2858:
1438:
Madura sultanate, and then under the Qoṭbšāhī rulers and the
Mughals in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the semi-independent nawwābs of Karnataka, saw extensive use of Persian. Likewise, in easternmost Bengal the epigraphic language was almost exclusively Arabic until the Mughal period, when it was totally replaced by Persian. In Orissa and Assam, which effectively came under Muslim authority in the 17th century, Persian was the language of epigraphs. In westernmost Gujarat, one encounters a curious phenomenon: both prose and verse epigraphs of the Delhi sultanate period (1296-1406), are generally in Persian, but later replaced by Arabic under the Gujarat sultans (1406-1580).The epigraphs of the 16th-17th century ʿĀdelšāhī (924-1097/1518-1686, q.v.) and Qoṭbšāhī (924-1098 /1518-1687) rulers of Bijapur and Golkonda-Hyderabad, respectively, who also had close relations with Persia, furnish better poetry. Surprisingly, in the above-mentioned small chiefdoms, as in parts of Tamil Nadu under the nawwābs of Karnataka, a considerable number of fairly high quality records is found.
758:
2092:
2554:
2042:
2030:
1773:
2281:
318:
2293:
1521:
Epigraphy (ARE) since 1952-53 onwards, under a separate
Appendix with an exhaustive introduction. Among the Indian states, Uttar Pradesh has yielded the largest number of Perso-Arabic epigraphs (i.e. 2175), constituting 21.4% of the aggregate, number-wise followed by Maharashtra (over 14%), Gujarat (over 9%), Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh (about 9%), Rajasthan (about 8%), Kamataka (7%), West Bengal (4%), Bihar, and Jammu & Kashmir (about 4% each), Tamil Nadu (2.55%), Haryana (2%), Delhi (about 2%). About 2,000 Perso-Arabic inscriptions have been published so far in Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica (ElM) and Epigraphia Indica-Arabic and Persian Supplement (EIAPS) from 1907–08 to 1977.
2953:
2018:
2206:
2080:
1232:
2710:
2624:
3071:
2791:
1871:
1855:
2636:
2107:
3106:
2730:
1979:
1898:
2834:
2755:
2846:
2569:
2194:
2771:
2182:
1955:
2648:
2910:
2122:
1138:
2329:
2687:
2814:
2245:
877:
1912:
952:
2146:
2375:
2056:
2664:
909:
2612:
3032:
3346:
1843:
2230:
2068:
2600:
2218:
2514:
2357:
2499:
2170:
969:
2305:
1272:
2341:
2317:
2997:
449:
2134:
2402:
1530:(1837–57) and Nawwab of Awadh Wajid Ali Shah (1848–56). A vast majority of these poets mentioned in epigraphs are unknown from available sources. those of the Sultanate period, covering approximately 12th to 15th centuries (7th -9th cent. H.) are particularly valuable. The places, to quote a few, where this phenomenon occurred are : Cambay in the 12th to 14th centuries, Karad (Maharashtra) in the 16th century, Hyderabad in the 17th century, Lucknow, Allahabad, Kashmir etc. in the subsequent period.
1325:
3091:
3052:
26:
1371:
2973:
2584:
2257:
1797:
2538:
2526:
1761:
1831:
2933:
1812:
766:
1512:(1628–58). With its double dome, its recessed archway, its white marble and its parks, as well as the emphasis on symmetry and detail, this building contains many of the key elements of architecture from the period of Shah Jahan. Verses from the Quran were inscribed on the walls of the buildings; problematically, though the depiction of living beings (which was an essential part of the pre-Islamic artistic tradition of India) is forbidden by the Islamic religion.
1883:
2870:
1991:
1943:
690:
2387:
1785:
2006:
2269:
2451:
2475:
1018:
603:
162:
2463:
1931:
2417:
3018:
2435:
1967:
2487:
4262:
2890:
3896:
774:
1430:
1566:
4011:
266:
262:) dynasties assumed power, they used Persian as the main language for all academic and administrative matters, including inscriptions, coins, official letters and many others. Under the later Mughals, many of the regional principalities became autonomous and continued using Persian as their official language. Later, when Urdu came into wider use, its existence was also recorded in inscriptions.
542:
1478:
1447:
Hyderabad, Akbar’s tomb at
Sikandra, Ibrahim Rauda at Bijapur and Taj Mahal at Agra.With the help of these epigraphs, we can prepare a list of calligraphers, region-wise and period-wise, whose beautiful calligraphy adorns so many buildings in the width and breadth of the country. Scripts employed in the Perso-Arabic epigraphs include Kufi, Naskh, Thulth and Nastaliq.
4304:
4069:
3961:
231:
pre-Mughal Indian
Islamic and Persian inscriptions in India date from the last decade of the 12th century AD, when Muhammad Ghori (Guri) conquered Delhi and established his sultanate there. However, a small number of inscriptions have been found in Haryana, Gujarat and Kerala which bear earlier dates.
1446:
Importance of the epigraphs, Calligraphic inscriptions constitute the most important decorative element in Indian
Islamic Architecture which attained a high level of perfection in Qutb Minar at Delhi, Adina Mosque at Pandua (in Bengal), Atala Mosque at Jaunpur, Jami Mosques at Ahmedabad, Golconda and
1437:
Under the
Mughals (1526-1858), Persian replaced Arabic almost throughout the region. The case is more or less the same in the southeastern and southernmost strip comprising the present Indian state of Tamil Nadu, which during a brief spell of Muslim authority there, in the mid-14th century, under the
1520:
The fourth part describes the
Persian language and its influence over other languages such as Hindi, Urdu and Turkic. During the last four decades over 10,000 inscriptions have been copied from different parts of the India and duly accessioned, deciphered and listed in the Annual Reports on Indian
277:
inscriptions, there are also bilingual and even trilingual inscriptions (for example, in Arabic combined with regional languages such as
Gujarati, Bengali, Tamil and Malayalam, or Persian combined with provincial languages such as Kannada, Telugu, Oriya, Tamil, Gujarati and Marathi). Persian and
230:
In India, Persian inscriptions are usually found on buildings such as mosques and tombs, or on secular edifices including forts, palaces, gateways, water tanks, wells, gardens and bridges. Certain movable objects such as seals, signets, vases and eating utensils often bear inscriptions too. Most
1529:
The fifth part contains some samples of royal orders, including government instructions, and copies of the
Persian drawings found in the museums of Hyderabad and Delhi. we also come across epigraphical texts composed by rulers like Adil Shahi king Ali II (1656–71), Mughal king BahadurShah II
545:
544:
549:
548:
543:
4135:
550:
217:
and literature, as well as linguistics. The new edition includes images of many of the inscriptions it describes, as well as a new seventh chapter consisting of five parts. The new edition of the book has been published under a different title:
547:
2857:
278:
mixed
Quranic Arabic with Persian have been used alongside many other languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Portuguese and many others. Examples of such inscriptions can be found in Qutb Minar at New Delhi, the
503:
commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Originally red and white, Shah Jahan's favourite colours, its design is credited to architect
4202:
941:, and is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal-era mosque. It is known for its exquisite fresco decoration of geometric and floral motifs painted on stucco, along with inscriptions of the names of God.
