:Hidden curriculum 898:Hidden curriculum 735:Johann Pestalozzi 530: 529: 201:aims of education 158:liberal education 16:(Redirected from 6654: 6617: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6600: 6599:from Wikiversity 6592: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6549: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6532: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6495: 6474: 6473: 6464: 6463: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6426: 6414:Falkland Islands 6328:Sovereign states 6317: 6316: 6297:Pitcairn Islands 6267:French Polynesia 6252:Christmas Island 6181:Papua New Guinea 6161:Marshall Islands 6134:Sovereign states 6124: 6123: 6079:Saint Barthélemy 6009:Dependencies and 5882:Sovereign states 5872: 5871: 5807:Dependencies and 5511:Sovereign states 5499: 5498: 5487: 5477: 5476: 5446:Christmas Island 5132:Sovereign states 5119: 5118: 5109: 5108:(United Kingdom) 5104:Tristan da Cunha 5100:Ascension Island 5092: 5079: 5070: 5046:Dependencies and 4739:Sovereign states 4727: 4726: 4716: 4715: 4699: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4617:Higher education 4613: 4612: 4608: 4607: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4558:Secondary school 4554: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4432: 4431: 4418: 4417: 4346:Student-centered 4331:Phenomenon-based 4321:Peer instruction 4286:Blended learning 4209:Bloom's taxonomy 4173:Gifted education 4168:Education reform 4000:Computer science 3781: 3780: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3709:Psico Aritmética 3599: 3579: 3578: 3571: 3545: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3417: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3335:"Howard Gardner" 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3260:"A new pedagogy" 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3010: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2909: 2903: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2734:. 5 August 2019. 2728: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2682: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2589: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2568:. Archived from 2561: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2459: 2453: 2440: 2434: 2433: 2423: 2400:IEEE Intell Syst 2391: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2186: 2159: 2158: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2087: 2081: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2015: 2009: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1963: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1793: 1782: 1781: 1761: 1746: 1745: 1717: 1700: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1662: 1653: 1647: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1636: 1629: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1572: 1521:Bloom's taxonomy 1489:teaching methods 1431:An article from 1389:social inclusion 1354:retirement homes 1246:Academic degrees 785:The pedagogy of 525: 522: 516: 496: 488: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 415: 414: 411: 410: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 339: 333: 332: 327: 321: 320: 311: 310: 301: 300: 289: 288: 213:character traits 189:teaching methods 135: 134: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 116: 115: 112: 109: 106: 101: 100: 97: 94: 91: 88: 85: 82: 79: 76: 21: 6662: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6651: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6610: 6605: 6603: 6593: 6588: 6586: 6576: 6571: 6569: 6565:from Wikisource 6559: 6554: 6552: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6525: 6520: 6518: 6514:from Wiktionary 