546:
3051:
3105:
421:
The first chapter of the book is dedicated to the history of Persian inscription in India, describing the history of epigraphy up to the initial development of Islam and beyond.
2647:
2091:
757:
213:
After being forgotten for over 50 years, a third edition of the book has been printed by Dr. Mohammad Ajam. the absence of the book was felt particularly by students of the
3070:
1870:
1854:
2686:
1772:
4267:
2280:
2193:
658:. The courtyard can accommodate more than 25000 people. There are three domes on the terrace which are surrounded by the two minarets. The architectural plan of
531:
it may refer to only the 340-room main building that has the president's official residence, including reception halls, guest rooms and offices, also called the
4293:
4234:
4179:
1842:
2205:
254:, the Mughals and Surs (in the center). Many other regional dynasties also receive prominent representation in inscriptions within India. When the powerful
2770:
2145:
222:. because many of the stone inscriptions it describes have been preserved and registered as world heritage The new edition contains more than 120 images.
2790:
2869:
2709:
298:
and many other locations. In addition, Arabic and Persian inscriptions can be found written in various different popular scripts or styles of Islamic
2909:
4286:
2623:
326:
3031:
1462:
The third part deals with the Mughal/Persian architecture in India. The influence Persian-style architecture and language in India began with the
2553:
2328:
2121:
2041:
2244:
2029:
4266:
Why is Persian dying out in India, despite its deep roots? Most Persian manuscripts lie unused and locked in Indian libraries and archives.
3090:
2813:
2729:
2952:
2181:
259:
1752:
Pictures of some of the Indian monuments which contain Persian inscriptions and have been explained in the book: more pictures in flicker
3950:
3288:
2316:
1488:
Mughal tombs, made from sandstone and marble, emphasise the Persian influence. Among the architectural achievements of this era are the
2292:
1978:
247:
4276:
2635:
2498:
753:
meaning Mosque of Babur (Tiger) was a mosque in Ayodhya, India at a site believed by Hindus to be the birthplace of Hindu deity Rama.
686:
in Old Delhi, which stands opposite the Jama Masjid.it remained the royal mosque of the emperors until the end of the Mughal period.
2663:
2583:
3146:
535:; it may also refer to the entire 130-hectare (320 acre) Presidential Estate that additionally includes huge presidential gardens (
2996:
317:
2304:
901:, also known as the Gate of Magnificence, was built by Akbar in 1576 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat and the Deccan. The
251:
2972:
2537:
2106:
2017:
1911:
2568:
2401:
3141:
2217:
4107:
2374:
4376:
539:), large open spaces, residences of bodyguards and staff, stables, other offices and utilities within its perimeter walls.
3038:
2079:
2067:
710:
519:
and the buildings in this complex there are many Persian inscriptions especially in the hall of Ashoka (former Persika).
1156:
The Wazir Khan Mosque was commissioned during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1634, and completed in 1642
4386:
3136:
2055:
1942:
442:
2599:
1897:
4250:
2611:
1796:
1406:
The first part from the new edition chapter added in 2013 contains a selection of Persian inscriptions found on the
3924:
2845:
1990:
1286:
was the largest mosque in the world for 313 years, and is now the second largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent.
2932:
25:
4371:
4341:
4336:
3972:
2820:
2392:
2268:
1954:
1542:, there are nearly 15,000 examples of Persian and Quranic inscriptions in India, mostly found in cities such as
963:
836:
3126:
2833:
2754:
1784:
4255:
905:
is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India, built during the years 1580 and 1581.
4356:
3293:
1646:
3151:
3112:
2386:
1658:
1474:, which is why the book describes Mughal architecture as the Khorasanid or Persian style of architecture.
4208:
2513:
1696:
793:
4212:
4028:
3988:
2356:
2133:
2005:
1231:
646:
between 1650 and 1656 The mosque was completed in 1656 AD with three great gates and two 40 metres high
136:
4381:
4366:
2761:
2229:
2169:
4311:
2450:
1811:
3308:
3171:
2889:
2796:
2474:
2340:
1638:
1192:
1170:
1070:
4081:
2256:
3263:
3226:
1760:
1163:
393:
1930:
314:. The book describes many palaces, forts, tombs and mosques inscribed with Persian Inscriptions.
4361:
4242:
3253:
2915:
2900:
2113:
1882:
1106:
730:
366:
279:
4181:
Iranian Influence on Medieval Indian Architecture, The Growth of Civilizations in India and Iran
2462:
2434:
1637:
and heralded the beginning of a new style of art and architecture which came to be known as the
4351:
3376:
2525:
1365:
1558:, amongst others. The list of historical Indian monuments containing Persian inscriptions and
1374:
The 18th Sunehri Mosque was built in 1753 when the empire was in decline, during the reign of
512:. It was constructed between May 1639 and April 1648.It was conquered by Nader shah of Persia.
4322:
3023:
3008:
1082:
999:
926:
902:
429:, on many coins dating from the reign of Pulakesin II and on the crosses of churches such as
4271:
1137:
3917:
3877:
3819:
3746:
3236:
3161:
3096:
2979:
2804:
1666:
1612:
1311:
894:
876:
803:
733:, and is regarded as one of the most important mosques in Kashmir.The Mosque is located in
377:
342:
4048:
2416:
1830:
951:
8:
3809:
3313:
3166:
2654:
2590:
2504:
2160:
2097:
2047:
1861:
1559:
1384:
1298:
1121:
913:
908:
822:
583:
566:
The book describes 47 Mausoleum and tombs in India inscribed with Persian Inscriptions.