6508: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6494:sister projects 6491:at Knowledge's 6485: 6480: 6449: 6447: 6430: 6424: 6407: 6405: 6395: 6322: 6311: 6239: 6233: 6216: 6210: 6191:Solomon Islands 6129: 6118: 6012: 6010: 6003: 5877: 5866: 5850: 5808: 5802: 5788:Northern Cyprus 5770: 5764: 5685:North Macedonia 5506: 5493: 5465: 5433: 5424: 5405:Northern Cyprus 5391: 5384: 5126: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5090: 5077: 5068: 5049: 5047: 5040: 5024: 5022: 5015: 4734: 4721: 4706: 4705: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4660: 4653: 4631: 4619: 4600: 4591: 4583: 4578: 4560: 4541: 4532: 4524: 4519: 4503: 4484: 4476: 4469: 4425: 4408: 4362: 4281:Active learning 4276:Teaching method 4251:Learning theory 4192: 4158:Autodidacticism 4153:Adult education 4139: 4080:Performing arts 3961: 3868:Teacher quality 3858:Standards-based 3814: 3786: 3775: 3770: 3716:Psico Geométria 3670:Karl Rosenkranz 3632: 3631: 3630: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3604: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3563: 3561:Further reading 3538: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3472: 3468: 3461: 3441: 3437: 3430: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3293: 3291: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3241: 3240:. 19 April 2013 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3195:Wayback Machine 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3142:. 22 March 2006 3140:Taipeitimes.com 3134: 3133: 3129: 3122: 3108: 3104: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3036: 3032: 2987: 2983: 2973: 2971: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2937: 2933: 2926: 2910: 2906: 2900:Wayback Machine 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2852: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2685:UNESCO (2019). 2683: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2612: 2590: 2586: 2575: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2460: 2456: 2450:Wayback Machine 2441: 2437: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2345:www.buffalo.edu 2339: 2338: 2334: 2327: 2313: 2309: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2231: 2229: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2204: 2200: 2187: 2162: 2155: 2141: 2137: 2130: 2116: 2109: 2102: 2088: 2084: 2072:Wayback Machine 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2017: 2016: 2012: 2000:Wayback Machine 1991: 1987: 1980: 1964: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1906: 1902: 1892: 1890: 1875: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1796:Peel, Edwin A. 1794: 1785: 1778: 1762: 1749: 1742: 1718: 1703: 1698:Wayback Machine 1688: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1660: 1654: 1650: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1604:Merriam-Webster 1598: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1527:Didactic method 1509:Adult education 1498: 1493: 1492: 1481: 1473: 1429: 1427:Modern pedagogy 1413: 1323: 1310: 1288: 1280: 1268:Doctor of Music 1252:academic degree 1248: 1235:student testing 1223:critical theory 1219: 1213: 1189: 1183: 1151: 1145: 1140: 1139: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1056:Local relevance 1002: 969: 963: 947: 941: 933:learning styles 921: 915: 906: 900: 895: 894: 879:teaching method 875: 872:Teaching method 867: 865:Teaching method 862: 851: 845: 840: 783: 777: 760: 754: 743: 737: 726: 720: 697: 691: 676: 670: 659: 653: 638: 632: 617: 611: 592: 586: 569:Socratic method 562: 556: 535: 526: 520: 517: 510: 503:needs expansion 497: 486: 421: 417: 383: 379: 345: 341: 228:tacit knowledge 181: 173:Socratic method 118: 103: 73: 69: 59:Adelard of Bath 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6660: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6619: 6618: 6601: 6584: 6582:from Wikibooks 6567: 6550: 6548:from Wikiquote 6533: 6516: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6468: 6458: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6287:Norfolk Island 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6247:American Samoa 6243: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6220: 6218: 6217:of New Zealand 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6099:Sint Eustatius 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6044:Cayman Islands 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5862:European Union 5858: 5856: 5855:Other entities 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5810: 5809:other entities 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5760:United Kingdom 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5573:Czech Republic 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5136: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5093: 5080: 5071: 5057:Canary Islands 5053: 5052: 5050: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4723: 4722: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4655: 4645: 4638: 4637: 4626: 4621: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4570: 4563: 4562: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4513: 4506: 4505: 4501:Primary school 4495: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4471: 4461: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4214:Cognitive load 4211: 4206: 4200: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3885:Evidence-based 3882: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3819:By perspective 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691:Montessori, M. 3688: 3679: 3667: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3629: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3583: 3581: 3574: 3565:Main article: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3497: 3490: 3466: 3459: 3435: 3428: 3402: 3377: 3366:. 17 July 2014 3351: 3326: 3301: 3289:Scholastic.com 3276: 3251: 3225: 3199: 3179: 3153: 3127: 3120: 3102: 3055: 3049:978-0761512769 3048: 3030: 3001:(3): 353–364. 2981: 2956: 2949: 2931: 2925:978-0781757720 2924: 2904: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2851:978-0313331237 2850: 2830: 2813: 2779: 2765: 2751: 2737: 2723: 2704: 2697: 2668: 2654: 2632: 2610: 2584: 2556: 2534: 2504: 2497: 2489:Human learning 2479: 2472: 2454: 2435: 2386: 2376: 2366: 2357: 2332: 2325: 2307: 2280:(3): 265–273. 2264: 2239: 2214: 2210:. FC Brownell. 2198: 2160: 2153: 2135: 2128: 2107: 2100: 2082: 2057: 2035: 2010: 1985: 1978: 1972:. Peter Lang. 1951: 1900: 1873: 1843: 1836: 1814: 1783: 1776: 1747: 1740: 1701: 1682: 1648: 1616: 1591: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1482: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1452:Howard Gardner 1433:Kathmandu Post 1428: 1425: 1412: 1409: 1385:cultural norms 1322: 1319: 1309: 1306: 1287: 1284: 1279: 1276: 1272:piano pedagogy 1262:, or a Ph.D., 1247: 1244: 1215:Main article: 1212: 1209: 1185:Main article: 1182: 1179: 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1126: 1118: 1116: 1115:Evidence-based 1113: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1062: 1053: 1052: 1041: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1001: 998: 993:World Wide Web 965:Main article: 962: 959: 943:Main article: 940: 937: 919:Learning space 917:Main article: 914: 913:Learning space 911: 902:Main article: 899: 896: 876: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 847:Main article: 844: 841: 839: 836: 779:Main article: 776: 773: 756:Main article: 