346:
299:
1448:
3951:
Iran, India relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions Dr.Mohammad Ajam
3711:
3353:
2669:
2544:
2441:
2407:
1634:
1596:
1470:, an area dominated by Persian language and culture. The Mughal dynasty also came from
1411:
1078:
944:
922:
832:
798:
722:
631:
528:
524:
520:
516:
505:
434:
389:
3345:
479:
The book describes Persian Inscriptions on many palaces and fort in India including:
4246:
3867:
3862:
3206:
3131:
3057:
3017:
2959:
2939:
2742:
2574:
1903:
1731:
1586:
1303:
1141:
1130:
1086:
1042:
868:
Humayun’s Tomb, is often regarded as the first mature example of Mughal architecture.
864:
810:
788:
734:
718:
397:
370:
4198:
Full word text of the book"Persian Inscriptions on the Indian Monuments" in Persian.
2486:
1966:
1358:, whose construction started in 1678 during the reign of Aurangzeb’s son Azam Shah.
4346:
4282:
Iran India relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions by Dr. Ajam.
3503:
3483:
3042:
2696:
1918:
1889:
1650:
1471:
1467:
1094:
1022:
938:
430:
214:
190:
186:
178:
39:
1081:
at Delhi are imposing buildings of his era, Shah Jahan also built sections of the
741:. Thronged by Muslims every Friday, it is one of the prime tourist attractions of
626:
The book had described Persian inscription in the 14 mosques in India including:
4318:
4222:
4207:
Free Download and save the old text of the book published in Persian 1958 :
3910:
3766:
3611:
3518:
3508:
3268:
3242:
3211:
3176:
3156:
2559:
1817:
1802:
1736:
1721:
1591:
1463:
1395:
1319:
1315:
1294:
1275:
1266:
1251:
968:
884:
858:
659:
571:
409:
329:
and are known in Iran and Afghanistan as the Gourkanid dynasty also had link to (
201:, many of which are currently listed as national heritage sites or registered as
165:
933:. The mosque was built between 1611 and 1614 during the reign of Mughal Emperor
557:
In terms of area, it is the largest residence of any head of state in the world.
448:
238:
inscriptions found in India, the dynasties represented most prominently are the
205:
world heritage, published in Persian; an English edition is also being printed.
4015:
3651:
3616:
3498:
3458:
3443:
3325:
3303:
3191:
3186:
2983:
1726:
1706:
1654:
1497:
1423:
1419:
1391:
1324:
1097:. Shah Jahan also built the Red Fort in his new capital at Shah Jahanabad, now
1003:
898:
880:
871:
828:
614:
610:
536:
496:
358:
354:
330:
303:
4217:
3478:
1848:
Plaque of Jamia Masjid another plaque is the order of the shahjahan in Persian
1271:
769:
Plaque of Jamia Masjid another plaque is the order of the shahjahan in Persian
4330:
4115:
3814:
3771:
3731:
3641:
3626:
3586:
3581:
3403:
3298:
3273:
3231:
3081:
3077:
2781:
1701:
1681:
1642:
1602:
1375:
1255:
991:
639:
575:
1370:
349:
style developed vigorously during his reign. Among his accomplishments were
4298:
3900:
3761:
3751:
3696:
3408:
2700:
1686:
1617:
1607:
1505:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1236:
1226:
1202:
1198:
1066:
750:
698:
287:
973:
3701:
3513:
3248:
3196:
2876:
2777:
2716:
2422:
1753:
1711:
1676:
1662:
1626:
1575:
1481:
1174:
1102:
1074:
1058:
777:
765:
729:
and completed in 1402 CE, at the behest of Mir Mohammad Hamadani, son of
452:
426:
401:
4221:
The systematic survey and study of Perso-Arabic epigraphy of the Indian
1466:; in addition, all the ruling dynasties after them were originally from
3872:
3857:
3676:
3671:
3656:
3631:
3453:
1741:
1509:
1355:
1218:
1214:
1054:
726:
689:
643:
500:
381:
125:
916:
is considered to be one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture
3791:
3786:
3756:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3686:
3681:
3666:
3661:
3621:
3571:
3566:
3283:
3201:
3061:
2720:
2362:
2347:
2235:
2156:
1716:
1543:
1501:
1489:
1407:
1387:
completed in 1754 is one of the last examples of Mughal Architecture.
1332:
1307:
1259:
1244:
1116:
1062:
1050:
995:
845:
675:
663:
651:
598:, the best marble stone inscribed with Persian Inscriptions and poem.
509:
460:
405:
385:
350:
291:
283:
194:
2199:
Agra darvaze Taj Mahal Quranic verses with Persian calligraphy style
1017:
994:. the tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the
602:
161:
4315:
Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office
3736:
3636:
3278:
3258:
3221:
3181:
2919:
2896:
2692:
2673:
1997:
1922:
1622:
1581:
1415:
1283:
1210:
1182:
1152:, is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque
1149:
1034:
934:
930:
742:
738:
714:
706:
683:
647:
587:
484:
422:
362:
311:
189:
and published in 1956 and 1958 and 2013. New edition contains the
1876:
Begum Shahi Mosque is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal period mosque
972:
The tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah is often regarded as a draft of the
955:
Begum Shahi Mosque is Lahore's earliest dated Mughal period mosque
325:
Mughal dynasty or Mughal Persian dynasty who originally came from
4290:
Iranian Influence On Medieval Indian Architecture. by S.A. Rezvi.
4231:
Iranian Influence On Medieval Indian Architecture. by S.A. Rezvi.
4136:
Persian Inscriptions on Mosque Srinagar IRNA,photo from the book
3882:
3781:
3776:
3706:
3691:
3646:
3591:
3576:
3556:
3528:
3493:
3468:
3433:
3388:
3216:
2880:
2824:
2737:
1691:
1672:
Other monuments with Persian inscriptions include the following:
1555:
893:
The main religious buildings were the huge Jama Masjid and small
609:'s Tomb of external entrance from the road, built to imitate the
532:
456:
438:
307:
255:
243:
3064:
which was built from the architectural design of Humayun's Tomb.
1398:. Humayun's Tomb, was the first sample of later Mughal gardens.
1101:. The red sandstone Red Fort is noted for its special buildings-
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3741:
3604:
3538:
3448:
3413:
3336:
2800:
2746:
1451:
1429:
1279:
1206:
1178:
1145:
1090:
1049:
was commissioned during the reign of Shah Jahan, his reign at
1046:
1026:
850:
773:
702:
667:
655:
239:
202:
1565:
816:
737:
which remains a central zone to the religio-political life in
638:, is one of the largest mosques in India. It was built by the
265:
4277:
About history of Persian Calligraphy and its different styles
4014:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
4010:
3996:
3561:
3523:
3463:
3438:
3423:
3418:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3369:
3329:
2963:
2943:
2923:
2677:
2426:
2152:
1547:
1533:
1351:
1186:
1098:
1006:
987:
635:
606:
579:
492:
468:
338:
334:
198:
3533:
3488:
3473:
3428:
3003:
2987:
2366:
1821:
1551:
1493:
1030:
983:
854:
679:
595:
591:
488:
464:
295:
274:
235:
2653:
Grave of Emperor Jahangir II Pakistan Quranic verses with
2322:
inside Taj mahal Quran verses in Persian calligraphy style
2211:
Taj mahal Quranic verses in Persian calligraphy Sols style
4305:
Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments Dr.Mohammad Ajam
4082:"Jama Masjid Srinagar - Biggest Mosque in Kashmir Valley"
3973:
Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments Dr.Mohammad Ajam
3962:
Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments Dr.Mohammad Ajam
2334:
inside Taj mahal Quran verses in Persian calligraphy Sols
1477:
1450:
The second part contains details of Persian epigraphy on
2127:
Taj mahal Quran verses in Persian calligraphy Sols style
4216:
Voice book of Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
1484:, a prominent example of Islamic architecture in India.
220:
Persian Inscriptions on the Indian World Heritage Sites
4227:
4070:
Persian Inscriptions on Jamamasjid by Dr.Mohammad Ajam
4016:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
982:
The tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulahmausoleum in the city of
621:
2250:
Taj Mahal Quranic verses in Persian calligraphy Sols
2310:
Taj mahal Quran verses in Persian calligraphy style
1290:Additional monuments with Persian Mughal structure
1778:A portrait of Nizami Ganjavi in Rashtrapati Bhavan
1401:
1254:in Lahore, Pakistan was commissioned by the sixth
586:masterpiece. It was built in 1605–1613 by his son
2286:mihrab, Taj Mahal mosque( say he is the only God)
1441:
4328:
4147:
4145:
4143:
925:is an early 17th-century mosque situated in the
102:Tehran University . New Delhi, Tehran university
2187:Facade of Taj Mahal Quranic verses with Persian
3989:"Persian Inscriptions on the Indian Monuments"
404:. The last of the great Mughal architects was
197:inscriptions found on historical monuments in
4140:
3918:
1037:forbade construction of a dome over his tomb.
1002:was also constructed during the reign of the
50:
3374:
2863:a replica from the Baberi Mosque inscription
2629:Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh Allahabad
1948:An unknown Lodi tomb in Akbar's Tomb complex
1310:was overseen by Aurangzeb's second daughter
761:a replica from the Baberi Mosque inscription
86:Persian Inscriptions on the Indian Monuments
3289:Persian language in the Indian subcontinent
3099:is a garden tomb within a marble mausoleum.
2274:Quranic verses in Persian calligraphy style
2223:Quranic verses in Persian calligraphy style
817:Akbar works to develop Indo-Persian culture
590:and is situated in 119 acres of grounds in
4158:
3925:
3911:
1534:Indian monuments with Persian inscriptions
670:, Pakistan, is similar to the Jama Masjid.
24:
4303:Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
4261:Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
3982:
3980:
1414:. It also contains inscriptions from the
495:that served as the main residence of the
425:Persian inscriptions can be found in the
337:a Persian word means Tiger. His grandson
3147:Monuments of National Importance (India)
1790:Persian inscriptions on Indian monuments
1564:
1540:Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
1476:
1428:
1369:
1323:
1270:
1230:
1136:
1016:
967:
950:
907:
875:
772:
764:
756:
721:, the Mosque was commissioned by Sultan
688:
601:
540:
447:
321:Persian inscriptions on Indian monuments
316:
269:Persian inscriptions on Indian monuments
264:
174:Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
160:
1864:finest examples of Mughal architecture
1641:style. Other monuments included in the
1410:Monuments, dating from the time of the
380:reached its zenith during the reign of
234:In Persian, Arabic and (more recently)
4329:
4177:
3977:
2507:of several 18th-century Persian poems.
1504:, which was built as a tomb for Queen
333:). Mughal Persian dynasty begins with
4100:
3142:List of World Heritage Sites in India
3115:explain how the samosas being cooked.
4272:Brief history of Persian Calligraphy
3986:
474:
3039:Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
1996:Circumferential Gallery around the
1984:Fatehpur Sikiri Buland Darwaza gate
1569:Asfi Mosque, Bara Imambara, Lucknow
1350:(also known as "Fort Aurangabad"),
554:Short Film about Rashtrapati Bhavan
273:In addition to Arabic, Persian and
13:
4239:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
4074:
3344:
3137:State Protected Monuments of India
622:Persian inscription in the mosques
185:) is a book written in Persian by
14:
4398:
4310:SOME PHOTO OF THE BOOK IN FLIKER
4192:
4041:
2641:The-Existence." Pakistan;
1669:are located on a hilltop nearby.
1496:(1565–74) and the walled city of
4178:Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem (2002).
4164:Encyclopædia Britannica (2008),
4151:Encyclopædia Britannica (2008),
4009:
3987:Ajam, Mohammad (29 April 2013).
3894:
3104:
3089:
3069:
3050:
3030:
3016:
2995:
2971:
2951:
2931:
2908:
2888:
2875:At 72.5m tall, the 13th-century
2868:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2812:
2789:
2769:
2753:
2728:
2708:
2685:
2662:
2646:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2582:
2567:
2552:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2433:
2415:
2400:
2385:
2380:Atashgah-inscription-jackson1911
2373:
2355:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2011:View of South Gate from Interior
2004:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1910:
1896:
1881:
1869:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1810:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1331:in Dhaka was built in memory of
416:
225:
208:
182:
51:
4226:Archaeological Survey of India
4171:
4129:
2061:Kanch Mahal, built by Jehangir.