753: 752:Johann Herbart 750: 739:Main article: 736: 733: 722:Main article: 719: 716: 693:Main article: 690: 687: 672:Main article: 669: 666: 655:Main article: 652: 649: 634:Main article: 631: 628: 613:Main article: 610: 607: 588:Main article: 585: 582: 558:Main article: 555: 552: 534: 531: 528: 527: 500: 498: 491: 485: 482: 180: 177: 169:learning goals 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6659: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6616:from Wikidata 6615: 6614: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6568: 6564: 6563: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6534: 6530: 6529: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6500: 6499: 6496: 6490: 6477: 6469: 6467: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6427: 6422: 6420: 6419:French Guiana 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6403: 6398: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6325: 6318: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6282:New Caledonia 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6262:Easter Island 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6125: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6006: 6000: 5999:United States 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Faroe Islands 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5793:South Ossetia 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Liechtenstein 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5500: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5415:South Ossetia 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4861:Guinea-Bissau 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4713: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4651:Undergraduate 4649: 4648: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4606: 4587: 4581: 4577: 4576:Middle school 4574: 4573: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4528: 4522: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4490: 4480: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4341:Project-based 4339: 4337: 4336:Problem-based 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4296:Demonstration 4294: 4292: 4291:Contemplative 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4178:Homeschooling 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4025:Environmental 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3950:Instructional 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Psychometrics 3851: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3636:Bruner, J. S. 3634: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3582: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3501: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3470: 3462: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3431: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3415: 3406: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2952: 2950:9781433101823 2946: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2908: 2901: 2897: 2894: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2861: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2823: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2775: 2769: 2761: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2733: 2727: 2717: 2716: 2708: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2611:9787774570793 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2582:. April 2013. 2571: 2567: 2560: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2523:(4): 441–50. 2522: 2518: 2511: 2509: 2500: 2498:9780132595186 2494: 2490: 2483: 2475: 2473:9781575242583 2469: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2380: 2370: 2361: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2322: 2319:. Routledge. 