1402:First part of the Third edition
1124:was built between 1630 and 1649
650:constructed with strips of red
443:St. Mary's Orthodox Valiyapally
4166:Shāh Jahān period architecture
4063:
4029:"Making of Rashtrapati Bhavan"
4021:
3966:
3955:
3944:
3375:
3127:Archaeological Survey of India
2780:and Bara Gumbad Mosque in the
2480:Asfi Mosque, Imambara, Lucknow
2456:The ruins of the Golconda Fort
1515:
1442:Second part of the new edition
1318:who died in 1671. The tomb of
1065:at Agra, the tomb of his wife
187:Dr Ali Asghar Hekmat E Shirazi
40:Dr Ali-Asghar Hekmat-e Shirazi
1:
3937:
3294:List of Persian calligraphers
2879:is the world's tallest brick
2605:Badshahi Mosque front picture
1647:Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb
1524:
1457:
1394:This style was influenced by
1012:
561:
3152:Delhi Archaeological Society
3113:Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi
2073:Inside work of Akbar's tomb.
1659:Mehrauli Archaeological Park
1217:during the reign of Emperor
1061:. Some examples include the
674:. Shah Jahan also built the
662:, built by Shah Jahan's son
582:. This tomb is an important
7:
4377:Indian architectural styles
4241:, by Ellison Banks Findly,
3120:
2589:Tombs- Quranic verses with
2547:stands on an ancient mound.
2410:Indian presidential palace.
1936:Babur= Tiger) Letter Naame
1235:The central chamber of the
887:to commemorate his victory.
794:Jama Mosque, Fatehpur Sikri
508:, who also constructed the
367:Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir
10:
4403:
1747:
1500:(1569–74), as well as the
1363:
1292:
1264:
1239:is decorated with frescoes
1224:
1190:
1161:
1128:
1114:
961:
960:Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah*
942:
862:
843:
826:
820:
394:Shalimar Gardens of Lahore
4387:History books about India
3172:Indo-Islamic architecture
1193:Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta
964:Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah
837:Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah
617:, the city, Akbar founded
131:
116:
106:
98:
90:
82:
74:
66:
58:
46:
35:
23:
4088:. Tour My India Pvt. Ltd
4051:. Cultural India website
3227:Ata Hussain Fani Chishti
2715:Tomb of Nithar Begum at
2468:Golconda Fort, Hyderabad
2298:mihrab, Taj Mahal mosque
1562:includes the following:
1433:Golconda Fort, Hyderabad
1383:Tomb of Safdar Jang The
1164:Shalimar Gardens, Lahore
400:, and who renovated the
290:at Pandua (Bengal), the
16:Book by Hekmat E Shirazi
4243:Oxford University Press
4108:"Jamia Masjid Srinagar"
3007:decorative work at the
2916:Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
2617:I'timād-ud-Daulah, Agra
2114:Tomb of Akbar the Great
2035:Tomb of Akbar, Sikandra
853:world heritage site in
780:with 10 Persian plaques
731:Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
280:Tomb of Akbar the Great
193:texts of more than 200
4372:Persian-language books
4342:1956 non-fiction books
4337:1958 non-fiction books
3349:
3309:Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab
3076:This mausoleum in the
2821:Tombs of Ustad-Shagird
2395:inscriptions (3rd BCE)
2139:Taj Mahal Mosque, Agra
1805:inscribed with Persian
1633:Mehrauli was built by
1570:
1538:According to the book
1485:
1434:
1379:
1366:Sunehri Mosque, Lahore
1344:
1287:
1247:'s reign (1658–1707)
1240:
1153:
1073:(Pearl Mosque) in the
1038:
977:
956:
917:
888:
781:
770:
762:
694:
618:
570:Mausoleum of Akbar or
555:
471:
322:
270:
183:نقش پارسی بر احجار هند
169:
168:inscribed with Persian
52:نقش پارسی بر احجار هند
4297:epigraphical-studies
3348:
3009:Tomb of Salim Chishti
1568:
1480:
1432:
1373:
1327:
1314:. Aurangzeb's sister
1274:
1234:
1140:
1020:
1000:Shahi Bridge, Jaunpur
971:
954:
927:Walled City of Lahore
911:
903:Tomb of Salim Chishti
879:
776:
768:
760:
717:in the middle of the
713:, India. Situated at
692:
605:
553:
451:
320:
268:
164:
4357:Persian inscriptions
4049:"Jama Masjid, Delhi"
3999:on November 12, 2020
3254:Mu'in al-Din Chishti
3237:Indo-Persian culture
3162:Indo-Persian culture
2980:Tomb of Salim Chisti
2262:Taj gateway building
1766:Two Books by Dr.Ajam
1687:Amir Khusrow Dehlavi
1653:, Quli Khan's Tomb,
1339:who was governor of
895:Tomb of Salim Chisti
883:, Agra was built by
804:Jama Mosque, Jaunpur
584:Mughal architectural
378:Indo-Persian culture
343:Indo-Persian culture
4153:Mughal architecture
3314:Imambara Shah Najaf
3167:Mughal architecture
3111:Persian manuscript
2655:Persian calligraphy
2593:Persian Nask style.
2159:with Persian style
1862:Shaikh Salim Chisti
1560:Persian calligraphy
1385:Tomb of Safdar Jung
1299:Tomb of Safdar Jang
1205:which was built in
1122:World Heritage Site
914:Shaikh Salim Chisti
861:and Humayun's Tomb
823:Akbari architecture
574:is the tomb of the
353:, the fort-city of
347:Mughal architecture
300:Persian Calligraphy
250:, the Sayyids, the
47:Original title
20:
3354:Abdul Qadir Gilani
3350:
2408:Rashtrapati Bhavan
1635:Qutub-ud-din Aibak
1597:Rashtrapati Bhavan
1571:
1486:
1435:
1412:Qutb Shahi dynasty
1380:
1345:
1335:, the daughter of
1288:
1241:
1203:Persian-style bath
1154:
1127:Wazir Khan Mosque
1039:
978:
957:
945:Begum Shahi Mosque
923:Begum Shahi Mosque
918:
889:
833:Begum Shahi Mosque
799:Qutb Minar complex
782:
771:
763:
695:
632:Jama Masjid, Delhi
619:
556:
529:President of India
525:official residence
521:Rashtrapati Bhavan
517:Rashtrapati Bhavan
506:Ustad Ahmad Lahori
483:Red castle or The
472:
435:San Thome Basilica
384:, who constructed
323:
302:, including Kufi,
271:
170:
19:
4382:Books about India
4367:Islam in Pakistan
4258:
3935:
3934:
3377:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
3132:Epigraphia Indica
3097:Safdarjung's Tomb
2960:Nizamuddin Dargah
2940:Moinuddin Chishti
2851:Shah Jahan Mosque
2797:Shah Jahan Mosque
2743:Wazir Khan Mosque
2699:, decorated with
2155:inscribed on the
1904:Wazir Khan Mosque
1732:Moinuddin Chishti
1697:St. James' Church
1667:Adham Khan's Tomb
1613:Safdarjung's Tomb
1171:Shah Jahan Mosque
1160:Shalimar Gardens
1142:Wazir Khan Mosque
1131:Wazir Khan Mosque
1120:The Taj Mahal, a
1087:Naulakha pavilion
1043:Wazir Khan Mosque
857:, Uttar Pradesh.
811:Bahmani Sultanate
789:Jama Mosque, Agra
711:Jammu and Kashmir
551:
475:Palaces, citadels
398:Wazir Khan Mosque
365:commissioned the
159:
158:
112:1956- 1958 - 2013
67:Cover artist
4394:
4254:
4186:
4185:
4175:
4169:
4162:
4156:
4149:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4114:. Archived from
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4078:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3995:. Archived from
3984:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3948:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3901:Islam portal
3899:
3898:
3897:
3832:Topics in Sufism
3504:Sufi metaphysics
3380:
3379:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3108:
3093:
3080:is known as the
3073:
3060:was a model for
3054:
3043:Tughlaqabad Fort
3034:
3020:
2999:
2975:
2955:
2935:
2912:
2901:Independence Day
2892:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2816:
2793:
2773:
2757:
2732:
2712:
2697:Tomb of Jahangir
2695:'s grave at the
2689:
2666:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2586:
2571:
2556:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2437:
2419:
2404:
2389:
2377:
2359:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2044:
2032:
2020:
2008:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1919:Hazratbal Shrine
1914:
1900:
1890:Tomb of Jahangir
1885:
1873:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1814:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1472:Greater Khorasan
1468:Greater Khorasan
1177:for the city of
1095:Shahjahan Mosque
1029:does not have a
1023:Tomb of Jahangir
939:Mariam-Uz-Zamani
552:
431:St. Thomas Mount
408:, who built the
215:Persian language
155:
152:
150:
148:
146:
144:
142:
140:
138:
108:Publication date
78:Persian -English
62:Dr.Mohammad Ajam
54:
28:
21:
18:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4327:
4326:
4256:excerpts online
4195:
4190:
4189:
4176:
4172:
4163:
4159:
4150:
4141:
4134:
4130:
4121:
4119:
4118:on 21 July 2017
4112:Gaffara Kashmir
4106:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3931:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3833:
3825:
3824:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3767:Haqqani Anjuman
3607:
3597:
3596:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3519:Sufi psychology
3509:Sufi philosophy
3365:
3357:
3356:, Baghdad, Iraq
3335:
3334:
3323:
3322:
3269:Achabal Gardens
3243:Maudood Chishti
3212:Bibi Ka Maqbara
3157:Survey of India
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3094:
3085:
3074:
3065:
3055:
3046:
3035:
3026:
3021:
3012:
3000:
2991:
2976:
2967:
2956:
2947:
2936:
2927:
2913:
2904:
2893:
2884:
2873:
2864:
2861:
2852:
2849:
2840:
2837:
2828:
2817:
2808:
2794:
2785:
2774:
2765:
2758:
2749:
2733:
2724:
2713:
2704:
2690:
2681:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2642:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2594:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2563:
2560:Bibi Ka Maqbara
2557:
2548:
2543:Sher Mandal in
2541:
2532:
2531:A Persian poem.
2529:
2520:
2519:A Persian poem.
2517:
2508:
2502:
2493:
2490:
2481:
2478:
2469:
2466:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2381:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2344:
2335:
2332:
2323:
2320:
2311:
2308:
2299:
2296:
2287:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2248:
2239:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2212:
2209:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2176:
2173:
2164:
2149:
2140:
2137:
2128:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2062:
2059:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2012:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1982:
1973:
1970:
1961:
1958:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1934:
1925:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1892:
1886:
1877:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1825:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1764:
1750:
1737:Badshahi Masjid
1722:Bibi Ka Maqbara
1661:. In addition,
1536:
1527:
1518:
1464:Tughlaq dynasty
1460:
1444:
1404:
1396:Persian gardens
1368:
1362:Sunehri Mosque
1320:Roshanara Begum
1304:Zinat al-Masjid
1301:
1295:Bibi Ka Maqbara
1276:Badshahi Masjid
1269:
1267:Badshahi Mosque
1252:Badshahi Mosque
1229:
1195:
1166:
1133:
1119:
1015:
966:
947:
937:by his mother,
885:Akbar the Great
867:
859:Jahangiri Mahal
849:Agra fort is a
848:
839:
825:
819:
660:Badshahi Masjid
624:
564:
541:
497:Mughal Emperors
491:in the city of
477:
419:
410:Badshahi Mosque
228:
211:
145:/20201112200433
135:
109:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4362:Islam in India
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4193:External links
4191:
4188:
4187:
4170:
4157:
4139:
4128:
4099:
4073:
4062:
4040:
4020:
3976:
3965:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3815:Notable modern
3812:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Sufi cosmology
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:Chota Imambara
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Fatehpur Sikri
3189:
3187:Buland Darwaza
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3058:Humayun's Tomb
3056:
3049:
3047:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2984:Fatehpur Sikri
2977:
2970:
2968:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2938:The dargah of
2937:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2691:
2684:
2682:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2577:, Delhi, India
2575:Humayun's Tomb
2573:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2179:
2177:
2175:Arjomand Banou
2174:
2167:
2165:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2085:Entrance Arch.