2318: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2228: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2202: 2194: 2193: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2131: 2125: 2121: 2114: 2112: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2045: 2039: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1981: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1904: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1779: 1773: 1770:. Routledge. 1769: 1768: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1743: 1741:9781853964534 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1686: 1670: 1666: 1659: 1652: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1586: 1582: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1468: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1434: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1370:socialpædagog 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346:kindergartens 1343: 1340: 1336: 1327: 1318: 1316: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1283: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1188: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1104: 1103:socioeconomic 1100: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1007: 997: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 968: 958: 956: 952: 946: 936: 934: 930: 926: 920: 910: 905: 892: 888: 884: 880: 873: 857: 855: 850: 835: 832: 828: 824: 823: 818: 814: 810: 809: 804: 800: 799: 794: 793: 788: 782: 772: 769: 765: 759: 758:Herbartianism 749: 747: 742: 732: 730: 725: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 686: 684: 680: 675: 665: 663: 658: 648: 646: 642: 637: 627: 625: 621: 616: 606: 603: 601: 596: 591: 581: 579: 574: 570: 566: 561: 551: 549: 545: 541: 524: 514: 508: 504: 501:This section 499: 495: 490: 489: 481: 479: 475: 471: 470: 465: 461: 457: 451: 413: 375: 338: 326: 315: 305: 299: 293: 287: 282: 278: 273: 270: 265: 263: 262:understanding 259: 254: 250: 244: 242: 238: 234: 229: 225: 221: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 176: 174: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 150: 147: 143: 139: 133: 67: 60: 56: 55: 50: 45: 39: 35: 30: 19: 6611: 6594: 6577: 6560: 6543: 6531:from Commons 6526: 6509: 6488: 6446: 6402:Dependencies 6238:Dependencies 6224:Cook Islands 6104:Sint Maarten 6084:Saint Martin 5798:Transnistria 5430:Dependencies 5360:Turkmenistan 5325:Saudi Arabia 5096:Saint Helena 5067: 4971:South Africa 4961:Sierra Leone 4766:Burkina Faso 4658:Postgraduate 4474:Kindergarten 4326:Personalized 4306:Experiential 4266:Teacher look 3975:Agricultural 3904: 3831:Anthropology 3735: 3732:Vygotsky, L. 3725: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3694: 3683: 3674: 3663: 3653: 3646: 3639: 3616: 3600: 3585: 3552: 3548:free content 3522:. Retrieved 3518:the original 3509: 3500: 3476: 3469: 3445: 3438: 3413: 3405: 3393:. Retrieved 3389: 3380: 3368:. Retrieved 3363: 3354: 3342:. Retrieved 3338: 3329: 3317:. Retrieved 3313: 3304: 3292:. Retrieved 3288: 3279: 3267:. Retrieved 3263: 3254: 3242:. Retrieved 3237: 3228: 3216:. Retrieved 3211: 3208:"Front Page" 3202: 3182: 3170:. Retrieved 3165: 3156: 3144:. Retrieved 3139: 3130: 3111: 3105: 3075:(1): 84–95. 3072: 3068: 3058: 3039: 3033: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2972:. Retrieved 2968: 2959: 2940: 2934: 2914: 2907: 2887: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2840: 2833: 2816: 2791: 2782: 2768: 2754: 2740: 2726: 2714: 2707: 2687: 2659:. Retrieved 2645: 2635: 2623:. Retrieved 2601: 2597: 2587: 2574:. Retrieved 2570:the original 2559: 2550: 2537: 2520: 2516: 2488: 2482: 2463: 2457: 2438: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2379: 2369: 2360: 2348:. Retrieved 2344: 2335: 2316: 2310: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2255:. Retrieved 2251: 2242: 2230:. Retrieved 2226: 2217: 2207: 2201: 2191: 2144: 2138: 2119: 2091: 2085: 2075: 2060: 2048:. Retrieved 2038: 2026:. Retrieved 2022: 2013: 2003: 1988: 1968: 1942:. Retrieved 1920:(3): 33–37. 