2084:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1727:Fatehpur Sikri
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1707:Buland Darwaza
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1655:Rajon Ki Baoli
1631:
1630:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Humayun's Tomb
1584:
1578:
1535:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1498:Fatehpur Sikri
1459:
1456:
1443:
1440:
1424:Andhra Pradesh
1403:
1400:
1392:Mughal gardens
1389:
1388:
1381:
1364:Main article:
1312:Zinat-al-Nissa
1265:Main article:
1225:Main article:
1223:
1222:
1196:
1191:Main article:
1175:central mosque
1167:
1162:Main article:
1135:
1134:
1129:Main article:
1125:
1115:Main article:
1014:
1011:
1004:Mughal Emperor
980:
979:
962:Main article:
949:
948:
943:Main article:
899:Buland Darwaza
891:
890:
881:Buland Darwaza
872:Fatehpur Sikri
869:
865:Humayun's Tomb
863:Main article:
844:Main article:
829:Allahabad Fort
821:Main article:
818:
815:
814:
813:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
755:
754:
747:
746:
672:
671:
623:
620:
615:Fatehpur Sikri
611:Buland Darwaza
600:
599:
563:
560:
559:
558:
537:Mughal Gardens
513:
487:is a historic
476:
473:
418:
415:
414:
413:
371:Humayun's Tomb
361:. Akbar's son
359:Buland Darwaza
355:Fatehpur Sikri
331:Ghurid dynasty
327:great Khorasan
227:
224:
210:
207:
157:
156:
133:
129:
128:
118:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
94:1956-1958-2013
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
37:
33:
32:
30:Cover page for
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4399:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Iranian books
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4251:0-19-507488-2
4248:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4183:
4182:
4174:
4167:
4161:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4137:
4132:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4087:
4086:Tour My India
4083:
4077:
4071:
4066:
4050:
4044:
4030:
4024:
4017:
4012:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3810:Notable early
3808:
3807:
3804:List of sufis
3801:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Bara Imambara
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:Mughal Empire
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:Chishti Order
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3082:Shisha Gumbad
3079:
3078:Lodhi Gardens
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3024:Jantar Mantar
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2918:'s dargah in
2917:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2782:Lodhi Gardens
2779:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2023:Akbar's Tomb.
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Bara Imambara
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Bedil Dehlavi
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:Balban's tomb
1648:
1644:
1643:Qutub complex
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Lodhi Gardens
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:fort and the
1417:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1376:Muhammad Shah
1372:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:Uttar Pradesh
989:
985:
975:
970:
965:
959:
958:
953:
946:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
915:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
886:
882:
878:
873:
870:
866:
860:
856:
852:
847:
841:
840:
838:
834:
830:
824:
812:
809:
808:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
779:
775:
767:
759:
752:
749:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
697:
696:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
627:
616:
612:
608:
604:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
567:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
480:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
417:First chapter
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
375:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
267:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
226:Book contents
223:
221:
216:
209:Third edition
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:
167:
163:
154:
134:
130:
127:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
27:
22:
4302:
4281:
4238:
4201:
4180:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4131:
4120:. Retrieved
4116:the original
4111:
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4085:
4076:
4065:
4053:. Retrieved
4043:
4032:. Retrieved
4023:
4001:. Retrieved
3997:the original
3992:
3968:
3957:
3946:
3747:Ni'matullāhī
3712:Sülaymaniyya
3697:Maizbhandari
3177:Akbar's tomb
3084:(glass dome)
3002:
2839:Dewan-e-Khas
2762:Diwan-i-Khas
2760:
2736:
2701:parchin kari
2492:Mumtaz Mahal
1972:Front Façade
1960:Barrel vault
1860:The tomb of
1818:Akbar's tomb
1803:Akbar's tomb
1751:
1671:
1639:Indo-Islamic
1632:
1618:Qutb complex
1608:Purana Quila
1592:Akbar's tomb
1539:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1506:Mumtaz Mahal
1487:
1461:
1445:
1436:
1405:
1390:
1348:Lalbagh Fort
1346:
1337:Shaista Khan
1329:Lalbagh Fort
1302:
1289:
1249:
1242:
1237:Shahi Hammam
1227:Shahi Hammam
1199:Shahi Hammam
1185:province of
1155:
1107:Diwan-i-Khas
1083:Sheesh Mahal
1067:Mumtaz Mahal
1040:
981:
912:The tomb of
892:
783:
751:Babri Masjid
699:Jamia Masjid
673:
625:
572:Akbar's tomb
565:
478:
420:
324:
288:Adina Mosque
272:
233:
229:
219:
212:
195:epigraphical
173:
172:
171:
166:Akbar's Tomb
120:
42:and Dr. Ajam
3878:Persecution
3605:Sufi orders
3514:Sufi poetry
3249:Wali Kirani
3207:Jama Masjid
3197:Lahore Fort
2877:Qutub Minar
2819:One of the
2778:Bara Gumbad
2717:Khusro Bagh
2670:Lahori Gate
2591:Calligraphy
2545:Purana Qila
2505:Calligraphy
2442:Jama Masjid
2423:Jama Masjid
2393:Ashoka Rock
2161:Calligraphy
2098:Calligraphy
2048:Calligraphy
1712:Lahore Fort
1677:Tughlaqabad
1663:Jahaz Mahal
1627:South Delhi
1576:Qutub Minar
1516:Fourth part
1482:Qutub Minar
1113:Taj Mahal*
1103:Diwan-i-Aam
1079:Jama Masjid
1075:Lahore Fort
1071:Moti Masjid
842:Agra Fort
778:Jama Masjid
594:, a sub of
453:Calligraphy
427:Ajanta cave
402:Lahore Fort
390:Jama Masjid
310:, Riqa and
59:Illustrator
4331:Categories
4245:US. 2000.
4122:2009-05-08
4034:2019-05-26
3938:References
3873:Sufi music
3642:Suhrawardi
3632:Naqshbandi
2807:influence.
2803:,Pakistan
2657:Nasq style
2444:Old Delhi.
1836:Jamamasjid
1742:Ataga Khan
1525:Fifth part
1510:Shah Jahan
1458:Third part
1356:Bangladesh
1316:Roshan-Ara
1293:See also:
1219:Shah Jahan
1213:, in 1635
1089:, also in
1013:Shah Jahan
827:See also:
693:Jamamasjid
654:and white
644:Shah Jahan
562:Mausoleums
501:Shah Jahan
499:. Emperor
382:Shah Jahan
357:, and the
341:developed
260:khorasanid
126:Wikisource
4184:. Tulika.
4092:9 January
3777:Issawiyya
3752:Qalandari
3717:Salihiyya
3612:Ba 'Alawi
3572:Muraqabah
3551:Practices
3284:Nur Jahan
3264:Asaf Khan
3202:Taj Mahal
3062:Taj Mahal
2721:Allahabad
2363:Taj Mahal
2348:Taj Mahal
2236:Taj Mahal
2157:Taj Mahal
2100:.Sikandra
1717:Taj Mahal
1544:Hyderabad
1502:Taj Mahal
1408:Hyderabad
1333:Bibi Pari
1308:Daryaganj
1260:Aurangzeb
1245:Aurangzeb
1183:Pakistani
1181:, in the
1117:Taj Mahal
1063:Taj Mahal
996:Taj Mahal
990:state of
974:Tāj Mahal
846:Agra fort
676:Taj Mahal
664:Aurangzeb
652:sandstone
510:Taj Mahal
461:Taj Mahal
455:on large
406:Aurangzeb
386:Taj Mahal
351:Agra Fort
292:Taj Mahal
284:Sikandara
149://parssea
99:Publisher
91:Published
3737:Shattari
3702:Malamati
3652:Khalwati
3637:Shadhili
3617:Bektashi
3587:Whirling
3557:Anasheed
3484:Qalandar
3352:Tomb of
3326:a series
3324:Part of
3279:Nurmahal
3259:Jahangir
3222:Khanzada
3182:Red Fort
3121:See also
2920:Mehrauli
2897:Red Fort
2827:, India.