1917: 1913: 1903: 1891:. Retrieved 1856: 1846: 1827: 1817: 1805:. Retrieved 1801: 1766: 1722: 1685: 1673:. Retrieved 1668: 1664: 1651: 1639:. Retrieved 1632:the original 1619: 1607:. Retrieved 1603: 1594: 1585: 1556:Antipedagogy 1463: 1459: 1450: 1438: 1430: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1405: 1400: 1393: 1374: 1369: 1334: 1332: 1311: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1249: 1220: 1190: 1152: 1081:Appropriate 1075: 1074: 1055: 1054: 1034: 1033: 1011: 1010: 1003: 970: 948: 922: 907: 852: 830: 826: 820: 817:Evelyn Dewey 815:(1915) with 812: 806: 802: 796: 790: 784: 761: 744: 727: 707: 698: 679:Saint Jerome 677: 660: 644: 639: 624:On Education 623: 618: 600:The Republic 598: 593: 577: 563: 536: 521:October 2018 518: 507:adding to it 502: 467: 455: 313: 303: 291: 276: 274: 266: 245: 217: 182: 166: 151: 65: 64: 52: 29: 6511:Definitions 6476:WikiProject 6171:New Zealand 6074:Puerto Rico 5984:Saint Lucia 5934:El Salvador 5836:Isle of Man 5771:recognition 5745:Switzerland 5680:Netherlands 5489:Asia portal 5390:States with 5310:Philippines 5250:South Korea 5245:North Korea 5140:Afghanistan 5023:recognition 4976:South Sudan 4866:Ivory Coast 4582:High school 4379:Definitions 4256:Lesson plan 4145:Alternative 4050:Mathematics 4020:Engineering 3524:17 November 3172:1 September 2065:"pedagogue" 1227:politically 1069:rule of law 706:, wrote in 695:Jean Gerson 689:Jean Gerson 544:Reformation 540:Renaissance 460:connotation 328:, genitive 258:experiences 193:methodology 6626:Categories 6545:Quotations 6069:Montserrat 6064:Martinique 6059:Guadeloupe 5914:Costa Rica 5715:San Marino 5675:Montenegro 5655:Luxembourg 5635:Kazakhstan 5538:Azerbaijan 5370:Uzbekistan 5345:Tajikistan 5260:Kyrgyzstan 5240:Kazakhstan 5160:Bangladesh 5150:Azerbaijan 5078:(Portugal) 5036:Somaliland 4956:Seychelles 4921:Mozambique 4906:Mauritania 4891:Madagascar 4846:The Gambia 4781:Cape Verde 4634:Continuing 4624:Vocational 4229:Curriculum 4163:Democratic 4135:Vocational 4125:Technology 4085:Philosophy 3967:By subject 3945:Technology 3925:Psychology 3910:Philosophy 3900:Leadership 3841:Evaluation 3836:Assessment 3722:Piaget, J. 3660:Freire, P. 3390:Tecweb.org 2691:. UNESCO. 2661:23 January 2625:23 January 2576:4 November 2257:2 November 2232:2 November 2050:29 October 1993:"pedagogy" 1798:"pedagogy" 1578:References 1362:orphanages 1339:pre-school 1317:teachers. 1270:degree in 1231:curriculum 787:John Dewey 781:John Dewey 775:John Dewey 657:Tertullian 651:Tertullian 636:Quintilian 630:Quintilian 546:, and the 304:paidagōgos 298:παιδαγωγός 292:paidagōgia 286:παιδαγωγία 241:aesthetics 179:Definition 18:Pedagogics 6637:Didactics 6596:Resources 6579:Textbooks 6391:Venezuela 6336:Argentina 6141:Australia 6054:Greenland 5969:Nicaragua 5944:Guatemala 5826:Gibraltar 5650:Lithuania 5456:Hong Kong 5410:Palestine 5335:Sri Lanka 5330:Singapore 5210:Indonesia 4911:Mauritius 4467:Preschool 4367:Wikimedia 4105:Religious 4030:Euthenics 4015:Economics 3995:Chemistry 3985:Bilingual 3940:Sociology 3895:Inclusion 3875:Economics 3773:Education 3451:Routledge 3162:"Pædagog" 3097:144421815 3089:1744-9642 3025:145205546 3017:0263-211X 2974:5 January 2808:144796318 2620:1528-3518 2406:(99): 1. 2302:144605837 2294:0039-3746 1926:0022-5231 1883:239896844 1824:"Preface" 1807:15 August 1671:(2): 4–14 1609:9 January 1503:Education 1417:pedagógus 1350:nurseries 1344:(such as 1342:education 1254:Ped. D., 1169:based on 1167:arguments 1136:tradition 1028:classroom 929:classroom 854:Confucius 849:Confucius 843:Confucius 620:Aristotle 615:Aristotle 609:Aristotle 602:(375 BCE) 513:talk page 456:pedagogue 275:The word 269:didactics 205:knowledge 197:education 6647:Teaching 6632:Pedagogy 6489:Pedagogy 6466:Category 6381:Suriname 6371:Paraguay 6356:Colombia 6156:Kiribati 6019:Anguilla 5954:Honduras 5924:Dominica 5899:Barbados 5846:Svalbard 5831:Guernsey 5778:Abkhazia 5730:Slovenia 5725:Slovakia 5700:Portugal 5558:Bulgaria 5479:Category 5400:Abkhazia 5350:Thailand 5305:Pakistan 5285:Mongolia 5280:Maldives 5275:Malaysia 5175:Cambodia 5102: / 5098: / 5091:(France) 5085: / 5063: / 5059: / 5011:Zimbabwe 4986:Tanzania 4836:Ethiopia 4831:Eswatini 4811:Djibouti 4776:Cameroon 4761:Botswana 4351:Socratic 4311:Feedback 4197:Concepts 4090:Physical 4060:Military 4040:Language 3990:Business 3930:Research 3920:Politics 3905:Pedagogy 3800:Glossary 3785:Overview 3734:(1962). 3724:(1926). 3693:(1910). 3672:(1848). 3662:(1970). 3638:(1960). 3617:Pedagogy 3314:Ascd.org 3191:Archived 3146:16 April 2896:Archived 2553:: 67–73. 2446:Archived 2430:21461133 2384:100–121. 2374:122–139. 2350:13 March 2068:Archived 2028:16 April 1996:Archived 1938:Archived 1934:42589880 1887:Archived 1830:. SAGE. 1694:Archived 1539:Geragogy 1496:See also 1443:defined 1397:Bachelor 1239:textbook 1193:teaching 1177:claims. 1171:validity 1159:dialogue 1155:learning 1049:proverbs 1045:folklore 955:learning 891:teaching 887:learning 883:teachers 811:(1916), 805:(1902), 801:(1900), 795:(1897), 565:Socrates 560:Socrates 554:Socrates 464:pedantry 294:), from 277:pedagogy 142:learning 138:teaching 66:Pedagogy 54:Elementa 6386:Uruguay 6361:Ecuador 6341:Bolivia 6302:Tokelau 6206:Vanuatu 6049:Curaçao 6034:Bonaire 6029:Bermuda 5959:Jamaica 5939:Grenada 5894:Bahamas 5755:Ukraine 5705:Romania 5665:Moldova 5623:Ireland 5618:Iceland 5613:Hungary 5603:Germany 5598:Georgia 5588:Finland 5583:Estonia 5578:Denmark 5563:Croatia 5548:Belgium 5543:Belarus 5533:Austria 5528:Armenia 5523:Andorra 5518:Albania 5375:Vietnam 5290:Myanmar 5270:Lebanon 5200:Georgia 5155:Bahrain 5145:Armenia 5087:Réunion 5083:Mayotte 5074:Madeira 5069:(Spain) 5065:Melilla 4996:Tunisia 4966:Somalia 4951:Senegal 4936:Nigeria 4926:Namibia 4916:Morocco 4881:Liberia 4876:Lesotho 4826:Eritrea 4796:Comoros 4771:Burundi 4746:Algeria 4654:→ 4629:Further 4584:→ 4579:→ 4561:→ 4525:→ 4520:→ 4504:→ 4477:→ 4470:→ 4316:Passive 4239:Studies 4120:Teacher 4110:Science 4100:Reading 4095:Physics 4070:Nursing 4055:Medical 3890:History 3810:Outline 3792:General 3596:Discuss 3536:Sources 3238:Eduline 2421:3068197 1675:12 June 1641:12 June 1411:Hungary 1377:teacher 1358:prisons 1335:pædagog 1321:Denmark 1315:special 1286:Belgium 1201:student 1199:to the 1197:teacher 1105:status. 1083:reading 985:blended 838:Eastern 712:Fenelon 533:Western 484:History 185:science 6366:Guyana 6346:Brazil 6277:Hawaii 6201:Tuvalu 5974:Panama 5964:Mexico 5909:Canada 5904:Belize 5841:Jersey 5783:Kosovo 5750:Turkey 5740:Sweden 5720:Serbia 5710:Russia 5695:Poland 5690:Norway 5670:Monaco 5640:Latvia 5608:Greece 5593:France 5568:Cyprus 5420:Taiwan 5355:Turkey 5320:Russia 5255:Kuwait 5235:Jordan 5225:Israel 5185:Cyprus 5170:Brunei 5165:Bhutan 5106: 5089: 5076: 5006:Zambia 5001:Uganda 4941:Rwanda 4896:Malawi 4856:Guinea 4751:Angola 4701:Portal 4661: 4620: 4523:Junior 4518:Infant 4423:Stages 4399:Quotes 4384:Images 4244:Theory 4234:Hidden 4130:Values 4035:Health 4010:Design 3935:Rights 3915:Policy 3614:about 3592:merged 3488: 3457: 3426: 3395:8 June 3370:8 June 3344:8 June 3319:8 June 3294:8 June 3269:8 June 3244:27 May 