2693:Jahangir
2680:, India.
2674:Red Fort
1998:cenotaph
1923:srinagar
1921:kashmir
1645:are the
1623:Mehrauli
1582:Red Fort
1490:Red Fort
1454:stones.
1416:Golkonda
1284:Pakistan
1258:Emperor
1211:Pakistan
1150:Pakistan
1077:and the
1035:Jahangir
935:Jahangir
931:Pakistan
743:Srinagar
739:Srinagar
735:Downtown
725:in 1394
723:Sikandar
719:Old City
715:Nowhatta
707:Srinagar
684:Red Fort
682:and the
648:minarets
642:Emperor
592:Sikandra
588:Jahangir
578:emperor
485:Red Fort
423:Sassanid
363:Jahangir
345:and the
312:Nastaliq
248:Tughluqs
153:/?p=3848
139:.archive
75:Language
4347:Dargahs
4003:15 June
3993:parssea
3883:Ziyarat
3868:History
3858:Ma'rifa
3820:Singers
3782:Jerrahi
3772:Inayati
3732:Mevlevi
3727:Kubrawi
3722:Azeemia
3707:Mouridi
3692:Jelveti
3687:Bayrami
3677:Darqawi
3657:Rahmani
3627:Chishti
3592:Ziyarat
3577:Qawwali
3529:Tazkiah
3494:Silsila
3469:Murshid
3454:Ma'rifa
3434:Karamat
3389:Dervish
3247:Khwaja
3241:Khwaja
3217:Lucknow
2881:minaret
2825:Nakodar
2805:Persian
2738:shahada
2672:of the
1748:Gallery
1692:Lucknow
1556:Lucknow
1422:in the
1173:is the
1093:called
986:in the
533:mansion
527:of the
523:is the
515:in the
459:at the
457:pishtaq
439:Chennai
308:Thuluth
256:Mughals
244:Khaljis
240:Mamluks
191:Persian
179:Persian
132:Website
83:Subject
70:Dr.Ajam
4249:
4055:19 May
3853:Haqiqa
3848:Tariqa
3843:Sharia
3838:Tawhid
3792:Zahedi
3787:Madari
3762:Galibi
3757:Akbari
3742:Uwaisi
3682:Senusi
3672:Tijani
3667:Desuqi
3662:Badawi
3647:Rifa`i
3622:Qadiri
3539:Yaqeen
3449:Manzil
3444:Lataif
3414:Haqiqa
3337:Sufism
2801:Thatta
2747:Lahore
1452:Bengal
1420:Deccan
1341:Bengal
1280:Lahore
1256:Mughal
1207:Lahore
1179:Thatta
1146:Lahore
1091:Thatta
1085:, and
1069:. The
1059:Lahore
1047:Lahore
1027:Lahore
988:Indian
851:UNESCO
835:, and
703:mosque
668:Lahore
656:marble
640:Mughal
576:Mughal
396:, the
392:, the
388:, the
286:, the
246:, the
242:, the
203:UNESCO
147:/http:
36:Author
3567:Haḍra
3562:Dhikr
3524:Salik
3464:Murid
3459:Maqam
3439:Kashf
3424:Irfan
3419:Ihsan
3399:Fakir
3394:Dhawq
3384:Baqaa
3370:Abdal
3364:Ideas
3330:Islam
2986:near
2964:Delhi
2944:Ajmer
2924:Delhi
2703:work.
2678:Delhi
2427:Delhi
2153:Quran
1548:Delhi
1352:Dhaka
1201:is a
1187:Sindh
1099:Delhi
1055:Delhi
1007:Akbar
701:is a
678:, at
636:Delhi
607:Akbar
580:Akbar
493:Delhi
469:India
339:Akbar
335:Babur
304:Naskh
258:and (
252:Lodis
199:India
4247:ISBN
4094:2019
4057:2017
4005:2020
3582:Sama
3534:Wali
3489:Qutb
3474:Nafs
3429:Ishq
3404:Fana
3037:The
3004:Jali
2988:Agra
2978:The
2958:The
2899:and
2895:The
2776:The
2741:the
2735:The
2440:The
2367:Agra
2346:The
2151:The
2112:The
1888:The
1822:Agra
1665:and
1601:The
1580:The
1574:The
1554:and
1552:Agra
1494:Agra
1297:and
1250:The
1215:C.E.
1169:The
1105:and
1057:and
1051:Agra
1041:The
1031:dome
1021:The
984:Agra
921:The
855:Agra
680:Agra
630:The
596:Agra
489:fort
465:Agra
441:and
433:and
369:and
296:Agra
275:Urdu
236:Urdu
151:.org
143:/web
141:.org
117:Text
3863:Art
3479:Nūr
3409:Hal
3328:on
3041:at
2982:at
2962:in
2799:in
1820:at
1657:in
1625:in
1508:by
1492:at
1306:in
1243:In
1144:in
1109:.
1045:in
1033:as
1025:at
705:in
666:at
634:of
613:at
437:in
373:.
294:at
282:at
137:web
124:at
122:|]]
4333::
4142:^
4110:.
4084:.
3991:.
3979:^
2942:,
2922:,
2823:,
2745:,
2719:,
2676:,
2425:,
2365:,
1917:.
1649:,
1550:,
1546:,
1426:.
1354:,
1282:,
1278:,
1209:,
1148:,
1053:,
1009:.
929:,
897:.
874:,
831:,
784:,
727:CE
709:,
467:,
463:,
445:.
306:,
181::
4253:.
4168:.
4155:.
4125:.
4096:.
4059:.
4037:.
4018:.
4007:.
3926:e
3919:t
3912:v
3045:.
3011:,
2990:.
2966:.
2946:.
2926:.
2903:.
2883:.
2784:.
2723:,
2562:.
2350:.
2238:.
2163:.
1824:.
1629:.
1378:.
1343:.
1262:.
1221:.
1189:.
998:.
976:.
745:.
412:.
177:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