3218:27 May 3118: 3095: 3087: 3046: 3023: 3015: 2947: 2922: 2848: 2806: 2695: 2652: 2618: 2608: 2495: 2470: 2428: 2418: 2323: 2300: 2292: 2151: 2126: 2098: 1976: 1944:13 May 1932: 1924: 1893:13 May 1881: 1871: 1834: 1774: 1738: 1465:styles 1381:social 1364:, and 1308:Brazil 1256:Doctor 1096:ethnic 981:hybrid 973:school 819:, and 674:Jerome 668:Jerome 542:, the 478:German 474:French 337:paidos 331:παιδός 253:school 237:ethics 233:health 209:skills 49:Euclid 6562:Texts 6528:Media 6351:Chile 6196:Tonga 6186:Samoa 6176:Palau 6166:Nauru 6024:Aruba 5949:Haiti 5816:Åland 5735:Spain 5660:Malta 5630:Italy 5461:Macau 5380:Yemen 5340:Syria 5315:Qatar 5295:Nepal 5230:Japan 5205:India 5195:Egypt 5180:China 5061:Ceuta 4981:Sudan 4931:Niger 4886:Libya 4871:Kenya 4851:Ghana 4841:Gabon 4816:Egypt 4756:Benin 4404:Texts 4374:Books 4075:Peace 4065:Music 4045:Legal 4005:Death 3805:Index 3420:Wiley 3093:S2CID 3021:S2CID 2825:(PDF) 2804:S2CID 2719:(PDF) 2547:(PDF) 2298:S2CID 1930:JSTOR 1879:S2CID 1661:(PDF) 1635:(PDF) 1628:(PDF) 1421:tanár 1175:power 595:Plato 590:Plato 584:Plato 573:logic 416:, or 281:Greek 224:craft 222:or a 6613:Data 6376:Peru 6272:Guam 6229:Niue 6151:Fiji 6094:Saba 5919:Cuba 5300:Oman 5265:Laos 5220:Iraq 5215:Iran 4991:Togo 4901:Mali 4791:Chad 4394:News 3526:2010 3486:ISBN 3455:ISBN 3424:ISBN 3397:2018 3372:2018 3346:2018 3321:2018 3296:2018 3271:2018 3246:2013 3220:2013 3174:2019 3148:2021 3116:ISBN 3085:ISSN 3044:ISBN 3013:ISSN 2976:2023 2945:ISBN 2920:ISBN 2846:ISBN 2693:ISBN 2663:2011 2650:ISBN 2627:2011 2616:ISSN 2606:ISBN 2578:2015 2493:ISBN 2468:ISBN 2426:PMID 2404:2010 2352:2024 2321:ISBN 2290:ISSN 2259:2015 2234:2015 2149:ISBN 2124:ISBN 2096:ISBN 2052:2012 2030:2021 1974:ISBN 1946:2022 1922:ISSN 1895:2022 1869:ISBN 1832:ISBN 1809:2022 1772:ISBN 1736:ISBN 1677:2017 1643:2017 1611:2019 1348:and 1250:The 977:post 576:the 476:and 325:país 319:παῖς 239:and 211:and 6404:and 5432:and 4115:Sex 3980:Art 3590:be 3077:doi 3003:doi 2796:doi 2525:doi 2416:PMC 2408:doi 2282:doi 1861:doi 1728:doi 1403:). 1372:). 1274:). 462:of 314:ágō 309:ἄγω 220:art 195:of 187:of 51:'s 36:or 6628:: 3512:. 3508:. 3484:. 3453:. 3449:. 3422:. 3418:. 3388:. 3362:. 3337:. 3312:. 3287:. 3262:. 3236:. 3210:. 3138:. 3091:. 3083:. 3073:10 3071:. 3067:. 3019:. 3011:. 2999:28 2997:. 2993:. 2967:. 2802:. 2790:. 2671:^ 2614:. 2600:. 2596:. 2549:. 2521:59 2519:. 2507:^ 2424:. 2414:. 2402:. 2398:. 2343:. 2296:. 2288:. 2278:31 2276:. 2250:. 2225:. 2163:^ 2110:^ 2074:. 2021:. 2002:. 1954:^ 1936:. 1928:. 1918:41 1916:. 1912:. 1885:. 1877:. 1867:. 1855:. 1826:. 1800:. 1786:^ 1750:^ 1734:. 1726:. 1704:^ 1669:15 1667:. 1663:. 1602:. 1467:." 1360:, 1356:, 1237:, 1051:). 983:, 877:A 714:. 580:. 550:. 480:. 406:dʒ 403:oʊ 378:, 368:dʒ 334:, 175:. 117:,- 111:dʒ 108:oʊ 102:,- 96:dʒ 6497:: 4636:) 4632:( 3765:e 3758:t 3751:v 3718:. 3711:. 3704:. 3697:. 3598:) 3528:. 3494:. 3463:. 3432:. 3399:. 3374:. 3348:. 3323:. 3298:. 3273:. 3248:. 3222:. 3197:. 3176:. 3150:. 3124:. 3099:. 3079:: 3052:. 3027:. 3005:: 2978:. 2953:. 2928:. 2854:. 2827:. 2810:. 2798:: 2776:. 2701:. 2665:. 2629:. 2602:8 2580:. 2531:. 2527:: 2501:. 2476:. 2432:. 2410:: 2354:. 2329:. 2304:. 2284:: 2261:. 2236:. 2212:. 2157:. 2132:. 2104:. 2080:. 2054:. 2032:. 2008:. 1982:. 1948:. 1897:. 1863:: 1840:. 1811:. 1780:. 1744:. 1730:: 1679:. 1645:. 1613:. 1480:. 1124:. 874:. 523:) 519:( 515:. 509:. 450:/ 447:i 444:ɡ 441:ɒ 438:ɡ 435:ə 432:d 429:ɛ 426:p 423:ˈ 420:/ 412:/ 409:i 400:ɡ 397:ə 394:d 391:ɛ 388:p 385:ˈ 382:/ 374:/ 371:i 365:ɒ 362:ɡ 359:ə 356:d 353:ɛ 350:p 347:ˈ 344:/ 322:( 312:( 302:( 290:( 132:/ 129:i 126:ɡ 123:ɒ 120:ɡ 114:i 105:ɡ 99:i 93:ɒ 90:ɡ 87:ə 84:d 81:ɛ 78:p 75:ˈ 72:/ 68:( 61:) 40:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.